JP2004100927A - Transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a transmission capable of outputting large torque by efficiently decelerating rotation input at ultra-high speed in simple structure with little vibration and noise, light in weight and of low cost. <P>SOLUTION: This transmission is constituted by supporting planetary rollers 4 and power rollers 5 arranged with equal intervals on a peripheral part of a frictional engaging part 3a and to be driven by rotation of a sun roller 3 on each other at a contact point S of the two planetary rollers 4 and the power rollers 5 arranged with equal intervals on an inner periphery of a frictional engaging part 6a integrally formed with a guide ring 6 provided impossible to rotate and adjacent to each other, built in free to autorotate and revolve while certainly maintaining engagement and alignment of the planetary rollers 4 and the power rollers 5 by pressurizing the frictional engaging part by thrust generated on a helical outer gear 5e and a helical inner gear 7c in accordance with a pressure spring 11 and size of transmission torque and outputs rotation differentiated through the helical outer gear 5e and the frictional engaging part 6a from the helical inner gear 7c. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention effectively utilizes the respective characteristics of a transmission gear and a transmission roller to receive rotation output at an ultra-high speed, for example, as in a gas turbine engine, and to efficiently shift to output a large torque. The present invention relates to an improvement in a transmission.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Gear type transmissions have a remarkably large torque that can be transmitted, and are the most advantageous for transmissions used in the low-to-medium-speed range for reducing the size and weight of transmissions and reducing costs. are doing.
In general, a large radial load or thrust load is generated in a driving gear and a driven gear due to a reaction force generated by rotation of a gear in a gear type transmission, and therefore, a rotating shaft and a bearing for supporting these gears are generated. Upsizing is inevitable. In addition, torque is transmitted to the tooth contact surface of the gear while repeatedly generating impact and slip, and as the number of revolutions increases, noise and vibration and the amount of heat generated due to the slip of the tooth contact surface also increase, resulting in transmission efficiency. Such a problem is associated with a transmission using gears in a transmission portion that transmits torque at ultra-high speed rotation.
[0003]
In addition, since the rotational drive of the transmission roller in the friction type transmission is smooth, it is possible to cope with the output of ultra-high speed rotation, for example, as in a gas turbine engine, and the vibration and noise are small and the transmission efficiency is excellent. When transmitting the decelerated low-speed large torque, the torque that can be transmitted by the transmission roller is extremely smaller than the torque that can be transmitted by the gears. Therefore, there is a problem that the size of the friction type transmission cannot be avoided. .
[0004]
As described above, the gear transmission and the transmission roller transmission have advantages and disadvantages, respectively. By effectively utilizing the advantages of the transmission gear and the transmission roller as described above, a transmission having a large transmission ratio and ultra-miniaturization can be realized as a transmission that can be easily manufactured with a simple structure. A transmission device as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-39836 has been proposed.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to increase the output of the prime mover without increasing the weight and volume, the production of machines equipped with a prime mover such as an electric motor, a reciprocating engine, a gas turbine engine and the like whose output shaft speed is increased has increased. I have.
The present invention has been made in response to such trends in the industry, and can cope with a prime mover that is output at ultra-high speed rotation, and has excellent transmission efficiency, a large reduction ratio and output torque can be obtained, and vibration and It is an object of the present invention to provide a low-cost transmission that has a simple structure and suppresses noise.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, a transmission according to the present invention includes a sun roller having a friction engagement portion on an inclined surface of an outer peripheral portion of a conical shape and a flange at an end portion, and a tapered roller shape which is arranged in the circumferential direction of the sun roller and driven to rotate. A plurality of planetary rollers provided with friction engagement portions on the outer periphery of the slope, and the same number of these planetary rollers are provided, and the friction engagement portions are provided on the outer periphery of the conical slope, and the output shaft is integrally rotated on the side. A power roller supported by two planetary rollers adjacent to each other and rotatably driven by the two planetary rollers, and a rotation axis of the power roller is a sun roller. These planetary rollers are disposed in the circumferential direction of the sun roller on a tapered friction engagement portion formed on the inner periphery of a cylinder having a diameter larger than the circular orbit formed on the outer periphery of the sun roller. A guide ring that holds the power rollers at equal intervals is non-rotatably disposed concentrically with the rotation axis of the sun roller on the inner periphery of the housing, and is formed on the frictional engagement portion formed on the sun roller and on the planetary roller and the power roller. The frictional engagement portion and the extension line of these generatrices formed in the frictional engagement portion of the guide ring are configured such that the input shaft and the output shaft arranged concentrically converge at substantially one point on a common center line drawn, Between the inner side of the frictional engagement portion formed on the guide ring and the peripheral portion of the frictional engagement portion formed on the sun roller, the planetary roller and the power roller are supported by adjacent frictional engagement portions, respectively. And a preload mechanism that applies a pressing force to the frictional engagement part so as to maintain the alignment of these planetary rollers and the power roller, and a pressing force according to the magnitude of the transmission torque. A pressing mechanism for urging each of the friction engagement portions, transmitting the rotation input to the sun roller to the planetary rollers, and driving the adjacent power roller by the rotation of these planetary rollers. The rotation transmitted to these power rollers is output from the internal gear via the guide ring and the external gear.
[0007]
It is preferable that the preload mechanism according to the present invention includes an elastic member interposed between the housing and the guide ring and biasing the sun roller in the axial direction.
[0008]
The pressing mechanism is interposed between the housing and the guide ring, urges in the axial direction of the sun roller, and presses each of the friction engagement portions according to the magnitude of the transmission torque. It may have a cam for controlling the pressure.
[0009]
Further, the pressing mechanism forms the internal gear mounted on the output shaft into a helical internal gear, while the external gear provided on each of the power rollers meshed with the helical internal gear has a helical internal gear. The helical gear is formed in an external gear, and the rotation direction of the sun roller and the helical internal gear, and the winding direction of the tooth helical in the helical external gear, are determined by the thrust generated in the helical gear by the driving torque, and The pressing force for pressing the frictional engagement portion against the frictional engagement portion can be controlled in accordance with the magnitude of the transmission torque by urging in the direction of the ring.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
1 to 4 show a transmission according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
This transmission is suitable for, for example, a cogeneration system that efficiently reduces the rotation output at ultra-high speed rotation and drives a generator, such as a gas turbine engine that realizes a large output while being small and lightweight. In order to achieve high efficiency as a gearbox that drives the generator by increasing the speed of low-speed and large-torque output by the wind turbine of the wind power generator, the transmission is a main component of the transmission. A carrier that arranges and aligns rollers and transmission gears at equal intervals and a transmission that eliminates the need for a rotating shaft and bearings that support the transmission rollers and transmission gears. Attainment.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 1, the housing 1 has a substantially bowl-shaped body 1b, a lid 1a for closing the opening, and a bearing housing 1c on the other side, and the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 5 share a common central shaft. The input shaft 2 is rotatably supported by a ball bearing 8 provided on the lid portion 1a, and the other large end 2a is integrally formed with the output shaft 7 in a disk-shaped flange. It is fitted into the inner race of the angular ball shaft 8a attached to the base of 7a and is supported rotatably. Further, a radial needle roller bearing 9a is mounted on the input shaft 2 in an inner hole formed by hollowing the inside of the shaft, the small end of the output shaft 7 is fitted into the inner ring, and the other output shaft 7 The output shaft 7 is rotatably supported by a large-diameter tapered roller bearing 9 that accommodates the large-diameter portion in the bearing accommodating portion 1c.
[0012]
As described above, the small end of the output shaft 7 is fitted into the inner hole formed in the input shaft 2, so that the input shaft 2 rotating at a very high speed and the output shaft 7 rotating at a low speed can be refracted. The displacement of the center line C2 of the rotating shaft during rotation is suppressed, and the planetary roller 4 and the power roller 5, which will be described later, roll smoothly, reducing vibration and noise, and improving transmission efficiency and durability. Furthermore, the axial dimension of the device can be reduced, and a more compact transmission can be formed.
[0013]
The tapered roller bearing 9 supporting the output shaft 7 applies all the thrust load generated inside the transmission according to the magnitude of the torque output from the output shaft 7 by the action of a cam 12 described later, and the center roller 3 , The planetary roller 4, the power roller 5, and the flange 7a are provided to prevent the output shaft 7 from moving.
[0014]
Further, oil seals 13 and 13a are arranged at respective portions where the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 7 penetrate the cover 1a and the bearing housing 1c of the housing to prevent leakage of the traction oil housed in the housing 1. In addition, foreign substances are prevented from entering the housing 1.
[0015]
The input shaft 2 rotatably supported in this manner has a friction engagement portion 3a formed on a slope of a conical outer peripheral portion at an intermediate portion where the ball bearing 8 and the angular ball bearing 8a are arranged. A flange 3c is provided at the base, and at the base of the flange 3c, a center roller 3 having a concave surface contact portion 3b that comes into contact with a convex contact portion at the right corner of the planetary roller 4 is integrally formed.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality (five in this embodiment) of planetary rollers 4 are arranged at equal intervals around the frictional engagement portion 3a of the center roller 3, and the plurality of planetary rollers 4 Are supported by two planetary rollers 4 adjacent to the power roller 5 in a circumferential recess formed therebetween, and rotate along the inner periphery of a frictional engagement portion 6a integrally formed with a guide ring 6 described later. It is arranged so that it can revolve freely.
[0017]
The guide ring 6, which is disposed opposite to the internal gear 7b provided on the outer periphery of the flange portion 7a formed integrally with the output shaft 7, is disposed movably in the axial direction on the inner periphery of the housing body 1b. An urging means such as a disc spring 12 interposed between the ring 6 and the lid 1a is constantly urged in the direction of the internal gear 7b with an appropriate pressing force. Further, a plurality of cams 12 are formed in the circumferential direction between the guide ring 6 and the lid 1a. The cam 12 is a mechanism that has been widely used in the related art. The cam 12 is a pair of a mountain-shaped convex portion and a concave portion extending alternately in the axial direction, and is interposed between the guide ring 6 and the lid portion 1a. For example, when a load acts on the output shaft, a torque proportional to the magnitude of the load is transmitted to the cam 12 via a path to be described later, and a reaction force is applied to the cam 12 according to the magnitude of the transmitted torque. Acts to urge the guide ring 6 in the direction of the flange 7a along the inner periphery of the housing body 1b.
[0018]
The guide ring 6 is integrally formed with a frictional engagement portion 6b on a conical slope inclined in a direction away from the flange 7a, and is formed on the inner periphery of the frictional engagement portion 6b in a direction away from the flange 7a. A friction engagement portion 5b is formed on the conical slope that is reduced in diameter, and a flange is formed on the left side of the smallest diameter portion. A concave contact portion 5a is formed on the base of the flange. Further, on the right side of the other largest diameter portion, a plurality of power rollers 5 having an external gear 5c meshing with an internal gear 7b formed on the outer periphery of a disk-shaped flange 7a integrally formed with the output shaft 7 are in an inscribed state. It is arranged so that it can rotate and revolve while maintaining a fixed interval in a circle.
[0019]
Furthermore, a frictional engagement portion 5b formed on the power roller 5 and a frictional engagement portion formed on the slope of the planetary roller 4 having a solid structure and a tapered roller whose diameter is reduced in a direction away from the flange 7a. As shown in FIG. 2, 4b are arranged so as to be able to rotate and revolve while mutually supporting each other by the frictional engagement portions S adjacent to each other. A convex contact portion 4a is formed at the left end corner of the planetary roller 4, and a convex contact portion 4c is formed at the other right end corner.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 3, members for aligning and rotatably holding the respective friction transmission rollers that have been widely used in the related art, such as a planet carrier, a rotating shaft, a bearing, and a flexible ring, can be omitted. The distance of the line segment where the friction engagement members housed in the housing 1 are in rolling contact with each other is set longer than the axial length and diameter of the device. Thereby, an increase in transmission torque is achieved. A frictional engaging portion 3a formed on the planetary roller 4, a frictional engaging portion 4b formed on the planetary roller 4, a frictional engaging portion 5b formed on the power roller 5, and a guide. The extended line of the generatrix formed on the frictional engagement portion 6a of the ring 6 is formed so as to converge at substantially one point on a common center line C2 drawn by the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 7. As a result, the difference in the orbiting speed between the friction engagement portions is set to a value close to zero, and the spin and rolling resistance of each friction engagement portion are suppressed, thereby improving the transmission efficiency and durability.
[0021]
FIG. 4 shows a sun roller 3, a planetary roller 4, a power roller 5, a guide, and a sun roller 3 provided on an input shaft 2 rotatably mounted at the center of a housing 1, which constitutes the transmission of the present invention as described above. FIG. 3 is a skeleton diagram illustrating a friction wheel mechanism including a ring 6, an external gear 5c, and an output shaft 7 connected to an internal gear 7b as a planetary differential gear mechanism. In such a friction wheel mechanism, the speed ratio H of the rotation speed N of the output shaft 7 to the rotation speed n of the input shaft 2 is obtained from the following relational expression (1).
The relational expression (1) is expressed as follows: H = N / n = {M (P2R1-P1R2)} / {P1R2 (R1-M)}
It is expressed as
Here, M is the diameter of the center roller 3, R1 is the diameter of the locus drawn by the engaging portion 6a, R2 is the number of teeth of the internal gear 7b, P1 is the diameter of the locus drawn by the engaging portion 5b, and P2 is Represents the number of teeth of the external gear 5c.
[0022]
From the above relational expressions, by appropriately selecting the dimensions of each part, for example, a gear ratio of about 1/5 to 1/15 suitable as a reduction gear for a cogeneration system is set, or a machine using a gas turbine engine is used. It can be easily set from a small gear ratio of about 1/3 for driving to 1/100 of an extremely large gear ratio, and can cope with a wide range of reduction ratios.
[0023]
In this embodiment, the frictional engagement portion 6a formed on the inner periphery of the guide ring 6 is constantly urged in the direction of the flange 7a by the disc spring 6, and the pressing force acting on the slope of the frictional engagement portion 6a is reduced. , Transmitted to the frictional engagement portion 5b of the power roller 5, further transmitted to the planetary roller 4, and the frictional engagement portion 4b is pressed against the frictional engagement portion 3a of the sun roller 3, so that each of the frictional engagement portions always has an appropriate amount. Since the pressing force is applied, the engagement and alignment of the rollers are reliably maintained. When the input shaft 2 is rotated, the external gear 7b is rotated according to the above-mentioned relational expression (1), and a torque is output from the output shaft 7. This torque is also transmitted to the cam 12 via the above-described friction engagement portions, and the pressing force proportional to the magnitude of the transmitted torque is increased by the action of the cam mechanism provided in the cam 12 so that the friction The power roller 5 is pressed by the component directed toward the center line C2 and the component directed toward the flange 7a from the joining portion 6a, and the pressing force prevents the power roller 5 from moving in the direction of the flange 7a. In the state where the convex contact portion 4a is in contact with the projection 5a, the pressing force is further transmitted from the friction engagement portion 5b to the sun roller 3 via the friction engagement portion 4b of the planetary roller 4. At the same time, the convex contact portion 4c is brought into contact with the concave contact portion 3b, and the planetary roller 4 is prevented from moving in the direction of the flange 7a. As a result, the initial arrangement of the above-described rollers is ensured, and the torque is reliably transmitted.
[0024]
The thrust load generated by the slope of the friction engagement portion is applied by an angular ball bearing 8a having excellent adaptability to high-speed rotation interposed between the large end portion 2a and the flange 7a of the input shaft, and is input at an extremely high speed. The thrust load is reduced by the large-diameter tapered roller bearing 9 interposed between the output shaft 7 that is reduced in speed and driven at low speed and the bearing housing 1c. The transmission is constituted by a small number (four) of bearings so as to support all the thrust loads acting on the transmission, thereby reducing the internal loss of power and the cost.
[0025]
Next, a transmission according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the following embodiments are based on the same principle as the above-described embodiments, and the same members as those in the above-described embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0026]
The difference between the transmission of the first embodiment and the transmission of the second embodiment is that the friction engagement portions are pressed against each other in accordance with the magnitude of the torque transmitted by the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 7. The cam 12 used as a means for controlling the pressing force to be applied and the flange 5a provided on the power roller 5 are omitted, so that the frictional engagement portion is further expanded in the existing space to increase the transmission capacity, and the structure of the transmission. To reduce costs and weight.
[0027]
As shown in FIG. 5, the arrangement of the transmission member and the transmission path of the power in this embodiment are the same as in the above-described embodiment, and when the input shaft 2 is driven by an external drive source, the rotation of the input shaft 2 is transmitted from the sun roller 3 to the planetary. A helical internal gear 7c that meshes with a helical external gear 5d via a guide ring 6 that is transmitted to the roller 4 and is non-rotatably mounted on the inner periphery of the power roller 5 and the housing 1 by, for example, a spline (not shown). Therefore, the gear is shifted according to the above relational expression (1), and a large torque is output at a low speed from the output shaft 7 integrally formed with the helical internal gear 7c. During operation of the transmission, the helical external gear 5d and the helical internal gear 7c are driven via the transmission path according to the magnitude of the transmitted torque and the reduction ratio. The driving torque is adjusted so that a reaction force, that is, a thrust is generated according to the winding direction and the torsion angle of the tooth trace formed on the helical external gear 5d and the helical internal gear 7c and the magnitude of the transmission torque. Is set. As described above, the output shaft 7 integrally formed with the helical internal gear 7c is provided with the large-diameter tapered roller bearing disposed in the bearing accommodating portion 1c provided in the housing 1. A gear 7c is incorporated to prevent movement in the direction of the bearing housing 1c. For this reason, the power roller 5 is urged toward the lid 1a by the thrust, and the force of pressing the slope formed on the friction engagement portion 5b against the slope formed on the friction engagement portion 6a is transmitted. The power roller 5 is deflected in the direction of the center line C2 by an urging force according to the magnitude of the torque, and the planetary roller 4 adjacent to the power roller 5 is pressed by the sun roller 3. As described above, the pressing force by the thrust and the effect of the traction oil increase the engaging force of each frictional engagement portion, thereby suppressing slippage, and making it possible to form a lightweight, low-cost transmission with a simple structure.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the super-high-speed rotation transmission unit on the input side uses a friction transmission planetary roller with smooth rotation, low vibration and noise and excellent transmission efficiency, and the gear side on the output side that outputs large torque at low speed. And a planet carrier, a rotating shaft, a bearing, a flexible ring, etc., which are configured to draw out the respective characteristics using a conventional transmission and align and rotate each transmission roller used in the conventional transmission, are omitted. To simplify the structure of the transmission, reduce weight and cost, produce a transmission with low noise and vibration, and excellent transmission efficiency, reduce waste of resources and energy, and reduce environmental degradation. Even small amounts can be suppressed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a transmission according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1. FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view in which the present transmission is simplified as a planetary gear set. FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a transmission according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Explanation of code]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Housing 1a Lid 1b Body 1c Bearing accommodation part 2 Input shaft 2a Large end C2 Center line of input shaft and output shaft 3 Sun roller 3a Friction engagement part 3b Concave contact part 3c Collar part 4 Planetary roller 4a Convex contact Contact part 4b Friction engagement part 4c Convex contact part C4 Center line 5 of planetary roller 5 Power roller 5a Flange part 5b Concave contact part 5c Friction engagement part 5d External gear 5e Helical external gear C5 Center line of power roller 6 Guide ring 6a Friction engagement part 7 Output shaft 7a Flange 7b Internal gear 7c Helical internal gear 8 Deep groove ball bearing 8a Angular contact ball bearing 9 Tapered roller bearing 9a Needle roller bearing 10 Cam 11 Disc spring 12 Oil seal 12a Oil seal S contact

Claims (4)

A sun roller having a friction engagement portion on the slope of the conical outer peripheral portion and a flange at the end portion,
A plurality of planetary rollers having a frictional engagement portion on the outer peripheral portion of the tapered roller-shaped slope that is arranged and driven in the circumferential direction of the sun roller,
The same number of these planetary rollers are provided, a friction engagement portion is provided on an outer peripheral portion of a conical slope, and an outer gear is provided on a side portion which meshes with an internal gear rotating integrally with the output shaft. A power roller supported by a lee roller and rotationally driven by these two planetary rollers;
The rotating shafts of these power rollers are arranged in the circumferential direction of the sun roller on tapered frictional engagement portions formed on the inner periphery of a cylinder having a diameter larger than the circular orbit formed on the outer periphery of the sun roller. A guide ring that holds the planetary roller and the power roller at equal intervals is non-rotatably disposed concentrically with the rotation axis of the sun roller on the inner periphery of the housing,
A friction engagement portion formed on the sun roller, a friction engagement portion formed on the planetary roller and the power roller, and an extension of these generatrix formed on the friction engagement portion of the guide ring are arranged concentrically. The input and output axes are configured to converge at approximately one point on a common center line,
Between the inside of the frictional engagement portion formed on the guide ring and the peripheral portion of the frictional engagement portion formed on the sun roller, the planetary roller and the power roller are adjacent to each other at the frictional engagement portions. A preload mechanism that supports and applies a pressing force to the frictional engagement portion so as to maintain the alignment and engagement of the planetary roller and the power roller, and the frictional engagement with the pressure contact force according to the magnitude of the transmission torque. A pressing mechanism for urging the part,
The rotation input to the sun roller is transmitted to the planetary rollers, the adjacent power rollers are driven by the rotation of these planetary rollers, and the rotation transmitted to these power rollers is transmitted to the guide ring and the external gear. A transmission from the internal gear via the internal gear. The transmission according to claim 1, wherein the preload mechanism includes an elastic member interposed between the housing and the guide ring and biasing the sun roller in an axial direction. The pressing mechanism is interposed between the housing and the guide ring, urges the sun roller in an axial direction, and controls a pressing force for pressing the respective friction engagement portions in accordance with a magnitude of a transmission torque. The transmission according to claim 2, further comprising a cam that moves. The pressing mechanism forms an internal gear that rotates integrally with the output shaft into a helical internal gear, and an external gear provided on a side portion of the power roller meshed with the helical internal gear. Formed on the external gear, the rotation direction of the sun roller and the helical internal gear, and the winding direction of the tooth helical in the helical external gear, the thrust generated on the helical gear by the driving torque, the guide 3. The transmission according to claim 2, wherein the transmission is urged in the direction of the ring, and the pressing force for pressing the friction engagement portion is controlled according to the magnitude of the transmission torque.

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