JP2004097131A - Culture soil of modified coconut dust - Google Patents

Culture soil of modified coconut dust Download PDF

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JP2004097131A
JP2004097131A JP2002265808A JP2002265808A JP2004097131A JP 2004097131 A JP2004097131 A JP 2004097131A JP 2002265808 A JP2002265808 A JP 2002265808A JP 2002265808 A JP2002265808 A JP 2002265808A JP 2004097131 A JP2004097131 A JP 2004097131A
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Prior art keywords
coconut dust
phosphoric acid
soil
dust
modified
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kenichi Tane
種子 健一
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Nippon Chiko Co Ltd
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Nippon Chiko Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide culture soil of modified coconut dust, capable of favorably promoting germination and growth of a plant without having bad influence upon the plant in the culture soil using coconut dust as a main raw material. <P>SOLUTION: In the culture soil, the coconut dust is modified by a culture soil-modifying agent containing one or more compounds selected from phosphoric acid and phosphoric acid salts. Particularly, the modified coconut dust is obtained by carrying out decaying treatment of coconut dust with phosphoric acid or the phosphoric acid salt, adjusting pH of the treating solution to an adequate value by calcium hydroxide or a calcium salt and stabilizing pH of the treating liquid in an adequate value by both or either one of calcium carbonate and dolomite. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ココヤシダストを主原料とする改質培土(以下、「ココヤシダスト改質培土」と云う)に係り、植物に悪影響を与えることなく植物の発芽や成長を良好に促進させることができるココヤシダスト改質培土に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、農園芸用や造園土木用の作物、草花、緑化樹木等の混合培土の有機質資材としては、ピートモス、バーク或いはココヤシダスト等が使用され、無機質資材としては、パーライトや赤玉土等が使用されている。また、施設園芸における水耕栽培では、ロックウール、バーク或いはココヤシダスト等が作物育成用の培土として使用されている。
【0003】
ところで、ココヤシ・ハスクの長繊維及び短繊維を取り除いた後のココヤシダスト、樹皮叩解物或いは残渣物は、土壌中で生分解し難く、乾燥時の撥水性が低く、また保水・保肥力が高い等の理由で培土原料としての優れた性質を有するものであるが、ココヤシダストを主原料とする培土には塩分が多量に含まれるため、植物の育成に悪影響を与えるという欠点があった。このような塩分の除去には、ココヤシダストを少なくとも1〜2年間、野外に放置する必要があるため、ココヤシダストによる改質培土を短期間で大量生産することは不可能であった。
【0004】
一方、水耕栽培においては、多量に水分が使用され、常に培土が洗われているため、ココヤシダストの塩類や含有有機質の生分解性は問題とされないが、緩効性肥料を用いた土耕ベースの施設園芸において、C/N比の高いココヤシダストを培土として使用すると、含有有機質の微生物分解により炭素源に比べて窒素源が不足するため、作物の窒素飢餓を引き起こし、生長遅延、収穫量の低下を招く原因となる。
【0005】
従って、従来、ココヤシダストの多くは産業廃棄物として処理されていたが、近年になって硫酸第一鉄等の鉄塩で化学促成処理されてなるブラックココと称される改質培土(特開2000−23560公報)が市場に出回るようになっている。しかしながら、このブラックココは、窒素不足による窒素飢餓の解消には至っておらず、硫酸イオンによる急激な培土の酸性化及び還元状態での硫化水素の発生によって作物の根が損傷するという欠点を有する。
【0006】
また、硫酸第一鉄で化学処理されたブラックココを原料とする培土は、作物に深刻なリン不足を起こして生育不良を生じ、またカルシウム不足を起こして例えばトマトのしり腐れ病を発生し、さらに硫化水素(HS)を発生して作物に異臭を生じたり、鉄分(Fe)のために作物が赤変する原因となっていた。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、以上のような問題点を解消するためになされたもので、ココヤシダストを主原料とする培土において、植物に悪影響を及ぼすことなく、植物の発芽や成長を良好に促進させることができるココヤシダスト改質培土を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の問題点を解消するために、本発明における請求項1のココヤシダスト改質培土は、リン酸またはリン酸塩から選ばれる1種以上を含む培土改質剤によりココヤシダストを改質したことを特徴とする。
【0009】
また、本発明における請求項2記載のココヤシダスト改質培土は、請求項1において、リン酸またはリン酸塩により腐熟化処理を行った後、水酸化カルシウムまたはカルシウム塩により適正なpH値に調整し、かつ炭酸カルシウム及びドロマイトの両方又はいずれか一方により適正なpH値に安定化させたココヤシダストよりなることを特徴とする。
【0010】
即ち、本発明の改質培土は、リン酸又はリン酸塩により腐熟化され、水酸化カルシウム又はカルシウム塩の添加により適正pH(例えば、pH6.0〜7.0)の範囲に調整されたココヤシダスト改質培土である。
【0011】
本発明において腐熟化促進剤として用いるリン酸水溶液は、工業用として0.05%(V/V)濃度のものでpH2.5付近というpH域であり、培土のpH調整工程において直接皮膚等に付着しても硫酸或いは硝酸等の鉱酸に比較して極めて安全である。
また、0.02〜0.06%(V/V)程度の希釈濃度のリン酸処理、それに続く水酸化カルシウムによるpH調整を効果的に行い、さらにドロマイトと炭酸カルシウにより安定化した適性pHを保持することができる。
【0012】
ここで、リン酸によるココヤシダストの腐熟化方法について述べる。この場合のリン酸は、0.02〜0.06%(V/V)の濃度範囲で用いるのが好ましい。一般に、の濃度範囲のリン酸によってココヤシダストを腐熟化し、pH5.5〜6.5の範囲に調整することができる。正確には、原料となるココヤシダストのpH、水分及びEC値に応じて適宜対応する。
【0013】
次いで、水酸化カルシウムにより改質培土としてpH6.0〜7.0の範囲でpH調整を行う。この調整時間は通常30〜60分であるが、機械的に攪拌を加えること煮より、より短時間でpH調整を完了することができる。
【0014】
次に、固液分離・乾燥を行う。固液分離は、濾過、遠心分離又は傾斜法等により行うことができる。固液分離で得られた湿潤ケーキを風乾または加熱(例えば、80°C前後)で乾燥し、恒量にまで至らせる。また、固液分離で生じた液相は、そのまま再使用することができ、液相にリン酸又はリン酸塩を追加して再使用することもできる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施例について説明する。
(実施例1)
まず、85%濃度のリン酸水溶液(工業用)を試供した。即ち、リン酸としてそれぞれ80ml、85ml、95ml、100mlを準備し、未処理のココヤシダストを300Lづつ、これにそれぞれpH6.5、EC値0.2mS/cmの地下水200L、270L、230L、300Lを加え、15分間機械により混合攪拌した。
上記において、腐熟化促進剤として用いるリン酸水溶液は、工業用として0.03%(V/V)程度の希釈濃度のリン酸処理、これに続く水酸化カルシウムによるpH調整をきわめて効果的に行うことができる。
【0016】
次に、水酸化カルシウム320g、350g、500g、450g並びに炭酸カルシウム120g、150g、0g、150gを加え、さらに15分間機械により混合攪拌した。
【0017】
この混合攪拌後、攪拌機から固形分を取り出し、コンクリートを打設した乾燥場で24時間天日乾しを行い、さらにドロマイト200g、170g、450g、150gを加え、手で十分攪拌した。このようにして得られたそれぞれの試料ココヤシダストNo.1〜No.4について、pHを次の方法で測定した。
【0018】
ビーカーにそれぞれの試料のココヤシダスト5gを秤取り、これに蒸留水100mlを添加、ガラス棒で十分攪拌した後、濾過した浸漬液のpHをガラス電極法で測定した。このpH値をリン酸腐熟化処理並びに水酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム及びドロマイトによるpH調整後の改質ココヤシダストのpH値とした。
【0019】
実施例1(ココヤシダスト、水、リン酸、水酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム及びドロマイト使用量)での改質ココヤシダストのpH値及びEC値は、表1に示す通りである。
【表1】

Figure 2004097131
【0020】
上記の表1から明らかなように、原料のココヤシダストは、含有量換算で約0.02〜0.06%の希薄なリン酸溶液で効果的に腐熟化された。また、水酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム及びドロマイトにより容易にpH調整することができ、本発明のココヤシダスト改質培土を得ることができた。
【0021】
以下に、上記の実施例で得られたココヤシダスト改質培土No.1〜No.4におけるコマツナの発芽率に及ぼす影響を調べた。その方法は、ガラス製ペトリ皿(直径9cm)にろ紙1枚を敷き、上記の各ココヤシダスト改質培土の加熱抽出液を5ml入れ、これに種子40粒を蒔いた。そして、25℃、3000Lux、16時間日長の培養室にペトリ皿を静置し、5日後に発芽している個体数を発芽数とした。この試験を繰り返し10回行い、合計10回のうち、最高及び最低の発芽数を除き、8反復の結果を集計した。未処理のココヤシダスト培土の加熱抽出液及び蒸留水のそれぞれについても同様の発芽試験を行った。
【0022】
その結果、未処理のココヤシダスト培土の発芽率は70%、蒸留水による発芽率は77%、本発明によるココヤシダスト改質培土の発芽率は85%以上という結果を得ることができた。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、植物や微生物に利用可能なリン酸又は可溶性リン酸塩から選ばれる1種以上を含む腐熟化促進剤、その後の水酸化カルシウム又はカルシウム塩によるpH調整、及びドロマイトと炭酸カルシウムによるpH値の安定化を達成したココヤシダスト改質培土は、ココヤシダストに含まれるフェノール類等が結合した有害有機酸の分解を促進し、同時に、土壌中での生分解性(現象としては窒素飢餓)を抑制することが可能となる。
【0024】
さらに、本発明のココヤシダスト改質培土によれば、植物に不足するリン酸、カルシウム及びマグネシウム等も十分に供給することができる。
【0025】
本発明において、改質培土の主原料であるココヤシダストの腐熟化促進剤として用いるリン酸水溶液は、濃度的にも極めて安全に扱うことができ、さらにはそれに続く水酸化カルシウムによるpH調整を極めて効果的に行うことができる。
【0026】
また、本発明においては、リン酸、水酸化カルシウムの精製度が低いものであっても培土のpH調整を行うことができる。従って、低コストかつ簡便な方法で容易に改質培土を製造することができる。
【0027】
さらに、本発明の改質培土は、上記のように植物の発芽向上及び生育促進に極めて有効である上、リン酸のキレート作用により、無機栄養源の可溶化が促進されるため、植物の成長や有用な土壌微生物の増殖促進効果が得られる。
【0028】
以上の本発明によるココヤシダスト改質培土は、施設園芸等の農業用土壌、或いは造園土木の植栽分野等の植物栽培全般の土壌改良剤として好適するものである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to modified soil using coconut dust as a main raw material (hereinafter referred to as “coconut dust modified soil”), and can favorably promote germination and growth of plants without adversely affecting plants. This is related to coconut dust modified soil.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, peat moss, bark or coconut dust and the like are used as organic materials for mixed cultivation such as crops for agricultural and horticultural use and landscaping civil engineering, flowers and greening trees, and pearlite and red clay are used as inorganic materials. ing. In hydroponic cultivation in greenhouse horticulture, rock wool, bark, coconut dust and the like are used as cultivation soil for growing crops.
[0003]
By the way, coconut husk, coconut dust after removing long fibers and short fibers, bark beaten product or residue is hard to biodegrade in soil, has low water repellency when dried, and has high water retention and fertilizing power. Although it has excellent properties as a cultivation material for such reasons, cultivation using coconut dust as a main material has a disadvantage that it adversely affects plant growth because it contains a large amount of salt. In order to remove such salt, it is necessary to leave the coconut dust outdoors for at least one to two years, so that it was impossible to mass-produce the modified soil with the coconut dust in a short period of time.
[0004]
On the other hand, in hydroponic cultivation, a large amount of water is used and soil is constantly washed, so the biodegradability of the salts and organic matter contained in coconut dust is not a problem, but soil cultivation using slow-release fertilizers is not a problem. When coconut dust with a high C / N ratio is used as cultivation soil in base-based greenhouse horticulture, a nitrogen source becomes insufficient compared with a carbon source due to microbial decomposition of contained organic matter, causing nitrogen starvation of crops, delaying growth, and yield. Causes a decrease in
[0005]
Therefore, conventionally, most of coconut dust has been treated as industrial waste, but in recent years, a modified soil called black coco which has been chemically forcibly treated with an iron salt such as ferrous sulfate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open 2000-23560) is on the market. However, this black coco has not been able to eliminate nitrogen starvation due to lack of nitrogen, and has a drawback that roots of crops are damaged due to rapid acidification of soil culture by sulfate ions and generation of hydrogen sulfide in a reduced state.
[0006]
In addition, soil cultivation using black coco chemically treated with ferrous sulfate as a raw material causes a serious phosphorus deficiency in the crop and causes poor growth, and also causes a calcium deficiency and causes, for example, tomato rot disease, Further, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) was generated to cause an unpleasant smell in the crop, and iron (Fe) caused the crop to turn red.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and in cultivation using coconut dust as a main raw material, without adversely affecting plants, satisfactorily promoting germination and growth of plants. It is an object of the present invention to provide a coconut dust-improved culture medium that can be used.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the coconut dust-improved soil of claim 1 of the present invention is obtained by modifying coconut dust with a soil-improving agent containing at least one selected from phosphoric acid and phosphate. It is characterized.
[0009]
In the present invention, the coconut dust-modified soil according to claim 2 is subjected to ripening treatment with phosphoric acid or phosphate and then adjusted to an appropriate pH value with calcium hydroxide or calcium salt. And coconut dust stabilized to an appropriate pH value with calcium carbonate and / or dolomite.
[0010]
That is, the modified soil of the present invention is ripened with phosphoric acid or phosphate, and adjusted to an appropriate pH (for example, pH 6.0 to 7.0) by adding calcium hydroxide or calcium salt. It is a dust improvement soil.
[0011]
The phosphoric acid aqueous solution used as the ripening accelerator in the present invention has a concentration of 0.05% (V / V) for industrial use and has a pH range of around pH 2.5. Even if it adheres, it is extremely safe compared to mineral acids such as sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
In addition, the phosphoric acid treatment at a dilution concentration of about 0.02 to 0.06% (V / V) and the subsequent pH adjustment with calcium hydroxide are effectively performed, and the appropriate pH stabilized with dolomite and calcium carbonate is adjusted. Can be held.
[0012]
Here, a method of ripening coconut dust with phosphoric acid will be described. In this case, phosphoric acid is preferably used in a concentration range of 0.02 to 0.06% (V / V). In general, coconut dust can be ripened with phosphoric acid in a concentration range of and adjusted to a pH in the range of 5.5 to 6.5. Precisely, it responds appropriately according to the pH, moisture and EC value of coconut dust as a raw material.
[0013]
Next, the pH is adjusted as a modified soil with calcium hydroxide in the range of pH 6.0 to 7.0. The adjustment time is usually 30 to 60 minutes, but the pH adjustment can be completed in a shorter time than by boiling with mechanical stirring.
[0014]
Next, solid-liquid separation and drying are performed. The solid-liquid separation can be performed by filtration, centrifugation, a gradient method, or the like. The wet cake obtained by the solid-liquid separation is dried by air drying or heating (for example, around 80 ° C.) to reach a constant weight. In addition, the liquid phase generated by solid-liquid separation can be reused as it is, or phosphoric acid or phosphate can be added to the liquid phase and reused.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described.
(Example 1)
First, an 85% concentration phosphoric acid aqueous solution (for industrial use) was used as a sample. That is, 80 ml, 85 ml, 95 ml, and 100 ml of phosphoric acid were prepared respectively, and 300 L of untreated coconut dust was added thereto, and 200 L, 270 L, 230 L, and 300 L of groundwater having a pH of 6.5 and an EC value of 0.2 mS / cm, respectively. In addition, the mixture was mixed and stirred by a machine for 15 minutes.
In the above description, the phosphoric acid aqueous solution used as the ripening accelerator performs phosphoric acid treatment at a dilution concentration of about 0.03% (V / V) for industrial use, and subsequently effectively adjusts the pH with calcium hydroxide. be able to.
[0016]
Next, 320 g, 350 g, 500 g, and 450 g of calcium hydroxide and 120 g, 150 g, 0 g, and 150 g of calcium carbonate were added, and the mixture was further mixed and stirred by a machine for 15 minutes.
[0017]
After the mixing and stirring, the solid content was taken out from the stirrer, dried in the sun in a drying place where concrete was poured for 24 hours, and further added with 200 g, 170 g, 450 g and 150 g of dolomite, and sufficiently stirred by hand. Each of the sample coconut dust Nos. 1 to No. For 4, the pH was measured by the following method.
[0018]
5 g of coconut dust of each sample was weighed into a beaker, 100 ml of distilled water was added thereto, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred with a glass rod, and the pH of the filtered immersion liquid was measured by a glass electrode method. This pH value was defined as the pH value of the modified coconut dust after the phosphoric acid ripening treatment and the pH adjustment with calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and dolomite.
[0019]
The pH value and EC value of the modified coconut dust in Example 1 (the amount of coconut dust, water, phosphoric acid, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and dolomite used) are as shown in Table 1.
[Table 1]
Figure 2004097131
[0020]
As is clear from Table 1 above, the raw coconut dust was effectively ripened with a dilute phosphoric acid solution having a content of about 0.02 to 0.06%. Further, the pH could be easily adjusted with calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and dolomite, and the coconut dust-modified soil of the present invention could be obtained.
[0021]
Hereinafter, the coconut dust-modified soil obtained in the above example No. 1 to No. In Example 4, the effect of Komatsuna on the germination rate was examined. In this method, one filter paper was spread on a glass petri dish (diameter 9 cm), 5 ml of the above-mentioned heated extract of the coconut dust-modified soil was placed, and 40 seeds were sown. Then, the petri dish was allowed to stand still in a culture room at 25 ° C., 3000 Lux, and a photoperiod of 16 hours. This test was repeated 10 times, and the results of 8 replicates were totaled out of the total of 10 times, excluding the highest and lowest germination numbers. The same germination test was carried out for each of the untreated coconut dust culture extract and distilled water.
[0022]
As a result, the germination rate of the untreated coconut dust soil was 70%, the germination rate by distilled water was 77%, and the germination rate of the coconut dust modified soil according to the present invention was 85% or more.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, a ripening accelerator containing at least one selected from phosphoric acid and soluble phosphate available to plants and microorganisms, pH adjustment with calcium hydroxide or calcium salt thereafter, and dolomite and calcium carbonate Coconut dust-modified soil, which has stabilized the pH value of coconut dust, promotes the decomposition of harmful organic acids to which phenols and the like contained in coconut dust are bound, and at the same time, biodegrades in the soil (the phenomenon is nitrogen Hunger).
[0024]
Further, according to the coconut dust modified culture medium of the present invention, phosphoric acid, calcium, magnesium, and the like, which are insufficient for plants, can be sufficiently supplied.
[0025]
In the present invention, the phosphoric acid aqueous solution used as a ripening accelerator for coconut dust, which is a main raw material of the modified soil, can be handled very safely in terms of concentration, and furthermore, the subsequent pH adjustment with calcium hydroxide is extremely difficult. It can be done effectively.
[0026]
Further, in the present invention, even if phosphoric acid or calcium hydroxide has a low degree of purification, the pH of the soil can be adjusted. Therefore, the modified soil can be easily manufactured by a low-cost and simple method.
[0027]
Furthermore, as described above, the modified soil of the present invention is extremely effective in improving germination and promoting growth of plants, and furthermore, the solubilization of inorganic nutrients is promoted by the chelating action of phosphoric acid. And a useful effect of promoting the growth of soil microorganisms.
[0028]
The coconut dust-improved cultivation soil according to the present invention described above is suitable as an agricultural soil for facility horticulture or a soil improvement agent for plant cultivation in general such as in the field of landscaping civil engineering.

Claims (2)

リン酸またはリン酸塩から選ばれる1種以上を含む培土改質剤によりココヤシダストを改質したことを特徴とするココヤシダスト改質培土。A coconut dust modified soil, wherein coconut dust is modified with a soil improving agent containing at least one selected from phosphoric acid and phosphate. リン酸またはリン酸塩により腐熟化処理を行った後、水酸化カルシウムまたはカルシウム塩により適正なpH値に調整し、かつ炭酸カルシウム及びドロマイトの両方又はいずれか一方により適正なpH値に安定化させたココヤシダストよりなることを特徴とする請求項1記載のココヤシダスト改質培土。After ripening treatment with phosphoric acid or phosphate, it is adjusted to an appropriate pH value with calcium hydroxide or calcium salt, and is stabilized to an appropriate pH value with calcium carbonate and / or dolomite. The coconut dust-improved cultivated soil according to claim 1, which is made of coconut dust.
JP2002265808A 2002-09-11 2002-09-11 Culture soil of modified coconut dust Pending JP2004097131A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2439184A1 (en) * 2010-10-05 2012-04-11 Shakti Cocos B.V. Method for producing coco peat plant growth substrate, coco peat plant growth substrate and the use thereof
CN110896824A (en) * 2019-12-24 2020-03-24 陈彩姣 Nutrient seedling substrate for tomatoes

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2439184A1 (en) * 2010-10-05 2012-04-11 Shakti Cocos B.V. Method for producing coco peat plant growth substrate, coco peat plant growth substrate and the use thereof
CN110896824A (en) * 2019-12-24 2020-03-24 陈彩姣 Nutrient seedling substrate for tomatoes

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