JP2004092103A - Tunnel excavation machine and excavation method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent water generated during excavation from infiltrating into excavated earth and enable safe and smooth excavation work and earth removal work and improve the workability of the tunnel excavating work. <P>SOLUTION: A draining device 36 is provided in the rear drum 13 of the excavator body 11 to discharge water such as underground water stored in a space of the excavated wall face (tunnel wall face )G excavated by a cutter head 19 to the outside of the tunnel and also a cut-off ring 47 is provided at the outer peripheral part of the front drum 12 to prevent stored water in the space from leaking to the cutting face side. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator such as a shield excavator that excavates the ground to construct a tunnel, and an excavation method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, an earth pressure shield excavator has a cutter head rotatably mounted at a front portion of a cylindrical excavator body, and the cutter head is rotatable by a drive motor, while the excavator body is advanced to a rear portion. A large number of shield jacks are installed, an erector device that attaches segments to the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel is installed, and a screw conveyor that discharges excavated soil along the front and rear direction of the excavator body is arranged. Have been. Therefore, when the shield jack is extended while rotating the cutter head, the excavator body moves forward by obtaining the reaction force from the existing segment, so that the cutter head excavates the ground in front, and the excavated earth and sand is removed by the screw conveyor. And the erector device assembles segments on the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel to construct a tunnel.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Tunnel excavators are set according to the soil quality of the excavated ground, and when excavating soft ground such as the ocean floor with a lot of moisture, use a muddy shield type excavator and use a general soft soil with little moisture When excavating the ground, it is common to use an earth-pressure shield excavator, and when excavating a rock bed without moisture, use a tunnel boring machine.
[0004]
For example, when excavating a tunnel with an earth-pressure shield excavator, the excavated earth and sand are filled in the front of the cutter head and the chamber and pressurized to stabilize the face so that it does not collapse, and the soil corresponding to the propulsion amount of the excavator. The amount is discharged by a screw conveyor. However, even when the earth pressure type shield excavator excavates general soft ground with low moisture, groundwater etc. travels along the surrounding ground and the gap between the excavator body and the excavation wall (tunnel wall) excavated by the cutter head. May flow into Then, when water flows between the excavator body and the tunnel wall surface, the water flows to the front face and mixes with the excavated earth and sand. Then, the water content of the excavated earth and sand increases and it becomes soft earth and sand, and a predetermined amount of earth and sand cannot be discharged by the screw conveyor, and moisture is removed from the earth and sand that is being carried out by the screw conveyor and leaks into the excavator body. There is a problem of doing. Further, when the excavated earth becomes soft earth, the soft earth cannot be filled in the front of the cutter head and the chamber, and there is a possibility that the face may collapse.
[0005]
The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and prevents water from being mixed during excavation by discharging water generated during excavation at an early stage, thereby enabling safe and smooth excavation work and earth removal work. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel excavator and an excavation method for improving workability of tunnel excavation work.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tunnel excavator having a tubular excavator body, a cutter mounted on a front portion of the excavator body, and a propulsion for moving the excavator body forward. A jack, and drainage means for discharging water collected in the space between the excavator body and the excavation wall excavated by the cutter to the outside.
[0007]
In this case, it is desirable that water accumulated in the space between the excavator body and the excavation wall surface be sucked into the excavator body from the water absorption hole and discharged to the outside using a pump or piping. In this case, the excavator main body is provided with a water stopping means in front of the drainage means to prevent water in the space between the excavator main body and the excavation wall from flowing to the cutter head side, thereby performing the earth discharging operation. It can be done properly.
[0008]
In the tunnel excavator according to the second aspect of the present invention, the drainage means includes a water suction hole for sucking water accumulated between the excavator body and the excavation wall surface into the excavator body, and the excavator from the water absorption hole. A drain pump for discharging water sucked into the main body to the outside of the tunnel.
[0009]
In the tunnel excavator according to the third aspect of the present invention, a storage tank is provided along an outer peripheral portion or an inner peripheral portion of the excavator body, and the water suction hole and the drainage pump are connected to the storage tank. I have.
[0010]
A tunnel excavator according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a water-stop ring for stopping water between the excavator body and the excavation wall surface is mounted on an outer peripheral portion of a front end of the excavator body.
[0011]
In a tunnel excavator according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the water stop ring is supported movably along a radial direction of the excavator body.
[0012]
Further, the tunnel excavation method of the invention according to claim 6 is configured such that when the excavator body is advanced while rotating the cutter to excavate a tunnel, water flowing between the excavator body and the excavated wall surface excavated by the cutter is removed. It is characterized by discharging to the outside.
[0013]
The tunnel excavation method according to the invention of claim 7 is characterized in that the water flowing between the excavator body and the excavation wall surface is discharged to the outside while preventing the water from flowing out to the face.
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0015]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross section of a tunnel excavator according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic cross section of a drainage device applied to the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 shows a cross section.
[0016]
In the earth pressure type shield excavator of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the excavator main body 11 has a cylindrical shape, and a front body 12 and a rear body 13 having substantially the same diameter are provided via a spherical bearing 14 and a rotating shaft 15. It is configured to be connected to bend freely. A plurality of center folding jacks 16 are provided between the front trunk 12 and the rear trunk 13, and the direction of excavator main body 11 can be changed by the extension and contraction operation of the center folding jack 16. A rotary body 17 is rotatably supported at the front of the front body 12, and a cutter head 19 is mounted on the rotary body 17 via three connecting beams 18. The cutter head 19 has a plurality of radial spokes 20, a large number of cutter bits 21 are fixed on both sides of each spoke 20, and a copy cutter 22 can be freely protruded and retracted at the outer peripheral end of the spoke 20 by a hydraulic jack 23. It has become.
[0017]
A ring gear 24 is fixed to the rear part of the cutter head 19, while a plurality of cutter turning motors 25 are attached to the front body 12, and a drive gear 26 of the drive motor 25 meshes with the ring gear 24. Accordingly, when the cutter turning motor 25 is driven, the driving gear 26 rotates the cutter head 19 via the ring gear 24, and the ground ahead can be excavated by the cutter bit 21. By extending the hydraulic jack 23 and projecting the copy cutter 22, the ground outside the cutter head 19 can be excavated.
[0018]
A chamber 28 is formed between the cutter head 19 and the bulkhead 27 by attaching a bulkhead 27 to the front body 12 behind the cutter head 19. A screw conveyor 29 is disposed in the excavator main body 11 in a forwardly inclined posture, and a front end of the screw conveyor 29 is located in the chamber 28 through the bulkhead 27. A plurality of stirring blades 30 are fixed to the rear of the cutter head 19, and a plurality of fixed blades 31 are fixed to the front of the bulkhead 27. The excavated earth and sand can be stirred by the stirring blade 30 and the fixed blade 31. A rotary joint 32 is attached to the center of the bulkhead 27, and electrical wiring, hydraulic hoses, and the like are connected between the excavator body 11 and the cutter head 19 through the rotary joint 32.
[0019]
A plurality of shield jacks 33 are arranged in the rear trunk 13 in the circumferential direction along the circumferential direction. The shield jacks 33 are extended rearward in the digging direction and the spreader 34 is pressed against the existing segment S. The excavator body 11 can be moved forward by the reaction force. An unillustrated erector device 35 for assembling the segments S into a ring is mounted on the rear end of the rear trunk 13.
[0020]
In the present embodiment, there is provided a drainage device 36 for discharging water such as groundwater accumulated in the space between the excavator body 11 and the excavation wall surface (tunnel wall surface) G excavated by the cutter head 19 to the outside of the tunnel. In this drainage device 36, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a housing 37 is fixed to the front portion of the rear trunk 13 of the excavator body 11 in a ring shape along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface thereof. . A plurality of water absorption holes 38 are formed in the housing 37 in the circumferential direction so as to extend in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The water absorption holes 38 are connected at their base ends to storage tanks 39 formed along the circumferential direction of the housing 37 and communicate with each other. 40 are formed. In this case, since water easily accumulates in the lower part of the space, it is desirable to form many water absorption holes 38 in the lower part of the excavator body 11, but they may be formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in consideration of manufacturability. .
[0021]
On the other hand, a connection hole 41 is formed in one or more positions corresponding to the storage tank 39 in the excavator body 11, and a drain pipe 42 is connected to the connection hole 41. The drain pipe 42 is provided with a filter 43 for removing mud, an on-off valve 44 and a drain pump 45 for discharging water in the storage tank 39 to the outside. Has been extended. The drain pipe 42 is detachable by being divided by a joint 46 provided in the middle.
[0022]
Accordingly, when the on-off valve 44 is opened and the drain pump 45 is driven, the space between the excavator body 11 and the excavation wall surface G via the drain pipe 42, the connection hole 41, the storage tank 39, the water suction hole 38, the water suction opening 40 and the like. No pressure acts on the space, and the water accumulated in this space is sucked into the storage tank 39 from the water absorption opening 40 through the water absorption hole 38, the foreign matter is removed by the filter 43, and then discharged to the outside by the drain pipe 42. it can.
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 1, a water stop ring 47 is fixed to a front portion of the front body 12 of the excavator body 11 along an outer circumferential surface thereof in a circumferential direction, and the water stop ring 47 has a tapered shape. None, the cutter head 19 comes into contact with the excavated wall surface G, so that water accumulated in the space between the excavator body 11 and the excavated wall surface G can be prevented from leaking to the face side.
[0024]
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the water suction opening 40 communicating with each water absorption hole 38 is formed only in the rear end of the housing 37 in the drainage device 36, but as shown in FIG. May be formed with a plurality of water absorption openings 48 communicating with the water absorption holes 38.
[0025]
Here, a tunnel excavation operation by the shield excavator according to the above-described embodiment will be described. In order to excavate and form a tunnel, as shown in FIG. 1, first, while rotating the cutter head 19 by the cutter turning motor 25, the shield jack 33 is extended to obtain the excavation reaction force from the existing segment S to obtain the excavator body. 11 is advanced. Then, many cutter bits 21 of the rotating cutter head 19 excavate the ground in front to form a tunnel.
[0026]
The earth and sand generated by the ground excavation of the cutter head 19 is taken into the chamber 28, and the earth and sand is agitated by the wings 30 and 31 that move with the rotation of the cutter head 19, and the mud discharged from the injection hole (not shown). By appropriately kneading the material, the plastic fluidization of the excavated earth and sand in the chamber 28 is promoted, and the screw conveyor 29 can properly discharge the soil. In this case, by excavating the amount of earth and sand corresponding to the amount of excavation by the cutter head 19 using the screw conveyor 29, the excavated earth and sand can be filled in the chamber 28 and pressurized to stabilize the face.
[0027]
During such excavation work, groundwater in the surrounding ground may flow into the space between the excavator body 11 and the tunnel wall G, and this water flows in front of the excavator body 11 and mixes with the excavated earth and sand. There is a risk that the ground excavation work, the earth and sand discharge work, etc. may be damaged, or may flow behind the excavator body 11 and leak into the machine from between the tail seal 49 and the existing segment S. Therefore, water accumulated in the space between the excavator body 11 and the tunnel wall G is discharged to the outside of the tunnel by the drainage device 36. In this case, the drainage device 36 may be operated by detecting water in the space between the excavator body 11 and the tunnel wall G by a sensor (not shown).
[0028]
That is, when water accumulates in the space between the excavator main body 11 and the tunnel wall G, the on-off valve 44 is opened to drive the drain pump 45, and the water is discharged through the drain pipe 42, the storage tank 39, the water suction hole 38, and the like. Apply no pressure to the space. Then, the water accumulated in the space due to the non-pressure is sucked into the storage tank 39 from the water absorption opening 40 through the water absorption hole 38, and the foreign matter such as mud is removed by the filter 43, and then discharged outside through the drain pipe 42. . At this time, water collected in the space between the excavator body 11 and the tunnel wall G is blocked by the water stop ring 47 and does not flow to the cutter head 19 side.
[0029]
Therefore, the groundwater of the surrounding ground that has flowed into the space between the excavator body 11 and the tunnel wall G does not flow toward the cutter head 19 and does not flow into the face. The conveyor can prevent poor earth and sand discharge and collapse of the face due to soft earth and sand. Further, water in the space does not flow toward the tail side and leak into the machine from between the tail seal 49 and the existing segment S.
[0030]
As described above, in the earth-pressure shield excavator of the present embodiment, water such as groundwater accumulated in the space between the excavator main body 11 and the excavation wall surface (tunnel wall) G excavated by the cutter head 19 is formed. A drainage device 36 for discharging water to the outside of the tunnel is provided, and a water stop ring 47 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the front body 12 to prevent leakage of water accumulated in the space portion in contact with the excavation wall surface G to the face side. I have.
[0031]
Therefore, groundwater in the surrounding ground flows into the space between the excavator body 11 and the tunnel wall G, but this water is discharged to the outside by the drainage device 36 while being blocked by the water stop ring 47, and By preventing softening of the excavated earth and sand due to the flow of water, the earth and sand can be satisfactorily discharged by the screw conveyor, and the earth pressure in the chamber 28 can be stabilized to prevent the face from collapsing. In addition, it is possible to prevent water from flowing to the tail side and to prevent water leakage from between the tail seal 49 and the existing segment S into the machine.
[0032]
Further, a ring-shaped housing 37 is fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the rear body 13 by the drainage device 36 to form a large number of water absorption holes 38 and form a storage tank 39 that communicates with the storage tank 39. The drainage pipe 42 is connected, and an on-off valve 44 and a drainage pump 45 are mounted. Therefore, the segment assembling operation can be performed smoothly while minimizing the protrusion into the machine.
[0033]
FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a main part of a tunnel excavator according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Note that members having the same functions as those described in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.
[0034]
In the earth-pressure shield excavator of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the excavator body 11 and the cutter head 19 accumulate in the space between the excavated wall surface (tunnel wall surface) G at the front end of the rear trunk 13. A drainage device 51 for discharging water such as groundwater to the outside of the tunnel is provided. In the drainage device 51, a storage tank 52 is fixed in a ring shape along the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the spherical bearing 14 of the rear body 13, and a plurality of water absorption holes 53 penetrating the spherical bearing 14 are formed. It communicates with the storage tank 52. The water absorption hole 53 is formed over substantially the entire circumference of the spherical bearing 14, and each end is open to the outside of the excavator body 11. In this case, since water easily accumulates in the lower part of the space, it is preferable to form many water absorption holes 53 in the lower part of the excavator body 11.
[0035]
A drain pipe 54 is connected to the storage tank 52 in the rear body 13, and a filter 55, an on-off valve 56, a joint 57, and a drain pump 58 are mounted on the drain pipe 54.
[0036]
Therefore, when the on-off valve 56 is opened and the drain pump 58 is driven, non-pressure acts on the space between the excavator body 11 and the excavation wall surface G via the drain pipe 54, the storage tank 52, the water suction hole 53, and the like. The water accumulated in this space can be sucked into the storage tank 52 through the water absorption hole 53, the foreign matter can be removed by the filter 55, and then discharged to the outside by the drain pipe 54.
[0037]
A casing 60 having a ring-shaped concave portion 59 is fixed to the front body 12 along the circumferential direction, and a ring-shaped rubber waterproof ring 61 is movably fitted in the concave portion 59. are doing. A plurality of pressing jacks 62 are attached to the casing 60 at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction, and the distal end of the drive rod 63 is connected to each support plate 64 fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the water stop ring 61. . In this case, the propulsion resistance may be reduced by forming the outer peripheral surface of the water stop ring 61 into a tapered shape. Therefore, when the pressing jack 62 is extended, the water stop ring 61 housed in the concave portion 59 is pushed outward and extends in the radial direction, and the outer peripheral surface comes into contact with the excavation wall surface G. It is possible to prevent water accumulated in the space with the wall surface G from leaking to the face side.
[0038]
During the excavation work of the earth pressure type shield excavator configured as described above, when the groundwater in the surrounding ground starts flowing into the space between the excavator body 11 and the tunnel wall G, the pressing jack 62 is first extended to stop the water stoppage. By pushing the ring 61 outward and bringing the outer peripheral surface into contact with the excavation wall surface G, the water is blocked by the water stop ring 61 and the flow to the cutter head 19 side is prevented. Subsequently, the on-off valve 56 is opened to drive the drain pump 58 to apply no pressure to this space via the drain pipe 54, the storage tank 52, the water absorption hole 53, and the like. Then, the water accumulated in the space due to the non-pressure is sucked into the storage tank 52 through the water absorption hole 53, and the foreign matter such as mud is removed by the filter 55, and then discharged to the outside through the drain pipe 54.
[0039]
As described above, in the earth pressure type shield excavator of the present embodiment, the ring-shaped storage tank 52 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the spherical bearing 14 of the rear trunk 13, and the spherical bearing 14 penetrates the storage tank 52. The drainage pipe 54 and the drainage pump 58 are connected to the storage tank 52 while the drainage pipe 54 and the drainage pump 58 are connected to the storage tank 52. A water stop ring 64 is movably provided by a pressing jack 62.
[0040]
Therefore, since the storage tank 52 is located inside the machine and eliminates any protruding material outside the machine, the drainage device 51 can perform a smooth excavation work without causing the propulsion resistance of the excavator body 11. By storing the water stop ring 64 in the machine during normal excavation, the water stop ring 64 can also contribute to smooth excavation work without causing the propulsion resistance of the excavator body 11.
[0041]
In each of the above-described embodiments, the drainage devices 36 and 51 are provided on the rear trunk 13. However, the drainage devices 36 and 51 may be provided on the front trunk 12, and can be applied to an excavator body having no front trunk and rear trunk. . Further, depending on the amount of water flowing into the space between the excavator body 11 and the tunnel wall G, the water stop rings 47 and 61 may be omitted, and drainage devices are provided on both the front body 12 and the rear body 13. May be provided.
[0042]
Further, in the above-described embodiment, the tunnel excavator of the present invention is applied to an earth pressure type shield excavator, but may be applied to a mud pressure type shield excavator or a tunnel boring machine.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail in the embodiment, according to the tunnel excavator of the first aspect of the present invention, a cutter is mounted on the front part of the excavator body and can be advanced by the propulsion jack. Drainage means for draining water accumulated in the space between the excavated wall and the excavated wall is provided, so even if groundwater in the surrounding ground flows into the space between the excavator body and the excavated wall, it is discharged to the outside by the drainage means. Therefore, by preventing the excavated soil from softening due to the flow of water to the face, it is possible to discharge the soil well and prevent the face from collapsing, and that water flows to the tail side. To prevent water leakage into the machine, and as a result, the workability of tunnel excavation work can be improved.
[0044]
According to the tunnel excavator of the second aspect of the present invention, the drainage means is provided with a water absorption hole for sucking water accumulated between the excavator main body and the excavation wall surface into the excavator main body, and a water absorption hole from the water absorption hole into the excavator main body. Since the pump is constituted by the drain pump for discharging the sucked water to the outside of the tunnel, the water accumulated in the space between the excavator body and the excavation wall excavated by the cutter can be reliably discharged to the outside with a simple configuration.
[0045]
According to the tunnel excavator according to the third aspect of the present invention, since the storage tank is provided along the outer peripheral portion or the inner peripheral portion of the excavator main body, and the water suction hole and the drainage pump are connected to the storage tank, the water is collected in the space. Water is temporarily collected in a storage tank and then discharged to the outside using a drain pump, so that the drain equipment can be simplified.
[0046]
According to the tunnel excavator according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the water-stop ring for stopping water between the excavator body and the excavation wall is mounted on the outer peripheral portion of the front end of the excavator body, the space between the excavator body and the excavation wall is provided. When a small amount of water accumulates, the flow of water to the face can be prevented only by the water stop ring, and when a large amount of water accumulates in the space, the water stop ring prevents the flow of water to the face. While draining to the outside by the drainage means, the reliability can be improved.
[0047]
According to the tunnel excavator according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the water stop ring is movably supported along the radial direction of the excavator body, so that the water stop ring is accommodated in the machine during normal excavation, and only when necessary. Since the water protrudes outward to stop the water, the water-stop ring does not become the propulsion resistance of the excavator body, so that a smooth excavation operation can be secured.
[0048]
According to the tunnel excavation method of the invention of claim 6, when the excavator body is advanced while rotating the cutter to excavate the tunnel, water flowing between the excavator body and the excavated wall surface excavated by the cutter is removed. Since the water is discharged to the outside, the excavated earth and sand can be prevented from softening due to the flow of water to the face, so that the earth and sand can be discharged well and the face can be prevented from collapsing. Can be prevented from flowing to the tail side to prevent water leakage into the machine, and as a result, the workability of tunnel excavation work can be improved.
[0049]
According to the tunnel excavation method according to the seventh aspect of the invention, the water flowing between the excavator body and the excavation wall surface is discharged to the outside while preventing the water from flowing out to the face. The flow of water to the periphery can be reliably prevented, and a smooth excavation operation can be ensured.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a tunnel excavator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a drainage device applied to the tunnel excavator of the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view illustrating a modification of the drainage device.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a main part of a tunnel excavator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
11 Excavator body 19 Cutter head 25 Cutter turning motor 28 Chamber 29 Screw conveyor 33 Shield jack (propulsion jack)
35 Electa device 36,51 Drainage device 37 Housing 38,53 Water absorption hole 39,52 Storage tank 40,48 Water absorption opening 42,54 Drainage pipe 45,58 Drainage pump 47,61 Water stop ring 62 Press jack G Excavation wall

Claims (7)

An excavator body having a cylindrical shape, a cutter mounted on a front portion of the excavator body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator body, and a space between the excavator body and an excavation wall excavated by the cutter. And a drainage means for discharging water accumulated in the tunnel to the outside. 2. The excavator body according to claim 1, wherein the drainage means includes a water suction hole for sucking water accumulated between the excavator body and the excavation wall surface into the excavator body, and a water sucked into the excavator body from the water absorption hole. And a drain pump for discharging water to the outside of the tunnel. The tunnel excavator according to claim 2, wherein a storage tank is provided along an outer peripheral portion or an inner peripheral portion of the excavator main body, and the water suction hole and the drainage pump are connected to the storage tank. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein a water-stop ring for stopping water between the excavator body and the excavation wall is attached to an outer peripheral portion of a front end of the excavator body. The tunnel excavator according to claim 4, wherein the water stop ring is movably supported along a radial direction of the excavator body. When a tunnel is excavated by advancing an excavator body while rotating a cutter, water flowing between the excavator body and an excavated wall surface excavated by the cutter is discharged to the outside. 7. The tunnel excavation method according to claim 6, wherein the water flowing between the excavator body and the excavation wall surface is discharged to the outside while preventing the water from flowing out to the face.

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