JP2004088904A

JP2004088904A - Variable reluctance motor

Info

Publication number: JP2004088904A
Application number: JP2002246376A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Hirobumi Satomi; 里見　博文
Original assignee: Oriental Motor Co Ltd
Current assignee: Oriental Motor Co Ltd
Priority date: 2002-08-27
Filing date: 2002-08-27
Publication date: 2004-03-18

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a variable reluctance motor having a structure which can generate higher torque with the same winding current value by generating gap magnetic flux necessary in a small winding current. <P>SOLUTION: In a polyphase (m-phase) variable reluctance motor M1, two adjacent stator poles A1, A2 are magnetically coupled, and the two poles A1, A2 are formed in the same phases to rotor teeth 4. A permanent magnet A6 engaged between opposed engaging surfaces A4 and A5 of the two poles A1, A2 forms a pair of P/2 magnetized so that the one pole side becomes an N pole and the other pole side becomes an S pole. When exciting, windings W1, W2 are energized in this motor, the two stator poles A1, A2 in a pair are energized in a heteropolarity, and the magnetomotive force of the magnet A6 and magnetomotive forces of the windings W1, W1 are connected in parallel to cooperatively generate magnetic flux in an air gap. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、可変リラクタンスモータに関し、特に高トルクを発生できる可変リラクタンスモータの新規な磁気構造に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、このタイプの可変リラクタンスモータの磁気構造の例としては、図７に示す構造のものが知られている。
図７において、可変リラクタンスモータ１００のロータ１０２の外周面には円周方向に沿って３２個のロータ歯１０４が配設されており、ステータ１０１は前記ロータ歯１０４と対向する面にそれぞれ２個のステータ小歯１０３を有する１２個のステータ磁極Ｐ１０１，Ｐ１０２，〜Ｐ１１２が等ピッチ角で配設されるとともに、前記ステータ磁極のそれぞれに、１２個の巻線Ｗ１０１，Ｗ１０２，〜Ｗ１１２がそれぞれ巻回されている。
【０００３】
そして、２つ置きの前記ステータ磁極Ｐ１０１，Ｐ１０４，Ｐ１０７，Ｐ１１０にそれぞれ巻回された４個の巻線Ｗ１０１，Ｗ１０４，Ｗ１０７，Ｗ１１０は、図示のように接続されて１つの、例えば第１の相巻線を形成している。残りの前記磁極に巻回されている前記巻線も、同様に接続されて第２，第３の相巻線を形成し、全体として３相の可変リラクタンスモータ１００を構成している。
前記第１の相巻線が励磁されたとき、前記ロータ２は前記励磁相の磁極Ｐ１０１，Ｐ１０４，Ｐ１０７，Ｐ１１０に関し磁気抵抗が最小となる位置、すなわちその励磁相の前記ステータ小歯３と前記ロータ歯４とが整合する図示の位置まで回転する。
【０００４】
そして、順番に周期的に前記第２，第３の励磁相を切換えることにより、ロータ歯数Ｚ_Ｒと前記ステータ１０１の相数ｍで決まる角度（３６０゜／ｍＺ_Ｒ）ずつ回転していく。図示の３相の可変リラクタンスモータ１００の例では３．７５゜ずつ回転していくことになる。
そのため、ＶＲ型ステッピングモータと呼ばれることもある。またロータ位置を検出して励磁を切換える駆動方法も行われており、この場合、スイッチドリラクタンスモータと呼ばれている。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
一般に、前述のような可変リラクタンスモータ１００のトルクを増大させるためには、前記ステータ小歯３と前記ロータ歯４との位置が整合しているときのギャップ磁束を増加させ、磁気随伴エネルギーを大くきくする必要がある。そのための手段として、ギャップ長をできるだけ短くして磁気抵抗を小さくすることはもちろん、その他に漏れ磁束を減らし有効磁束を増やす磁気回路的な工夫を行っている。
その例としては、例えばＵＳ特許第３，９８４，７１１号公報やＵＳ特許第４，４７５，０５１号公報などに開示されている。さらに、ステータ磁極部での起磁力損失を減らして、ギャップ磁束を増やす方法として、方向性電磁鋼板を利用するものが日本国特許第２，５９４，８１３号公報に開示されている。
【０００６】
また、ステータのバックヨーク部に永久磁石を配置して、リラクタンストルクだけでなく、前記永久磁石の磁束と巻線電流の相互作用トルクも利用するようにしたものが、ＵＳ特許第５，６７２，９２５号公報に開示されている。
また、もう一つの有効な手段は電流を増加させる方法であるが、その場合、モータでの熱損失も増加するため、巻線と鉄心間の接触伝熱面積を増加させて放熱効率をよくするものが、日本国特許第２，９６０，１２８号公報に開示されている。
【０００７】
本発明の目的は、前記のような方法とは全く異なった技術思想に基づき、できるだけ少ない巻線電流で必要なギャップ磁束を発生させることにより、同じ巻線電流値で比較した場合に、より高トルクを発生し得る構造を有する可変リラクタンスモータを提供することにある。
【０００８】
本発明の他の目的は、内部に永久磁石を備え、該永久磁石が有する磁気的エネルギーを、磁極の励磁を介して有効に活用する磁気構造により高トルクを発生し得る安価な可変リラクタンスモータを提供することにある。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するための本発明の構成は、ロータのステータと対向する面にロータとステータの相対運動方向に沿って複数個のロータ歯が等間隔に配設されるロータと、エアギャップを介して該ロータ歯と対向する面に１個以上のステータ小歯を有する複数Ｐ個のステータ磁極が、前記相対運動方向に沿って配設されるステータとを具備するｍ相可変リラクタンスモータにおいて、互いに隣り合う２個の前記ステータ磁極のそれぞれはバックヨーク部で磁気的に結合され、前記ステータ磁極又は前記バックヨーク部のそれぞれには励磁巻線が巻回され、前記隣り合う２個のステータ磁極のそれぞれは前記ロータ歯に対して同位相に形成されるとともに、該２個のステータ磁極の互いに対向する面の巻線巻回部より前記ロータに近い部分に、永久磁石と係合するための係合面を有し、該係合面間に係合される前記永久磁石は、一方の磁極側との係合面がＮ極、他方の磁極側との係合面がＳ極となるように着磁されるＰ／２個の対を成し、前記励磁巻線が励磁されるとき対をなす前記２個のステータ磁極のそれぞれは互いに異極性に励磁されるとともに、該永久磁石の起磁力と前記励磁巻線による起磁力とが並列接続され協働して前記エアギャップに磁束を発生させ、かつ前記ロータの歯ピッチをτとするとき、隣り合う対における前記２個のステータ磁極のそれぞれは、ロータ歯に対して（ｃ／ｍ）τの位相差をもつように配設される可変リラクタンスモータである。ただし、ｍは３以上の整数で、ｃは、ｍが奇数のとき１以上でｍより小さい整数であり、ｍが偶数のとき１以上でｍより小さい奇数でｍ／２以外のものとする。
【００１０】
前記ロータが円筒形状又は円板形状であって、前記相対運動方向は円周方向で、前記Ｐ／２対の前記ステータ磁極対は等ピッチの７２０°／Ｐで配設されており、ロータ歯数をＺ_Ｒ、ステータ小歯数をｎＳ、ａを１以上の整数とするとき、前記ステータ磁極数Ｐ＝２ａｍで表され、ロータ歯数Ｚ_Ｒは、以下の関係式を満足する可変リラクタンスモータである。ただし、Ｚ_Ｒ＝ａ｛ｍ（ｎ＋ｋ）＋ｃ｝、ｎは、ｎ≧ｎＳ−１を満足する整数、ｋ＝ｎＳ、又はｋ＝ｎＳ＋１である。
【００１１】
ロータのステータと対向する面にロータとステータの相対運動方向に沿って複数個のロータ歯が等間隔に配設されるロータと、エアギャップを介して該ロータ歯と対向する面に１個以上のステータ小歯を有する複数Ｐ個のステータ磁極が、前記相対運動方向に沿うとともに、該相対運動方向と直角な方向に沿って２列に配設されるステータとを具備するｍ相可変リラクタンスモータにおいて、前記相対運動方向と直角な方向に配設された２個のステータ磁極のそれぞれはバックヨーク部で磁気的に結合され、前記ステータ磁極又は前記バックヨーク部のそれぞれには励磁巻線が巻回され、前記２個のステータ磁極のそれぞれは前記ロータ歯に対して同位相に形成されるとともに、該２個のステータ磁極の互いに対向する面の巻線巻回部より前記ロータに近い部分に、永久磁石と係合するための係合面を有し、該係合面間に係合される前記永久磁石は、一方の磁極側との係合面がＮ極、他方の磁極側との係合面がＳ極となるように着磁されるＰ個の対を成し、前記励磁巻線が励磁されるとき対をなす前記２個のステータ磁極のそれぞれは互いに異極性に励磁されるとともに、該永久磁石の起磁力と前記励磁巻線による起磁力とが並列接続され協働して前記エアギャップに磁束を発生させ、かつ前記ロータの歯ピッチをτとするとき、前記相対運動方向に互いに隣り合う前記ステータ磁極のそれぞれは（ｃ／ｍ）τの位相差をもつように配設される可変リラクタンスモータである。ただし、ｍは３以上の整数で、ｃは、ｍが奇数のとき１以上でｍより小さい整数であり、ｍが偶数のとき１以上でｍより小さい奇数でｍ／２以外のものとする。
【００１２】
前記ロータが円筒形状又は円板形状であって、前記相対運動方向は円周方向であり、該相対運動方向と直角な方向は前記ロータが円筒形状の場合は軸方向であり、円板形状の場合は半径方向であって、前記Ｐ個のステータ磁極対は等ピッチの３６０°／Ｐで配設されており、ロータ歯数をＺ_Ｒ、ステータ小歯数をｎＳ、ａを１以上の整数とするとき、前記ステータ磁極数Ｐ＝ａｍで表され、ロータ歯数Ｚ_Ｒは、以下の関係式を満足する可変リラクタンスモータである。ただし、Ｚ_Ｒ＝ａ（ｍｎ＋ｃ）、ｎは、ｎ≧ｎＳ−１を満足する整数である。
【００１３】
ロータの外周面又は内周面に円周方向に沿って複数個のロータ歯が等間隔に配設されるロータと、エアギャップを介して該ロータ歯と対向する面に１個以上のステータ小歯を有する複数Ｐ個のステータ磁極が、円周方向に沿って配設されるステータとを具備するｍ相可変リラクタンスモータにおいて、連続して並設される３個の前記ステータ磁極のそれぞれはバックヨーク部で磁気的に結合され、前記ステータ磁極又は前記バックヨーク部には励磁巻線が巻回されており、前記３個のステータ磁極の両端の磁極のステータ小歯数をｎＳ個とするとき中央の前記磁極のステータ小歯数は１．６ｎＳから２．４ｎＳであって、前記ロータ歯に対して同位相に形成され、前記３個のステータ磁極のうちの互いに対向する面の巻線巻回部よりロータに近い部分に、永久磁石と係合するための２箇所の隣り合う係合部を有し、該２箇所の隣り合う係合部間にそれぞれ係合される前記永久磁石は、前記中央の磁極側との係合面が同極性となるように着磁されてＰ／３個の対を成し、前記励磁巻線が励磁されるとき対をなす前記３個のステータ磁極は隣り合う該ステータ磁極が互いに異極性に励磁されるとともに、前記永久磁石による起磁力と前記励磁巻線による起磁力とが並列接続され協働して前記エアギャップに磁束を発生させ、かつ前記ロータの歯ピッチをτとするとき、隣り合う対において隣接する前記ステータ磁極は前記ロータ歯に対して（ｃ／ｍ）τの位相差をもつように配設されている可変リラクタンスモータである。ただし、ｍは３以上の整数で、ｃは、ｍが奇数のとき１以上でｍより小さい整数であり、ｍが偶数のとき１以上でｍより小さい奇数でｍ／２以外のものとする。
【００１４】
ロータの外周面又は内周面に円周方向に沿って複数個のロータ歯が等間隔に配設されるロータと、エアギャップを介して該ロータ歯と対向する面に１個以上のステータ小歯を有する複数個のステータ磁極が円周方向に沿ってＰ個、軸方向に沿って３列に配設されるステータとを具備するｍ相可変リラクタンスモータにおいて、前記軸方向に配設される３個の前記ステータ磁極はバックヨーク部で磁気的に結合され、前記ステータ磁極又は前記バックヨーク部には励磁巻線が巻回されており、前記３個のステータ磁極の両端の磁極のステータ小歯の軸方向の長さをＬＳとするとき中央の前記磁極のステータ小歯の軸方向の長さは１．６ＬＳから２．４ＬＳの範囲であって、前記ロータ歯に対して同位相に形成され、前記３個のステータ磁極により形成される軸方向の２箇所の開口部分で、前記磁極が互いに対向する面の巻線巻回部よりロータに近い部分に、永久磁石と係合するための係合部を有し、該２箇所の係合部の係合面間にそれぞれ係合される前記永久磁石は、前記中央の磁極側との係合面が同極性となるように着磁されてＰ個の対を成し、前記励磁巻線が励磁されるとき対をなし隣り合う前記磁極は互いに異極性に励磁されるとともに、該永久磁石による起磁力と該巻線の起磁力とが並列接続され協働して前記エアギャップに磁束を発生させ、かつ前記ロータの歯ピッチをτとするとき、円周方向に互いに隣り合う前記ステータ磁極のそれぞれは（ｃ／ｍ）τの位相差をもつように配設される可変リラクタンスモータである。ただし、ｍは３以上の整数で、ｃは、ｍが奇数のとき１以上でｍより小さい整数であり、ｍが偶数のとき１以上でｍより小さい奇数でｍ／２以外のものとする。
【００１５】
本発明の可変リラクタンスモータは、以上のように構成されるので、その作用は、前記磁極対の巻線が励磁されると、巻線起磁力と前記磁極対間に密着、係合された永久磁石の起磁力とが並列接続されるので、ギャップ部には前記巻線起磁力による磁束だけでなく前記永久磁石の起磁力による磁束も流れる。そのため、前記永久磁石がない場合に比べて、前記巻線の励磁電流に対するギャップ磁束を増加させることができる。
【００１６】
また、そのとき、前記磁極対を流れる磁束は、前記巻線起磁力から前記永久磁石による起磁力を引いた起磁力に依存して流れるため、前記永久磁石がない場合に比べて減少し、前記磁極対の鉄心部における起磁力損失を低下させることができ、これもギャップ磁束の増加に寄与する。また、隣接する磁極対間の磁気抵抗は高くなるので、漏れ磁束も減らすことができる。
その結果、前記励磁電流に対するギャップ磁束が増加し、従来タイプのものに比べより高トルクを発生することができる。
【００１７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面に基づいて、本発明の好適な実施の形態を例示的に詳しく説明する。
［第１実施例］
図１は、本発明の可変リラクタンスモータの実施の形態で、前記請求項１及び請求項２に記載の第１実施例を示す断面図であり、相数ｍ、ステータ小歯数ｎＳ、数値ａ，ｎ，ｋ，ｃの各数値をｍ＝３，ｎＳ＝１，ａ＝２，ｎ＝１，ｋ＝１，ｃ＝２とした場合である。
【００１８】
図１において、本実施例の可変リラクタンスモータＭ１のステータ１は、それぞれ２個の磁極部Ａ１，Ａ２；Ｂ１，Ｂ２；Ｃ１，Ｃ２；Ｄ１，Ｄ２；Ｅ１，Ｅ２；Ｆ１，Ｆ２がそれぞれ、バックヨーク部Ａ３，Ｂ３，Ｃ３，〜Ｆ３で一体的に形成されてＵ字形状をなした電磁鋼板を積層して構成される６対（ａｍ＝６）の磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆが、円周方向に等ピッチ角で配設され、非磁性材の保持部材５により固定保持された構造になっている。なお、ステータ小歯数ｎＳ＝１のため、ステータ小歯３は、前記磁極部と同一になる。
前記磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆの鉄心は電磁鋼板の積層だけでなく、磁性材の焼結や切削加工等によって製作することももちろん可能である。
【００１９】
また前記対をなす磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆ自体の互いに対向する磁極部Ａ１，Ａ２；Ｂ１，Ｂ２；Ｃ１，Ｃ２；〜Ｆ１，Ｆ２の面の巻線巻回部より前記ロータ２に近い部分には、永久磁石Ａ６，Ｂ６，Ｃ６，〜Ｆ６と密着、係合するための切欠された係合面Ａ４，Ａ５；Ｂ４，Ｂ５；Ｃ４，Ｃ５；〜Ｆ４，Ｆ５が設けられており、図示のように角柱状の前記永久磁石Ａ６，Ｂ６，Ｃ６，〜Ｆ６が、該磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆとの係合面の一方Ａ４，Ｂ５，Ｃ４，Ｄ５，Ｅ４，Ｆ５にＮ極、係合面の他方Ａ５，Ｂ４，Ｃ５，Ｄ４，Ｅ５，Ｆ４にＳ極となるように着磁されて、前記両磁極部Ａ１，Ａ２；Ｂ１，Ｂ２；Ｃ１，Ｃ２；〜Ｆ１，Ｆ２のそれぞれの間に密着（又は密着接合）するように係合されている。
【００２０】
前記永久磁石Ａ６，Ｂ６，Ｃ６，〜Ｆ６の極性は、前記係合面の一方Ａ４，Ｂ４，Ｃ４，４５，Ｅ４，Ｆ４にＮ極、他方Ａ５，Ｂ５，Ｃ５，Ｄ５，Ｅ５，Ｆ５にＳ極となるようにすることももちろん可能である。
いずれの場合も、該磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆの巻線は、巻線による起磁力が前記永久磁石Ａ６，Ｂ６，Ｃ６，〜Ｆ６の起磁力と並列接続された関係になるように巻回され励磁される。
【００２１】
また、前記ロータ２の外周面には円周方向に沿って１６個（Ｚ_Ｒ＝ａ｛ｍ（ｎ＋ｋ）＋ｃ｝＝１６）のロータ歯４が、歯ピッチ２２．５゜（τ＝３６０゜／Ｚ_Ｒ＝２２．５゜）で配設されている。
前記対をなす磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆのそれぞれの磁極部Ａ１，Ａ２；Ｂ１，Ｂ２；Ｃ１，Ｃ２；〜；Ｆ１，Ｆ２間のピッチ角は２２．５゜（ｋτ＝２２．５゜）であり、前記ロータ歯４に対して同位相（又は同ピッチ角）となっている。
【００２２】
また、隣り合う対の磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆにおいて、互いに隣接する磁極部Ａ２，Ｂ１；Ｂ２，Ｃ１；Ｃ２，Ｄ１；Ｄ２，Ｅ１；Ｅ２，Ｆ１；Ｆ２，Ａ１のそれぞれの間のピッチ角は、前記ロータ歯４に対して（ｃ／ｍ）τの位相差を持つよう（ｎ＋ｃ／ｍ）τに設定されており、各数値を代入すると３７．５゜になっている。
【００２３】
前記ｋτと前記（ｎ＋ｃ／ｍ）τとを加算したものが、前記６個（ａｍ個）の磁極対間のピッチ角６０゜（２２．５＋３７．５＝６０）であり、すなわち等ピッチ配置となっている。Ｚ_Ｒτ＝３６０゜であり、前記磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆ間ピッチ角の６倍に等しいことから、ロータ歯数Ｚ_Ｒの式Ｚ_Ｒ＝ａ｛ｍ（ｎ＋ｋ）＋ｃ｝が導かれる。
【００２４】
また、ロータ軸６を挟んで対向する前記磁極対ＡとＤに巻回される巻線Ｗ１，Ｗ２，Ｗ７，Ｗ８よりなるＡ相が励磁され、前記ロータ歯４が該Ａ相に関して磁気抵抗が最小になる図示の位置にあるとき、該ロータ歯４はＢ相の磁極部Ｃ１，Ｃ２，Ｆ１，Ｆ２に対し、７．５゜（２×２２．５−３７．５＝７．５゜）遅れた位置にあり、Ｃ相の磁極部Ｂ１，Ｂ２，Ｅ１，Ｅ２に対しては、７．５゜進んだ位置にある。したがって、励磁相をＡ相からＢ相またはＣ相に切換えると、前記ロータ２は７．５゜だけ正方向又は逆方向に回転することになる。これがステッピングモータとしての動作説明であり、ステップ角は７．５゜といえる。
【００２５】
前記対をなす磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｅ，Ｆに巻回された巻線Ｗ１，Ｗ２；Ｗ３，Ｗ４；Ｗ５，Ｗ６；Ｗ７，Ｗ８；Ｗ９，Ｗ１０；Ｗ１１，Ｗ１２は、該巻線が励磁されるとき、対をなす一方の磁極部から他方の磁極部に向かって巻線起磁力が発生するように結線されており、その結果、該磁束は一方の磁極部（例えばＡ１）から出てエアギャップ、ロータ歯４、ロータ歯４、エアギャップを通り、他方の磁極部（Ａ２）に帰る短い磁束通路を形成するので、鉄心部での起磁力降下を最小にすることができる。
【００２６】
また、前記回転軸６を挟んで対向配置されている２個（ａ＝２）の磁極対ＡとＤ、ＢとＥ、ＣとＦの前記巻線Ｗ１，Ｗ２とＷ７，Ｗ８、Ｗ３，Ｗ４とＷ９，Ｗ１０、Ｗ５，Ｗ６とＷ１１，Ｗ１２はそれぞれ接続されて、１つの相巻線を構成している。
【００２７】
該相巻線が励磁されたとき前述のように前記対をなす磁極対ＡとＤ、ＢとＥ、ＣとＦは、前記係合されている永久磁石Ａ６とＤ６、Ｂ６とＥ６、Ｃ６とＦ６の磁極と同じ極性となるので、該永久磁石による起磁力と前記巻線起磁力とが並列接続されて協働して前記エアギャップ部に磁束を供給することになる。すなわち、該エアギャップ部には、該励磁巻線による磁束だけでなく前記永久磁石Ａ６，Ｂ６，Ｃ６，Ｄ６，Ｅ６，Ｆ６のそれぞれの起磁力による磁束も流れることになる。
【００２８】
また、前記磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆの前記ステータ磁極部と前記バックヨーク部Ａ３，Ｂ３，Ｃ３，〜Ｆ３からなる鉄心部には、前記巻線Ｗ１，Ｗ２，Ｗ３，〜Ｗ１２による起磁力から前記永久磁石Ａ６，Ｂ６，Ｃ６，〜，Ｆ６による起磁力を引いた起磁力が作用するため、該鉄心部の磁束は該永久磁石がない場合に比べ少なくなり、該鉄心部での起磁力損失を少なくすることができ、これもエアギャップ部における磁束の増加に貢献する。
【００２９】
また、図示のように各Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ相間は磁気的に結合されていないので、これによって漏れ磁束を抑える効果もある。
また無励磁時には、前記永久磁石Ａ６，Ｂ６，Ｃ６，〜，Ｆ６の起磁力による磁束のほとんどが前記鉄心部に流れ、エアギャップ部にはほとんど供給されないため、コギングトルクは小さく抑えることができる。
【００３０】
［第２実施例］
図２は、本発明の可変リラクタンスモータの実施の形態で、前記請求項１及び２に記載の第２実施例を示す断面図であり、相数ｍ、ステータ小歯数ｎＳ、数値ａ，ｎ，ｋ，ｃの各数値をｍ＝３，ｎＳ＝２，ａ＝２，ｎ＝２，ｋ＝３，ｃ＝１とした場合である。なお、図１と同一部材には同一符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
【００３１】
図２において、本実施例の可変リラクタンスモータＭ２のステータ１は、前記ロータ歯４との対向面に２個（ｎＳ＝２）のステータ小歯３を有する１２個（Ｐ＝２ａｍ＝１２）の磁極部Ａ１，Ａ２；Ｂ１，Ｂ２；Ｃ１，Ｃ２；Ｄ１，Ｄ２；Ｅ１，Ｅ２；Ｆ１，Ｆ２が図示のように配設され、図１の場合と同様に隣り合う磁極部で６対の磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆを構成している。隣接する前記磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆのそれぞれのバックヨーク部Ａ３，Ｂ３，〜Ｆ３間には磁気抵抗を大きくするための貫通穴７が設けられている。
【００３２】
前記ステータ１の鉄心は、それぞれの前記磁極部Ａ１，Ａ２；‥‥；Ｆ１，Ｆ２と前記バックヨーク部Ａ３，Ｂ３，〜Ｆ３とが一体的からなるリング形状の電磁鋼板を積層して形成されるので、図１の場合のように、６個の磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆが機械的に完全に分離されていないので、該６個の磁極対を等ピッチに配置するという工程が不要になる利点がある。
【００３３】
また、磁極対Ａの磁極部Ａ１，Ａ２に巻回された巻線Ｗ１，Ｗ２は、前記第１実施例と同様に、対をなす一方の磁極部から他方の磁極部に向かって巻線起磁力が発生するように結線されており、その結果、磁束は一方の磁極部から出てエアギャップ、ロータ歯４、ロータ歯４、エアギャップを通り他方の磁極部に帰る短い磁束通路を形成する。
【００３４】
また、前記磁極部Ａ１，Ａ２の互いに対向する面の、巻線巻回部より前記ロータ２に近い部分には永久磁石Ａ６と係合するための係合面Ａ４，Ａ５が設けられており、図示のように角柱状の前記永久磁石Ａ６が、該磁極部Ａ１，Ａ２との係合面の一方がＮ極、他方がＳ極となるように着磁されて両磁極部Ａ１，Ａ２間に密着するように係合されている。
他の磁極対Ｂ，Ｃ〜Ｆも同様の構成となっている。
【００３５】
前記ロータ歯４の数は３２個（Ｚ_Ｒ＝ａ｛ｍ（ｎ＋ｋ）＋ｃ｝＝３２）であり、該ロータ２の歯ピッチは１１．２５゜（τ＝３６０゜／Ｚ_Ｒ＝１１．２５゜）である。対をなす磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆのそれぞれの磁極部間のピッチは３３．７５゜（ｋτ＝３３．７５゜）であり、前記ステータ小歯３はロータ歯４に対して同位相（又は同一位置で対向）に配置されている。
【００３６】
隣り合う前記磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ〜Ｆにおいて、隣接する前記磁極部Ａ１，Ａ２；Ｂ１，Ｂ２；Ｃ１，Ｃ２；〜Ｆ１，Ｆ２間のピッチ角は前記ロータ歯４に対して（ｃ／ｍ）τの位相差を持つように（ｎ＋ｃ／ｍ）τに設定されているので、各数値を代入すると２６．２５゜になる。
したがって、この場合の前記磁極対間のピッチも６０゜（３３．７５＋２６．２５＝６０）であり、等ピッチ配置となっていることが分る。
【００３７】
Ａ相が励磁され、前記ロータ歯４がＡ相に関し磁気抵抗が最小になる位置にあるとき、該ロータ歯４はＢ相の磁極部に対し３．７５゜（２６．２５−２×１１．２５＝３．７５゜）進んだ位置にあり、Ｃ相の磁極部に対しては３．７５゜遅れた位置にある。
したがって励磁相をＡ相からＣ相又はＢ相に切換えると、前記ロータ２は３．７５゜だけ正方向又は逆方向に回転することになる。これがステッピングモータとしての動作説明であり、ステップ角は３．７５゜といえる。
【００３８】
［第３実施例］
図３は、本発明の可変リラクタンスモータの実施の形態で、前記請求項３及び４に記載の第３実施例を示す縦断面図、図４は図３の横断面図であり、相数ｍ、ステータ小歯数ｎＳ、数値ａ，ｎ，ｋ，ｃの各数値をｍ＝３，ｎＳ＝１，ａ＝２，ｎ＝０，ｃ＝２とした場合である。なお、図１と同一部材には同一符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
【００３９】
図３及び図４において、本実施例の可変リラクタンスモータＭ３のステータ１は、ロータ軸６の軸方向に２列に配設されたそれぞれの２個の磁極部Ａ１とＡ２、Ｂ１とＢ２、Ｃ１とＣ２、Ｄ１とＤ２、Ｅ１とＥ２、Ｆ１とＦ２が、バックヨーク部Ａ３，Ｂ３，〜Ｆ３のそれぞれに連結されて、Ｃ字形状をなした電磁鋼板を積層して構成された６対（ａｍ＝６）の磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆが、円周方向に等ピッチで配設され、非磁性材の保持部材８ａ，８ｂにより同心的に固定保持された構造になっている。
前記ステータ１は、その両端部を前記保持部材８ａ，８ｂを介してエンドブラケット１０，１１に、図示しないねじ等の締結により支持されるとともに、前記ロータ２も、前記エンドブラケット１０，１１に軸受を介して、前記ロータ軸６により回動自在に支持されている。
【００４０】
前記ロータ２は、長方形状の電磁鋼板を積層して構成された４個（Ｚ_Ｒ＝ａ｛ｍｎ＋ｃ｝＝４）のロータ歯４が非磁性材の保持部材９，９によりロータ歯ピッチ９０゜（τ＝３６０゜／Ｚ_Ｒ＝９０゜）で配置され、前記ロータ軸６に固定されている。
この場合も、前記磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆおよび前記ロータ歯４は電磁鋼板の積層に限定されず、磁性材の焼結や切削加工等により製作することももちろん可能である。
【００４１】
前記対をなす磁極部Ａ１とＡ２；Ｂ１とＢ２；‥‥；Ｆ１とＦ２は軸方向に並んでおり、前記ロータ歯４に対して同位相（すなわち該磁極対の１が励磁されるとき、該磁極対が前記ロータ歯４と整合する）となっている。また、前記２個の磁極部Ａ１，Ａ２；Ｂ１，Ｂ２；‥‥；Ｆ１，Ｆ２のそれぞれ互いに対向する面の、巻線巻回部よりロータ２に近い部分には永久磁石Ａ６，Ｂ６，Ｃ６，〜Ｆ６と係合するための係合面Ａ４，Ａ５，Ｂ４，Ｂ５，‥‥，Ｆ４，Ｆ５が設けられており、図示のように角柱状の前記永久磁石Ａ６，Ｂ６，Ｃ６，〜Ｆ６が、該磁極部との前記係合面の一方がＮ極、他方がＳ極となるように着磁されて前記係合面Ａ４，Ａ５；Ｂ４，Ｂ５；‥‥；Ｆ４，Ｆ５のそれぞれの間に密着、係合されている。このとき該永久磁石Ａ６，Ｂ６，Ｃ６，〜Ｆ６の極性を同一方向に揃えておくとモータ組立後に着磁することができる。
【００４２】
また、隣り合う前記磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ〜Ｆにおいて、隣接する前記磁極部Ａ１，Ｂ１，Ｃ１，〜Ｆ１間及びＡ２，Ｂ２，Ｃ２〜，Ｆ２間のピッチ角は、前記ロータ歯４に対して（ｃ／ｍ）τの位相差を持つよう（ｎ＋ｃ／ｍ）τに設定されているので、各数値を代入すると６０゜になる。
Ｚ_Ｒτ＝３６０゜であり、前記磁極対Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆ間ピッチの６倍に等しいことから前記ロータ歯数の式（Ｚ_Ｒ＝ａ（ｍｎ＋ｃ））が導かれる。
【００４３】
したがって、Ａ相が励磁され、ロータ歯４がＡ相に関し磁気抵抗が最小になる位置にあるとき、該ロータ歯４は、Ｂ相の磁極に対し３０゜（９０−６０＝３０゜）遅れた位置にあり、Ｃ相の磁極に対しては３０゜進んだ位置にある。
したがって、励磁相をＡ相からＢ相又はＣ相に切換えると前記ロータ２は３０゜だけ正方向又は逆方向に回転することになる。これがステッピングモータとしての動作説明であり、ステップ角は３０゜といえる。
【００４４】
［第４実施例］
図５は、本発明の可変リラクタンスモータの実施の形態で、前記請求項５に記載の第４実施例を示し、該可変リラクタンスモータのステータ２１を構成する１つの磁極対を示す断面図であり、図１又は図２のステータ１のなかの１つの磁極対に対応する図である。
前記ステータ２１の１つの該磁極対Ｐの鉄心２２は、該ステータ２１の円周方向に沿って連続して並設される３個の磁極部Ｐ１，Ｐ２、Ｐ３が、バックヨーク部２３により磁気的に結合されたＥ字状の電磁鋼板を積層して形成されており、中央の磁極部Ｐ２に巻線Ｗ１が巻回されている。前記巻線Ｗ１は磁極部Ｐ１とＰ３に巻回することも、３個の磁極部Ｐ１，Ｐ２、Ｐ３に巻回することも可能であるが、前記磁極部Ｐ２に巻回した場合が最も漏れ磁束を少なくすることができる。もちろん前記バックヨーク部２３に巻回することも可能である。
【００４５】
前記磁極部Ｐ１及びＰ３は、前記ロータ歯４との対向面にそれぞれ１個（ｎＳ＝１）のステータ小歯３を有し、前記中央の磁極部Ｐ２は隣接する磁極部Ｐ１及びＰ３のそれぞれ有するステータ小歯数ｎＳの２倍（２ｎＳ個）、すなわち２個のステータ小歯３を有している。前記３個の磁極部Ｐ１，Ｐ２，Ｐ３又はステータ小歯３は前記ロータ歯４に対し同位相（又は同ピッチ角位置）に配置されている。
【００４６】
そして、該３個の磁極部Ｐ１，Ｐ２，Ｐ３の互いに対向する面の巻線巻回部より前記ロータ２に近い部分には、永久磁石２８，２９と係合するための係合面２４，２５，２６，２７を有し、該２箇所の隣り合う係合部をなす、該係合面２４，２５と２６，２７間にそれぞれ密着、係合された前記永久磁石２８，２９は、中央の前記磁極部Ｐ２とのその係合面２５，２６側が同極性となるように着磁されている。
そして、前記巻線Ｗ１が励磁されると、該巻線Ｗ１の起磁力と前記永久磁石２８，２９の起磁力は、並列接続されて前記ロータ歯４とのエアギャップ部に磁束を供給するようになっている。
【００４７】
［第５実施例］
図６は、本発明の可変リラクタンスモータの実施の形態で、前記請求項６に記載の第５実施例を示し、該可変リラクタンスモータのステータ３１を構成する１つの磁極対を示す縦断面図であり、図３のステータ１のなかの１つの磁極対に対応する図である。
【００４８】
前記ステータ３１の１つの該磁極対Ｐの鉄心３２は、前記ステータ３１の軸方向に３列に並設される３個の磁極部Ｐ１，Ｐ２，Ｐ３が、バックヨーク部３３により磁気的に結合されたＥ字状に形成されており、中央の前記磁極部Ｐ２には巻線Ｗ１が巻回されている。前記３個の磁極部Ｐ１，Ｐ２，Ｐ３は、前記ロータ歯４との対向面にそれぞれ同数のステータ小歯３を有し、該ステータ小歯３の軸方向長さは約１：２：１の比率に設定されている。また前記３個の磁極部Ｐ１，Ｐ２，Ｐ３又はステータ小歯３は前記ロータ歯４に対し同位相（又は同ピッチ角位置）に配置されている。
【００４９】
そして、該３個の磁極部Ｐ１，Ｐ２，Ｐ３の互いに対向する面の巻線巻回部よりロータ２に近い部分には、永久磁石３８，３９と係合するための係合面３４，３５，３６，３７を有し、該２箇所の隣り合う係合部をなす、該係合面３４，３５と３６，３７間にそれぞれ密着、係合された前記永久磁石３８，３９は、中央の前記磁極部Ｐ２との係合面３５，３６側が同極性となるように着磁されている。
【００５０】
そして、前記巻線Ｗ１が励磁されると、該巻線Ｗ１による起磁力と前記永久磁石３８，３９の起磁力は、並列接続されてエアギャップ部に磁束を供給するようになっている。
【００５１】
なお、本実施の形態の説明は、本発明の技術は前記実施の形態における技術に限定されるものではなく、同様な機能を果たす他の態様の手段によってもよく、また本発明の技術は前記構成の範囲内において種々の変更、付加が可能である。また、回転型モータだけでなく、リニアモータにも適用できる。
【００５２】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように本発明の可変リラクタンスモータによれば、前記磁極対の巻線が励磁されると、巻線起磁力と前記磁極対間に係合された永久磁石による起磁力とが並列接続され、エアギャップ部には前記巻線起磁力による磁束だけでなく前記永久磁石による磁束も流れるため、前記永久磁石がない場合に比べて前記エアギャップ磁束は増加することになる。
このため、できるだけ少ない巻線電流で必要なギャップ磁束を発生させることにより、同じ巻線電流値で比較した場合に、より高トルクを発生させることができるという優れた効果を奏する。
【００５３】
また、前記磁極対の鉄心部には、前記巻線起磁力から前記永久磁石による起磁力を引いた起磁力に依存して磁束が流れるため、前記永久磁石がない場合に比べて減少し、その結果、前記鉄心部における起磁力損失は低下し、前記エアギャップ磁束の増加に寄与する。
【００５４】
さらに、磁極対間の磁気抵抗が高いため漏れ磁束が減少し、その分エアギャップ磁束が増加するという効果もある。その結果、電流に対するエアギャップ磁束が増加し、従来タイプに比べより高トルクを発生する。
このように、本発明の可変リラクタンスモータは、内部に備えられた永久磁石が有する磁気的エネルギーを、磁極の励磁を介して有効に活用する磁気構造であるため、従来のものに比べて、より高トルクを発生させることができるという効果がある。
【００５５】
また、従来タイプと同じトルクでよい場合には、巻線電流が少ない分、銅損が減少し、さらに前記鉄心部の磁束も減少するためステータ鉄心での鉄損も減少する。したがって、従来タイプに比べより高効率となるという効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の可変リラクタンスモータの実施の形態の第１実施例を示す該可変リラクタンスモータの断面図である。
【図２】本発明の第２実施例を示す可変リラクタンスモータの断面図である。
【図３】本発明の第３実施例を示す可変リラクタンスモータの縦断面図である。
【図４】図３の横断面図である。
【図５】本発明の第４実施例を示し、可変リラクタンスモータのステータ中の１つの磁極対を示す断面図であり、図１又は図２のステータ１のなかの１つの磁極対に対応する図である。
【図６】本発明の第５実施例を示し、可変リラクタンスモータのステータ中の１つの磁極対を示す断面図であり、図３のステータ１のなかの１つの磁極対に対応する図である。
【図７】従来の可変リラクタンスモータの磁気構造を示す該可変リラクタンスモータの断面図である。
【符号の説明】
Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，〜Ｆ，Ｐ　磁極対
Ａ１，Ａ２，Ｂ１，Ｂ２，Ｃ１，Ｃ２，〜，Ｆ１，Ｆ２　磁極部
Ａ３，Ｂ３，Ｃ３，〜Ｆ３　バックヨーク部
Ａ４，Ａ５，Ｂ４，Ｂ５，Ｃ４，Ｃ５，〜Ｆ４，Ｆ５　係合面
Ａ６，Ｂ６，Ｃ６，〜Ｆ６　永久磁石
Ｍ１，Ｍ２，Ｍ３　可変リラクタンスモータ
Ｐ１，Ｐ２，Ｐ３　磁極部
Ｗ１，Ｗ２，Ｗ３，〜Ｗ１２　巻線（励磁巻線）
１，２１，３１　ステータ
２　ロータ
３　ステータ小歯
４　ロータ小歯
６　ロータ軸
２２，３２　鉄心
２３，３３　　バックヨーク部
２４〜２７，３４〜３７　係合面
２８，２９，３８，３９　永久磁石[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a variable reluctance motor, and more particularly to a novel magnetic structure of a variable reluctance motor capable of generating a high torque.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as an example of a magnetic structure of this type of variable reluctance motor, a structure shown in FIG. 7 is known.
7, the rotor 102 of the variable reluctance motor 100 is provided with 32 rotor teeth 104 along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface thereof, and the stator 101 has two rotor teeth 104 on the surface facing the rotor teeth 104, respectively. Twelve stator magnetic poles P101, P102, to P112 having the small stator teeth 103 are arranged at equal pitch angles, and twelve windings W101, W102, to W112 are wound around each of the stator magnetic poles. Has been turned.
[0003]
The four windings W101, W104, W107, W110 respectively wound around every third stator pole P101, P104, P107, P110 are connected as shown in FIG. A phase winding is formed. The remaining windings wound around the magnetic poles are similarly connected to form second and third phase windings, and constitute a three-phase variable reluctance motor 100 as a whole.
When the first phase winding is excited, the rotor 2 is at a position where the magnetic resistance is minimum with respect to the magnetic poles P101, P104, P107, and P110 of the exciting phase, that is, the stator small teeth 3 of the exciting phase and the rotor The rotor rotates to the position shown in FIG.
[0004]
By switching the second and third excitation phases periodically in order, the number of rotor teeth Z is changed. _R And the angle determined by the number m of phases of the stator 101 (360 ° / mZ) _R ) Rotate each time. In the example of the illustrated three-phase variable reluctance motor 100, the motor rotates by 3.75 °.
Therefore, it may be called a VR type stepping motor. Further, a driving method of detecting the rotor position and switching the excitation is also performed. In this case, the driving method is called a switched reluctance motor.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Generally, in order to increase the torque of the variable reluctance motor 100 as described above, the gap magnetic flux when the positions of the stator small teeth 3 and the rotor teeth 4 match are increased, and the magnetic accompanying energy is increased. It needs to be crisp. As a means for achieving this, not only the gap length is made as short as possible to reduce the magnetic resistance, but also a magnetic circuit is devised to reduce the leakage magnetic flux and increase the effective magnetic flux.
Examples thereof are disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 3,984,711 and US Pat. No. 4,475,051. Further, Japanese Patent No. 2,594,813 discloses a method using a grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet as a method of reducing the magnetomotive force loss at the stator magnetic pole portion and increasing the gap magnetic flux.
[0006]
Further, a permanent magnet is arranged in a back yoke portion of a stator so that not only reluctance torque but also interaction torque between a magnetic flux of the permanent magnet and a winding current is used. No. 925.
Another effective means is to increase the current, but in that case, the heat loss in the motor also increases, so the heat transfer area between the winding and the iron core is increased to improve the heat dissipation efficiency. One is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2,960,128.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to provide a necessary gap magnetic flux with as small a winding current as possible based on a technical idea completely different from the above-described method, so that when compared at the same winding current value, a higher value is obtained. An object of the present invention is to provide a variable reluctance motor having a structure capable of generating torque.
[0008]
Another object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive variable reluctance motor capable of generating a high torque by a magnetic structure having a permanent magnet therein and effectively utilizing magnetic energy of the permanent magnet through excitation of a magnetic pole. To provide.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A configuration of the present invention for achieving the above object includes a rotor in which a plurality of rotor teeth are arranged at equal intervals along a direction of relative movement between the rotor and the stator on a surface of the rotor facing the stator, and an air gap. A m-phase variable reluctance motor comprising: a plurality of P stator poles having one or more stator small teeth on a surface opposed to the rotor teeth via a stator disposed along the relative movement direction; Each of the two adjacent stator magnetic poles is magnetically coupled at a back yoke portion, and an exciting winding is wound around each of the stator magnetic poles or the back yoke portion to form the two adjacent stator magnetic poles. Are formed in the same phase with respect to the rotor teeth, and at a portion closer to the rotor than a winding winding portion on surfaces of the two stator poles facing each other, The permanent magnet has an engagement surface for engaging with the permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet engaged between the engagement surfaces has an engagement surface with one magnetic pole side with the N pole and an engagement surface with the other magnetic pole side. P / 2 pairs are magnetized so that the mating surfaces are S poles. When the excitation winding is excited, each of the two stator poles forming the pair is excited with a different polarity from each other. When the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet and the magnetomotive force of the excitation winding are connected in parallel and cooperate to generate a magnetic flux in the air gap, and the tooth pitch of the rotor is τ, adjacent pairs Are the variable reluctance motors arranged so that each of the two stator poles has a phase difference of (c / m) τ with respect to the rotor teeth. Here, m is an integer of 3 or more, and c is an integer of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number, and an odd number of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number other than m / 2.
[0010]
The rotor has a cylindrical shape or a disk shape, the relative movement direction is a circumferential direction, and the P / 2 pairs of the stator magnetic pole pairs are arranged at an equal pitch of 720 ° / P. Number Z _R When the number of small stator teeth is nS and a is an integer of 1 or more, the number of stator magnetic poles P is represented by P = 2am, and the number of rotor teeth Z _R Is a variable reluctance motor satisfying the following relational expression. Where Z _R = A {m (n + k) + c}, n is an integer satisfying n ≧ nS−1, k = nS, or k = nS + 1.
[0011]
A rotor in which a plurality of rotor teeth are arranged at regular intervals on the surface of the rotor facing the stator along the direction of relative movement of the rotor and the stator, and one or more rotor teeth are provided on the surface facing the rotor teeth via an air gap. M-phase variable reluctance motor comprising: a plurality of P stator poles each having a plurality of stator small teeth, the stators being arranged in two rows along a direction perpendicular to the relative movement direction and along the relative movement direction. In the above, each of the two stator magnetic poles disposed in a direction perpendicular to the relative movement direction is magnetically coupled by a back yoke portion, and an exciting winding is wound around each of the stator magnetic pole or the back yoke portion. Each of the two stator poles is formed in the same phase with respect to the rotor teeth, and each of the two stator poles is located in front of a winding portion on a surface facing each other of the two stator poles. A portion near the rotor has an engagement surface for engaging with a permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet engaged between the engagement surfaces has an N-pole engagement surface with one magnetic pole side and the other. P pairs which are magnetized such that the engagement surface with the magnetic pole side becomes the S pole, and each of the two stator poles forming a pair when the excitation winding is excited is different from each other. When excited to the polarity, the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet and the magnetomotive force of the excitation winding are connected in parallel and cooperate to generate a magnetic flux in the air gap, and when the tooth pitch of the rotor is τ. The variable reluctance motor is arranged such that each of the stator poles adjacent to each other in the relative movement direction has a phase difference of (c / m) τ. Here, m is an integer of 3 or more, and c is an integer of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number, and an odd number of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number other than m / 2.
[0012]
The rotor has a cylindrical shape or a disk shape, the relative movement direction is a circumferential direction, and a direction perpendicular to the relative movement direction is an axial direction when the rotor is a cylindrical shape. In the radial direction, the P stator pole pairs are arranged at an equal pitch of 360 ° / P, and the number of rotor teeth is Z. _R When the number of stator small teeth is nS and a is an integer of 1 or more, the number of stator magnetic poles P is represented by P = am, and the number of rotor teeth Z _R Is a variable reluctance motor satisfying the following relational expression. Where Z _R = A (mn + c), n is an integer satisfying n ≧ nS−1.
[0013]
A rotor in which a plurality of rotor teeth are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on an outer peripheral surface or an inner peripheral surface of the rotor, and one or more stator teeth are provided on a surface opposed to the rotor teeth via an air gap. In an m-phase variable reluctance motor including a stator in which a plurality of P stator poles having teeth are disposed along a circumferential direction, each of the three stator poles arranged in a row is a back When magnetic excitation is wound around the stator magnetic pole or the back yoke part by a yoke part, and the number of stator small teeth of the magnetic poles at both ends of the three stator magnetic poles is nS. The number of small stator teeth of the center magnetic pole is 1.6 nS to 2.4 nS, and is formed in the same phase with respect to the rotor teeth. Turn to rotor The two adjacent engaging portions for engaging with the permanent magnet, and the permanent magnets respectively engaged between the two adjacent engaging portions are located at the central magnetic pole side. P / 3 pairs are magnetized so that their engagement surfaces have the same polarity, and the three stator poles forming a pair when the excitation windings are excited are adjacent stator poles. Are excited with different polarities from each other, and the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet and the magnetomotive force of the excitation winding are connected in parallel to cooperate to generate a magnetic flux in the air gap, and reduce the tooth pitch of the rotor by τ. In this case, the adjacent stator magnetic poles in the adjacent pair are variable reluctance motors arranged so as to have a phase difference of (c / m) τ with respect to the rotor teeth. Here, m is an integer of 3 or more, and c is an integer of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number, and an odd number of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number other than m / 2.
[0014]
A rotor in which a plurality of rotor teeth are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on an outer peripheral surface or an inner peripheral surface of the rotor, and one or more stator teeth are provided on a surface opposed to the rotor teeth via an air gap. An m-phase variable reluctance motor, comprising: a plurality of stator magnetic poles having teeth arranged in a circumferential direction and arranged in three rows in an axial direction; The three stator poles are magnetically coupled at a back yoke portion, and an exciting winding is wound around the stator pole or the back yoke portion, and the stator poles at both ends of the three stator poles are small. When the axial length of the teeth is LS, the axial length of the small stator teeth of the magnetic pole at the center is in the range of 1.6 LS to 2.4 LS and is formed in phase with the rotor teeth. And the three stator poles At two opening portions in the axial direction formed at a portion closer to the rotor than the winding portion on the surface where the magnetic poles face each other, an engaging portion for engaging with a permanent magnet is provided. The permanent magnets respectively engaged between the engaging surfaces of the engaging portions are magnetized so that the engaging surfaces with the central magnetic pole side have the same polarity to form P pairs, When the exciting winding is excited, the adjacent magnetic poles forming a pair are excited to have different polarities, and the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet and the magnetomotive force of the winding are connected in parallel and cooperate to form the air. When a magnetic flux is generated in the gap and the tooth pitch of the rotor is τ, each of the stator poles adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction is variable so as to have a phase difference of (c / m) τ. It is a reluctance motor. Here, m is an integer of 3 or more, and c is an integer of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number, and an odd number of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number other than m / 2.
[0015]
Since the variable reluctance motor of the present invention is configured as described above, the operation thereof is such that, when the winding of the magnetic pole pair is excited, the magnetomotive force of the winding and the permanent magnet engaged and engaged between the magnetic pole pair are brought into close contact. Since the magnetomotive force of the magnet is connected in parallel, not only the magnetic flux due to the winding magnetomotive force but also the magnetic flux due to the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet flows through the gap. Therefore, the gap magnetic flux with respect to the exciting current of the winding can be increased as compared with the case where the permanent magnet is not provided.
[0016]
Further, at that time, the magnetic flux flowing through the magnetic pole pair flows depending on the magnetomotive force obtained by subtracting the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet from the winding magnetomotive force, so that the magnetic flux decreases compared to the case where the permanent magnet is not provided, The magnetomotive force loss at the core of the magnetic pole pair can be reduced, which also contributes to an increase in gap magnetic flux. In addition, since the magnetic resistance between the adjacent magnetic pole pairs increases, the leakage magnetic flux can be reduced.
As a result, the gap magnetic flux with respect to the exciting current increases, and a higher torque can be generated as compared with the conventional type.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be illustratively described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[First embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a variable reluctance motor according to the present invention, showing a first embodiment according to the first and second aspects of the present invention. , N, k, and c are m = 3, nS = 1, a = 2, n = 1, k = 1, and c = 2.
[0018]
In FIG. 1, a stator 1 of a variable reluctance motor M1 of the present embodiment has two magnetic pole portions A1, A2; B1, B2; C1, C2; D1, D2; E1, E2; Six pairs (am = 6) of magnetic pole pairs A, B, C,... F formed by laminating U-shaped electromagnetic steel sheets formed integrally with the yoke portions A3, B3, C3,. Are arranged at equal pitch angles in the circumferential direction, and are fixedly held by a holding member 5 made of a non-magnetic material. Since the number of small stator teeth nS = 1, the small stator teeth 3 are the same as the magnetic pole portions.
The iron cores of the magnetic pole pairs A, B, C, to F can of course be manufactured not only by laminating magnetic steel sheets but also by sintering or cutting magnetic materials.
[0019]
In addition, the rotor 2 is formed by a pair of magnetic pole pairs A, B, C,..., F, which face each other, and a pair of magnetic pole portions A1, A2; B1, B2; C1, C2; Are provided with notched engagement surfaces A4, A5; B4, B5; C4, C5; to F4, F5 for close contact and engagement with the permanent magnets A6, B6, C6, to F6. As shown in the figure, the prismatic permanent magnets A6, B6, C6,..., F6 are one of the engagement surfaces A4, B5, C4, D5, E4 with the magnetic pole pairs A, B, C,. F5 is magnetized so as to have an N pole, and the other of the engagement surfaces A5, B4, C5, D4, E5, and F4 so as to have an S pole, and the magnetic pole portions A1, A2; B1, B2; C1, C2; F1 and F2 are engaged so as to be in close contact (or close contact).
[0020]
The polarity of the permanent magnets A6, B6, C6,..., F6 is N pole on one of the engagement surfaces A4, B4, C4, 45, E4, F4, and S on the other A5, B5, C5, D5, E5, F5. It is of course possible to be a pole.
In any case, the windings of the magnetic pole pairs A, B, C, to F have such a relationship that the magnetomotive force of the windings is connected in parallel with the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnets A6, B6, C6, to F6. It is wound around and excited.
[0021]
In addition, on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2, 16 pieces (Z _R = A {m (n + k) + c} = 16) has a tooth pitch of 22.5 ° (τ = 360 ° / Z) _R = 22.5 °).
The pitch angle between the magnetic pole portions A1, A2; B1, B2; C1, C2; to F1 and F2 of the magnetic pole pairs A, B, C, to F forming the pair is 22.5 ° (kτ = 22. 5 °), and have the same phase (or the same pitch angle) with respect to the rotor teeth 4.
[0022]
Further, in the adjacent magnetic pole pairs A, B, C, to F, the magnetic pole portions A2, B1; B2, C1; C2, D1; D2, E1; E2, F1; Is set to (n + c / m) τ so as to have a phase difference of (c / m) τ with respect to the rotor teeth 4, and becomes 37.5 ° when each numerical value is substituted.
[0023]
The sum of kτ and (n + c / m) τ is the pitch angle 60 ° (22.5 + 37.5 = 60) between the six (am) magnetic pole pairs. Has become. Z _R Since τ = 360 °, which is equal to six times the pitch angle between the magnetic pole pairs A, B, C, to F, the number of rotor teeth Z _R Formula Z _R = A {m (n + k) + c}.
[0024]
Further, an A-phase composed of windings W1, W2, W7, W8 wound around the magnetic pole pairs A and D opposed to each other with the rotor shaft 6 interposed therebetween is excited, and the rotor teeth 4 have a magnetic resistance with respect to the A-phase. When the rotor tooth 4 is at the position shown in the drawing, the rotor tooth 4 is 7.5 ° (2 × 22.5−37.5 = 7.5 °) with respect to the B-phase magnetic pole portions C1, C2, F1, and F2. It is at a delayed position and is located 7.5 ° ahead of the C-phase magnetic pole portions B1, B2, E1, and E2. Therefore, when the excitation phase is switched from the phase A to the phase B or the phase C, the rotor 2 rotates in the forward or reverse direction by 7.5 °. This is the description of the operation of the stepping motor, and the step angle can be said to be 7.5 °.
[0025]
The windings W1, W2; W3, W4; W5, W6; W7, W8; W9, W10; W11, W12 are wound around the paired magnetic pole pairs A, B, C, D, E, F. When the windings are excited, the windings are connected such that a magnetomotive force is generated from one pair of magnetic poles toward the other magnetic pole, so that the magnetic flux is applied to one magnetic pole (for example, A1). ), Passes through the air gap, the rotor teeth 4, the rotor teeth 4, and the air gap, and forms a short magnetic flux path returning to the other magnetic pole part (A2), so that the magnetomotive force drop in the iron core part can be minimized. it can.
[0026]
Further, two (a = 2) magnetic pole pairs A and D, B and E, and C and F of the windings W1, W2 and W7, W8, W3, W4 And W9, W10, W5, W6 and W11, W12 are connected to each other to form one phase winding.
[0027]
When the phase windings are excited, the pair of magnetic poles A and D, B and E, and C and F as described above are combined with the engaged permanent magnets A6 and D6, B6 and E6, and C6. Since it has the same polarity as the magnetic pole of F6, the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet and the winding magnetomotive force are connected in parallel and cooperate to supply a magnetic flux to the air gap. That is, not only the magnetic flux due to the exciting winding but also the magnetic flux due to the magnetomotive force of each of the permanent magnets A6, B6, C6, D6, E6, and F6 flows through the air gap.
[0028]
In addition, the windings W1, W2, W3, to W12 are provided on the iron core portion including the stator magnetic pole portions of the magnetic pole pairs A, B, C, to F and the back yoke portions A3, B3, C3, to F3. Since the magnetomotive force is obtained by subtracting the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnets A6, B6, C6,..., And F6 from the magnetomotive force, the magnetic flux in the iron core portion is smaller than that without the permanent magnet. Magnetomotive force loss can be reduced, which also contributes to an increase in magnetic flux in the air gap.
[0029]
In addition, since the phases A, B, and C are not magnetically coupled as shown in the figure, this also has the effect of suppressing leakage magnetic flux.
In addition, at the time of non-excitation, most of the magnetic flux due to the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnets A6, B6, C6,...
[0030]
[Second embodiment]
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the variable reluctance motor according to the present invention, showing a second embodiment according to claims 1 and 2, wherein the number m of phases, the number nS of small stator teeth, and the numerical values a and n are shown. , K, and c are m = 3, nS = 2, a = 2, n = 2, k = 3, and c = 1. The same members as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
[0031]
In FIG. 2, the stator 1 of the variable reluctance motor M2 of this embodiment has twelve (P = 2am = 12) having two (nS = 2) stator small teeth 3 on a surface facing the rotor teeth 4. Magnetic pole portions A1, A2; B1, B2; C1, C2; D1, D2; E1, E2; F1, F2 are arranged as shown in the drawing, and six pairs of adjacent magnetic pole portions are provided as in the case of FIG. The pairs A, B, C, and F are configured. Between the back yoke portions A3, B3, to F3 of the adjacent magnetic pole pairs A, B, C, to F, there are provided through holes 7 for increasing the magnetic resistance.
[0032]
The iron core of the stator 1 is formed by laminating ring-shaped electromagnetic steel sheets in which the magnetic pole portions A1, A2; ‥‥; F1, F2 and the back yoke portions A3, B3, to F3 are integrated. Therefore, as in the case of FIG. 1, since the six magnetic pole pairs A, B, C, to F are not completely separated mechanically, the step of arranging the six magnetic pole pairs at an equal pitch is performed. There is an advantage that is unnecessary.
[0033]
Similarly to the first embodiment, the windings W1, W2 wound around the magnetic pole portions A1, A2 of the magnetic pole pair A are wound from one of the paired magnetic pole portions to the other magnetic pole portion. The magnetic flux is connected so as to generate a magnetic force, so that the magnetic flux forms a short magnetic flux path which exits from one magnetic pole portion, passes through the air gap, the rotor teeth 4, the rotor teeth 4, the air gap, and returns to the other magnetic pole portion. .
[0034]
In addition, engagement surfaces A4 and A5 for engaging with the permanent magnet A6 are provided on portions of the mutually facing surfaces of the magnetic pole portions A1 and A2 that are closer to the rotor 2 than the winding portions. As shown in the figure, the prismatic permanent magnet A6 is magnetized so that one of the engagement surfaces with the magnetic pole portions A1 and A2 is an N pole and the other is an S pole, and is provided between the magnetic pole portions A1 and A2. They are engaged so as to be in close contact.
Other magnetic pole pairs B and C to F have the same configuration.
[0035]
The number of the rotor teeth 4 is 32 (Z _R = A {m (n + k) + c} = 32, and the tooth pitch of the rotor 2 is 11.25 ° (τ = 360 ° / Z). _R = 11.25 °). The pitch between the magnetic pole portions of the magnetic pole pairs A, B, C, to F forming a pair is 33.75 ° (kτ = 33.75 °), and the stator small teeth 3 are the same as the rotor teeth 4. They are arranged in phase (or opposed at the same position).
[0036]
In the adjacent magnetic pole pairs A, B, C to F, the pitch angle between the adjacent magnetic pole portions A1, A2; B1, B2; C1, C2; m) Since (n + c / m) τ is set so as to have a phase difference of τ, it becomes 26.25 ° when each numerical value is substituted.
Therefore, in this case, the pitch between the magnetic pole pairs is also 60 ° (33.75 + 26.25 = 60), and it can be seen that the pitch is equal.
[0037]
When the A-phase is excited and the rotor teeth 4 are at the position where the magnetic resistance with respect to the A-phase is minimized, the rotor teeth 4 are 3.75 ° (26.25-2 × 11. 25 = 3.75 °), and is 3.75 ° behind the C-phase magnetic pole portion.
Therefore, when the excitation phase is switched from the phase A to the phase C or the phase B, the rotor 2 rotates forward or backward by 3.75 °. This is an explanation of the operation of the stepping motor, and the step angle can be said to be 3.75 °.
[0038]
[Third embodiment]
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a third embodiment of the variable reluctance motor according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a transverse sectional view of FIG. , The number of small stator teeth nS, and the numerical values a, n, k, and c are m = 3, nS = 1, a = 2, n = 0, and c = 2. The same members as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
[0039]
3 and 4, the stator 1 of the variable reluctance motor M3 according to the present embodiment has two magnetic pole portions A1 and A2, B1 and B2, C1 arranged in two rows in the axial direction of the rotor shaft 6. And C2, D1 and D2, E1 and E2, F1 and F2 are respectively connected to the back yoke portions A3, B3 to F3, and are formed by laminating C-shaped electromagnetic steel sheets. am = 6) are arranged at equal pitches in the circumferential direction and are concentrically fixed and held by non-magnetic holding members 8a and 8b. .
Both ends of the stator 1 are supported on the end brackets 10 and 11 via the holding members 8a and 8b by fastening screws (not shown), and the rotor 2 is also supported by the end brackets 10 and 11. , And is rotatably supported by the rotor shaft 6.
[0040]
The rotor 2 is formed by laminating rectangular electromagnetic steel plates. _R = A {mn + c} = 4), the rotor teeth pitch 90 ° (τ = 360 ° / Z) is held by the non-magnetic material holding members 9 and 9. _R = 90 °) and is fixed to the rotor shaft 6.
Also in this case, the magnetic pole pairs A, B, C, to F and the rotor teeth 4 are not limited to the lamination of the electromagnetic steel plates, but may be manufactured by sintering or cutting a magnetic material.
[0041]
The pair of magnetic pole portions A1 and A2; B1 and B2;. The magnetic pole pair is aligned with the rotor teeth 4). Further, permanent magnets A6, B6, C6 are provided on the surfaces of the two magnetic pole portions A1, A2; B1, B2; , F4, and F5 for engaging with the permanent magnets A6, B6, C6, and F6 each having a prism shape as shown in FIG. , F4 and F5 are respectively magnetized so that one of the engagement surfaces with the magnetic pole portion is an N pole and the other is an S pole, and the engagement surfaces A4, A5; B4, B5; Closely engaged with each other. At this time, if the polarities of the permanent magnets A6, B6, C6 to F6 are aligned in the same direction, the magnets can be magnetized after the motor is assembled.
[0042]
In the adjacent magnetic pole pairs A, B, C to F, the pitch angle between the adjacent magnetic pole portions A1, B1, C1, to F1 and between A2, B2, C2, and F2 is On the other hand, (n + c / m) τ is set so as to have a phase difference of (c / m) τ.
Z _R τ = 360 °, which is equal to six times the pitch between the magnetic pole pairs A, B, C, to F, the equation (Z _R = A (mn + c)).
[0043]
Therefore, when the A-phase is excited and the rotor tooth 4 is at a position where the magnetic resistance with respect to the A-phase is minimized, the rotor tooth 4 is delayed by 30 ° (90−60 = 30 °) with respect to the B-phase magnetic pole. At a position 30 degrees ahead of the C-phase magnetic pole.
Therefore, when the excitation phase is switched from the phase A to the phase B or the phase C, the rotor 2 rotates in the forward or reverse direction by 30 °. This is an explanation of the operation of the stepping motor, and the step angle can be said to be 30 °.
[0044]
[Fourth embodiment]
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the variable reluctance motor according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, showing one magnetic pole pair constituting the stator 21 of the variable reluctance motor. FIG. 3 corresponds to one magnetic pole pair in the stator 1 of FIG. 1 or FIG.
The iron core 22 of one of the magnetic pole pairs P of the stator 21 has three magnetic pole portions P1, P2, and P3 continuously arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator 21 by a back yoke portion 23. It is formed by stacking E-shaped electromagnetic steel sheets that are joined together, and a winding W1 is wound around a central magnetic pole portion P2. The winding W1 can be wound around the magnetic pole portions P1 and P3, or can be wound around three magnetic pole portions P1, P2, and P3. Magnetic flux can be reduced. Of course, it is also possible to wind around the back yoke portion 23.
[0045]
The magnetic pole portions P1 and P3 each have one (nS = 1) stator small tooth 3 on the surface facing the rotor tooth 4, and the central magnetic pole portion P2 is adjacent to each of the adjacent magnetic pole portions P1 and P3. It has twice the number of stator small teeth nS (2 nS), that is, two stator small teeth 3. The three magnetic pole portions P1, P2, P3 or the small stator teeth 3 are arranged at the same phase (or at the same pitch angle position) with respect to the rotor teeth 4.
[0046]
The three magnetic pole portions P1, P2, and P3 have opposing surfaces nearer to the rotor 2 than the winding portions, and have engagement surfaces 24 for engaging with the permanent magnets 28 and 29. The permanent magnets 28, 29 having the two adjacent engaging portions, which are in close contact with and engaged with the engaging surfaces 24, 25 and 26, 27, respectively, are located at the center. The magnetic pole portion P2 is magnetized so that its engagement surfaces 25 and 26 have the same polarity.
When the winding W1 is excited, the magnetomotive force of the winding W1 and the magnetomotive forces of the permanent magnets 28 and 29 are connected in parallel to supply a magnetic flux to an air gap with the rotor teeth 4. It has become.
[0047]
[Fifth embodiment]
FIG. 6 shows a fifth embodiment of the variable reluctance motor according to the present invention, and is a longitudinal sectional view showing one magnetic pole pair constituting a stator 31 of the variable reluctance motor. FIG. 4 is a diagram corresponding to one magnetic pole pair in the stator 1 of FIG. 3.
[0048]
In the core 32 of one magnetic pole pair P of the stator 31, three magnetic pole portions P1, P2 and P3 arranged in three rows in the axial direction of the stator 31 are magnetically coupled by a back yoke portion 33. A winding W1 is wound around the center magnetic pole portion P2. Each of the three magnetic pole portions P1, P2, and P3 has the same number of stator small teeth 3 on the surface facing the rotor teeth 4, and the axial length of the stator small teeth 3 is about 1: 2: 1. Is set to the ratio. The three magnetic pole portions P1, P2, P3 or the small stator teeth 3 are arranged at the same phase (or at the same pitch angle position) with respect to the rotor teeth 4.
[0049]
The three magnetic pole portions P1, P2, and P3 have engaging surfaces 34, 35 for engaging with the permanent magnets 38, 39 at portions of the opposing surfaces closer to the rotor 2 than the winding portions. , 36, 37, and the permanent magnets 38, 39 closely and engaged between the engagement surfaces 34, 35 and 36, 37, respectively, which form two adjacent engagement portions, It is magnetized so that the engagement surfaces 35 and 36 with the magnetic pole portion P2 have the same polarity.
[0050]
When the winding W1 is excited, the magnetomotive force of the winding W1 and the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnets 38 and 39 are connected in parallel to supply a magnetic flux to the air gap.
[0051]
In the description of the present embodiment, the technology of the present invention is not limited to the technology of the above-described embodiment, and may be implemented by means of another mode that performs a similar function. Various changes and additions are possible within the scope of the configuration. Further, the present invention can be applied not only to a rotary motor but also to a linear motor.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, according to the variable reluctance motor of the present invention, when the winding of the magnetic pole pair is excited, the magnetomotive force of the winding and the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet engaged between the magnetic pole pairs are reduced. Are connected in parallel, and not only the magnetic flux due to the winding magnetomotive force but also the magnetic flux due to the permanent magnet flows in the air gap portion, so that the air gap magnetic flux increases as compared with the case where the permanent magnet is not provided.
For this reason, by generating a necessary gap magnetic flux with as little winding current as possible, there is an excellent effect that higher torque can be generated when compared with the same winding current value.
[0053]
Further, since the magnetic flux flows through the core portion of the magnetic pole pair depending on the magnetomotive force obtained by subtracting the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet from the winding magnetomotive force, the magnetic flux decreases compared to the case where the permanent magnet is not provided. As a result, the magnetomotive force loss in the iron core portion decreases, and contributes to the increase in the air gap magnetic flux.
[0054]
Further, since the magnetic resistance between the magnetic pole pairs is high, the leakage magnetic flux is reduced, and the air gap magnetic flux is increased accordingly. As a result, the air gap magnetic flux with respect to the current increases, and a higher torque is generated as compared with the conventional type.
As described above, the variable reluctance motor of the present invention has a magnetic structure in which the magnetic energy of the permanent magnet provided inside is effectively utilized through the excitation of the magnetic poles. There is an effect that a high torque can be generated.
[0055]
Further, when the same torque as that of the conventional type is sufficient, the copper current is reduced by the smaller winding current, and the magnetic flux in the iron core is also reduced, so that the iron loss in the stator core is also reduced. Therefore, there is an effect that the efficiency is higher than that of the conventional type.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a variable reluctance motor according to a first embodiment of the variable reluctance motor of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a variable reluctance motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a variable reluctance motor showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention and showing one magnetic pole pair in the stator of the variable reluctance motor, and corresponds to one magnetic pole pair in the stator 1 of FIG. 1 or 2; FIG.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention and showing one magnetic pole pair in the stator of the variable reluctance motor, and is a view corresponding to one magnetic pole pair in the stator 1 of FIG. 3; .
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a conventional variable reluctance motor, showing a magnetic structure of the variable reluctance motor.
[Explanation of symbols]
A, B, C, ~ F, P Magnetic pole pairs
A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, ..., F1, F2 Magnetic poles
A3, B3, C3 ~ F3 Back yoke
A4, A5, B4, B5, C4, C5 to F4, F5 engagement surface
A6, B6, C6, ~ F6 Permanent magnet
M1, M2, M3 Variable reluctance motor
P1, P2, P3 Magnetic pole part
W1, W2, W3, to W12 winding (excitation winding)
1,21,31 Stator
2 rotor
3 Small stator teeth
4 Rotor small teeth
6 Rotor shaft
22, 32 iron core
23, 33 Back yoke part
24-27, 34-37 engagement surface
28, 29, 38, 39 permanent magnet

Claims

A rotor in which a plurality of rotor teeth are arranged at regular intervals on the surface of the rotor facing the stator along the direction of relative movement of the rotor and the stator, and one or more rotor teeth are provided on the surface facing the rotor teeth via an air gap. An m-phase variable reluctance motor, comprising: a plurality of P stator poles each having a stator small tooth of; and a stator disposed along the relative movement direction.
Each of the two adjacent stator magnetic poles is magnetically coupled at a back yoke portion, and an exciting winding is wound around each of the stator magnetic poles or the back yoke portion to form the two adjacent stator magnetic poles. Are formed in the same phase with respect to the rotor teeth, and at a portion closer to the rotor than the winding winding portion on the mutually facing surfaces of the two stator poles, for engaging with a permanent magnet. The permanent magnet that has an engaging surface and is engaged between the engaging surfaces is such that an engaging surface with one magnetic pole side is an N pole and an engaging surface with the other magnetic pole side is an S pole. When the exciting winding is excited, each of the two stator poles forming the pair is excited to have a different polarity from each other, and the P / 2 pairs are magnetized. The magnetic force and the magnetomotive force generated by the excitation winding are connected in parallel and cooperate When the magnetic flux is generated in the air gap and the tooth pitch of the rotor is τ, each of the two stator poles in an adjacent pair has a phase difference of (c / m) τ with respect to the rotor tooth. A variable reluctance motor characterized by being disposed to have.
Here, m is an integer of 3 or more, and c is an integer of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number, and is an odd number of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number other than m / 2.

The rotor has a cylindrical shape or a disk shape, the relative movement direction is a circumferential direction, and the P / 2 pairs of the stator magnetic pole pairs are arranged at an equal pitch of 720 ° / P. When the number is Z _R , the number of stator small teeth is nS, and a is an integer of 1 or more, the number of stator magnetic poles is represented by P = 2 am, and the number of rotor teeth Z _R satisfies the following relational expression. The variable reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein
Here, Z _R = a {m (n + k) + c}, n is an integer satisfying n ≧ nS−1, k = nS, or k = nS + 1.

A rotor in which a plurality of rotor teeth are arranged at regular intervals on the surface of the rotor facing the stator along the direction of relative movement of the rotor and the stator, and one or more rotor teeth are provided on the surface facing the rotor teeth via an air gap. M-phase variable reluctance motor comprising: a plurality of P stator poles each having a plurality of stator small teeth, the stators being arranged in two rows along a direction perpendicular to the relative movement direction and along the relative movement direction. At
Each of the two stator magnetic poles disposed in a direction perpendicular to the relative movement direction is magnetically coupled by a back yoke portion, and an excitation winding is wound around each of the stator magnetic poles or the back yoke portion. , Each of the two stator poles is formed in the same phase with respect to the rotor teeth, and the two stator poles are permanently attached to a portion closer to the rotor than a winding winding portion of the opposing surfaces of the two stator poles. The permanent magnet has an engagement surface for engaging with a magnet, and the permanent magnet engaged between the engagement surfaces has an N-pole engagement surface with one magnetic pole side and an engagement surface with the other magnetic pole side. Each of the two stator poles forming a pair when the excitation winding is excited is excited to have a different polarity from each other, while forming P pairs that are magnetized so that the surface becomes an S pole. The magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet and the magnetomotive force of the excitation winding are connected in parallel. When the magnetic flux is generated in the air gap in cooperation with each other and the tooth pitch of the rotor is τ, each of the stator magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the relative movement direction has a phase difference of (c / m) τ. A variable reluctance motor characterized by being arranged to have.
Here, m is an integer of 3 or more, and c is an integer of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number, and is an odd number of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number other than m / 2.

The rotor has a cylindrical shape or a disk shape, the relative movement direction is a circumferential direction, and a direction perpendicular to the relative movement direction is an axial direction when the rotor is a cylindrical shape. In this case, the number of the stator pole pairs is arranged at an equal pitch of 360 ° / P, the number of rotor teeth is Z _R , the number of small stator teeth is nS, and a is an integer of 1 or more. when the said expressed by the stator poles P = am, variable reluctance motor according to claim 3 rotor tooth number Z _R is characterized by satisfying the following relationship.
Here, Z _R = a (mn + c), and n is an integer satisfying n ≧ nS−1.

A rotor in which a plurality of rotor teeth are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on an outer peripheral surface or an inner peripheral surface of the rotor, and one or more stator teeth are provided on a surface opposed to the rotor teeth via an air gap. In an m-phase variable reluctance motor including a stator in which a plurality of P stator poles having teeth are disposed along a circumferential direction, each of the three stator poles arranged in a row is a back When magnetic excitation is wound around the stator magnetic pole or the back yoke part by a yoke part, and the number of stator small teeth of the magnetic poles at both ends of the three stator magnetic poles is nS. The number of small stator teeth of the center magnetic pole is 1.6 nS to 2.4 nS, and is formed in the same phase with respect to the rotor teeth. Turn to rotor The two adjacent engaging portions for engaging with the permanent magnet, and the permanent magnets respectively engaged between the two adjacent engaging portions are located at the central magnetic pole side. P / 3 pairs are magnetized so that their engagement surfaces have the same polarity, and the three stator poles forming a pair when the excitation windings are excited are adjacent stator poles. Are excited with different polarities from each other, and the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet and the magnetomotive force of the excitation winding are connected in parallel to cooperate to generate a magnetic flux in the air gap, and reduce the tooth pitch of the rotor by τ. In the variable reluctance motor, adjacent stator magnetic poles in an adjacent pair are disposed so as to have a phase difference of (c / m) τ with respect to the rotor teeth.
Here, m is an integer of 3 or more, and c is an integer of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number, and is an odd number of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number other than m / 2.

A rotor in which a plurality of rotor teeth are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on an outer peripheral surface or an inner peripheral surface of the rotor, and one or more stator teeth are provided on a surface opposed to the rotor teeth via an air gap. An m-phase variable reluctance motor comprising: a plurality of stator magnetic poles having teeth arranged in P circumferentially and in three rows along an axial direction;
The three stator magnetic poles disposed in the axial direction are magnetically coupled at a back yoke portion, and an exciting winding is wound around the stator magnetic pole or the back yoke portion. When the axial length of the stator teeth of the magnetic poles at both ends of the magnetic pole is LS, the axial length of the stator teeth of the central magnetic pole is in the range of 1.6 LS to 2.4 LS, and At the two axial openings formed by the three stator magnetic poles formed in phase with the teeth, the magnetic poles are located closer to the rotor than the windings on the surfaces facing each other, The permanent magnet, which has an engagement portion for engaging with a permanent magnet and is engaged between the engagement surfaces of the two engagement portions, has the same engagement surface with the center magnetic pole side. The P windings are magnetized so as to have polarities, and the excitation windings are excited. When the magnetic poles adjacent to each other are excited with different polarities, the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet and the magnetomotive force of the winding are connected in parallel to generate a magnetic flux in the air gap. The variable reluctance motor is characterized in that, when the tooth pitch of the rotor is τ, each of the stator poles adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction has a phase difference of (c / m) τ. . Here, m is an integer of 3 or more, and c is an integer of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number, and is an odd number of 1 or more and smaller than m when m is an odd number other than m / 2.