JP2004083761A - Liquid-sealing material and semiconductor device - Google Patents

Liquid-sealing material and semiconductor device Download PDF

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JP2004083761A
JP2004083761A JP2002247822A JP2002247822A JP2004083761A JP 2004083761 A JP2004083761 A JP 2004083761A JP 2002247822 A JP2002247822 A JP 2002247822A JP 2002247822 A JP2002247822 A JP 2002247822A JP 2004083761 A JP2004083761 A JP 2004083761A
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sealing material
liquid
semiconductor chip
liquid sealing
specific gravity
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JP4265174B2 (en
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Yuji Ogisu
荻巣 祐司
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Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
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Matsushita Electric Works Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid-sealing material having high productivity without needing to previously prepare a film and a frame body, not lowering productivity and capable of lowering cost, compared with a case when using an underfill material. <P>SOLUTION: The present invention relates to the liquid-sealing material for sealing a space 5 formed between a chip carrier 1 on which a semiconductor chip 2 is mounted and the semiconductor chip 2. In the liquid sealing material, the specific gravity is kept to ≤1.5 and the thixotropic index is kept to ≥2.0 by compounding a liquid resin with a filler. As a result, a package free from unevenness can be obtained on the surface of the cured product and the space 5 can be sealed by carrying out nearly the same operation as the underfill material and permeation up to the deep part of the space 5 can be prevented. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、半導体装置(デバイス)の製造に用いられる液状封止材料及びこれを用いて製造される半導体装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、プリント配線板等の基板(ドウターボード)などのチップキャリアにICやLSIなどの半導体チップをフリップチップ実装(フェイスダウン実装)などで表面実装した場合、チップキャリアと半導体チップの隙間はアンダーフィル材で封止することが行なわれている。従来、このアンダーフィル材は上記の隙間の全体に液状樹脂を充填して硬化させることにより形成されるものであって、チップキャリアと半導体チップとの機械的な接続強度を向上させると共に大気中の水分から半導体チップの回路等を保護するためなどの目的で設けられるものである。
【0003】
ところで、バンプによる接続だけでチップキャリアと半導体チップの機械的な接続強度を実用上十分に確保することができる半導体装置、例えば、動作寿命が短期間でよい半導体装置や商品サイクルが短い半導体装置などでは、アンダーフィル材によるバンプ接続部の補強を必要としないものである。また、このデバイス(半導体装置)自身が圧電素子のような振動をするようなデバイス(SAWなど)である場合、半導体チップの裏面に封止樹脂がかかるだけで、機能が発現することができず、デバイス信頼性の劣化が発生してしまうものである。従って、このような半導体装置ではアンダーフィル材を使用せず、簡易的にチップキャリアと半導体チップの隙間を閉塞し、隙間に大気が浸入するのを防止して大気中の水分から半導体チップの回路等を保護するようにしていた。
【0004】
このように簡易的に上記の隙間を閉塞する方法としては、例えば、図2(a)(b)に示すように、有機合成樹脂等で形成されるフィルム10を半導体チップ2の全周に沿って貼着する方法がある。この方法ではフィルム10の上端を半導体チップ2の周面に全周に亘って密着すると共にフィルム10の下端をチップキャリア(基板)1の表面に密着することによって、チップキャリア1と半導体チップ2の隙間5を閉塞するものである。また、図3(a)(b)の例は有機合成樹脂等で形成される枠体11を半導体チップ2の全周に沿って設ける方法であって、枠体11の下面をチップキャリア1の表面(上面)に密着すると共に枠体11の内面をチップキャリア2の周面に全周に亘って密着することによって、チップキャリア1と半導体チップ2の隙間5を閉塞するものである。そして、上記方法ではフィルム10や枠体11で隙間5に大気が浸入するのを低減することができ、隙間5に存在する半導体チップ2の回路6やバンプ4に腐食等の化学的な劣化が起こりにくくすることができるのであり、しかも、高価なアンダーフィル材を用いないので、低コスト化を図ることができるものであった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、図2や図3に示す方法では予めフィルム10や枠体11を有機合成樹脂等から成形しなければならず、アンダーフィル材(液状樹脂)を用いる場合に比べてフィルム10や枠体11を製造するための工程が増加し、生産性が低くなるという問題があった。また、従来のアンダーフィル材用の液状樹脂は、上記の隙間5の全体に注入して充填することを目的として製造されているために、隙間5の開口部(隙間5の端部)5aのみに充填することが難しく、隙間5の全体に充填されてしまうものであり、このために、液状樹脂の使用量が増えて低コスト化を図ることができないものであり、また、圧電素子のような振動をするようなデバイスである場合にはデバイス信頼性の劣化があった。
【0006】
本発明は上記の点に鑑みてなされたものであり、フィルムや枠体を用いる場合に比べ生産性を高くすることができ、低コスト化を図ることができる液状封止材料を提供することを目的とするものである。また、本発明は上記の液状封止材料を用いた低コストの半導体装置を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の請求項1に係る液状封止材料は、半導体チップ2が実装されるチップキャリア1と半導体チップ2との間に形成される隙間5を封止するための液状封止材料であって、液状樹脂に充填材を配合することによって、比重1.5以下でチキソトロピー指数2.0以上にして成ることを特徴とするものである。
【0008】
また、本発明の請求項2に係る液状封止材料は、請求項1に加えて、150℃でのゲルタイムが10秒以下で120℃でのゲルタイムが30秒以下であることを特徴とするものである。
【0009】
また、本発明の請求項3に係る液状封止材料は、請求項1又は2に加えて、25℃における粘度が10〜1000Pa・sであることを特徴とするものである。
【0010】
また、本発明の請求項4に係る液状封止材料は、請求項1乃至3のいずれかに加えて、液状樹脂として水添型ビスフェノールエポキシ樹脂を、この液状樹脂の硬化剤としてカチオン系重合開始剤をそれぞれ用いて成ることを特徴とするものである。
【0011】
本発明の請求項5に係る半導体装置は、半導体チップ2が実装されるチップキャリア1と半導体チップ2との間に形成される隙間5を請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の液状封止材料で封止して成ることを特徴とするものである。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
【0013】
本発明では液状樹脂として、エポキシ樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、フェノール樹脂などの熱硬化性樹脂であって、常温(25℃)で液状のものを用いることができる。これらの中でも、特に、液状エポキシ樹脂が好ましく、具体的には、ジシクロペンタジエン型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂、臭素含有エポキシ樹脂、o−クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、ビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂などを例示することができる。ただし、後述の硬化剤との相性、及び粘度制約より、低粘度ではあるが硬化反応性が遅いとされる水添型ビスフェノールタイプのエポキシ樹脂を用いるのがより好ましい。また、液状樹脂として上記のようなエポキシ樹脂を用いる場合、その硬化剤としてはアリル基を有するフェノールなどのフェノール類、エチレントリアミンなどのアミン類、無水フタール酸等の酸無水物、カチオン系重合開始剤などを一種又は二種以上を併せて用いることができるが、これに限定されるものではない。ただし、前述の液状樹脂との相性、及び粘度制約より、カチオン系重合開始剤を用いるのがより好ましい。
【0014】
本発明では充填材として、比重が1.0以下の低比重充填材と比重が1.0より大きい高比重充填材とを併用して用いるものである。低比重充填材としては、粒径5〜100μmの中空シリカ(シリカバルーン)や中空ガラス(ガラスバルーン)などを例示することができる。本発明では一種の低比重充填材を単独で用いたり二種以上の低比重充填材を併用したりすることができる。尚、本発明で使用する低比重充填材としては現在比重0.1以上のものが入手可能であるので、低比重充填材の比重の下限は実質的にこの値となる。また、高比重充填材としては結晶シリカ、溶融シリカ、合成シリカ、アルミナ、窒化珪素等の無機充填材を一種又は二種以上併せて用いることができる。尚、本発明で使用する高比重充填材としては現在比重10以下のものが入手可能であるので、高比重充填材の比重の上限は実質的にこの値となる。
【0015】
低比重充填材の配合量は充填材の全量に対して5〜50質量%であることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは10〜40質量%にする。低比重充填材の配合量が充填材の全量に対して5質量%より少ないと、本発明の液状封止材料の比重を1.5以下にするのが難しくなり、低比重充填材の配合量が充填材の全量に対して50質量%より多いと、本発明の液状封止材料の硬化物により熱等で発生する応力を緩和することが難しくなり、半導体装置に反りが発生する恐れがある。
【0016】
本発明では、上記の液状樹脂等の特性に応じてカップリング剤、顔料、染料、消泡剤、改質剤などを適量配合することができる。
【0017】
そして、本発明の液状封止材料は上記の液状樹脂、硬化剤、充填材及びその他の成分をミキサー等によって均一に混合した後、ロール等によって混練することによって、液状樹脂組成物として調製するものである。各成分の配合順は特に限定はない。
【0018】
本発明の液状封止材料では上記の液状樹脂、硬化剤、充填材の種類や配合量等を調整することによって、比重1.2〜1.5でチキソトロピー指数(チクソ指数)2.0〜5.0好ましくは3.0〜5.0にするものである。特に、液状封止材料の比重は充填材の配合量、中でも低比重充填材の配合量を調整することによりを容易に調整することができる。上記の比重が1.5より大きかったりチキソトロピー指数が2.0より小さかったりすると、液状封止材料がチップキャリア1と半導体チップ2との間に形成される隙間5の深部(中央部)にまで浸入してしまい、液状封止材料の使用量が多くなって低コスト化を図ることができないものであり、また、圧電素子のような振動をするようなデバイスである場合にはデバイスとしての信頼性が確保できない。また、液状封止材料の比重が1.2より小さいと汎用、高比重の充填材を添加することができず、IC等の半導体チップ2や基板等のチップキャリア1との線膨張係数の違いによる応力を緩和することができず、液状封止材料のチキソトロピー指数が6.0より大きくなると、液状封止材料の硬化物3にボイドが発生し、隙間5の密閉性が低下する恐れがある。尚、チキソトロピー指数の調整はアエロジル等の増粘剤の添加量の大小によって、より容易に行うことができ、増粘剤を配合する場合は液状封止材料の全量に対して3質量%以下の配合量にするのが好ましい。
【0019】
また、本発明の液状封止材料は上記の液状樹脂、硬化剤、充填材の種類や配合量等を調整することによって、150℃でのゲルタイムが10秒以下で120℃でのゲルタイムが30秒以下にするのが好ましく、また、100℃でのゲルタイムが120秒以下にするのがさらに好ましい。このゲルタイムは、特に、硬化剤の種類や配合量を調整することによりを容易に調整することができる。150℃でのゲルタイムが10秒より長かったり120℃でのゲルタイムが30秒より長かったりすると、液状封止材料が流れにくくなるまでに時間がかかってチップキャリア1と半導体チップ2との間に形成される隙間5の深部(中央部)にまで浸入しやすくなって、液状封止材料の使用量が多くなって低コスト化を図ることができない恐れがあり、また、圧電素子のような振動をするようなデバイスである場合にはデバイスとしての信頼性が確保できない恐れがある。また、液状封止材料のゲルタイムは短すぎると、塗布等ができなくなって取り扱い性が低下したりこの液状封止材料の硬化物の外観劣化などが生じたりするので、150℃でのゲルタイムは2秒以上で120℃でのゲルタイムは5秒以上にするのが好ましい。
【0020】
また、本発明の液状封止材料は上記の液状樹脂、硬化剤、充填材の種類や配合量等を調整することによって、25℃における粘度を10〜1000Pa・sに、より好ましくは10〜30Pa・sにするのが好ましい。25℃における粘度が1000Pa・sより大きいと、液状封止材料の硬化物3の表面の凹凸が顕在化して半導体装置の外観が低下する恐れがある。また、液状封止材料は隙間5の深部にまで浸入させにくくするために、25℃における粘度を10Pa・s以上にするのが好ましい。
【0021】
本発明の液状封止材料は比重、チキソトロピー指数、ゲルタイム、粘度が上記の範囲となるように各成分の配合量を設定すればよいが、例えば、液状樹脂の1当量に対して硬化剤(当量が存在するタイプ)が0.8〜1.2当量になるように、液状樹脂と硬化剤の配合量を設定するのが好ましく、また、充填材は液状封止材料の全量に対して40〜93質量%であることが好ましい。
【0022】
本発明の半導体装置は上記のような液状封止材料の硬化物3で半導体チップ2が実装されるチップキャリア1と半導体チップ2との間に形成される隙間5を封止して閉塞することによって形成されるものである。すなわち、プリント配線板等の基板で形成されるチップキャリア1の表面にフリップチップ実装などで表面実装した後、半導体チップ2の周囲に沿って上記の液状封止材料を塗布や印刷などすることによって、チップキャリア1と半導体チップ2の隙間5の開口部(隙間5の端部)5aに液状封止材料を充填し、この後、60〜220℃で加熱等することにより充填した液状封止材料を硬化させて硬化物3を形成する。このようにして隙間5の開口部5aが全周に亘って硬化物3で封止されて閉塞された半導体装置を形成することができる。
【0023】
そして、本発明の半導体装置は低コスト化のために隙間5の開口部5aのみに液状封止材料を充填して硬化物3を形成し、隙間5の深部にまで液状封止材料を充填しないようにするものである。従って、液状封止材料は半導体チップ2の周面から隙間5の中心に向かって20μm以下の範囲で充填して硬化させるのが好ましい。また、本発明の液状封止材料は上記のように比重1.5以下でチキソトロピー指数2.0以上にするので、上記の範囲を超えて隙間5の深部にまで浸入しないものである。従って、従来例のように予めフィルム10や枠体11を有機合成樹脂等から成形する必要がなくてフィルム10や枠体11を製造するための工程が増加しないものであり、フィルム10や枠体11を用いる場合に比べて生産性を高くすることができるものであり、しかも、本発明の液状封止材料は従来のアンダーフィル材と同様の塗布や印刷等の手段で充填することができ、アンダーフィル材を用いる場合に比べて封止するのに手間が掛からず生産性が低くなることがないものである。また、封止材料の硬化物3により隙間5に大気が浸入するのを低減することができ、隙間5に存在する半導体チップ2の回路6やバンプ4に腐食等の化学的な劣化が起こりにくくすることができるものである。
【0024】
尚、上記の半導体装置ではチップキャリア1として基板を用いているが、これに限定されず、例えば、上面が開口する箱状のチップキャリア1を用いることもある。この場合、チップキャリア1の上面の開口に本発明の液状封止材料を充填して封止することができる。また、チップキャリア1や半導体チップ2に外部から操作可能な可動部、例えば、チップキャリア1や半導体チップ2の性能や動作を変えるために回転させることができるボリュームなどがあって、しかも、その可動部が上記の隙間5に露出している場合、従来のアンダーフィル材では隙間5が完全に封止されてしまうので、操作することが出来なくなってしまうが、本発明では隙間5が液状封止材料で封止されず、空間のままであるので、上記のような可動部がある半導体装置にも適用することができる。
【0025】
【実施例】
以下本発明を実施例によって具体的に説明する。
【0026】
(実施例1〜4、比較例1〜3)
表1に示す配合量(単位は質量部)で液状樹脂、硬化剤、充填材、顔料、カップリング剤、硬化促進剤、増粘剤を配合し、プラネタリーミキサー等のミキサーで均一に混合して液状封止材料を調製した。
【0027】
尚、上記の成分としては以下のものを用いた。
液状樹脂A:ジャパン・エポキシ・レジン(株)製の「エピコート828」
液状樹脂B:ジャパン・エポキシ・レジン(株)製の「YL6663」(水添型ビスフェノールエポキシ樹脂)
液状樹脂C:ジャパン・エポキシ・レジン(株)製の「YL6753」(水添型ビスフェノールエポキシ樹脂)
硬化剤A:ジャパン・エポキシ・レジン(株)製の「エピキュアYH−307」
硬化剤B:旭電化工業(株)製の「アデカオプトンCP−77」(カチオン系重合開始剤)
顔料:カーボンブラック
カップリング剤:信越化学工業(株)製の「KBM−403」
硬化促進剤:旭化成エポキシ(株)製の「ノバキュアHX−3613」
充填材A:(株)龍森製の「RD−8」、最大粒径30μmで比重2.2の結晶シリカ
充填材B:旭硝子(株)製の「CEL−STARZ36」、最大粒径100μmで比重0.4のガラスバルーン
充填材C:最大粒径100μmで比重0.8の中空シリカ90質量%と、最大粒径40μmで比重2.2の合成シリカ10質量%の混合物
増粘剤:日本アエロジル(株)製の「RY−200」
上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜3の液状封止材料について、比重、チキソトロピー指数、25℃における粘度、150℃におけるゲルタイム、120℃におけるゲルタイムをそれぞれ測定した。
【0028】
比重の測定方法は、十分に脱泡した液状封止材料を100ccメスシリンダーにて秤取し、その重量を測定した。
【0029】
チキソトロピー指数の測定方法は、B8H型の回転粘度計を用い、No.7ローターの5rpm/50rpmにより算出した。
【0030】
粘度の測定方法は、B8H型の回転粘度計を用い、No.7ローターの50rpmにより算出した。
【0031】
ゲルタイムの測定方法は、予め所定の温度に加温された熱板上でゲル化するまでの時間を測定した。
【0032】
次に、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜3の液状封止材料を用いて浸入性試験を行なった。まず、2mm×2mm×0.3mm厚の半導体チップ2(下面に金バンプ4及び回路6を有する)をセラミック基板であるチップキャリア1にフリップチップ実装し、この後、液状封止材料を半導体チップ2の全周囲に沿って塗布し、次に、温度120℃、時間120秒で液状封止材料を硬化させて半導体装置を形成した。
【0033】
そして、上記の半導体装置をペンチを用いてチップキャリア1から剥離し、液状封止材料が半導体チップ2の端面から浸入している長さを測定し、その長さが20μm以下であるものを合格とし、20μmを超えるものを不合格とした。このような試験を40個の半導体装置に対して行なった。結果を表1に示す。
【0034】
また、液状封止材料の硬化物3の表面を目視で確認し、凹凸が確認できないものに○を、凹凸が若干確認できるものに△を、凹凸が顕著に確認できるものに×をそれぞれ付した。結果を表1に示す。
【0035】
【表1】

Figure 2004083761
【0036】
表1から明らかなように、実施例1〜4の液状封止材料は比較例1〜3のものに比べて隙間5への浸入性が低いものであった。特に、比重、チキソトロピー指数、25℃における粘度、150℃におけるゲルタイム、120℃におけるゲルタイムの全てが好適な範囲となっている実施例3については、実施例1、2に比べても浸入性が非常に低いものとなり、また、硬化物3の表面の凹凸も少ないものであった。実施例4については粘度が高いために表面状態が低下した。
【0037】
【発明の効果】
上記のように本発明の請求項1の発明は、半導体チップが実装されるチップキャリアと半導体チップとの間に形成される隙間を封止するための液状封止材料であって、液状樹脂に充填材を配合することによって、比重1.5以下でチキソトロピー指数2.0以上にするので、予めフィルムや枠体を形成する必要がなく、従来のアンダーフィル材とほぼ同様の操作で隙間を封止することができ、フィルムや枠体を用いる場合に比べて生産性を高くすることができると共にアンダーフィル材を用いる場合に比べて生産性が低くなることなく、しかも、従来のアンダーフィル材のように隙間の深部にまで浸入しないようにすることができ、使用量を抑えることができて低コスト化を図ることができるものである。また、本発明は、弾性表面波フィルター(SAWフィルター)や半導体チップに外部から操作可能な可動部で性能や動作を制御できるデバイスにおいて、空間を維持して封止できるためにこれらの性能を発揮させることができるものである。
【0038】
また本発明の請求項2の発明は、150℃でのゲルタイムが10秒以下で120℃でのゲルタイムが30秒以下であるので、隙間への浸入をより抑えることができ、低コスト化を確実に図ることができるものである。
【0039】
また、本発明の請求項3の発明は、25℃における粘度が10〜1000Pa・sであるので、硬化物の表面に凹凸を生じにくくすることができ、半導体装置の外観の低下を抑えることができるものである。
【0040】
また、本発明の請求項4の発明は、液状樹脂として水添型ビスフェノールエポキシ樹脂を、この液状樹脂の硬化剤としてカチオン系重合開始剤をそれぞれ用いるので、ゲルタイムの調整や粘度の調整を容易に行うことができるものである。
【0041】
本発明の請求項5の発明は、半導体チップが実装されるチップキャリアと半導体チップとの間に形成される隙間を請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の液状封止材料で封止するので、予めフィルムや枠体を形成する必要がなく、従来のアンダーフィル材とほぼ同様の操作で隙間を封止することができ、アンダーフィル材を用いる場合に比べて生産性が低くなることなく、しかも、従来のアンダーフィル材のように隙間の深部にまで浸入しないようにすることができ、使用量を抑えることができて低コスト化を図ることができるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の半導体装置の実施の形態の一例を示し、(a)は平面図、(b)は断面図である。
【図2】従来例を示し、(a)は平面図、(b)は断面図である。
【図3】他の従来例を示し、(a)は平面図、(b)は断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 チップキャリア
2 半導体チップ
5 隙間[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a liquid sealing material used for manufacturing a semiconductor device (device) and a semiconductor device manufactured using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when a semiconductor chip such as an IC or an LSI is surface-mounted on a chip carrier such as a substrate (a daughter board) such as a printed wiring board by flip-chip mounting (face-down mounting), the gap between the chip carrier and the semiconductor chip is undersized. Sealing with a fill material is performed. Conventionally, this underfill material is formed by filling and curing a liquid resin in the whole of the above-mentioned gap, and improves the mechanical connection strength between the chip carrier and the semiconductor chip, and at the same time improves the strength of the atmosphere. It is provided for the purpose of, for example, protecting a circuit or the like of a semiconductor chip from moisture.
[0003]
By the way, a semiconductor device that can sufficiently secure the mechanical connection strength between a chip carrier and a semiconductor chip only by a connection using only bumps, such as a semiconductor device having a short operation life and a semiconductor device having a short product cycle. Does not require reinforcement of the bump connection portion with an underfill material. Further, when the device (semiconductor device) itself is a device (such as SAW) that vibrates like a piezoelectric element, the function cannot be realized only by applying the sealing resin to the back surface of the semiconductor chip. In this case, device reliability deteriorates. Therefore, such a semiconductor device does not use an underfill material, simply closes the gap between the chip carrier and the semiconductor chip, prevents the air from entering the gap, and removes the circuit of the semiconductor chip from moisture in the atmosphere. And so on.
[0004]
As a method for simply closing the above gap, for example, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, a film 10 formed of an organic synthetic resin or the like is formed along the entire periphery of the semiconductor chip 2. There is a method of sticking. In this method, the upper end of the film 10 is adhered to the entire peripheral surface of the semiconductor chip 2 and the lower end of the film 10 is adhered to the surface of the chip carrier (substrate) 1, so that the chip carrier 1 and the semiconductor chip 2 are separated. The gap 5 is closed. 3A and 3B show a method in which a frame 11 made of an organic synthetic resin or the like is provided along the entire periphery of the semiconductor chip 2, and the lower surface of the frame 11 is attached to the chip carrier 1. The gap 5 between the chip carrier 1 and the semiconductor chip 2 is closed by closely adhering to the front surface (upper surface) and adhering the inner surface of the frame 11 to the peripheral surface of the chip carrier 2 over the entire circumference. In the above-described method, it is possible to reduce the invasion of air into the gap 5 by the film 10 or the frame 11, and the circuit 6 and the bumps 4 of the semiconductor chip 2 existing in the gap 5 are not chemically degraded by corrosion or the like. In addition, it is possible to reduce the cost, because an expensive underfill material is not used.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the method shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the film 10 and the frame 11 must be formed in advance from an organic synthetic resin or the like. However, there is a problem that the number of steps for manufacturing the compound increases and the productivity decreases. In addition, since the conventional liquid resin for the underfill material is manufactured for the purpose of injecting and filling the entirety of the gap 5, only the opening (the end of the gap 5) 5a of the gap 5 is provided. It is difficult to fill the gap 5 and the entire space 5 is filled. For this reason, the amount of the liquid resin used is increased, and cost reduction cannot be achieved. In the case of a device that vibrates vigorously, device reliability deteriorated.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid sealing material that can increase productivity as compared with a case where a film or a frame is used, and that can reduce cost. It is the purpose. Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost semiconductor device using the above-mentioned liquid sealing material.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The liquid sealing material according to claim 1 of the present invention is a liquid sealing material for sealing a gap 5 formed between a semiconductor chip 2 and a chip carrier 1 on which a semiconductor chip 2 is mounted. And a thixotropy index of 2.0 or more at a specific gravity of 1.5 or less by adding a filler to the liquid resin.
[0008]
Further, the liquid sealing material according to claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that, in addition to claim 1, the gel time at 150 ° C. is 10 seconds or less and the gel time at 120 ° C. is 30 seconds or less. It is.
[0009]
The liquid sealing material according to claim 3 of the present invention is characterized in that, in addition to claim 1 or 2, the viscosity at 25 ° C. is 10 to 1000 Pa · s.
[0010]
The liquid encapsulating material according to claim 4 of the present invention is characterized in that, in addition to any one of claims 1 to 3, a hydrogenated bisphenol epoxy resin is used as a liquid resin, and a cationic polymerization initiator is used as a curing agent for the liquid resin. Characterized in that they are prepared by using respective agents.
[0011]
In the semiconductor device according to claim 5 of the present invention, the gap 5 formed between the chip carrier 1 on which the semiconductor chip 2 is mounted and the semiconductor chip 2 is formed by liquid sealing according to any one of claims 1 to 4. It is characterized by being sealed with a material.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
[0013]
In the present invention, as the liquid resin, a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin, a silicone resin, a urethane resin, a polyimide resin, and a phenol resin, which is liquid at room temperature (25 ° C.) can be used. Among these, a liquid epoxy resin is particularly preferable, and specific examples thereof include a dicyclopentadiene-type epoxy resin, a bisphenol-type epoxy resin, a bromine-containing epoxy resin, an o-cresol novolak-type epoxy resin, and a biphenyl-type epoxy resin. be able to. However, it is more preferable to use a hydrogenated bisphenol-type epoxy resin which is low in viscosity but slow in curing reactivity due to compatibility with a curing agent described below and viscosity restrictions. When the epoxy resin as described above is used as the liquid resin, the curing agent is a phenol such as phenol having an allyl group, an amine such as ethylenetriamine, an acid anhydride such as phthalic anhydride, or a cationic polymerization initiator. Agents and the like can be used alone or in combination of two or more, but are not limited thereto. However, it is more preferable to use a cationic polymerization initiator because of the compatibility with the liquid resin described above and restrictions on viscosity.
[0014]
In the present invention, as the filler, a low specific gravity filler having a specific gravity of 1.0 or less and a high specific gravity filler having a specific gravity of more than 1.0 are used in combination. Examples of the low specific gravity filler include hollow silica (silica balloon) and hollow glass (glass balloon) having a particle size of 5 to 100 μm. In the present invention, one kind of low specific gravity filler can be used alone, or two or more kinds of low specific gravity filler can be used in combination. As the low specific gravity filler used in the present invention, a specific gravity of 0.1 or more is currently available, so the lower limit of the specific gravity of the low specific gravity filler is substantially this value. In addition, as the high specific gravity filler, one or two or more inorganic fillers such as crystalline silica, fused silica, synthetic silica, alumina, and silicon nitride can be used. As the high specific gravity filler used in the present invention, a specific gravity of 10 or less is currently available, so that the upper limit of the specific gravity of the high specific gravity filler is substantially this value.
[0015]
The amount of the low specific gravity filler is preferably 5 to 50% by mass, more preferably 10 to 40% by mass, based on the total amount of the filler. When the amount of the low specific gravity filler is less than 5% by mass based on the total amount of the filler, it becomes difficult to reduce the specific gravity of the liquid sealing material of the present invention to 1.5 or less, and the amount of the low specific gravity filler is mixed. Is more than 50% by mass with respect to the total amount of the filler, it is difficult to reduce stress generated by heat or the like due to the cured product of the liquid sealing material of the present invention, and the semiconductor device may be warped. .
[0016]
In the present invention, an appropriate amount of a coupling agent, a pigment, a dye, a defoaming agent, a modifying agent, and the like can be blended according to the characteristics of the liquid resin and the like.
[0017]
The liquid sealing material of the present invention is prepared as a liquid resin composition by uniformly mixing the above liquid resin, curing agent, filler and other components with a mixer or the like, and kneading with a roll or the like. It is. The order of blending each component is not particularly limited.
[0018]
In the liquid encapsulating material of the present invention, the thixotropy index (Thixo index) is 2.0 to 5 at a specific gravity of 1.2 to 1.5 by adjusting the types and amounts of the liquid resin, the curing agent, and the filler. 0.0, preferably 3.0 to 5.0. In particular, the specific gravity of the liquid sealing material can be easily adjusted by adjusting the compounding amount of the filler, especially the compounding amount of the low specific gravity filler. When the above specific gravity is larger than 1.5 or the thixotropy index is smaller than 2.0, the liquid sealing material extends to the deep part (central part) of the gap 5 formed between the chip carrier 1 and the semiconductor chip 2. Infiltration causes an increase in the amount of liquid sealing material used, which makes it impossible to reduce the cost. In the case of a device that vibrates like a piezoelectric element, the reliability of the device is reduced. Cannot be secured. If the specific gravity of the liquid sealing material is smaller than 1.2, a general-purpose, high specific gravity filler cannot be added, and the difference in the linear expansion coefficient between the semiconductor chip 2 such as an IC and the chip carrier 1 such as a substrate. When the thixotropic index of the liquid sealing material is larger than 6.0, voids are generated in the cured product 3 of the liquid sealing material, and the sealing property of the gap 5 may be reduced. . The thixotropic index can be adjusted more easily by adjusting the amount of a thickener such as Aerosil and the like. When a thickener is added, 3% by mass or less based on the total amount of the liquid sealing material is used. It is preferable to set the amount.
[0019]
In addition, the liquid sealing material of the present invention has a gel time at 150 ° C. of 10 seconds or less and a gel time at 120 ° C. of 30 seconds by adjusting the types and amounts of the liquid resin, the curing agent, and the filler. The gel time at 100 ° C. is more preferably 120 seconds or less. In particular, the gel time can be easily adjusted by adjusting the type and the amount of the curing agent. If the gel time at 150 ° C. is longer than 10 seconds or the gel time at 120 ° C. is longer than 30 seconds, it takes time before the liquid sealing material becomes difficult to flow, so that the liquid sealing material is formed between the chip carrier 1 and the semiconductor chip 2. It is easy to penetrate into the deep portion (central portion) of the gap 5 to be formed, and the amount of the liquid sealing material used may increase, so that cost reduction may not be achieved. In such a case, the reliability of the device may not be ensured. On the other hand, if the gel time of the liquid sealing material is too short, application and the like cannot be performed, and the handleability is reduced, and the appearance of a cured product of the liquid sealing material is deteriorated. The gel time at 120 ° C. for at least 5 seconds is preferably at least 5 seconds.
[0020]
Further, the liquid sealing material of the present invention adjusts the viscosity at 25 ° C. to 10 to 1000 Pa · s, more preferably 10 to 30 Pa by adjusting the type and the amount of the liquid resin, the curing agent, and the filler.・ S is preferable. If the viscosity at 25 ° C. is greater than 1000 Pa · s, the surface irregularities of the cured product 3 of the liquid encapsulating material may become apparent and the appearance of the semiconductor device may be reduced. In order to make it difficult for the liquid sealing material to penetrate deep into the gap 5, it is preferable that the viscosity at 25 ° C. be 10 Pa · s or more.
[0021]
In the liquid sealing material of the present invention, the compounding amount of each component may be set so that the specific gravity, thixotropic index, gel time, and viscosity fall within the above ranges. For example, a curing agent (equivalent to one equivalent of a liquid resin) is used. It is preferable to set the compounding amount of the liquid resin and the hardening agent so that the amount of the liquid resin and the curing agent is 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents. It is preferably 93% by mass.
[0022]
In the semiconductor device of the present invention, the gap 5 formed between the chip carrier 1 on which the semiconductor chip 2 is mounted and the semiconductor chip 2 is sealed and closed with the cured product 3 of the liquid sealing material as described above. Is formed by That is, after the surface is mounted on the surface of the chip carrier 1 formed of a substrate such as a printed wiring board by flip-chip mounting or the like, the above liquid sealing material is applied or printed along the periphery of the semiconductor chip 2. The liquid sealing material is filled in the opening 5a (end of the gap 5) 5a of the gap 5 between the chip carrier 1 and the semiconductor chip 2 and then filled by heating at 60 to 220 ° C. Is cured to form a cured product 3. In this way, it is possible to form a semiconductor device in which the opening 5a of the gap 5 is sealed over the entire circumference with the cured product 3 and closed.
[0023]
The semiconductor device of the present invention fills only the opening 5a of the gap 5 with the liquid sealing material to form the cured product 3 to reduce the cost, and does not fill the deep portion of the gap 5 with the liquid sealing material for cost reduction. Is to do so. Therefore, it is preferable that the liquid sealing material is filled and cured in a range of 20 μm or less from the peripheral surface of the semiconductor chip 2 toward the center of the gap 5. Further, since the liquid sealing material of the present invention has a specific gravity of 1.5 or less and a thixotropy index of 2.0 or more as described above, the liquid sealing material does not penetrate beyond the above range to the deep portion of the gap 5. Therefore, unlike the conventional example, there is no need to previously mold the film 10 or the frame 11 from an organic synthetic resin or the like, and the number of steps for manufacturing the film 10 or the frame 11 does not increase. 11, the liquid encapsulating material of the present invention can be filled by means such as coating or printing as in the case of the conventional underfill material. In comparison with the case where an underfill material is used, it takes less time and effort to seal and does not lower the productivity. In addition, the cured product 3 of the sealing material can reduce entry of air into the gap 5, and the circuit 6 and the bump 4 of the semiconductor chip 2 existing in the gap 5 are less likely to undergo chemical deterioration such as corrosion. Is what you can do.
[0024]
In the above-described semiconductor device, a substrate is used as the chip carrier 1. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a box-shaped chip carrier 1 having an open upper surface may be used. In this case, the opening on the upper surface of the chip carrier 1 can be filled with the liquid sealing material of the present invention and sealed. The chip carrier 1 or the semiconductor chip 2 has a movable part that can be operated from the outside, for example, a volume that can be rotated to change the performance or operation of the chip carrier 1 or the semiconductor chip 2. When the portion is exposed to the gap 5, the gap 5 is completely sealed with the conventional underfill material, so that the gap 5 cannot be operated. Since it is not sealed with a material but remains in a space, it can be applied to a semiconductor device having the above-described movable portion.
[0025]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples.
[0026]
(Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-3)
A liquid resin, a curing agent, a filler, a pigment, a coupling agent, a curing accelerator, and a thickener are blended in the blending amounts (units by mass) shown in Table 1 and uniformly mixed with a mixer such as a planetary mixer. Thus, a liquid sealing material was prepared.
[0027]
The following components were used as the above components.
Liquid resin A: "Epicoat 828" manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.
Liquid resin B: "YL6663" (hydrogenated bisphenol epoxy resin) manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.
Liquid resin C: "YL6753" (hydrogenated bisphenol epoxy resin) manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.
Curing agent A: "Epicure YH-307" manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.
Curing agent B: "Adeka Opton CP-77" manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd. (cationic polymerization initiator)
Pigment: Carbon black Coupling agent: "KBM-403" manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
Curing accelerator: "NOVACURE HX-3613" manufactured by Asahi Kasei Epoxy Co., Ltd.
Filler A: "RD-8" manufactured by Tatsumori Co., Ltd. Crystalline silica filler having a maximum particle size of 30 [mu] m and a specific gravity of 2.2 B: "CEL-STARZ36" manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., maximum particle size of 100 [mu] m Glass balloon filler C having a specific gravity of 0.4: 90 mass% of hollow silica having a maximum particle size of 100 μm and a specific gravity of 0.8, and a mixture of synthetic silica having a maximum particle size of 40 μm and a specific gravity of 2.2 having a mass of 10 mass%: Japan "RY-200" manufactured by Aerosil Co., Ltd.
With respect to the liquid sealing materials of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, specific gravity, thixotropy index, viscosity at 25 ° C, gel time at 150 ° C, and gel time at 120 ° C were measured, respectively.
[0028]
The specific gravity was measured by weighing a sufficiently defoamed liquid sealing material with a 100 cc graduated cylinder and measuring its weight.
[0029]
The method for measuring the thixotropic index was determined using a B8H type rotational viscometer. Calculated by 5 rpm / 50 rpm of 7 rotors.
[0030]
The viscosity was measured using a B8H type rotational viscometer. Calculated at 50 rpm with 7 rotors.
[0031]
The gel time was measured by measuring the time until gelling on a hot plate preheated to a predetermined temperature.
[0032]
Next, a penetration test was performed using the liquid sealing materials of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 described above. First, a 2 mm × 2 mm × 0.3 mm thick semiconductor chip 2 (having gold bumps 4 and circuits 6 on the lower surface) is flip-chip mounted on a chip carrier 1 which is a ceramic substrate, and then a liquid sealing material is applied to the semiconductor chip. 2 was applied along the entire circumference, and then the liquid sealing material was cured at a temperature of 120 ° C. for a time of 120 seconds to form a semiconductor device.
[0033]
Then, the above semiconductor device is peeled off from the chip carrier 1 using pliers, and the length of the liquid sealing material penetrating from the end face of the semiconductor chip 2 is measured. And those exceeding 20 μm were rejected. Such a test was performed on 40 semiconductor devices. Table 1 shows the results.
[0034]
The surface of the cured product 3 of the liquid encapsulating material was visually observed, and a mark was given to the case where the unevenness was not confirmed, a mark was applied to the case where the unevenness was slightly observed, and a mark was applied to the case where the unevenness was noticeable. . Table 1 shows the results.
[0035]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004083761
[0036]
As is clear from Table 1, the liquid sealing materials of Examples 1 to 4 had lower penetration into the gap 5 than those of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. In particular, Example 3, in which the specific gravity, thixotropic index, viscosity at 25 ° C., gel time at 150 ° C., and gel time at 120 ° C. are all within the preferred ranges, has a very high penetrability even compared to Examples 1 and 2. And the unevenness on the surface of the cured product 3 was also small. In Example 4, since the viscosity was high, the surface condition was lowered.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is a liquid sealing material for sealing a gap formed between a semiconductor chip and a chip carrier on which a semiconductor chip is mounted, wherein the liquid sealing material is By mixing the filler, the specific gravity is 1.5 or less and the thixotropy index is 2.0 or more. Therefore, there is no need to form a film or a frame in advance, and the gap is sealed by the same operation as the conventional underfill material. Can be stopped, the productivity can be increased as compared with the case where a film or a frame is used, and the productivity is not reduced as compared with the case where an underfill material is used. As described above, it is possible to prevent the intrusion into the deep part of the gap, to reduce the amount of use, and to reduce the cost. In addition, the present invention exerts these performances in a device in which performance and operation can be controlled by a movable portion that can be externally operated on a surface acoustic wave filter (SAW filter) or a semiconductor chip because the space can be maintained and sealed. That can be done.
[0038]
In the invention of claim 2 of the present invention, since the gel time at 150 ° C. is 10 seconds or less and the gel time at 120 ° C. is 30 seconds or less, penetration into gaps can be further suppressed and cost reduction can be ensured. It can be aimed at.
[0039]
Further, in the invention of claim 3 of the present invention, since the viscosity at 25 ° C. is 10 to 1000 Pa · s, it is possible to make the surface of the cured product less likely to have irregularities, and to suppress a decrease in the appearance of the semiconductor device. You can do it.
[0040]
In the invention of claim 4 of the present invention, a hydrogenated bisphenol epoxy resin is used as a liquid resin, and a cationic polymerization initiator is used as a curing agent for the liquid resin, so that adjustment of gel time and viscosity can be easily performed. Is what you can do.
[0041]
According to the invention of claim 5 of the present invention, the gap formed between the chip carrier on which the semiconductor chip is mounted and the semiconductor chip is sealed with the liquid sealing material according to any one of claims 1 to 4. It is not necessary to form a film or a frame in advance, the gap can be sealed by almost the same operation as the conventional underfill material, without lowering the productivity as compared with the case of using the underfill material, In addition, unlike the conventional underfill material, it can be prevented from penetrating to the deep part of the gap, so that the used amount can be suppressed and the cost can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A and 1B show an example of an embodiment of a semiconductor device of the present invention, wherein FIG. 1A is a plan view and FIG.
2A and 2B show a conventional example, wherein FIG. 2A is a plan view and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view.
3A and 3B show another conventional example, in which FIG. 3A is a plan view and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 chip carrier 2 semiconductor chip 5 gap

Claims (5)

半導体チップが実装されるチップキャリアと半導体チップとの間に形成される隙間を封止するための液状封止材料であって、液状樹脂に充填材を配合することによって、比重1.5以下でチキソトロピー指数2.0以上にして成ることを特徴とする液状封止材料。A liquid sealing material for sealing a gap formed between a chip carrier on which a semiconductor chip is mounted and a semiconductor chip, and having a specific gravity of 1.5 or less by mixing a filler with a liquid resin. A liquid sealing material characterized by having a thixotropy index of 2.0 or more. 150℃でのゲルタイムが10秒以下で120℃でのゲルタイムが30秒以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液状封止材料。The liquid sealing material according to claim 1, wherein the gel time at 150 ° C is 10 seconds or less and the gel time at 120 ° C is 30 seconds or less. 25℃における粘度が10〜1000Pa・sであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の液状封止材料。The liquid sealing material according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity at 25 ° C. is 10 to 1000 Pa · s. 液状樹脂として水添型ビスフェノールエポキシ樹脂を、この液状樹脂の硬化剤としてカチオン系重合開始剤をそれぞれ用いて成ることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の液状封止材料。The liquid sealing material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a hydrogenated bisphenol epoxy resin is used as the liquid resin, and a cationic polymerization initiator is used as a curing agent for the liquid resin. 半導体チップが実装されるチップキャリアと半導体チップとの間に形成される隙間を請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の液状封止材料で封止して成ることを特徴とする半導体装置。A semiconductor device, wherein a gap formed between a chip carrier on which a semiconductor chip is mounted and a semiconductor chip is sealed with the liquid sealing material according to claim 1.
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