JP2004078288A - Marking-off method, system and program for raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a marking-off system for a raw material that can automate a marking-off operation for machining to a final product form and execute simultaneous measurement of wall thickness distribution and the like, on a raw material of a large casting such as a turbine casing or a diesel engine. <P>SOLUTION: A raw material form is measured with a three-dimensional form measuring instrument, and three-dimensional form data on the raw material are created from the measurement result. Three-dimensional form data with a machining allowance added to final product form data are created and compared with the three-dimensional form data on the raw material to produce a position with maximum overlap. In the position, marking-off is based on the final product form data, which automates a marking-off operation. The comparison of the three-dimensional form data with the machining allowance added to the final product form data and the three-dimensional form data on the raw material can also reveal wall thickness distribution of the raw material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and a system for scoring a material, and a program therefor. In particular, a scoring operation for confirming a processing position on a material such as a large casting such as a turbine casing is automatically performed. And a system and a program therefor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Large castings such as turbine casings and diesel engines have a height of 2-3m and a length of 5-8m, but these castings are generally finished products on the premise of final finishing. Larger castings are used, and when performing precise secondary processing to the final finished dimensions, scribing allowances are made on the product to check the stock removal of the material shape or the processing position on the material. ing.
[0003]
And, in this scoring work, a person measures the outer diameter dimension of the cast casting, compares it with the final finished dimension, examines which part to cut, and scoring, so the final finish in the casting shape Setting of the shape requires skill and is difficult, and it takes a lot of work time, and it has not been possible to measure the shape and dimensions such as the thickness distribution for feeding back to the casting manufacturer.
[0004]
In the fields that require precise secondary processing using such large-scale materials, such as shipbuilding and bridge construction, not only the efficiency and accuracy of processing work but also the improvement of material yield The importance of the scoring process is also great, and therefore, manual scoring called the full scale scoring method and projection scoring method, and in some cases, scoring by electronic photography are performed.
[0005]
Among them, the actual scale scoring method is to spread the actual front, side, and plan views of a building on a vast floor, copy it to a ruler based on it, transport it to a scoring work place, and put it on the material. The projection scoring method uses a projector to project a drawing at a scale of 1/5 to 1/10 on a material surface without developing an original drawing, and enlarges the image to an actual size. It traces the bright line and draws a rule. In addition, the electrophotographic scoring method involves applying a photosensitive agent shop primer on the surface of a conductive material, drying and charging the coating film by corona discharge, projecting an image thereon, forming a latent image, and then including toner. After the developer is sprayed, the toner is removed from a portion having no latent image with an air knife or the like, a toner image is formed, and finally a solvent or heat is applied to fix the toner image on the material.
[0006]
On the other hand, instead of such large parts, in relatively small cast products, forged products, sheet metal, etc., as shown in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. And move it vertically, measure the mounting state of the work such as castings and forgings, calculate the reference axis of the work, calculate the deviation between the machine system coordinate axis and the work reference axis, and convert There is a device that measures a shape and enables automatic scoring with a scoring tool.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the actual scale scoring method uses a square bar or a steel tape as a ruler, so that the working speed is slow and the accuracy is insufficient. Although the projection scoring method has made great progress in workability and accuracy, it cannot be denied that the work speed is as slow as the full scale scoring method in that it is a manual scoring method relying on human power. Further, the electrophotographic scoring method has improved work speed and accuracy, but the expensive scoring work is expensive due to the use of expensive photosensitizer shop primer, and the procedure is complicated and the workability is poor because the electrophotographic method is used. Was.
[0008]
In addition, the actual scale scribing method, projection scoring method, and electrophotographic scoring method are effective for scoring relatively flat structures such as shipbuilding and bridge construction. In the case of a cast product having a large and complicated shape such as, for example, the scored line itself becomes complicated corresponding to the complexity of the shape, and is not a very effective method.
[0009]
The apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-9364 is intended for relatively small castings and forgings, whereas large castings such as turbine casings and diesel engines have high heights as described above. Some have a height of 2-3 m and a length of 5-8 m, and have a complicated shape, making it difficult to use as it is. The decision is made by calculating the presence or absence of excess thickness, determining whether it is necessary to correct the reference axis of the work system, and setting it with scoring position setting means consisting of a keyboard and a joystick. In this case, it is not known whether or not the final finished shape fits well in the measured actual shape of the casting. Therefore, depending on the case, there is a possibility that a position shift may occur and a necessary part may be cut off, and since thickness data of each part cannot be obtained, a thickness distribution is fed back to a casting maker. I cannot do it.
[0010]
Therefore, in the present invention, the optimum scoring position in a large cast product such as a turbine casing is automatically calculated and scoring can be performed automatically. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and a system for marking a material, which can calculate a thickness distribution and can feed back to a casting maker, and a program therefor.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, the invention is described in claim 1 which is a method invention, claim 3 which is an invention of a system for implementing the method invention, and claim 5 which is an invention of a program in the system. To
A three-dimensional shape measuring device for measuring the shape of the material, and a scoring device for scoring the final product shape on the material, a method for scoring and scoring the material by measuring the shape of the material,
The data of the final product shape and the data of the processing allowance to be provided on the material are stored, and the shape of the material is measured by the three-dimensional shape measuring device to create three-dimensional shape data of the material. The data and the processing allowance are added to create three-dimensional shape data, and the position where the overlap is maximized by comparing the three-dimensional shape data of the product with the processing allowance and the three-dimensional shape data of the material, At the position, the scoring device performs scoring with the final product shape data, and the scoring position can be automatically set from the measured material shape.
And Claim 3
A three-dimensional shape measuring device for measuring the material shape, and a scoring device for scoring the final product shape on the material, a material scoring system for scoring and measuring the shape of the material,
A storage device that stores a program for measuring the shape of the material, a scribing program, the final product shape data, and a machining allowance provided for the material, and reads the material shape measurement program from the storage device to read the three-dimensional shape. The measuring device measures the shape of the material, creates three-dimensional shape data of the material from the measurement result, reads the scoring program and the final product shape data from the storage device, and the processing allowance, and sends the final product shape to the scoring program. The three-dimensional shape data obtained by adding the processing allowance to the data and the three-dimensional shape data of the product to which the processing allowance has been added are compared with the three-dimensional shape data of the material to determine the position where the overlap is the maximum, At this position, the scoring device performs scoring with the final product shape data, measures the shape of the material, and automatically sets the scoring position. Characterized in that to allow a constant.
And Claim 5
A scribing program for measuring a material shape, and a scoring device for scoring the final product shape on the material, and measuring and scoring the shape of the material. hand,
The first step of driving the three-dimensional shape measuring instrument to measure the shape of the material and creating three-dimensional shape data of the material from the measurement result, and storing the final product shape data and the processing allowance provided for the material, respectively. A second step of reading the final product shape data and the processing allowance from the stored storage device and creating three-dimensional shape data obtained by adding the processing allowance to the product shape data; and processing the final product shape data created in the second step. A third step of comparing the three-dimensional shape data to which the allowance has been added and the three-dimensional shape data of the material created in the first step to determine the position where the overlap is maximum, and the third step A fourth step of causing the scoring device to perform scoring based on the final product shape data at a position. Characterized in that so as to perform the can.
[0012]
By configuring the material scoring method and system and the program thereof in this manner, an accurate scoring position can be automatically obtained for any large material. Also, since the shape of the material is measured and compared with the data obtained by adding the processing allowance to the final product shape, the thickness distribution at each position in the material can be known, for example, the thickness distribution is fed back to the casting manufacturer. As a result, it is possible to obtain a better cast product, etc., and it is possible to obtain a better product in combination with the automatic scoring of the material.
[0013]
And, at the time of the scoring, as described in claims 2, 4, and 6,
In the scoring, continuous scoring lines on the same surface are continuously scored, and if the scribing lines are discontinuous, a scoring line having a starting point closest to the end point of the scoring line is selected and successively scored. When writing and scoring over a plurality of surfaces, the starting point of the scoring on the first scoring surface is set to the position closest to the vertex where the plurality of surfaces are in contact with each other, and idle running at the time of scoring is minimized. And
And Claim 4
The scoring program continuously scribes continuous scoring lines on the same surface, and when the scoring lines are discontinuous, selects a scoring line having a start point closest to the end point of the scoring line to continuously When scoring over a plurality of surfaces together with scoring, the starting point of scoring on the scoring surface should be the position closest to the vertex where the plurality of surfaces are in contact with each other to minimize idle running during scoring. Features.
And claim 6
In the scoring program in the scoring in the fourth step, a continuous scoring line on the same surface is continuously scored. If the scoring line is discontinuous, a rule having a start point closest to the end point of the scoring line is used. In the case of selecting a writing line and successively scoring and scoring over a plurality of surfaces, the starting point position of the scoring on the first scoring surface is set to the position closest to the vertex where the plurality of surfaces are in contact with each other. It is characterized by minimizing idle running.
[0014]
By minimizing the idle running of the scoring device in scoring in this way, scoring is performed in a minimum time, and efficient scoring can be performed.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be illustratively described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to them unless otherwise specified, and are merely mere descriptions. This is just an example.
[0016]
FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a scoring method in a material scoring system according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a material scoring system according to the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a method for setting a score order to minimize the score time when the score is written on the.
[0017]
In FIG. 2, reference numeral 20 denotes a shape measuring / scoring apparatus for performing shape measurement and scoring by one unit. FIG. 2 (A) is a front view, and FIG. 2 (B) is a side view. Reference numeral 1 denotes a surface plate having an upper surface serving as a reference plane, and 2 denotes a surface on the surface plate 1 in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 2A, and in a horizontal direction (hereinafter, y-axis direction) in FIG. The guide rail 3 extends in a sliding manner. The guide rail 3 is slidably supported and guided in the y-axis direction by a guide rail 2, and is rotated by a forward / reverse rotation of the y-axis motor 4 via a ball screw or the like. It reciprocates in the y-axis direction. Reference numeral 5 denotes a column vertically erected on the slide table 3, and the lifting table 6 is supported and guided by the column 5 so as to be slidable in the vertical direction (hereinafter referred to as the z-axis direction). The lift 6 has a z-axis motor 7, and is reciprocally movable in the z-axis direction via a ball screw or the like by forward / reverse rotation of the z-axis motor 7.
[0018]
Reference numeral 8 denotes a support arm in the left-right direction (hereinafter referred to as the x-axis direction), which is slidably supported in the x-axis direction by the lift 6 and reciprocates in the x-axis direction by the forward / reverse rotation of the x-axis motor 9. It is movable. A rotating bracket 11 rotatable around the first axis 10 in the x-axis direction is provided at the distal end of the support arm 8, and a second axis 12 perpendicular to the axis 10 is provided on the rotating bracket 11. The head 13 is provided rotatably around the head. Then, a measuring tool 16 and a scribing tool 17 are attached to the head 13 via a mounting table 15, and the scribing tool 17 is for making a scribing line on the material 18, and is composed of a scribing needle or the like. I have. The measuring tool 16 and the scribing tool 17 are attached so as to be able to move in and out so that the other does not come into contact with the material 18 when one is used. Reference numeral 19 denotes a table on which the material 18 is placed.
[0019]
In the above description, the apparatus for measuring the three-dimensional shape and the scoring apparatus are described as being combined. However, a portal-type apparatus that moves in the y-axis direction across the material 18 is provided. A three-dimensional shape measuring device and a scoring device may be provided on the side. In addition, these three-dimensional shape measuring instruments and scoring devices also include devices for measuring and scoring by contacting a measuring tool 16 or scoring tool 17 with a material 18 and storing the three-dimensional coordinates at that time, or a laser. A laser unit that irradiates light and receives reflected light, a device that performs measurement by bringing the laser unit close to the object to be measured and storing coordinates when the reflected light reaches a predetermined size, and a marking head Alternatively, an apparatus may be used in which a marking laser head is provided, and marking can be performed by heat using laser light using a thermal transfer material. It is also possible to use a device for scoring with laser light itself, a device for scoring with ink jet, or the like.
[0020]
Reference numeral 21 denotes a device for performing shape measurement and scoring configured as described above, which is driven in the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis directions, to acquire coordinates when the measuring tool 16 comes into contact with the material 18, and to calculate an arithmetic processing unit ( (Hereinafter abbreviated as CPU) A shape measuring / scribing device driving circuit for driving a scoring line on the material 18 in accordance with a scoring command from 22; a storage device 23 for a shape measuring program of the material 18; A storage device for the writing program, 25 is a storage device for the final product shape data of the material and the processing allowance for the material, and the final product shape data uses CAD data at the time of design. 26 is a storage device for data created by adding a processing allowance such as excess thickness to the product shape data, and 27 is a storage device for shape measurement data of the material 18.
[0021]
In the present invention configured as described above, first, the material 18 made of a large cast product such as a turbine casing is placed on the table 19, and the material shape measurement program 23 is read out to the CPU 22 in step S 1 in FIG. The material shape measurement program 23 instructs the shape measurement / scribing device drive circuit 21 to move the slide 3 in the y-axis direction via the guide rail 2, the y-axis motor 4, the ball screw, and the like. The support arm 8 is slid in the z-axis direction on the support column by the z-axis motor 7 and a ball screw, and the x-axis direction is moved by the x-axis motor 9 and a ball screw incorporated in the lift 6. The attached head 13 is rotated by the first shaft 10 and the second shaft 12, and the shape is measured while the measuring tool 16 is vertically contacting the surface of the material 18. The measurement result is sent to the CPU 22 via the shape measurement / scribing device driving circuit 21.
[0022]
Then, in step S2, the CPU 22 converts the shape of the material 18 such as a casting into CAD data as material shape data based on the measurement result, and stores it in the material shape data storage device 27. This is for fitting the shape of the material 18 described later and the final product shape in design. Then, in step S3, the CPU 22 reads the product shape data from the product shape / machining allowance data storage device 25 and converts it into CAD data. In step S4, a machining allowance (surplus) is added, and the CAD data of this final product shape is added. Is corrected, and the data obtained by adding the processing allowance to the product shape data is stored in the storage device 26. In step S5, the CPU 22 reads out the scribing program from the scribing program storage device 24, and stores the contents of the data storage device 26 obtained by adding a processing allowance (surplus) to the product shape and the material created based on the measurement results. By comparing the data with the contents of the storage device 27 storing the shape data, a positional relationship that maximizes the overlap is obtained. Based on the result, a scoring position on the shape of the casting is determined in step S6, and scoring data is created in step S7.
[0023]
Then, in the next step S8, an actual rule is written using the ruled data. This scoring is instructed from the CPU 22 to the shape measuring / scoring device driving circuit 21 as described above, and the slide 3 is moved up and down in the y-axis direction via the guide rail 2, the y-axis motor 4, the ball screw, and the like. The table 6 is slid in the z-axis direction on a support column by a z-axis motor 7 and a ball screw, and the support arm 8 is slid in the x-axis direction by an x-axis motor 9 and a ball screw built in the elevating table 6. The mounting table 15 on which the tool 17 is mounted is rotated by the first shaft 10 and the second shaft 12, and scoring is performed while the scribing tool 17 is perpendicular to the surface of the material 18. In addition, as a matter of course, the scoring may be performed using laser light, ink jet, or the like as described above.
[0024]
In this scoring, in the present invention, control is performed to minimize the scoring time as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3 so that the scribing head does not run idle and take time. That is, in step S20 of FIG. 3, when the scored data is generated as in step S7 of FIG. 1, in step S21, the scored data is converted to the same plane, for example, the xy plane, the xz plane, and the yz plane. In order to collectively scribe each plane, the scribe lines on each plane are grouped. Then, for example, when the score is formed on a plurality of surfaces, the movement to each surface is performed at a minimum distance in step S22. For example, if it is assumed that scoring is performed on three surfaces of an xy plane, an xz plane, and a yz plane, if the start point or the end point of the first scribing line is near the intersection of these three surfaces, the first surface moves to the next surface. Sometimes it is possible to move with a minimum moving distance. Therefore, if it is assumed that the xy plane is first scored, a ruled line having a start point or an end point near the intersection of the three planes of the xy plane, the xz plane, and the yz plane is found and registered as L.
[0025]
Then, in step S23, a search is made for a ruled line that is connected to the currently registered ruled line L and that has not been registered yet. If a ruled line meeting the condition is found in step S24, the ruled line found in step S25 is registered and replaced with L, and the process returns to step S23. Similarly, in step S23, an unregistered ruled line connected to the ruled line L is searched, and if it is found in step S24, the found ruled line is registered and replaced with L in step S25. repeat.
[0026]
If no unregistered ruled line connected to the ruled line L is found in step S24, the process goes to step S26, and the unregistered ruled line closest to the end point of the ruled line L is selected. look for. In step S27, it is checked whether or not all ruled lines have been registered. If there are unregistered ruled lines, the process returns to step S25 to repeat the above steps. If all registered lines have been registered, another surface is determined in step S28. The same processing is performed for. Then, in step S29, the scoring order for each group is determined in consideration of the relationship between the planes. For example, in this case, there is a plane in the same direction as the xy plane (in this case, the front and back sides are distinguished). For example, the priority is given first, and then the plane in the perpendicular direction is selected, so that the moving amount of the scribing apparatus when the image is projected from one surface to another is reduced to determine the order. Then, all the continuous score lines are continuously scored. If the score lines are discontinuous, a rule line having a start point closest to the end point of the score line is selected to continuously score.
[0027]
By configuring the material scoring system in this way, from the shape measurement of the material 18 to the scoring can be automated, and the shape of the material and the shape obtained by adding the processing allowance to the final product shape are compared. The thickness and the like of each surface of the material can be easily calculated, and by feeding back such information to a casting maker, a casting with higher accuracy can be obtained.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first, third, and fifth aspects of the present invention, an accurate scoring position can be automatically obtained for any large material. Also, since the shape of the material is measured and compared with the data obtained by adding the processing allowance to the final product shape, the thickness distribution at each position in the material can be known, for example, the thickness distribution is fed back to the casting manufacturer. As a result, it is possible to obtain a better cast product, etc., and it is possible to obtain a better product in combination with the automatic scoring of the material.
[0029]
According to the present invention described in claims 2, 4 and 6, scoring is performed in a minimum time by minimizing idle running of the scoring device in scoring, and efficient scoring is possible. It becomes.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a scoring method in a material scoring system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a material scoring system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for setting a scoring order in a case of actually performing scoring so as to minimize the scoring time.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 1 surface plate 2 guide rail 3 slide 4 y-axis motor 5 support 6 elevating platform 7 z-axis motor 8 support arm 9 x-axis motor 10 first shaft 11 rotating bracket 12 second shaft 13 Head 15 Mounting table 16 Measuring tool 17 Marking tool 18 Material 19 Table 20 Shape measurement / scriber

Claims (6)

A three-dimensional shape measuring device for measuring the shape of the material, and a scoring device for scoring the final product shape on the material, a method for scoring and scoring the material by measuring the shape of the material,
The data of the final product shape and the data of the processing allowance to be provided on the material are stored, and the shape of the material is measured by the three-dimensional shape measuring device to create three-dimensional shape data of the material. The data and the processing allowance are added to create three-dimensional shape data, and the position where the overlap is maximized by comparing the three-dimensional shape data of the product with the processing allowance and the three-dimensional shape data of the material, A scoring method for a material, wherein the scoring position is automatically set from the measured material shape by causing the scoring device to perform scoring with the final product shape data at the position. In the scoring, continuous scoring lines on the same surface are continuously scored, and if the scribing lines are discontinuous, a scoring line having a starting point closest to the end point of the scoring line is selected and successively scored. When writing and scoring over a plurality of surfaces, the starting point of the scoring on the first scoring surface is set to the position closest to the vertex where the plurality of surfaces are in contact with each other, and idle running at the time of scoring is minimized. 2. The method for scribing a material according to claim 1, wherein: A three-dimensional shape measuring device for measuring the material shape, and a scoring device for scoring the final product shape on the material, a material scoring system for scoring and measuring the shape of the material,
A storage device that stores a program for measuring the shape of the material, a scribing program, the final product shape data, and a machining allowance provided for the material, and reads the material shape measurement program from the storage device to read the three-dimensional shape. The measuring device measures the shape of the material, creates three-dimensional shape data of the material from the measurement result, reads the scoring program and the final product shape data from the storage device, and the processing allowance, and sends the final product shape to the scoring program. The three-dimensional shape data obtained by adding the processing allowance to the data and the three-dimensional shape data of the product to which the processing allowance has been added are compared with the three-dimensional shape data of the material to determine the position where the overlap is the maximum, At this position, the scoring device performs scoring with the final product shape data, measures the shape of the material, and automatically sets the scoring position. Material scoring system, characterized in that to allow a constant. The scoring program continuously scribes continuous scoring lines on the same surface, and when the scoring lines are discontinuous, selects a scoring line having a start point closest to the end point of the scoring line to continuously When scoring over a plurality of surfaces together with scoring, the starting point of scoring on the scoring surface should be the position closest to the vertex where the plurality of surfaces are in contact with each other to minimize idle running during scoring. The material scoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A scribing program for measuring a material shape, and a scoring device for scoring the final product shape on the material, and measuring and scoring the shape of the material. hand,
The first step of driving the three-dimensional shape measuring instrument to measure the shape of the material and creating three-dimensional shape data of the material from the measurement result, and storing the final product shape data and the processing allowance provided for the material, respectively. A second step of reading the final product shape data and the processing allowance from the stored storage device and creating three-dimensional shape data obtained by adding the processing allowance to the product shape data; and processing the final product shape data created in the second step. A third step of comparing the three-dimensional shape data to which the allowance has been added and the three-dimensional shape data of the material created in the first step to determine the position where the overlap is maximum, and the third step A fourth step of causing the scoring device to perform scoring based on the final product shape data at a position. Material scoring program, characterized in that so as to perform the can. In the scoring program in the fourth step, a continuous scoring line on the same surface is continuously scored. If the scoring line is discontinuous, the scoring program having a start point closest to the end point of the scoring line is used. In the case of selecting a writing line and successively scoring and scoring over a plurality of surfaces, the starting point position of the scoring on the first scoring surface is set to the position closest to the vertex where the plurality of surfaces are in contact with each other. 6. A program for scoring a material according to claim 5, wherein idle running is minimized.

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