CN112719632A - Positioning cutting method and device and cutting equipment - Google Patents
Positioning cutting method and device and cutting equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112719632A CN112719632A CN202011521834.9A CN202011521834A CN112719632A CN 112719632 A CN112719632 A CN 112719632A CN 202011521834 A CN202011521834 A CN 202011521834A CN 112719632 A CN112719632 A CN 112719632A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 232
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a positioning cutting method, a positioning cutting device and cutting equipment. The method is applied to a cutting device which comprises a cutting executing mechanism, and comprises the following steps: measuring a workpiece by using a measuring mechanism to obtain measuring data of the workpiece; constructing an actual model of the workpiece according to the measurement data of the workpiece; matching the actual model of the workpiece with the theoretical model of the workpiece to determine a cutting edge line of the workpiece; and controlling the cutting executing mechanism to cut the workpiece according to the cutting edge line of the workpiece. Based on the method, the device and the cutting equipment, the workpiece can be quickly positioned and cut under the condition of no special tool, the cutting efficiency of the workpiece is improved, and the cutting cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing, and particularly relates to a positioning cutting method, a positioning cutting device and cutting equipment.
Background
The special-shaped space thin-wall component (namely the special-shaped space sheet metal part) is widely applied in the fields of aerospace, rail transit and the like. The sheet metal part in the special-shaped space is not consistent in edge indentation of the sheet metal during forming, the blank edge of the formed part is irregular, positioning is not easy to achieve, a method for positioning the sheet metal part by using a molded surface is generally adopted, a tool attached to the molded surface needs to be designed, the molded surface of the tool is complex in structure, the processing period is long, and the tool is heavy in weight and high in cost for large parts. Under the current mode of various small batches, the method for positioning and cutting by using the molded surface tool has long time period and high cost, and particularly, the defects of the method for positioning and cutting by using the traditional mode for parts in a development state or various small batches are obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects in the prior art are overcome, the positioning cutting method, the positioning cutting device and the cutting equipment are provided, the workpiece can be quickly positioned and cut under the condition that no special tool is provided, the cutting efficiency of the workpiece is improved, and the cutting cost is reduced.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a positioning cutting method, which is applied to a cutting device, where the cutting device includes a cutting execution mechanism, and the method includes:
measuring a workpiece by using a measuring mechanism to obtain measuring data of the workpiece;
constructing an actual model of the workpiece according to the measurement data of the workpiece;
matching the actual model of the workpiece with the theoretical model of the workpiece to determine a cutting edge line of the workpiece;
and controlling the cutting executing mechanism to cut the workpiece according to the cutting edge line of the workpiece.
Preferably, in the positioning and cutting method,
the measuring of the workpiece by the measuring mechanism to obtain the measurement data of the workpiece includes:
measuring the workpiece by using the measuring mechanism to obtain measuring data of the workpiece under a measuring coordinate system of the measuring mechanism;
the constructing an actual model of the workpiece from the measurement data of the workpiece includes:
determining a spatial position of the measuring mechanism relative to the cutting device;
determining the coordinates of the measuring mechanism in a cutting coordinate system of the cutting device according to the spatial position of the measuring mechanism relative to the cutting device;
and constructing an actual model of the workpiece in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device according to the coordinates of the measuring mechanism in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device and the measurement data of the workpiece in the measuring coordinate system of the measuring mechanism.
Preferably, in the positioning and cutting method, the measuring mechanism is disposed near a cutting head of the cutting apparatus.
Preferably, in the positioning and cutting method, the actual model of the workpiece is a three-dimensional model of the workpiece.
Preferably, in the positioning and cutting method, the measuring mechanism is a three-dimensional scanner, and the cutting device is a three-dimensional laser cutting machine.
Preferably, in the positioning cutting method, the matching an actual model of the workpiece with a theoretical model of the workpiece to determine a cutting edge line of the workpiece includes:
when the actual model of the workpiece is matched with the theoretical model of the workpiece, the molded surfaces of the actual model of the workpiece and the theoretical model of the workpiece are attached to each other;
and determining a cutting edge line of the workpiece according to the part of the mismatch between the actual model of the workpiece and the theoretical model of the workpiece.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a positioning and cutting device, which is applied to a cutting apparatus, where the cutting apparatus includes a cutting execution mechanism, and includes:
the measuring mechanism is used for measuring a workpiece to obtain measuring data of the workpiece;
a data processing mechanism comprising:
the actual model building module is used for building an actual model of the workpiece according to the measurement data of the workpiece;
the cutting edge line determining module is used for matching the actual model of the workpiece with the theoretical model of the workpiece and determining the cutting edge line of the workpiece;
and the cutting control mechanism is used for controlling the cutting execution mechanism to cut the workpiece according to the cutting edge line of the workpiece.
Preferably, in the positioning and cutting device,
the measuring mechanism is specifically used for measuring the workpiece to obtain measurement data of the workpiece under a measurement coordinate system of the measuring mechanism;
the actual model building module is specifically configured to:
determining a spatial position of the measuring mechanism relative to the cutting device;
determining the coordinates of the measuring mechanism in a cutting coordinate system of the cutting device according to the spatial position of the measuring mechanism relative to the cutting device;
and constructing an actual model of the workpiece in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device according to the coordinates of the measuring mechanism in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device and the measurement data of the workpiece in the measuring coordinate system of the measuring mechanism.
Preferably, in the positioning and cutting device, the measuring mechanism is disposed near a cutting head of the cutting apparatus.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cutting apparatus, including:
a cutting actuator;
the positioning cutting device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the embodiment of the invention provides a positioning cutting method, a positioning cutting device and cutting equipment, wherein a measuring mechanism is used for measuring a workpiece to obtain the measurement data of the workpiece; constructing an actual model of the workpiece according to the measurement data of the workpiece; matching the actual model of the workpiece with the theoretical model of the workpiece to determine a cutting edge line of the workpiece; and controlling the cutting executing mechanism to cut the workpiece according to the cutting edge line of the workpiece. Based on the method, the device and the cutting equipment, the workpiece can be quickly positioned and cut under the condition of no special tool, the cutting efficiency of the workpiece is improved, and the cutting cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for positioning a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning and cutting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for performing positioning cutting on a workpiece by using a cutting apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
When cutting equipment in the prior art is used for cutting a workpiece, a positioning tool needs to be assembled on the workpiece for positioning the workpiece. Especially for the special-shaped space thin-wall component without the regular molded surface, the structure of the positioning tool is relatively complex, the design difficulty is high, and the processing cost is increased.
Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a positioning and cutting method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a positioning cutting method, which is applied to a cutting apparatus, where the cutting apparatus includes a cutting actuator, and the method includes:
and 110, measuring the workpiece by using a measuring mechanism to obtain the measurement data of the workpiece.
The cutting devices of the prior art are not provided with a measuring mechanism. In order to implement the positioning cutting method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the cutting equipment is additionally provided with a measuring mechanism for measuring the workpiece and obtaining corresponding measuring data of the workpiece.
In some embodiments, the measuring mechanism has its relatively independent measuring coordinate system with respect to the cutting device, and the directly measured data (which may be the coordinates of the contour points of the workpiece surface) is also data in the measuring coordinate system of the measuring mechanism. However, the theoretical model of the workpiece is usually stored in the data processing mechanism of the cutting apparatus, and the planning operation of the cutting edge line is also performed by the data processing mechanism of the cutting apparatus, so that the measurement data collected by the measurement mechanism needs to be transformed in a manner such that the actual model constructed based on the measurement data is in the same coordinate system as the theoretical model of the workpiece, more specifically, in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting apparatus.
In some embodiments, constructing an actual model of the workpiece from the measurement data of the workpiece comprises: determining a spatial position of the measuring mechanism relative to the cutting device; determining the coordinates of the measuring mechanism in a cutting coordinate system of the cutting device according to the spatial position of the measuring mechanism relative to the cutting device; and constructing an actual model of the workpiece in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device according to the coordinates of the measuring mechanism in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device and the measurement data of the workpiece in the measuring coordinate system of the measuring mechanism.
In this embodiment, the coordinates of the measuring mechanism in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device may be determined by measuring the spatial position of the measuring mechanism relative to the cutting device in advance. In order to increase the efficiency of the measurement of the spatial position of the measuring means relative to the cutting device, the measuring means is preferably arranged in the vicinity of the cutting head of the cutting device. In some examples, when the cutting device selects the three-dimensional laser cutting device, the measurement mechanism may employ a three-dimensional scanner, which may be disposed in proximity to a laser head of the three-dimensional laser cutting device.
Furthermore, according to the coordinates of the measuring mechanism in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device and the measurement data of the workpiece in the measurement coordinate system of the measuring mechanism, the measurement data of the workpiece can be transformed into the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device through coordinate transformation, and then an actual model of the workpiece is constructed according to the measurement data transformed into the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device. Here, the cutting coordinate system of the cutting apparatus may be a system coordinate system of the cutting apparatus, or a machine coordinate system of the cutting apparatus. Therefore, the actual model of the workpiece and the theoretical model of the workpiece are in the same coordinate system, and the actual model and the theoretical model of the workpiece can be matched.
In some examples, when the cutting device selects a three-dimensional laser cutting device, the measuring mechanism employs a three-dimensional scanner, the measuring mechanism can acquire three-dimensional measurement data of the workpiece, and the actual model of the workpiece constructed based on the three-dimensional measurement data is a three-dimensional model of the workpiece. For the special-shaped space workpiece, a regular molded surface for positioning does not exist, so that only a three-dimensional model can be constructed for the workpiece, the cutting edge line of the workpiece is determined based on the matching result between the three-dimensional model of the workpiece and the theoretical model, and finally cutting is realized according to the cutting edge line.
And step 130, matching the actual model of the workpiece with the theoretical model of the workpiece, and determining the cutting edge line of the workpiece.
In some embodiments, said matching the actual model of the workpiece with the theoretical model of the workpiece to determine the cut edge line of the workpiece comprises: when the actual model of the workpiece is matched with the theoretical model of the workpiece, the molded surfaces of the actual model of the workpiece and the theoretical model of the workpiece are attached to each other; and determining a cutting edge line of the workpiece according to the part of the mismatch between the actual model of the workpiece and the theoretical model of the workpiece.
Specifically, when the molded surfaces of the actual model and the theoretical model of the workpiece are attached to each other, the machining allowance of the workpiece can be compared, the part of the machining allowance is the part of the workpiece which is not matched between the actual model and the theoretical model, and the cutting edge line of the workpiece can be planned according to the machining allowance.
And 140, controlling the cutting executing mechanism to cut the workpiece according to the cutting edge line of the workpiece.
Specifically, the cutting operation of the workpiece is performed by a cutting actuator of the cutting apparatus.
In summary, an embodiment of the present invention provides a positioning cutting method, which is applied to a cutting apparatus, where the cutting apparatus includes a cutting execution mechanism, and the method includes measuring a workpiece by using the measurement mechanism to obtain measurement data of the workpiece, then constructing an actual model of the workpiece according to the measurement data of the workpiece, matching the actual model of the workpiece with a theoretical model of the workpiece, determining a cutting edge line of the workpiece, and finally controlling the cutting execution mechanism to cut the workpiece according to the cutting edge line of the workpiece. Based on the method, the workpiece can be quickly positioned and cut under the condition of no special tool, the cutting efficiency of the workpiece is improved, and the cutting cost is reduced.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning and cutting device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a positioning and cutting device 200, which is applied to a cutting apparatus, where the cutting apparatus includes a cutting actuator, and includes: the measuring mechanism 210 is configured to measure a workpiece to obtain measurement data of the workpiece; a data processing mechanism 220 comprising: the actual model building module is used for building an actual model of the workpiece according to the measurement data of the workpiece; the cutting edge line determining module is used for matching the actual model of the workpiece with the theoretical model of the workpiece and determining the cutting edge line of the workpiece; and the cutting control mechanism 230 is used for controlling the cutting execution mechanism to cut the workpiece according to the cutting edge line of the workpiece.
In some embodiments, the measuring mechanism is specifically configured to measure the workpiece, and obtain measurement data of the workpiece in a measurement coordinate system of the measuring mechanism; the actual model building module is specifically configured to: determining a spatial position of the measuring mechanism relative to the cutting device; determining the coordinates of the measuring mechanism in a cutting coordinate system of the cutting device according to the spatial position of the measuring mechanism relative to the cutting device; and constructing an actual model of the workpiece in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device according to the coordinates of the measuring mechanism in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device and the measurement data of the workpiece in the measuring coordinate system of the measuring mechanism.
In some embodiments, the measuring mechanism is disposed adjacent a cutting head of the cutting apparatus.
In some embodiments, the actual model of the workpiece is a three-dimensional model of the workpiece.
In some embodiments, the measuring mechanism is a three-dimensional scanner and the cutting device is a three-dimensional laser cutter.
In some embodiments, the cutting edge line determining module is specifically configured to: when the actual model of the workpiece is matched with the theoretical model of the workpiece, the molded surfaces of the actual model of the workpiece and the theoretical model of the workpiece are attached to each other; and determining a cutting edge line of the workpiece according to the part of the mismatch between the actual model of the workpiece and the theoretical model of the workpiece.
A specific implementation scenario is provided below for further explaining the positioning and cutting method, device and cutting apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for performing positioning cutting on a workpiece by using a cutting apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Step one, a three-dimensional scanner 2 is additionally arranged at the position of a cutting head 1 of a three-dimensional laser cutting machine, and the three-dimensional scanner and the coordinates of the laser cutting head have relative fixed positions. The three-dimensional scanner has a distance measuring function and a function of measuring the coordinates of the workpiece relative to the machine tool of the laser cutting machine.
And step two, fixing the workpiece on a laser cutting machine platform 5, and scanning the workpiece 4 by using the three-dimensional scanner 2 to obtain a three-dimensional model of the workpiece before cutting. The three-dimensional scanner is started to scan the workpiece, points on the workpiece obtained by scanning are stored in a coordinate mode and are transmitted back to the main control computer 3 through a data line, and the main control computer generates a three-dimensional model of the workpiece. In the embodiment of the invention, reverse modeling software is installed in the main control computer, and an operator can generate a three-dimensional model according to the scanned coordinate points.
Moreover, the point on the workpiece 4 scanned by the three-dimensional scanner 2 can be calculated according to the distance between the three-dimensional scanner 2 and the measuring point and the position of the three-dimensional scanner in the coordinate system of the laser cutting machine tool, and the position of the three-dimensional scanner 2 in the coordinate system of the laser cutting machine tool can be calculated according to the relative position of the laser head 1 and the three-dimensional scanner 2 and the coordinate of the laser head. The coordinate accuracy of data points obtained by a three-dimensional scanner can be calibrated by a workpiece having a regular shape.
And step three, matching the three-dimensional model generated by the three-dimensional scanner 2 with the theoretical model of the workpiece, wherein the main molded surfaces are in consistent fit, extracting the cutting edge line by the main control computer 3, and calculating the position of the cutting edge line under the machine tool coordinate system according to the relative position of the three-dimensional scanner and the laser cutting machine. The three-dimensional model generated by the three-dimensional scanner is matched with the workpiece theoretical model 6, the main molded surfaces are in consistent fit, and the position of the workpiece in the laser cutting machine can be determined. The cutting edge line 7 is extracted by a cutting edge line determining module of the main control computer, and the position of the edge line in the laser cutting machine is correspondingly determined.
And fourthly, generating a laser cutting program by the main control computer through programming software according to the cutting edge line, and cutting the workpiece. The laser cutting program is generated by laser programming software (namely a cutting edge line determining module), and the program is transmitted back to the machine tool controller, so that the laser cutting operation can be carried out.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A positioning cutting method is applied to a cutting device, the cutting device comprises a cutting executing mechanism, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
measuring a workpiece by using a measuring mechanism to obtain measuring data of the workpiece;
constructing an actual model of the workpiece according to the measurement data of the workpiece;
matching the actual model of the workpiece with the theoretical model of the workpiece to determine a cutting edge line of the workpiece;
and controlling the cutting executing mechanism to cut the workpiece according to the cutting edge line of the workpiece.
2. The positional cutting method according to claim 1,
the measuring of the workpiece by the measuring mechanism to obtain the measurement data of the workpiece includes:
measuring the workpiece by using the measuring mechanism to obtain measuring data of the workpiece under a measuring coordinate system of the measuring mechanism;
the constructing an actual model of the workpiece from the measurement data of the workpiece includes:
determining a spatial position of the measuring mechanism relative to the cutting device;
determining the coordinates of the measuring mechanism in a cutting coordinate system of the cutting device according to the spatial position of the measuring mechanism relative to the cutting device;
and constructing an actual model of the workpiece in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device according to the coordinates of the measuring mechanism in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device and the measurement data of the workpiece in the measuring coordinate system of the measuring mechanism.
3. A method of positional cutting according to claim 2 wherein the measuring means is located adjacent a cutting head of the cutting apparatus.
4. A method of positional cutting according to claim 1 wherein the actual model of the workpiece is a three-dimensional model of the workpiece.
5. The positional cutting method according to claim 4, wherein the measuring mechanism is a three-dimensional scanner and the cutting device is a three-dimensional laser cutting machine.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said matching an actual model of said workpiece to a theoretical model of said workpiece to determine a cut edge line of said workpiece comprises:
when the actual model of the workpiece is matched with the theoretical model of the workpiece, the molded surfaces of the actual model of the workpiece and the theoretical model of the workpiece are attached to each other;
and determining a cutting edge line of the workpiece according to the part of the mismatch between the actual model of the workpiece and the theoretical model of the workpiece.
7. A positioning cutting device is applied to cutting equipment, and the cutting equipment comprises a cutting executing mechanism, and is characterized by comprising:
the measuring mechanism is used for measuring a workpiece to obtain measuring data of the workpiece;
a data processing mechanism comprising:
the actual model building module is used for building an actual model of the workpiece according to the measurement data of the workpiece;
the cutting edge line determining module is used for matching the actual model of the workpiece with the theoretical model of the workpiece and determining the cutting edge line of the workpiece;
and the cutting control mechanism is used for controlling the cutting execution mechanism to cut the workpiece according to the cutting edge line of the workpiece.
8. The positioning and cutting device of claim 7,
the measuring mechanism is specifically used for measuring the workpiece to obtain measurement data of the workpiece under a measurement coordinate system of the measuring mechanism;
the actual model building module is specifically configured to:
determining a spatial position of the measuring mechanism relative to the cutting device;
determining the coordinates of the measuring mechanism in a cutting coordinate system of the cutting device according to the spatial position of the measuring mechanism relative to the cutting device;
and constructing an actual model of the workpiece in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device according to the coordinates of the measuring mechanism in the cutting coordinate system of the cutting device and the measurement data of the workpiece in the measuring coordinate system of the measuring mechanism.
9. A positioning and cutting device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the measuring means are arranged in the vicinity of a cutting head of the cutting apparatus.
10. A cutting apparatus, comprising:
a cutting actuator;
positioning cutting device according to any one of claims 7 to 9.
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| CN202011521834.9A CN112719632A (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Positioning cutting method and device and cutting equipment |
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| CN202011521834.9A CN112719632A (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Positioning cutting method and device and cutting equipment |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115455341A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-12-09 | 湖南大学 | Solving method for raw material blanking layout |
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| US20100063612A1 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-03-11 | Chung Yuan Christian University | System and method for the on-machine 2-d contour measurement |
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Application publication date: 20210430 |