JP2004073026A - Inorganic salt-based coagulant for bean curd, and method for producing bean curd - Google Patents

Inorganic salt-based coagulant for bean curd, and method for producing bean curd Download PDF

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JP2004073026A
JP2004073026A JP2002234681A JP2002234681A JP2004073026A JP 2004073026 A JP2004073026 A JP 2004073026A JP 2002234681 A JP2002234681 A JP 2002234681A JP 2002234681 A JP2002234681 A JP 2002234681A JP 2004073026 A JP2004073026 A JP 2004073026A
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coagulant
tofu
bean curd
inorganic salt
soymilk
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Inventor
Toichiro Takai
高井 東一郎
Motonari Amano
天野 原成
Masato Nishi
西 正人
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Takai Tofu and Soymilk Equipment Co
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Takai Tofu and Soymilk Equipment Co
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an inorganic salt-based coagulant for bean curd (Tofu)/fried bean curd facilitating the coagulation of high-temperature soybean milk, and used for obtaining bean curd having uniform tissue and good flavor; and to provide a method for producing bean curd. <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing an inorganic salt-based coagulant comprises adjusting the inorganic salt-based coagulant to alkaline pH by changing a concentration rate or an amount of purified water added during a production process of a bittern or a food additive such as sodium bicarbonate so as to delay the reaction of the soybean milk to the coagulant to stably produce bean curd having uniform inner tissue and good flavor. In this method, the inorganic salt-based coagulant solution is heated at ≥60°C so as to stably produce the bean curd with uniform and smooth inner structure. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は豆腐用(油揚げ用も含む)凝固剤に関するものであり、特に塩化マグネシウム等の無機塩類を主成分とする豆腐用凝固剤組成物に関するもので、高温の豆乳の凝固操作を容易にし、豆腐組織が均一で、風味も良好な豆腐を得るための豆腐・油揚げ用凝固剤組成物である。
【0002】
【従来の技術と発明が解決しようとする課題】
ニガリは塩化マグネシウムが主成分の無機塩類を含む凝固剤で、塩を製造する過程の副産物として得られる。塩の製法は様々であるが、古くからは、天日製塩法、塩田製塩法、降下法、噴霧法などがあり、現代ではこれらの他にイオン交換膜を使用した方法が用いられる。何れの方法においても、海水のミネラル分を濃縮する工程と濃縮された海水から塩を析出する工程がある。
濃縮する工程は、海水を天日や風力を用いて水分を蒸発させる方法(天日製塩法)や細かい砂を海水で湿らせ日射や風力で水分を蒸発させ塩が析出したとき砂を集め、集めた砂に海水を注いで塩を溶かすことにより濃い濃縮塩水が得られる。一方、イオン交換膜法では陽イオン交換膜、陰イオン交換膜を用いて海水に直流電流を流すと、海水中の陽イオンが陰極へ、陰イオンが陽極へ動こうとする。この性質により、陽イオン交換膜と陰イオン交換膜の間に海水の濃縮液(酸性)と希釈液(アルカリ性)が交互に作られる。得られた濃縮液は塩を析出する工程で用いられる。一般に塩を析出させる工程では前記得られた濃縮液を更に濃縮し、塩を析出させる。(図1)
塩を析出させる工程では、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、塩化ナトリウムさらに濃縮すると硫酸マグネシウムという順に析出し始めるが、硫酸マグネシウムが析出し始める前に濃縮液を分離する。(硫酸マグネシウムが混入すると塩の品質が悪くなるため)分離された濃縮液が一般にニガリと呼ばれ、豆腐用凝固剤として用いられてきた。このニガリのpHは一般に6.5以下で、比重30°Be以下である。市販の塩化マグネシウム(粉体、粒状、フレーク状、純度95%以上の化学合成品である食品添加物)の水溶液や硫酸カルシウム(粉体状の化学合成品である食品添加物、豆腐用凝固剤)の分散液のpHは溶き水の水質にもよるが一般にpH5.0〜6.5である。(図2)なお、豆乳のpHはpH6.5以下であることはまれで一般にpH6.6〜7.0の範囲にある。またカーナル石、菱苦土鉱などや海水が干上がって出来た塩田(塩化マグネシウムを主成分とする層)を水に溶かしても同様にpH6.0〜7.9の範囲にある。
【0003】
上記ニガリを使用したニガリ豆腐の特徴は、他の凝固剤にはない独特のうまみがあることから、消費者に好まれ、その需要が増加している。一方、製造者側からは、無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤と豆乳の反応は非常に早いため、高温の豆乳で凝固させる事が非常に難しい上に、適切な硬さが得られず、不良品の発生率が比較的高い事から、生産性や製品の品質において様々な問題がある。
【0004】
そこで、ニガリを他の食品素材でコーティングしたものや、油脂や乳化剤を使い、乳化させた乳化凝固剤によって豆乳との反応を遅延させ、比較的簡単にニガリのみで豆腐をつくることが出来るようになってきた。また、それらに関する特許も公開されている。(特開平5−304923、特開平10−57002)
しかし、これらの凝固剤は通常のニガリに比べ高価で、さらに専用の凝固装置が必要であり、初期設備投資や生産コストの上昇など経済的理由により、導入が困難なケースもある。また硫酸カルシウムであれば結晶の大きい製剤の凝固反応が遅いのでもっぱら用いられている。微粒子の硫酸カルシウムまたは塩化カルシウムも豆乳との反応が早く、風味がよくないため敬遠される場合がある。これらの凝固剤は上手に使うことが出来れば豆腐が硬くなる特徴がある。
【0005】
また、一般に豆乳とおからの分離工程直後の豆乳温度は75〜95℃と高温だが、高温の豆乳を一旦10℃前後に冷却し、無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤を混合した後再加熱(通電加熱、蒸気加熱、熱水加熱等)することにより、凝固反応を行う方法なども一般に行われている。しかし、この方法において多額の初期投資が必要であり、熱収支におけるコスト等の経済的問題もある。(加熱冷却によるコストがかかる。)
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は上記課題を解決し、高温の豆乳から十分な硬さを有し風味や食感の優れた豆腐を製造し得る凝固剤を検討した結果、無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤のpHをアルカリ性側に調整し、無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤水溶液または分散液において加熱する事が豆乳の凝固に対し有効であることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。即ち、本発明は無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤のpHをアルカリ性側に調整すること及び、無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤水溶液または分散液を加熱することを特徴とする豆腐用凝固剤を提供するものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明に使用する無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤は粗製海水塩化マグネシウム(塩化マグネシウム含有物)、塩化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、塩化カリウム、塩化ナトリウム、硫酸カルシウム等(一般に海水に含まれる成分)とこれらの混合物であり、これらは水溶液、分散液、乳濁液、混濁液、スラリー、油とのエマルション、無水物、結晶水含有物等特に限定されない。
【0008】
請求項1記載のpHの調整方法は製造方法による場合や添加物を用いる場合があるが、いずれの方法においても食品衛生法に適合していれば特に限定されない。製造方法では、海水(約pH8)から炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、塩化ナトリウム等を析出させた残液(濃縮液)を更に比重で約32°Beまで加熱濃縮する。この時点で濃縮液は弱アルカリ性を示している。さらに人為的に精製水(飲料用水も含む)の添加量によりpHを調整する。
一方、添加物を用いる場合は、前記濃縮液に例えば炭酸水素ナトリウム、1%水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸カリウム等を加えpHを弱アルカリ性に調整する。また、製造方法による手法および添加物を用いる場合の両者を組み合わせて調整してもよい。
また固形の凝固剤を溶かす水や直前に混合される別の添加液によってもpH調整を行う事ができる。例えばpHの高い海水、地下水、鉱泉、温泉水や水や食塩水等の電気分解によって作られたアルカリイオン水などを用いることが出来る。また、無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤水溶液または分散液を電気分解、イオン交換膜による電気透析、限外濾過、膜透析や逆浸透膜濾過などを行っても良い。また珊瑚砂、麦飯石や珪藻土など濾過剤を通過させることによってもpH調整が可能である。
本発明の請求項1における無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤のpH調整範囲はいわゆる弱アルカリ性域で、pH7.0〜8.5で効果があるが、好ましくはpH7.5〜8.0である。また少なくとも豆乳のpHより高ければよく、例えば豆乳pH6.7であればにがりのpHは6.8以上であれば少なからず効果的である。
【0009】
海水のpHは8前後あり、海水をそのまま凝固剤として利用している地域が一部にあるが、本発明における無機塩系豆腐用凝固剤は塩化マグネシウム含有量が海水より高濃度(海水中のMg2+の平均濃度は1.35g/kg、海水から精製されたニガリの1例ではMg2+38.9g/kg)であり、Mg2+2g/kg以上、好ましくはMg2+10〜60g/kgの範囲である。また、一部未溶解の結晶を含むスラリー状態でもよい。一方、塩化ナトリウムの含有量は特に限定されないが一般にMg2+濃度より比較して少ない。本発明において成分未調整の海水そのものは無機塩系豆腐用凝固剤には含まれない。
【0010】
請求項2記載の無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤水溶液の加熱温度は60℃以上で効果があるが、好ましくは80℃以上である。加熱時間は特に限定しないが作業上達温後1分から1時間程でよい。冷却方法は自然冷却や急速冷却などいずれでもよい。
無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤水溶液は加熱した後、必要に応じて冷却した上で、豆腐用凝固剤として用いる。
加熱方法は直接加熱や間接加熱、具体的には電磁誘導加熱、電気ヒーター、マイクロ波加熱、湯煎、プレート式熱交換器、通電加熱など加熱方法は種々あるが、無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤水溶液の成分や濃度が変化する方法では凝固剤品質の安定性や豆腐の品質(物性や風味)への悪影響から好ましくない。
なお、加熱することは凝固剤の殺菌の意味もある。凝固剤の加熱によって豆乳の凝固反応が遅くなる原理は明らかでないが、溶存する炭酸の飛散による僅かなpHの上昇によるものと考えられる。また無機塩の水和状態が変化し、例えばMg2+やCa2+の周囲に水分子が均一に取り巻いた状態になり、金属イオンが直接タンパク質と反応しにくくなるためと考えられる。
また加熱と併せて超音波、振動、攪拌等を行い、または遠赤外線を発するセラミックや強力な磁力やマイクロ波等の電磁波を作用させることも効果的である。請求項3記載のように請求項1記載のpH調整されかつ、請求項3記載のように加熱された無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤水溶液または、分散液によっても同様に凝固反応遅延効果が得られる。
【0011】
請求項4記載の豆腐製造方法においては凝固装置は汎用のものでよく、専用の凝固装置は必要ない。汎用のものは、手寄せによる凝固も含め、スクリュー攪拌式、ワンツー式、カイ式、落差を使って豆乳を流し込みその勢いで凝固剤と豆乳とを混ぜ合わせる「ぶち込み式」、樹脂ベルトや金属ベルト上で凝固熟成させる連続式凝固成型機、70〜90℃の豆乳に凝固剤を混合し直ちに充填包装するホット充填装置等がある。
【0012】
本発明で得られた凝固剤を前記乳化凝固剤等の豆腐用凝固剤の原料として用いてもよい。
【0013】
【実施例】以下、本発明を実施例により詳細に説明する。
【0014】
無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤のpH調製
海水を濃縮し、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、塩化ナトリウムを析出させ、その残液は海水のミネラルが濃縮されているが、この濃縮液を更に32°Beまで濃縮し、上澄み液に精製水(pH7.0)を加えて最終的にマグネシウム3.89g/100g、カリウム1.14g/100g、カルシウム15.7mg/100g、亜鉛53ug/100g(原子吸光光度法で測定、pH7.6)に調製した。(凝固剤A)pHはガラス電極法により測定。
一方、前記濃縮液に精製水を加えて30°Be、マグネシウム2.90g/100g、カリウム0.61g/100g、カルシウム12.0mg/100gに調整し、炭酸水素ナトリウムの添加量によってpH7.0、6.7、6.5に調整した無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤それぞれ凝固剤B、凝固剤C、凝固剤Dを得た。
【0015】
(実施例1)
実験に供した大豆は米国産ビントンで(株)高井製作所製豆乳製造プラントNS2000−Sタイプを使い、同じく(株)高井製作所製豆乳・おから分離装置シリウスで豆乳とおからを分離し、濃度13.0%Brixの絹ごし豆腐用豆乳を得た。豆乳の温度はプレート式熱交換装置を用いた。凝固装置は(株)高井製作所製マルチカーディーS型を用いた。凝固剤は前記凝固剤Aを使用した。凝固終了後50分室温にて熟成し、切断、包装後冷却し24時間後に物性測定、食味評価を行った。物性は不動工業(株)製レオメーターにより破断力と歯切れを測定した。測定は豆腐を直径23mm、高さ20mmの円柱状に切り出し、直径23mmのプランジャーを用いて60mm/minの速度で圧縮して測定した。
食味評価は5段階評価の平均値にて行った。
結果を表1に示す。
【0016】
(実施例2)
前記凝固剤Bと実施例1の豆乳を使用し、実施例1と同様にテストした。
実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表1に示した。
【0017】
(実施例3)
前記実施例1の豆乳と凝固剤を使用し、ホット充填(豆乳と凝固剤をインラインで混合し、連続的に豆腐用パックに充填してシールする)装置にて作った豆腐の評価結果を表1に示した。(従来、ホット充填装置では前記乳化凝固剤等の遅効性凝固剤以外の凝固剤では豆乳との反応が早く、豆腐パックへ充填する際に豆腐を崩してしまい、組織が不均一になり食感や風味が悪くなってしまう。)
【0018】
(比較例1)
前記凝固剤Cと実施例1の豆乳を使用し、実施例1と同様にテストした。
実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表1に示した。
【0019】
(比較例2)
前記凝固剤Dと実施例1の豆乳を使用し、実施例1と同様にテストした。
実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表1に示した。
【0020】
【表1】

Figure 2004073026
【0021】
食味はいずれも5段階評価で平均値である。豆腐破断力や食味評価において実施例1及び2が他の条件より優れていた。歯切れを表す数値は大きいほど歯切れがよく、値が小さいほど歯切れが悪いことを表している。
【0022】
(実施例4)
市販のpH未調整無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤E(液体)を85℃まで湯煎により加熱後、そのまま放冷し室温になったところで実施例1の豆乳と共に実験に供した。豆腐の試作は実施例1と同様に行い、得られた豆腐の評価も実施例1の方法で行い結果は表2に示した。
【0023】
(比較例3)
実施例1の豆乳と前記未加熱の無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤E(液体)を使い、実施例1と同様な方法で豆腐を得た。得られた豆腐は実施例1の方法で評価し、結果は表2に示した。
【0024】
【表2】
Figure 2004073026
【0025】
【発明の効果】
以上の結果に示した通り、本発明の凝固剤を使用することにより、高温の豆乳でもニガリ豆腐の風味を損なうことなく、十分な硬さを有し、食感のよい豆腐を経済的に作ることが可能となった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】にがり製造例のフロー1
【図2】にがり製造例のフロー2[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tofu (including fried) coagulant, particularly to a tofu coagulant composition containing inorganic salts such as magnesium chloride as a main component, to facilitate the coagulation operation of high temperature soy milk, It is a coagulant composition for tofu and frying to obtain tofu having a uniform tofu texture and good flavor.
[0002]
[Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
Bittern is a coagulant containing inorganic salts mainly composed of magnesium chloride, and is obtained as a by-product of the salt manufacturing process. Although there are various methods for producing salt, there are various methods from the past, such as a solar production method, a salt production method, a descent method, and a spraying method. In modern times, a method using an ion exchange membrane is used. In either method, there are a step of concentrating the mineral content of seawater and a step of precipitating a salt from the concentrated seawater.
The process of concentration is a method of evaporating seawater using solar or wind power (solar salt method) or fine sand is moistened with seawater and the water is evaporated by solar radiation or wind to collect the salt when salt precipitates, By pouring seawater into the collected sand and dissolving the salt, a thick concentrated brine is obtained. On the other hand, in the ion exchange membrane method, when a direct current is applied to seawater using a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, cations in the seawater tend to move to the cathode and anions move to the anode. Due to this property, a concentrated solution (acid) and a diluent (alkaline) of seawater are alternately formed between the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane. The obtained concentrate is used in the step of precipitating a salt. In general, in the step of precipitating a salt, the obtained concentrated liquid is further concentrated to precipitate a salt. (Fig. 1)
In the step of depositing the salt, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and sodium chloride are further concentrated, and then magnesium sulfate starts to be precipitated. In this case, the concentrated liquid is separated before magnesium sulfate starts to be precipitated. The separated concentrate (commonly referred to as bittern) has been used as a coagulant for tofu (because the quality of salt deteriorates when magnesium sulfate is mixed). The pH of this bittern is generally 6.5 or less and the specific gravity is 30 ° Be or less. Aqueous solution of commercially available magnesium chloride (powder, granule, flake form, food additive which is a chemically synthesized product having a purity of 95% or more) and calcium sulfate (food additive which is a powdery chemically synthesized product, coagulant for tofu) The pH of the dispersion of ()) is generally from 5.0 to 6.5, though it depends on the quality of the solution. (FIG. 2) It should be noted that the pH of soymilk is rarely lower than pH 6.5 and is generally in the range of pH 6.6 to 7.0. Also, the pH is in the range of 6.0 to 7.9 in the same manner as in the case of dissolving kernal stone, rhodochrosite or the like, or a salt field (a layer mainly composed of magnesium chloride) formed by drying seawater in water.
[0003]
The characteristics of bittern tofu using bittern are favored by consumers because of their unique taste that other coagulants do not have, and their demand is increasing. On the other hand, from the manufacturer's point of view, the reaction between the inorganic salt-based coagulant for tofu and soymilk is very fast, so it is very difficult to coagulate with high-temperature soymilk. Due to the relatively high occurrence rate, there are various problems in productivity and product quality.
[0004]
Therefore, using bittern coated with other food materials, or using oils and fats and emulsifiers, emulsified emulsified coagulant delays the reaction with soy milk, making it possible to make tofu with bittern only relatively easily. It has become. Patents relating to them have also been published. (JP-A-5-304923, JP-A-10-57002)
However, these coagulants are more expensive than ordinary bitterns, and further require a dedicated coagulation device. In some cases, introduction of these coagulants is difficult due to economic reasons such as initial equipment investment and increased production costs. Calcium sulfate is also used exclusively because preparations with large crystals have a slow coagulation reaction. Fine particles of calcium sulfate or calcium chloride also react with soy milk quickly and may be avoided because of poor flavor. These coagulants have the characteristic that tofu becomes hard if they can be used successfully.
[0005]
In addition, generally, the temperature of soymilk immediately after the step of separating soymilk and soybean is as high as 75 to 95 ° C, but the high-temperature soymilk is once cooled to about 10 ° C, mixed with an inorganic salt-based tofu coagulant, and then reheated (electric heating). , Steam heating, hot water heating, etc.) to carry out a coagulation reaction. However, this method requires a large initial investment, and also has economic problems such as cost in heat balance. (Cost due to heating and cooling.)
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor has solved the above-mentioned problems, and as a result of examining a coagulant capable of producing tofu having sufficient hardness and excellent flavor and texture from high-temperature soy milk, the pH of the coagulant for inorganic salt-based tofu was increased. It has been found that adjusting to an alkaline side and heating in an aqueous solution or dispersion of a coagulant for inorganic salt-based tofu is effective for coagulation of soymilk, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention provides a coagulant for tofu characterized by adjusting the pH of an inorganic salt-based tofu coagulant to an alkaline side and heating an aqueous solution or dispersion of an inorganic salt-based tofu coagulant. It is.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The inorganic salt type tofu coagulant used in the present invention is crude seawater magnesium chloride (containing magnesium chloride), magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, calcium sulfate, etc. (a component generally contained in seawater). And mixtures thereof, which are not particularly limited, such as aqueous solutions, dispersions, emulsions, turbids, slurries, emulsions with oils, anhydrides, and waters containing crystallization water.
[0008]
The method for adjusting the pH according to claim 1 may be based on a manufacturing method or may use additives, but any method is not particularly limited as long as the method conforms to the Food Sanitation Law. In the production method, a residual liquid (concentrated liquid) obtained by precipitating calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, sodium chloride, etc. from seawater (about pH 8) is further heated and concentrated to a specific gravity of about 32 ° Be. At this point, the concentrate shows weak alkalinity. Further, the pH is adjusted artificially by the amount of purified water (including drinking water).
On the other hand, when an additive is used, for example, sodium bicarbonate, 1% sodium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or the like is added to the concentrated solution to adjust the pH to slightly alkaline. Moreover, you may adjust by combining both the method by a manufacturing method and the case where an additive is used.
The pH can also be adjusted with water for dissolving the solid coagulant or another additive liquid mixed immediately before. For example, high-pH seawater, groundwater, mineral springs, hot spring water, or alkaline ionized water produced by electrolysis of water or saline can be used. The aqueous solution or dispersion of the inorganic salt-based tofu coagulant may be subjected to electrolysis, electrodialysis using an ion exchange membrane, ultrafiltration, membrane dialysis, reverse osmosis membrane filtration, or the like. The pH can also be adjusted by passing a filtering agent such as coral sand, barley stone, or diatomaceous earth.
The pH adjustment range of the inorganic salt-based tofu coagulant in claim 1 of the present invention is in a so-called weakly alkaline range, and is effective at pH 7.0 to 8.5, but is preferably pH 7.5 to 8.0. The pH of the bittern should be at least higher than the pH of soymilk. For example, if the pH of soymilk is 6.7, the pH of bittern is 6.8 or more, which is not less effective.
[0009]
The pH of seawater is around 8, and there are some areas where seawater is used as it is as a coagulant, but the inorganic salt-based tofu coagulant of the present invention has a higher magnesium chloride content than seawater (in seawater). the average concentration of mg 2+ is one example of a bittern purified from 1.35 g / kg, seawater is mg 2+ 38.9g / kg), mg 2+ 2g / kg or more, preferably mg 2+ 10 to 60 g / kg Range. Further, a slurry state containing partially undissolved crystals may be used. On the other hand, the content of sodium chloride is not particularly limited, but is generally smaller than the Mg 2+ concentration. In the present invention, the unadjusted seawater itself is not included in the coagulant for inorganic salt-based tofu.
[0010]
The heating temperature of the aqueous solution of the inorganic salt-based tofu coagulant according to claim 2 is effective at 60 ° C or higher, but is preferably 80 ° C or higher. The heating time is not particularly limited, but may be about 1 minute to 1 hour after the temperature is improved. The cooling method may be any of natural cooling and rapid cooling.
The aqueous solution of the inorganic salt-based coagulant for tofu is heated and then cooled if necessary, and then used as a coagulant for tofu.
There are various heating methods such as direct heating and indirect heating, such as electromagnetic induction heating, electric heater, microwave heating, hot water bath, plate heat exchanger, and electric heating. However, the method of changing the components and concentrations is undesirable because of the adverse effect on the stability of coagulant quality and the quality (physical properties and flavor) of tofu.
In addition, heating also has the meaning of sterilization of a coagulant. The principle that the coagulation agent slows down the coagulation reaction of soy milk by heating the coagulant is not clear, but it is considered to be due to a slight increase in pH due to scattering of dissolved carbonic acid. In addition, it is considered that the hydration state of the inorganic salt changes, for example, water molecules uniformly surround Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ , and it becomes difficult for metal ions to directly react with proteins.
It is also effective to perform ultrasonic waves, vibration, stirring, etc. in conjunction with the heating, or to act on ceramics that emit far-infrared rays, strong magnetic force, or electromagnetic waves such as microwaves. The coagulation reaction retarding effect can be similarly obtained by using the aqueous solution or dispersion of the inorganic salt-based tofu coagulant which is adjusted in pH as described in claim 3 and heated as described in claim 3. .
[0011]
In the tofu production method according to the fourth aspect, the coagulation device may be a general-purpose coagulation device, and a dedicated coagulation device is not required. General-purpose products include screw stirring type, one-two type, chi type, pouring soymilk using a head, mixing the coagulant and soymilk with the force, including coagulation by hand, resin belt and metal belt There are a continuous coagulation molding machine for coagulating and ripening the above, and a hot filling device for mixing a coagulant with soymilk at 70 to 90 ° C and immediately filling and packaging.
[0012]
The coagulant obtained in the present invention may be used as a raw material of a coagulant for tofu such as the emulsified coagulant.
[0013]
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to embodiments.
[0014]
PH adjustment of inorganic salt-based tofu coagulant Concentrate seawater to precipitate calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, sodium chloride, and the remaining liquid is concentrated in seawater minerals. After concentration, purified water (pH 7.0) was added to the supernatant, and finally magnesium 3.89 g / 100 g, potassium 1.14 g / 100 g, calcium 15.7 mg / 100 g, zinc 53 ug / 100 g (atomic absorption spectrophotometry). (Measurement, pH 7.6). (Coagulant A) The pH was measured by a glass electrode method.
On the other hand, purified water was added to the concentrated solution to adjust the temperature to 30 ° Be, 2.90 g / 100 g of magnesium, 0.61 g / 100 g of potassium, and 12.0 mg / 100 g of calcium. A coagulant B, a coagulant C, and a coagulant D were obtained respectively, which were adjusted to 6.7 and 6.5.
[0015]
(Example 1)
The soybean subjected to the experiment was a soymilk produced from the United States using a soymilk production plant NS2000-S type manufactured by Takai Seisakusho Co., Ltd. A soy milk for silk tofu of 0.0% Brix was obtained. The temperature of the soymilk was measured using a plate heat exchanger. As a coagulation device, a multi-cardy S type manufactured by Takai Seisakusho was used. The coagulant A was used as the coagulant. After completion of coagulation, the mixture was aged at room temperature for 50 minutes, cut, packaged and cooled. After 24 hours, physical properties and taste were evaluated. Physical properties were measured for breaking force and crispness using a rheometer manufactured by Fudo Kogyo Co., Ltd. The measurement was performed by cutting out tofu into a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 23 mm and a height of 20 mm, and compressing it at a speed of 60 mm / min using a plunger having a diameter of 23 mm.
The taste evaluation was performed based on the average value of the five-level evaluation.
Table 1 shows the results.
[0016]
(Example 2)
A test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 using the coagulant B and the soymilk of Example 1.
Table 1 shows the results of the evaluation performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0017]
(Example 3)
Using the soymilk and the coagulant of Example 1, the evaluation results of the tofu made by the hot filling (mixing the soymilk and the coagulant in-line, filling the pack for tofu continuously and sealing) are shown. 1 is shown. (Conventionally, in a hot filling apparatus, a coagulant other than the slow-acting coagulant such as the emulsifying coagulant described above reacts quickly with soy milk, breaks the tofu when filling into a tofu pack, and the texture becomes uneven and the texture becomes uneven. And the flavor will be worse.)
[0018]
(Comparative Example 1)
A test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 using the coagulant C and the soymilk of Example 1.
Table 1 shows the results of the evaluation performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0019]
(Comparative Example 2)
A test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 using the coagulant D and the soymilk of Example 1.
Table 1 shows the results of the evaluation performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0020]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004073026
[0021]
The taste is an average value on a five-point scale. Examples 1 and 2 were superior to other conditions in evaluation of tofu breaking power and taste. The larger the numerical value representing crispness, the better the crispness, and the smaller the value, the worse the crispness.
[0022]
(Example 4)
A commercially available coagulant E (liquid) for non-pH-adjusted inorganic salt-based tofu was heated to 85 ° C. in hot water, allowed to cool to room temperature, and subjected to an experiment together with the soymilk of Example 1. The trial production of tofu was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the obtained tofu was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0023]
(Comparative Example 3)
Using the soymilk of Example 1 and the unheated inorganic salt-based tofu coagulant E (liquid), a tofu was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The obtained tofu was evaluated by the method of Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.
[0024]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004073026
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
As shown in the above results, by using the coagulant of the present invention, without impairing the flavor of bittern tofu even in high-temperature soy milk, having sufficient hardness, economically producing a good texture tofu. It became possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flow 1 of a bittern production example
FIG. 2 is a flow 2 of a bittern production example

Claims (4)

豆乳の凝固反応を遅延させるためにpHをアルカリ性側に調整する事を特徴とする無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤。An inorganic salt-based coagulant for tofu characterized by adjusting the pH to an alkaline side in order to delay the coagulation reaction of soymilk. 無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤水溶液または分散液を一旦、加熱してから使用する事を特徴とする豆腐用凝固剤。A coagulant for tofu characterized in that an aqueous solution or dispersion of an inorganic salt-based tofu coagulant is heated once and then used. 請求項1記載のようにpH調整され、かつ請求項2記載のように加熱された無機塩類系豆腐用凝固剤水溶液または分散液。An aqueous solution or dispersion of the inorganic salt-based tofu coagulant, the pH of which has been adjusted as described in claim 1 and which has been heated as claimed in claim 2. 1または2または3記載の凝固剤を用いて高温の豆乳を凝固する事を特徴とする豆腐製造方法。4. A method for producing tofu, comprising coagulating high-temperature soymilk using the coagulant according to 1 or 2 or 3.
JP2002234681A 2002-08-12 2002-08-12 Inorganic salt-based coagulant for bean curd, and method for producing bean curd Pending JP2004073026A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101212072B1 (en) * 2009-12-11 2013-01-10 (주)신선촌 Coagulant For Bean Curd And Process for Preparing thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101212072B1 (en) * 2009-12-11 2013-01-10 (주)신선촌 Coagulant For Bean Curd And Process for Preparing thereof

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