JP2004068587A

JP2004068587A - Building waterproofing method

Info

Publication number: JP2004068587A
Application number: JP2003165171A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Masaru Kondo; 近藤　勝
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-06-10
Filing date: 2003-06-10
Publication date: 2004-03-04
Anticipated expiration: 2023-06-10
Also published as: JP3830463B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waterproofing method allowing easy waterproofing work without adhering a sheet or asphalt to a waterproof surface, avoiding a long construction period due to weather conditions by giving less influences of weather conditions to waterproofing work itself, and achieving a construction period as scheduled with waterproof materials applicable to the behavior of cracking due to the aging deterioration of concrete by using flexible materials for preventing rupture. <P>SOLUTION: In constructing a land roof of a concrete body, an independent cellular waterproof plate 12 having flexibility, lower moisture permeability and higher water resistance and mainly containing calcium carbonate is adhered and fixed to the waterproof object surface 10a of a building body 10 with a self-hardening adhesive such as cement paste or mortar. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、コンクリート建築物あるいは木造建築物等の各種建築物（建造物も含む）の屋根や壁等の防水対象面の防水に用いるのに好適な建築物の防水工法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
一般に、建築物の水のかかる部分例えば屋根には、ほとんど傾斜のない陸屋根（あるいは屋上）や傾斜した傾斜屋根が採用されており、いずれの屋根も雨水が直接かかる部位である。雨水が建築物本体に染み込んだときには、浸入した水により構造材および内装材等を傷めたり、室内壁面に結露を生じたりする等の悪影響がある。
【０００３】
このような雨水の浸入を防止するため、建築物では傾斜屋根に瓦やスレートを葺くことにより建築物外に雨水を流し落とし建築物本体への水の浸入を防止しているが、瓦やスレートを葺く工程という工数および日数がかかる工程が必要になりコスト高になり易いので、大型の建築物、特に、コンクリート建築物では、防水工法を採用して雨水の浸入を防止している。
また、建築物の基礎や貯水槽等の構造物の壁面についても水の浸入を防止する必要がある。
【０００４】
建築物あるいは各種構造物における防水技術には、代表的なものとして、アスファルト防水、シート防水が知られている（特許文献１、特許文献２、特許文献３等参照）。
【０００５】
例えば図８に示すように、建築物の陸屋根の防水施工において、アスファルト防水を行う場合、熔解釜中で２５０℃程度でアスファルトを溶融させて躯体ａの表面の下地上に流しながらアスファルトルーフィング（何らかの補強材層とアスファルト層から構成される）を下地に貼り付けるものであって、アスファルトルーフィングを複数層貼り重ねて防水層ｂを多層構造に形成する。
そして、その多層構造の防水層ｂの上面に断熱体ｃを密着させて設置する。
さらに、この断熱体ｃの表面に絶縁クロスｄを介して、押さえコンクリートｅを金網ｆ入りで施工する。
屋根の躯体ａの立ち上がり部分ａ１のコーナー部ｇには、防水層ｂが直角に曲がらないように、入隅部材ｈを設けて、その入隅部材ｈに施した防水層ｂ１の表面部はさらに弾性体の保護部材ｉで押さえる。
防水層ｂは、その入隅部材ｈ上面を経由して躯体ａの立ち上がり部分ａ１の表面まで連続に形成している。
この立ち上がり部分ａ１内側に施された防水層ｂは、パネル体ｊを設けて押さえており、この防水層ｂの機械的、熱的な保護をしている。
【０００６】
なお、防水工法には、上記の他、アスファルトにゴムまたは樹脂を混合させて改質したアスファルトを下地上に加熱下あるいは常温下等で施工する改質アスファルト工法がある。また、ゴムシート防水、塩ビ（塩化ビニール）シート防水等の防水シートを接着剤で下地上に施工するシート防水工法があり、この工法では通常シートをいく層も重ねて貼り合せ積層構造にし、その表面にそのままあるいは断熱層を介在させて保護層としての施工を行なう。
【０００７】
前述のように、従来、建築物の防水構造を施すには、アスファルトを多層構造にしたり、ゴム、樹脂製のシートを多層に貼り付けたりしている。いずれの工法を採用してもシートを接着面に気泡が含まれないように貼り付ける作業は繊細な注意力を要するにもかかわらず、高温の溶融アスファルトの材料を使用したり、有機溶剤系の接着剤で貼り付け作業をしたりして何層にもわたって防水シート材料を貼り付けなければならないので、長時間作業環境の悪い中で困難な作業を行う必要があった。また、溶融アスファルトや有機溶剤から蒸発する臭気や有害ガスが作業場所周囲の環境に悪影響を及ぼし、市街地での作業は困難になって来ていた。
【０００８】
また、コンクリート躯体の下地面は、アスファルト、シート防水のいずれの場合にも、湿気がごく少なく、乾燥していることが絶対的に要求されており、したがって、従来は防水施工を雨天の時に全く行うことができず、雨よけ用のシートを屋根に広げる等の対策が必要になる。しかも、雨に降られて一旦屋根の躯体下地面が濡れてしまったら、送風機で風を送ったりドライヤーの温風を送ったりして乾燥させる対策が必要になり、防水工事は、雨天のとき以後も施工作業ができない期間が生じる。
【０００９】
さらに、建築物では、屋根の防水工事が終了しないと、建物内に水が浸入して天井や壁等の内装工事には取り掛かれず、工期自体を後送りする問題が生じる。このように従来の防水工事は、工期が天候に左右されやすくなって、工期を長引かせたり、工事計画の見直しの必要が生じたりして、人工（にんく）や作業負荷の点ばかりでなく経済的な問題を生じている。
【００１０】
しかも、従来の防水工法では、防水層は厚さが２〜３ｍｍ程度であり、コンクリートの経年劣化等によるクラック発生等の挙動に追従できず、長年の間には防水層の破断が発生する可能性が高いという問題点があった。
【００１１】
一方、木造の建築物において、外壁部に断熱材を設けた場合に断熱材に防水シートおよび防湿シートを設けて、内部への湿気の浸入を防止していた。
例えば図９に平面視図を示すように、木造の建築物の外壁部では、間柱ｍの外側部に構造用合板ｎを打ちつけ、その構造用合板ｎに気密シートｏを介装して断熱材ｐを設けている。
この断熱材ｐの外側面に防湿シートｑを張った上に竪胴縁ｒを取付、その竪胴縁ｒで外壁となる仕上げ部材ｓを支持し固定するようにしていた。仕上げ部材ｓとしては、所謂サイディングからなる仕上げ部材ｓ１とタイルからなる仕上げ部材ｓ２がある。タイルからなる仕上げ部材ｓ２を張る場合は、ラスカット張りｔ１の上に下地モルタルｔ２を塗り、その下地モルタルｔ２の外面にモルタル等の接着剤により仕上げ部材ｓ２としてのタイルを張り付けていた。
【００１２】
ところが、木造の建築物では、外壁部に設けた仕上げ部材ｓあるいは下地モルタルや接着剤に振動や経年的劣化によってひびやクラック等の隙間が生じた場合、外壁部の内部に湿気や水分が浸入する。この外壁部内部に湿気や水分が浸入するとその湿気や水分により構造用合板ｎが膨潤し、あるいは室内側の壁に結露が生じる等の建築物が傷ついてしまう不具合が生じるので、断熱材ｐの内側面に気密シートｏを張り、外側面に防湿シートｑを張って、構造用合板ｎ側に湿気や水が浸入することを防止している。
しかしながら、断熱材ｐで湿気や水分の浸入を防止するために、上記の防湿シートｑや気密シートｏ等を張るのは、作業負荷が大きく工数および日数がかかりコスト高になり易いという問題点がある。
【００１３】
【特許文献１】
特開平０７−４２３２６号公報（図１）
【特許文献２】
特開平０９−２７３２７３号公報
【特許文献３】
特開２００２−１３２５３号公報
【００１４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記従来技術の問題点に着目してなされたもので、防水面にシートやアスファルトを接着しなくても簡易に防水工事を行い得るようにできると共に、防水作業自体を天候の影響が少ないものにして天候により工期が長期化することを防止でき、さらに、可撓性を有する材料を使用して破断防止を可能にして外壁材や躯体の経年劣化等によるクラックの挙動に対応できる防水材料で計画どおりの工期を実現できる防水工法を提供することを目的とする。
【００１５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
各請求項記載の本発明は、上記課題を解決するため、以下の構成を有する。
請求項１の発明は、建築物の防水対象面に、可撓性があり透湿性が低く耐水性の高い独立気泡防水板を密着固定することを特徴とする建築物の防水工法である。
【００１６】
請求項２の発明は、前記独立気泡防水板は、建築物の躯体に対して接着剤で接着することを特徴とする。
【００１７】
請求項３の発明は、前記独立気泡防水板は、接着剤としてセメントペーストまたはモルタル等の自己硬化性のものを用いてコンクリート製の躯体外面の防水対象面に接着することを特徴とする。
【００１８】
請求項４の発明は、独立気泡防水板は、ＡＬＣ板等のコンクリート製板材の防水対象面にセメントペーストまたはモルタル等の自己硬化性の接着剤により接着することを特徴とする。
【００１９】
請求項５の発明は、建築物のコンクリート躯体施工用の型枠内に独立気泡防水板を収容し、型枠内にコンクリートを打ち込んで独立気泡防水板をコンクリート打ち込みにより躯体に接着することを特徴とする。
【００２０】
請求項６の発明は、建築物の外側部に構造用板材を設け、この構造用板材の外面部に独立気泡防水板を接着することを特徴とする。
【００２１】
請求項７の発明は、それぞれ複数の構造用板材および独立気泡防水板をそれぞれ同士の縁部で突き合わせ、これら複数の構造用板材と独立気泡防水板を重ね合わせた状態で、構造用板材同士の突き合わせ部と独立気泡防水板同士の突き合わせ部は、同じ方向に沿った状態で重ならないようにしたこと特徴とする。
【００２２】
請求項８の発明は、建築物の外側部には、構造用板材を支持する支持部材を設け、構造用板材の突き合わせ部と独立気泡防水板の突き合わせ部にそれぞれ対応する位置に支持部材を設けたことを特徴とする。
【００２３】
請求項９の発明は、独立気泡防水板は、炭酸カルシウムを主成分とした発泡断熱板を用いることを特徴とする。
【００２４】
請求項１０の発明は、独立気泡防水板は、炭酸カルシウムを主成分とした無機質充填剤５５〜７５重量部、有機系バインダー樹脂５〜１０重量部、水酸化マグネシウム２０〜３０重量部、および適量の発泡剤を混合した混合物を発泡させてなる炭酸カルシウム系発泡板であることを特徴とする。
【００２５】
請求項１１の発明は、独立気泡防水板同士の突き合わせ部にはシリコーン系の防水目地剤で接着・目地埋めをしたことを特徴とする。
【００２６】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図に基づき本発明の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。
図１は、本発明の防水工法の一実施形態（以下、第１実施形態という）をコンクリート建築物の陸屋根に適用したものを、この陸屋根を縦断面視して説明する図である。
図２は、本発明の防水工法の他の実施形態（以下、第２実施形態という）をコンクリート建築物の傾斜屋根に適用したものを、この傾斜屋根を縦断面視して説明する図である。
図３は、独立気泡防水板同士の突き合わせ部の詳細説明図である。
【００２７】
第１実施形態に係る防水工法は、図１に示すように、コンクリート建築物の陸屋根において、コンクリートからなる躯体１０の防水対象面１０ａに、可撓性があり透湿性が低く耐水性の高い独立気泡防水板１２を密着固定する施工を行うものである。
【００２８】
詳しくは、型枠等を用いてコンクリート打ち込みにより形成した躯体１０の平坦な水平屋根部分１０Ａの上面を防水対象面１０ａとし、その面の汚れ等を取り除き、独立気泡防水板１２を接着する。
接着剤１４には例えばセメントペーストまたはモルタル等の自己硬化性のものを用い、独立気泡防水板１２には例えば適宜の平面積の厚さｔ＝５０ｍｍの炭酸カルシウム系発泡板を用いて、接着剤１４を防水対象面１０ａおよび独立気泡防水板１２に塗布し（必要接着強度が得られれば片方でも良い）、その後、独立気泡防水板１２を防水対象面１０ａに敷き並べて貼り付ける。
【００２９】
このように前記独立気泡防水板１２を複数、防水対象面１０ａに敷き並べる際には、図３に詳細に示すように、上面側コーナー部を面取りした（面取り部分を符号１２ｂで示す）独立気泡防水板１２の端面１２ａ，１２ａ同士の突き合わせ部分（「突き付け部分」ともいう）に、シリコーン（変性シリコーン）からなるシール剤１６を塗布して突き合わせる。このシール剤１６を塗布する際には、独立気泡防水板１２の端面１２ａのコーナー部にも塗りまわしてこのコーナー部のシールを完全にする。
そして、面取り部分１２ｂでできた上面側の溝に、シール剤１６を埋め込んで溝による段差を無くす。この溝を埋めたシール剤１６には、上方から耐アルカリ性のガラス繊維（グラスファイバー）等からなるテープを貼り付ける補強貼り１８を施す。
【００３０】
また、躯体１０の水平屋根部分１０Ａの周りを取り囲む立ち上がり部分１０Ｂの内側壁面部分には、前記独立気泡防水板１２を別の種類の接着剤２０例えばエポキシ樹脂剤で接着をする。この場合の、独立気泡防水板１２同士の突き合わせ部に前記シール剤１６を埋め込み、かつその面取り部分１２ｂ、１２ｂ同士でできた溝にもシール剤１６の埋め込みをして、その溝を埋める。そして、独立気泡防水板１２同士で直角に形成されたコーナー下部には、前記独立気泡防水板１２と同様の素材からなる断面概略直角二等辺三角形の柱状の入隅部２２を前記接着剤２０のエポキシ樹脂剤により接着し、その三角形底辺両端に相当する部分２２ａ，２２ａと独立気泡防水板１２との間にもシール剤１６を埋め込んで、ファイバーテープ等の補強貼り１８を曲がりに沿わせて施工する。
【００３１】
前記のように、独立気泡防水板１２を、防水対象面１０ａとしての水平屋根部分１０Ａ上面と立ち上がり部分１０Ｂの内側壁面部分に貼り付けた後には、この独立気泡防水板１２の表面に保護用モルタル２６を例えば３０ｍｍ厚で塗る。モルタルには、芯金を入れて強度を上げることが好ましい。
【００３２】
独立気泡防水板１２は、モルタルペーストで防水対象面１０ａに貼り付けており、モルタルペーストは自己硬化性を有するので独立気泡防水板１２は透湿性が低いあるいは全く無くても良く、良好な貼り付け力が得られる。
【００３３】
なお、前記立ち上がり部分１０Ｂの上端にも前記独立気泡防水板１２と同じ材質の上側防水板２４を接着剤２０で貼り付けて同様に防水している。符号２４ａは立ち上がり部上端の水きり用の被い金属板である。
また、躯体１０の外壁面１０Ｃには、前記独立気泡防水板１２と同材質の外壁防水板２８がコンクリート打ち込みで躯体１０に固着されており、この外壁面１０Ｃの防水処理が終了している。この場合のコンクリート打ち込みは、躯体１０の外壁形成用の内・外対の型枠の外壁側に外壁防水板２８を密着させて収め、この型枠内にコンクリートを流し込む。そして、打ち込んだコンクリートを１日〜７日程度常温下で放置して硬化・養生後に型枠を取り去ることにより、外壁防水板２８が躯体１０に密着し強固に接着した仕上がり状態になる。
【００３４】
また、外壁防水板２８は、躯体１０の外壁面１０Ｃ側にセメントペーストまたはモルタル等の自己硬化性の接着剤で貼り付けても良い。
また、外壁防水板２８の表面には、モルタル等の接着剤を用いてタイル等の外壁仕上げ部材３０を直接貼り付けるか、あるいは吹き付けタイル等の仕上げ処理を施す。外壁防水板２８と上側防水板２４との突き当て部の外側部は互いに面取りがとされており、その面取り部同士でできた溝に変性シリコーンからなるシール剤３２を埋めておく。
【００３５】
第２実施形態に係る防水工法を適用する建築物では、図２に示すように、傾斜の形成された躯体屋根部３４を型枠で形成し、その上面を防水対象面３６とし、その防水対象面３６にセメントペーストまたはモルタル等の自己硬化性の接着剤１４で独立気泡防水板１２を貼り付ける。
独立気泡防水板１２同士の突き合わせ部には、前記図３に示したように変性シリコーンからなるシール剤１６を塗布して突き合わせ、上部の溝はシール剤１６で埋め込み、上面から補強貼り１８をする。
そして、第１実施形態と同様に、独立気泡防水板１２の上面を保護用モルタル２６で補強する。外壁防水板２８の表面に外壁仕上げ部材を貼り付ける。外壁防水板２８と独立気泡防水板１２との突き当て部の外側部は互いに面取りがとされており、その面取り部同士でできた溝に変性シリコーンからなるシール剤３２を埋めておく。
その他は第１実施形態と同様のため、同様の部分に同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。
【００３６】
以上で説明した実施形態の独立気泡防水板１２と、それと同様材質からなる入隅部２２、上側防水板２４および外壁防水板２８は、可撓性のある炭酸カルシウム系発泡板を用いている。炭酸カルシウム系発泡板には、炭酸カルシウムを主成分とした無機質充填剤５５〜７５重量部、有機系バインダー樹脂５〜１０重量部、水酸化マグネシウム２０〜３０重量部、および適量の発泡剤を混合した混合物を発泡させてなるものである。
【００３７】
また、独立気泡防水板１２の横縦厚さ等の大きさは、設計／施工に合わせて任意に選択できるが、厚さは２０ｍｍ〜５０ｍｍ程度、密度は８０〜１００ｋｇ／ｍ^３で縮強度が１．５〜２．０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ^２が好ましい。
【００３８】
なお、前記独立気泡防水板１２を貼り付ける躯体は、コンクリートと打設した躯体であったが、ＡＬＣ（軽量コンクリートボード）等のコンクリート製板材を用いた場合にその防水対象面にセメントペーストまたはモルタル等の自己硬化性の接着剤により独立気泡防水板を接着することができる。
【００３９】
図４〜図６は、本発明の防水工法のさらに他の一実施形態（以下、第３実施形態という）を説明する図であって、図４は第３実施形態に係る防水工法が適用される木造建築物の縦断面図、図５は耐水合板４５〜４７と独立気泡防水板１２との敷設状態の説明図、図６は外壁部の横断視説明図である。また、図７は、第３実施形態の変形例であって、モルタル塗りの外壁部としたものの説明図である。なお、以下の説明および図６〜図７では、第１実施形態と第２実施形態と同様部分には、同一の符号を付している。
【００４０】
第３実施形態にかかる防水工法は、本発明の建築物の防水工法を木造建築物の陸屋根および外壁に適用するものである。
すなわち、図４〜図６に示すように、第３実施形態は、木造建築物（建築物）３８の木造の陸屋根（外側部）３９および外壁部（外側部）４０に耐水合板（構造用板材）４５〜４７を設け、この耐水合板４５〜４７の外面部を防水対象面３９ａ，３９ｂ，４０ａとしてそこに可撓性があり透湿性が低く耐水性の高い独立気泡防水板１２を接着により密着固定する建築物の工法である。
【００４１】
詳しくは、木造建築物３８の躯体は、主に、陸屋根３９の上端付近まで延びる複数の縦柱４１…と、この縦柱４１…の陸屋根３９の上面部３９ｃよりやや低い位置４１ａ…同士間を繋いで水平方向に延びる複数の梁（または桁）４２…と、この複数の梁４２…に乗せ掛けられる複数の垂木（たるき）４３…と、縦柱４１…の上端部４１ｂ…間を繋いで水平方向に延びる横架材（所謂頭つなぎ）４４とを設けている。
【００４２】
複数の垂木４３…上には、構造用板材としての耐水合板４５をその面方向をほぼ水平方向に沿わせ乗せて、固定している。この耐水合板４５の上面が防水対象面３９ａになる。なお、この垂木４３…の間には、耐水合板４５の取付強度および支持強度を高めるための間柱５１が多数設けられている。
【００４３】
また、縦柱４１…の外側部には、耐水合板４６を立てかけてすなわちその面方向が上下方向に沿うようにして固定する。この耐水合板４６の外側面が防水対象面４０ａになる。なお、縦柱４１…の間には、耐水合板４６の取付強度および支持強度を高めるための間柱５１が多数設けられている。
【００４４】
縦柱４１…の上部であって陸屋根３９の内部に面する部分（後述の水平屋根部分３９Ａを取り囲む立ち上がり部分３９Ｂの内側に位置する部分）４１ｃには、耐水合板４７を立てかけてすなわちその面方向が上下方向に沿うにして固定する。この耐水合板４７の陸屋根３９内側を向く面が防水対象面３９ｂになる。なお、この縦柱４１…の間には、耐水合板４７の取付強度および支持強度を高めるための間柱５１が多数設けられている。
【００４５】
なお、前記の耐水合板４５の垂木４３および間柱５１への固定、並びに縦柱４１および間柱５１への耐水合板４６、４７の固定は釘５２を打ち打ち込むこと（所謂釘打ち）により行う（図６参照）。釘５２による固定は手間がかからず短工期になり好ましいが、この固定は釘５２による他、適宜に他の例えば接着によりあるいはスクリュー（木ねじ）で固定することができる。
また、上記では構造用板材として耐水合板４０〜４２を挙げたが、本発明の構造用板材にはその他の木製あるいは樹脂製の構造用合板あるいは構造用板材を用いることができる。
【００４６】
これらの耐水合板４５〜４７の防水対象面３９ａ，３９ｂ，４０ａについての独立気泡防水板１２を設置する工法を説明する。
防水対象面３９ａ，３９ｂ，４０ａの汚れ等を取り除き、そこに独立気泡防水板１２の接着面を合わせて接着する。この場合、接着剤４８には例えばエポキシ樹脂製のものを用い、独立気泡防水板１２には炭酸カルシウム系発泡板を用いる。接着剤４８を防水対象面３９ａ，３９ｂ，４０ａおよび独立気泡防水板１２の双方に塗布し（必要接着強度が得られれば片方でも良い）、その後、独立気泡防水板１２を防水対象面３９ａ，３９ｂ，４０ａに敷き並べて貼り付ける。
【００４７】
また、第３実施形態は、それぞれ複数の耐水合板４５…，４６…，４７…および独立気泡防水板１２…をそれぞれ同士の縁部で突き合わせ、これら複数の耐水合板４５…，４６…，４７…と独立気泡防水板１２…を重ね合わせた状態で、耐水合板４５…，４６…，４７…同士の突き合わせ部４９と独立気泡防水板１２…同士の突き合わせ部５０は、同じ方向に沿った状態で重ならないようにしたものである（図５、図６参照）。
【００４８】
つまり、独立気泡防水板１２を防水対象面３９ａ，３９ｂ，４０ａへ接着する際には、敷き並べた耐水合板４５〜４７同士の突き合わせ部４９（図５では実線で示す）と独立気泡防水板１２同士の突き合わせ部５０（図５では一点鎖線で示す）が同じ方向に沿った状態で重ならないようにずらしている。
具体的には、図５、図６に示すように、耐水合板４５〜４７と独立気泡防水板１２はその厚み以外の縦・横の大きさが同じになっており、耐水合板４５〜４７と独立気泡防水板１２とを同じ位置にせずに互いに縦横半ピッチずつずらして耐水合板４５〜４７上に独立気泡防水板１２を貼り付けている。
このように耐水合板４５〜４７と独立気泡防水板１２とをずらすことにより、互いの突き合わせ部４９と５０とが一致しない構造なので、たとえ独立気泡防水板１２の突き合わせ部５０のシール剤１６の劣化や不具合が生じても耐水合板４５〜４７上でくい止められるため、防水性、防湿性がより向上する。
【００４９】
寸法の例を挙げれば、独立気泡防水板１２は縦：１８２０（ｍｍ）、横：９１０（ｍｍ）、厚さ：５０（ｍｍ）であり、耐水合板４５〜４７は縦：１８２０（ｍｍ）、横：９１０（ｍｍ）、厚さ：１２（ｍｍ）である。横方向に半ピッチずらすのは、４５５（ｍｍ）ずらすことになり、縦方向に半ピッチずらすのは９１０（ｍｍ）ずらすことになる。
【００５０】
また、耐水合板４５〜４７同士の突き合わせ部４９と独立気泡防水板１２同士の突き合わせ部５０の位置にそれぞれ間柱５１が位置するように、耐水合板４５〜４７と独立気泡防水板１２を取付ており、各突き合わせ部４９、５０における強度の低下を間柱５１の強度で補っている。
なお、図５に二点鎖線で示すように、独立気泡防水板１２の突き合わせ部５０に外側から重ねて補強貼り１８を施してさらに強度を高めている。
また、独立気泡防水板１２の外面には保護用モルタル２６を施工している。
【００５１】
この独立気泡防水板１２を複数、防水対象面３９ａ，３９ｂ，４０ａに敷き並べる際の独立気泡防水板１２の端面１２ａ、１２ａ同士の突き合わせ部５０にシール剤１６を塗布してシールする点、独立気泡防水板１２の上面側コーナー部の面取り１２ｂを形成し上面側の溝にシール剤１６を埋め込む点、耐アルカリ性のガラス繊維等からなるテープによる補強貼り１８を施す点等は、前記第１、第２実施形態と同様であり同一の符号を付してその説明を略する。
【００５２】
また、陸屋根３９のほぼ水平な水平屋根部分（屋根の水はけのために緩い勾配が付けられている）３９Ａの周りを取り囲む立ち上がり部分３９Ｂの内側壁面部分も、独立気泡防水板１２をエポキシ樹脂剤からなる接着剤４８で接着をする。立ち上がり部分３９Ｂの上端部には、上述の上側防水板２４を接着剤４８で接着する。そして上側防水板２４の上部の所謂パラペットまで保護用モルタル２６を塗って保護する。もちろんそのモルタルの上に覆い金属板２４ａを施工することが好ましい。
独立気泡防水板１２同士の突き合わせ部分と面取り部分１２ｂ，１２ｂ同士でできた溝へのシール剤１６の埋め込みの点、補強貼り１８を施す点、コーナー下部に入隅部２２を接着する点、陸屋根３９の水平屋根部分３９Ａと立ち上がり部分３９Ｂの内側に保護用モルタル２６を施す点等は、前記第１、２実施形態と同様であり同様の部分に同一の番号を付してその説明を略する。
【００５３】
また、外壁部４０について、前記第１実施形態と同様でモルタル等の接着剤を用いてタイル等の外壁仕上げ部材３０を貼り付けている点等は、第１、第２実施形態と同様部分に同一の符号を付してその説明を略する。
【００５４】
図７は、第３実施形態の変形例の説明図であって、木造の建築物の外壁部に仕上げ部材を施工する状態を示している。
この変形例では仕上げ部材３０として、独立気泡防水板１２の外面部に直接モルタルを塗りモルタル層３０ａを形成したものである。このモルタル層３０ａの外面には防水ペイントを塗装したりあるいは吹き付けタイルを施工したりすることが好ましい。タイル張りの仕上げ部材に比較して簡易かつ低コストで仕上げ部材の施工ができる。なお、その他は第３実施形態と同様であるので、同様部分に同一符号を付して説明を略する。
【００５５】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、防水対象面に簡易に防水工事を行い得るようにできると共に、防水作業自体を天候の影響が少ないものにして天候により工期が長期化することを防止でき、環境にも悪影響を与えないで計画どおりの工期を実現できる。すなわち、可撓性があり透湿性が低い耐水性の高い独立気泡防水板を固定するのみで防水対象面の防水が可能になるため、シートを何層にも重ねたりアスファルトを溶融させたりする防水施工を必要とせずに、簡単に建築物躯体の防水ができる。また、可撓性を有する独立気泡板を防水材料に使用するので、コンクリートの経年劣化等によるクラック等の挙動に対応できる。
なお、独立気泡防水板に断熱性の機能を有する材料を用いれば、防水工事と同時に断熱工事もでき、工程が単純化し、工期が短くかつ経済的である。
【００５６】
請求項２発明によれば、前記独立気泡防水板は、建築物の躯体に対して接着剤で接着するので手間がかからず独立気泡防水板の取付作業が短時間で行える。
【００５７】
請求項３の発明によれば、前記独立気泡防水板は、接着剤としてセメントペーストまたはモルタル等の自己硬化性のものを用いてコンクリート製の躯体外面の防水対象面に接着したものにするので、アスファルトを溶かしてシートを貼り付ける手間が無く、しかも、コンクリートとセメントペーストまたはモルタル等の自己硬化性のものはなじみが良く、かつ、硬化するのに通気性が要求されないため、空隙や絶縁クロスを設けなくてもセメントペーストまたはモルタル等の自己硬化性のものは完全に硬化でき低透湿性の独立気泡防水板を確実に接着できる。また、セメントペーストまたはモルタル等のセメント系の接着剤を用いることにより、コンクリート躯体の不陸をも吸収できる（不陸調整が可能なる）。
【００５８】
請求項４の発明によれば、独立気泡防水板は、ＡＬＣ（人口軽量骨材コンクリート）板等のコンクリート製板材の防水対象面にセメントペーストまたはモルタル等の自己硬化性の接着剤により接着するので、コンクリート製板材で一般的なＡＬＣ板等にも直接貼り付け等で対応でき、取付施工が容易でかつ施工期間を短縮化できる。しかもＡＬＣ板は型枠を使用せずにそのまま取付でき、防水も独立気泡防水板をそのまま貼り付けることで対応できればきわめて工期を短縮化できる。
【００５９】
請求項５の発明によれば、建築物のコンクリート躯体施工用の型枠内に独立気泡防水板を収容し、型枠内にコンクリートを打ち込んで独立気泡防水板をコンクリート打ち込みにより躯体に接着するので、コンクリート躯体施工と同時に防水施工ができ、独立気泡防水板の施工を別途しなくてもコンクリートの打ち込みと同時にできるので、効率的な施工が可能で工期を大幅に短縮できる。
【００６０】
請求項６の発明によれば、建築物の外側部に構造用板材を設け、この構造用板材の外面部に独立気泡防水板を接着するので、独立気泡防水板により断熱と湿気や水分の浸入を防止できるので、断熱材の他に防水シートや防湿シートを施工する必要がなく、工期を短縮でき、コストを低減することができる。
【００６１】
請求項７の発明によれば、それぞれ複数の構造用板材および独立気泡防水板をそれぞれ同士の縁部で突き合わせ、これら複数の構造用板材と独立気泡防水板を重ね合わせた状態で、構造用板材同士の突き合わせ部と独立気泡防水板同士の突き合わせ部は、同じ方向に沿った状態で重ならないようにしたので、独立気泡防水板の突き合わせ部から湿気が浸入しても構造用板材の突き合わせ部に至らず、湿気が構造用板材内部に浸入することを防止できる。
なお、独立気泡防水板の外面部にモルタル塗りによりモルタル層を形成すれば、モルタル層で独立気泡防水板に雨水や太陽光が直接かかることを防止でき、それらの影響を受けにくくすることができるので、独立気泡防水板や独立気泡防水板同士の突き合わせ部に埋め込むシール部等の経年的劣化を防止できる。
【００６２】
請求項９の発明によれば、独立気泡防水板は、炭酸カルシウムを主成分とした発泡断熱板を用いたので、割れがなく下地面の凹凸への良好に追従して密着できる。すなわち。炭酸カルシウムを主成分の発泡断熱板は、可撓性が良好で伸縮性もあり、コンクリート等からなる躯体が外気温により膨張・伸縮してもそれに良好に追従して割れることが無く、施工において凹凸のある躯体下地面に対しても適応して密着させやすい。しかも、炭酸カルシウムを主成分とした発泡断熱板は、透湿性が低く、防水性が良好なばかりか良好な断熱性も有しているので、これを防水板として施工することにより防水施工と同時に断熱材の施工もでき、従来のように、防水工事と断熱工事を別途に行なう必要が無く、材料を削減し、工程を単純化し、施工に伴う工期も短縮化できる。なお、炭酸カルシウム主成分の発泡断熱材の他、独立気泡断熱板には、樹脂系の発泡断熱板（フェノール樹脂製の独立気泡断熱板や、ポリスチレン樹脂製の独立気泡断熱板等）等があるが、この種のものは、炭酸カルシウム主成分の発泡板に比較して、可撓性が低いか無いものがほとんどで、経年によるコンクリート躯体のクラック等に対応できないので、防水板として使用できない。
【００６３】
請求項１０の発明によれば、独立気泡防水板は、炭酸カルシウムを主成分とした無機質充填剤５５〜７５重量部、有機系バインダー樹脂５〜１０重量部、水酸化マグネシウム２０〜３０重量部、および適量の発泡剤を混合した混合物を発泡させてなる炭酸カルシウム系発泡板であるので、良好な施工ができる。
【００６４】
請求項１１の発明によれば、独立気泡防水板同士の突き付け箇所にはシリコーン系の防水目地剤で接着・目地埋めをしたので良好な防水特性が得られる。すなわち、このようにシリコーン系の防水目地剤はそれ自身伸縮性を有し、気候や天候による寒暖の変化で躯体および防水断熱板が膨張・収縮したり、独立気泡防水板同士がある程度ずれたりしても、それら変位に柔軟に対応して目地がきれて防水性能が低下することを確実に防止できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の防水工法に係る第１実施形態をコンクリート建築物の陸屋根に適用したものをこの陸屋根を縦断面視して説明する図である。
【図２】本発明の防水工法に係る第２実施形態をコンクリート建築物の傾斜屋根に適用したものを、この傾斜屋根を縦断面視して説明する図である。
【図３】独立気泡防水板同士の突き合わせ部の詳細説明図である。
【図４】本発明の防水工法に係る第３実施形態を木造建築物の陸屋根および外壁に適用したものを説明する図であって、この木造建築物を縦断面視して説明するものである。
【図５】図４の木造建築物の耐水合板と独立気泡防水板の敷設状態の説明図である。
【図６】図４の木造建築物の外壁部の横断面視した説明図である。
【図７】第３実施形態の変形例であってモルタル塗りの外壁部としたものの説明図である。
【図８】従来の防水工法を説明するための、躯体の陸屋根部分の説明図である。
【図９】従来の防水工法を説明するための、木造建築物の外壁部を横断視した説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１０　建築物の躯体
１０ａ　防水対象面
１２　独立気泡防水板
１４　接着剤
１６　シール剤
１８　補強貼り
２０　接着剤
２６　保護用モルタル
２８　外壁防水板
３９　陸屋根（外側部）
３９ａ，３９ｂ　防水対象面
４０　外壁部（外側部）
４０ａ　防水対象面
４５〜４７　耐水合板（構造用板材）
４９　耐水合板同士の突き合わせ部
５０　独立気泡防水板同士の突き合わせ部
５１　間柱（支持部材）[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waterproofing method for a building suitable for use in waterproofing a surface to be waterproofed such as a roof or a wall of various buildings (including a building) such as a concrete building or a wooden building.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, a flat roof (or a rooftop) or a sloping sloping roof with almost no slope is adopted for a portion of a building that is exposed to water, for example, a roof, and both roofs are directly exposed to rainwater. When rainwater permeates the building main body, there is an adverse effect such as damage to the structural material and the interior material, and dew condensation on the indoor wall surface due to the permeated water.
[0003]
In order to prevent such infiltration of rainwater, the roof of the building is covered with tiles or slate to allow rainwater to flow out of the building and prevent water from entering the building itself. A slate roofing process, which requires many steps and days, is likely to be costly. Therefore, in a large building, especially a concrete building, a waterproofing method is employed to prevent rainwater from entering.
It is also necessary to prevent water from entering the walls of structures such as building foundations and water storage tanks.
[0004]
As typical waterproofing techniques for buildings or various structures, asphalt waterproofing and sheet waterproofing are known (see Patent Literature 1, Patent Literature 2, Patent Literature 3, etc.).
[0005]
For example, as shown in FIG. 8, when asphalt waterproofing is performed in waterproofing a flat roof of a building, asphalt is melted at about 250 ° C. in a melting furnace and asphalt roofing (somewhat (A reinforcing material layer and an asphalt layer) are attached to a base, and a plurality of asphalt roofings are attached to form a waterproof layer b in a multilayer structure.
Then, a heat insulator c is placed in close contact with the upper surface of the multilayer waterproof layer b.
Further, a holding concrete e is laid on the surface of the heat insulator c via an insulating cloth d with a wire mesh f.
A corner portion h of the rising portion a1 of the roof frame a is provided with a corner member h so that the waterproof layer b does not bend at a right angle, and a surface portion of the waterproof layer b1 applied to the corner member h is further provided. It is held down by an elastic protective member i.
The waterproof layer b is formed continuously up to the surface of the rising portion a1 of the skeleton a via the upper surface of the corner member h.
The waterproof layer b provided on the inner side of the rising portion a1 is provided with a panel body j and held down to protect the waterproof layer b mechanically and thermally.
[0006]
In addition to the above-mentioned waterproofing method, there is a modified asphalt method in which asphalt modified by mixing rubber or resin with asphalt is applied on a base under heating or at room temperature. In addition, there is a sheet waterproofing method in which a waterproof sheet such as a rubber sheet waterproofing or a PVC (vinyl chloride) sheet waterproofing is applied on an underlayer with an adhesive. In this method, a normal sheet is laminated in several layers to form a laminated structure. Construction as a protective layer is performed on the surface as it is or with a heat insulating layer interposed.
[0007]
As described above, conventionally, to provide a waterproof structure for a building, a multilayer structure of asphalt or a rubber or resin sheet is applied in multiple layers. Regardless of the method used, the work of attaching the sheet so that no air bubbles are contained on the bonding surface requires delicate attention, but it uses high-temperature molten asphalt material or uses organic solvent-based bonding. Since it is necessary to apply the waterproofing sheet material over multiple layers, for example, by applying an adhesive agent, it has been necessary to perform a difficult operation in a poor working environment for a long time. In addition, odors and harmful gases evaporating from molten asphalt and organic solvents adversely affect the environment around the work place, and work in urban areas has become difficult.
[0008]
In addition, it is absolutely required that the lower ground of the concrete body be as dry as possible in both cases of asphalt and sheet waterproofing, and that it is absolutely required that the waterproofing work be completely performed in rainy weather. It cannot be performed, and measures such as spreading the sheet for rain protection on the roof are required. In addition, once it has been rained and the basement surface of the roof has become wet, measures must be taken to dry it by blowing air with a blower or hot air from a dryer. There is also a period during which construction work cannot be performed.
[0009]
Further, in a building, if the waterproofing work of the roof is not completed, water infiltrates into the building, so that the interior work such as a ceiling or a wall is not started, and the work period itself is postponed. In this way, the conventional waterproofing work is likely to be affected by the weather, the construction period is prolonged, the construction plan needs to be reviewed, and only the artificial (garlic) and work load points are required. Without economic problems.
[0010]
Moreover, in the conventional waterproofing method, the thickness of the waterproof layer is about 2 to 3 mm, and the waterproof layer cannot follow the behavior such as crack generation due to aging of the concrete, and the waterproof layer may be broken for many years. There is a problem of high performance.
[0011]
On the other hand, in a wooden building, when a heat insulating material is provided on an outer wall portion, a waterproof sheet and a moisture proof sheet are provided on the heat insulating material to prevent moisture from entering the inside.
For example, as shown in a plan view in FIG. 9, on the outer wall of a wooden building, a structural plywood n is hit on the outer side of a stud m, and an airtight sheet o is interposed on the structural plywood n to provide a heat insulating material. p is provided.
A vertical body edge r is attached to the outer surface of the heat insulating material p with a moisture-proof sheet q, and the vertical body edge r supports and fixes a finishing member s to be an outer wall. The finishing member s includes a finishing member s1 made of so-called siding and a finishing member s2 made of tile. In the case where the finishing member s2 made of a tile is stretched, the base mortar t2 is applied on the lath cut tension t1, and the tile as the finishing member s2 is stuck to the outer surface of the base mortar t2 with an adhesive such as mortar.
[0012]
However, in a wooden building, when cracks or cracks are formed in the finishing member s or the base mortar or the adhesive provided on the outer wall due to vibration or aging, moisture or moisture enters the outer wall. I do. When moisture or moisture penetrates into the outer wall portion, the moisture or moisture causes swelling of the structural plywood n, or a problem such as dew condensation on a wall on the indoor side may occur to damage the building, so that the heat insulating material p An airtight sheet o is stretched on the inner surface and a moisture-proof sheet q is stretched on the outer surface to prevent moisture and water from entering the structural plywood n side.
However, in order to prevent the infiltration of moisture and moisture with the heat insulating material p, the above-mentioned moisture-proof sheet q and the airtight sheet o are stretched because the work load is large, man-hours and days are required, and the cost tends to be high. is there.
[0013]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-07-42326 (FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-09-273273
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-2002-13253
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the related art, and it is possible to easily perform waterproofing work without attaching a sheet or asphalt to a waterproof surface, and to perform the waterproofing work itself under the influence of weather. It is possible to prevent the construction period from being prolonged due to the weather by making it less, and it is also possible to prevent breakage by using a flexible material and to respond to the behavior of cracks due to aging of the outer wall material and the skeleton etc. An object of the present invention is to provide a waterproofing method capable of realizing a scheduled construction period with a waterproof material.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention described in each claim has the following configuration to solve the above problems.
The invention according to claim 1 is a waterproofing method for a building, wherein a waterproof, closed-cell waterproof board having flexibility, low moisture permeability and high water resistance is closely fixed to a surface to be waterproofed of the building.
[0016]
The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the closed-cell waterproof plate is adhered to a building body with an adhesive.
[0017]
The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the closed-cell waterproof plate is adhered to a waterproof surface of a concrete frame using a self-curing adhesive such as cement paste or mortar as an adhesive.
[0018]
The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the closed-cell waterproof board is bonded to a waterproof surface of a concrete board such as an ALC board with a self-curing adhesive such as cement paste or mortar.
[0019]
The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that a closed cell waterproof plate is housed in a formwork for building a concrete skeleton of a building, concrete is poured into the formwork, and the closed cell waterproof plate is adhered to the skeleton by driving concrete. And
[0020]
The invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that a structural plate is provided on an outer portion of a building, and a closed-cell waterproof plate is bonded to an outer surface of the structural plate.
[0021]
According to the invention of claim 7, a plurality of structural plate members and a closed-cell waterproof plate are respectively butted at edges of each other, and in a state where the plurality of structural plate members and the closed-cell waterproof plate are overlapped with each other, The butting portion and the butting portion of the closed-cell waterproof boards are not overlapped in the same direction.
[0022]
In the invention of claim 8, a support member for supporting the structural plate is provided on the outer side of the building, and the support members are provided at positions corresponding to the butting portion of the structural plate and the butting portion of the closed-cell waterproof plate, respectively. It is characterized by having.
[0023]
The invention according to claim 9 is characterized in that the closed-cell waterproof board uses a foamed heat-insulating board containing calcium carbonate as a main component.
[0024]
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the closed cell waterproof plate, 55 to 75 parts by weight of an inorganic filler containing calcium carbonate as a main component, 5 to 10 parts by weight of an organic binder resin, 20 to 30 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide, and an appropriate amount Characterized in that it is a calcium carbonate foam plate obtained by foaming a mixture obtained by mixing the above foaming agents.
[0025]
An eleventh aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the butted portions of the closed-cell waterproof boards are bonded and filled with a silicone-based waterproofing joint.
[0026]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a waterproofing method according to an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as a first embodiment) applied to a flat roof of a concrete building, in a longitudinal sectional view of the flat roof.
FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a waterproofing method according to another embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as a second embodiment) applied to a sloping roof of a concrete building by viewing the sloping roof in a longitudinal sectional view. .
FIG. 3 is a detailed explanatory view of the butted portion of the closed-cell waterproof boards.
[0027]
As shown in FIG. 1, the waterproofing method according to the first embodiment is an independent, highly flexible, low moisture permeable, highly water-resistant surface of a concrete building on a waterproof surface 10a of a skeleton 10 made of concrete. This is for performing the work of tightly fixing the bubble waterproof plate 12.
[0028]
Specifically, the upper surface of the flat horizontal roof portion 10A of the skeleton 10 formed by concrete casting using a mold or the like is used as a waterproof target surface 10a, and dirt on the surface is removed, and the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 is bonded.
A self-curing material such as cement paste or mortar is used as the adhesive 14, and a calcium carbonate-based foam plate having an appropriate flat area and a thickness t = 50 mm is used as the closed-cell waterproof plate 12. 14 is applied to the surface 10a to be waterproofed and the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 (either one may be used as long as the required adhesive strength is obtained), and then the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 is laid and attached to the surface 10a to be waterproofed.
[0029]
When a plurality of the closed-cell waterproof plates 12 are laid on the surface 10a to be waterproofed as described above, as shown in detail in FIG. A sealing agent 16 made of silicone (modified silicone) is applied to butting portions (also referred to as “butting portions”) of the end surfaces 12 a of the waterproof plate 12, and butted against each other. When the sealing agent 16 is applied, the corner portion of the end surface 12a of the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 is also applied to complete the sealing at the corner portion.
Then, the sealant 16 is embedded in the groove on the upper surface side formed by the chamfered portion 12b to eliminate a step due to the groove. The reinforcing agent 18 for applying a tape made of alkali-resistant glass fiber (glass fiber) or the like is applied to the sealant 16 filling the groove from above.
[0030]
Further, the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 is adhered to the inner wall surface portion of the rising portion 10B surrounding the horizontal roof portion 10A of the frame 10 with another type of adhesive 20, for example, epoxy resin. In this case, the sealing agent 16 is embedded in the butted portion of the closed-cell waterproof plates 12, and the sealing agent 16 is also embedded in the groove formed by the chamfered portions 12b, 12b to fill the groove. In the lower part of the corner formed at a right angle between the closed-cell waterproof boards 12, a column-shaped corner 22 having a substantially right-angled isosceles triangular cross section made of the same material as the closed-cell waterproof board 12 is formed. The sealing agent 16 is also embedded between the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 and the portions 22a, 22a corresponding to both ends of the triangular base, and a reinforcing paste 18 such as fiber tape is applied along the bend. I do.
[0031]
As described above, after the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 is attached to the upper surface of the horizontal roof portion 10A as the surface to be waterproof 10a and the inner wall surface of the rising portion 10B, the surface of the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 is provided with a protective mortar. 26 is applied with a thickness of, for example, 30 mm. It is preferable to increase the strength by inserting a core into the mortar.
[0032]
The closed-cell waterproof plate 12 is adhered to the surface 10a to be waterproofed with mortar paste. Since the mortar paste has a self-curing property, the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 may have low or no moisture permeability, and may have good adhesion. Power is gained.
[0033]
Note that an upper waterproof plate 24 made of the same material as the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 is attached to the upper end of the rising portion 10B with an adhesive 20 to similarly waterproof. The reference numeral 24a is a drain metal covering metal plate at the upper end of the rising portion.
An outer wall waterproof plate 28 of the same material as that of the closed cell waterproof plate 12 is fixed to the outer wall 10C of the skeleton 10 by driving concrete into the outer wall 10C, and the waterproofing of the outer wall 10C is completed. In this case, concrete is poured in such a manner that the outer wall waterproof plate 28 is closely attached to the outer wall side of the inner / outer pair formwork for forming the outer wall of the frame 10, and concrete is poured into the formwork. Then, the poured concrete is allowed to stand at room temperature for about 1 to 7 days, and the mold is removed after hardening and curing, so that the outer wall waterproof plate 28 is brought into close contact with the frame 10 and is brought into a finished state in which it is firmly adhered.
[0034]
In addition, the outer wall waterproof plate 28 may be attached to the outer wall surface 10C side of the skeleton 10 with a self-curing adhesive such as cement paste or mortar.
In addition, the outer wall finishing member 30 such as a tile is directly adhered to the surface of the outer wall waterproof plate 28 using an adhesive such as mortar, or a finishing process such as spray tile is performed. The outer side of the abutting portion between the outer wall waterproof plate 28 and the upper waterproof plate 24 is chamfered with each other, and a groove 32 formed between the chamfered portions is filled with a sealant 32 made of modified silicone.
[0035]
In the building to which the waterproofing method according to the second embodiment is applied, as shown in FIG. 2, a framed roof portion 34 having a slope is formed by a formwork, the upper surface of which is a waterproofing surface 36, The closed-cell waterproof plate 12 is attached to the surface 36 with a self-curing adhesive 14 such as cement paste or mortar.
As shown in FIG. 3, a sealing agent 16 made of modified silicone is applied to butted portions of the closed-cell waterproof plates 12 as shown in FIG. 3, and the upper groove is filled with the sealing agent 16 and a reinforcing paste 18 is applied from the upper surface. .
Then, similarly to the first embodiment, the upper surface of the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 is reinforced with a protective mortar 26. An outer wall finishing member is attached to the surface of the outer wall waterproof plate 28. The outer side of the abutting portion between the outer wall waterproof plate 28 and the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 is chamfered with each other, and a sealant 32 made of modified silicone is buried in a groove formed by the chamfered portions.
The other parts are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
[0036]
The closed-cell waterproof plate 12 of the embodiment described above, and the corner 22, the upper waterproof plate 24, and the outer wall waterproof plate 28 made of the same material as the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 are made of a flexible calcium carbonate-based foam plate. In the calcium carbonate foam board, 55 to 75 parts by weight of an inorganic filler containing calcium carbonate as a main component, 5 to 10 parts by weight of an organic binder resin, 20 to 30 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide, and an appropriate amount of a foaming agent are mixed. The resulting mixture is foamed.
[0037]
The size such as the horizontal and vertical thickness of the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 can be arbitrarily selected according to the design / construction, but the thickness is about 20 mm to 50 mm and the density is 80 to 100 kg / m. ³ And the shrink strength is 1.5-2.0kgf / cm ² Is preferred.
[0038]
The skeleton to which the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 is attached is a skeleton cast with concrete. However, when a concrete plate material such as ALC (lightweight concrete board) is used, a cement paste or mortar is applied to the surface to be waterproofed. The closed-cell waterproof plate can be bonded with a self-curing adhesive such as.
[0039]
4 to 6 are views for explaining still another embodiment (hereinafter, referred to as a third embodiment) of the waterproofing method according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a view to which the waterproofing method according to the third embodiment is applied. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a laid state of water-resistant plywood 45 to 47 and a closed-cell waterproof plate 12, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of an outer wall portion. FIG. 7 is a modified example of the third embodiment, and is an explanatory diagram of a mortar-coated outer wall portion. In the following description and FIGS. 6 and 7, the same parts as those in the first embodiment and the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0040]
In the waterproofing method according to the third embodiment, the waterproofing method for a building of the present invention is applied to a flat roof and an outer wall of a wooden building.
That is, as shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6, in the third embodiment, a wooden building (building) 38 has a wooden land roof (outside portion) 39 and an outer wall portion (outside portion) 40 provided with water-resistant plywood (structural plate material). ) 45 to 47 are provided, and the outer surfaces of the water-resistant plywood 45 to 47 are made to be waterproof surfaces 39a, 39b, and 40a. This is the method of building to be fixed.
[0041]
Specifically, the frame of the wooden building 38 mainly includes a plurality of vertical columns 41 extending to near the upper end of the flat roof 39, and a position 41a slightly lower than the upper surface portion 39c of the flat roof 39 of the vertical columns 41. A plurality of beams (or girders) 42 extending in the horizontal direction by connecting, a plurality of rafters (rafters) 43 mounted on the plurality of beams 42, and upper end portions 41b of the vertical columns 41 are connected. And a horizontal member (so-called head connection) 44 extending in the horizontal direction.
[0042]
On a plurality of rafters 43, a water-resistant plywood 45 as a structural board is mounted and fixed with the surface direction substantially parallel to the horizontal direction. The upper surface of the waterproof plywood 45 is the waterproof surface 39a. A number of pillars 51 are provided between the rafters 43 to increase the mounting strength and the supporting strength of the waterproof plywood 45.
[0043]
A water-resistant plywood 46 is fixed upright on the outer side of the vertical columns 41, that is, the surface direction thereof is along the vertical direction. The outer surface of the water-resistant plywood 46 is the waterproof surface 40a. A large number of pillars 51 are provided between the vertical pillars 41 to increase the mounting strength and the supporting strength of the water-resistant plywood 46.
[0044]
A water-resistant plywood 47 is erected on a portion 41c above the vertical pillars 41 and facing the inside of the land roof 39 (a portion located inside a rising portion 39B surrounding a horizontal roof portion 39A described later), that is, in the surface direction. Is fixed along the vertical direction. The surface of the waterproof plywood 47 facing the inside of the flat roof 39 is the surface 39b to be waterproofed. A large number of pillars 51 are provided between the vertical pillars 41 to increase the mounting strength and the supporting strength of the waterproof plywood 47.
[0045]
The water-resistant plywood 45 is fixed to the rafter 43 and the stud 51 and the water-resistant plywood 46 and 47 are fixed to the vertical column 41 and the stud 51 by driving a nail 52 (so-called nailing) (FIG. 6). reference). Fixing with the nails 52 is preferable because it takes less time and has a shorter construction period, but this fixing can be performed by means of the nails 52 or other appropriate means such as bonding or using screws (wood screws).
In the above description, the water-resistant plywood 40 to 42 is mentioned as the structural plate, but other wooden or resin-made structural plywood or structural plate can be used as the structural plate of the present invention.
[0046]
A method of installing the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 on the surfaces to be waterproof 39a, 39b, 40a of the waterproof plywood 45 to 47 will be described.
The surfaces to be waterproofed 39a, 39b, and 40a are cleaned of dirt and the like, and the bonded surfaces of the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 are adhered thereto. In this case, an adhesive made of, for example, epoxy resin is used as the adhesive 48, and a calcium carbonate-based foam plate is used as the closed-cell waterproof plate 12. The adhesive 48 is applied to both the waterproof surfaces 39a, 39b, 40a and the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 (only one may be used as long as the required adhesive strength is obtained), and then the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 is applied to the waterproof target surfaces 39a, 39b. , 40a.
[0047]
In the third embodiment, a plurality of waterproof plywoods 45, 46, 47, and a closed-cell waterproof board 12 are abutted at edges of each other, and the plurality of waterproof plywoods 45, 46, 47,. The butted portions 49 of the water-resistant plywood 45 ..., 46 ..., 47 ... and the butted portions 50 of the closed cell waterproof plates 12 ... are arranged in the same direction. They do not overlap (see FIGS. 5 and 6).
[0048]
That is, when the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 is adhered to the surfaces to be waterproofed 39a, 39b, 40a, the butted portion 49 (shown by a solid line in FIG. The butted portions 50 (shown by dashed lines in FIG. 5) are shifted so as not to overlap in the same direction.
Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the waterproof plywood 45 to 47 and the closed-cell waterproof board 12 have the same vertical and horizontal sizes except for their thickness. The closed-cell waterproof board 12 is stuck on the water-resistant plywood 45 to 47 by shifting the closed-cell waterproof board 12 by a half-pitch vertically and horizontally without being located at the same position.
By displacing the waterproof plywood 45 to 47 and the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 in this way, the butted portions 49 and 50 do not coincide with each other. Even if any trouble occurs, the water-resistant plywood 45 to 47 is stuck on the plywood 45 to 47, so that the waterproof property and the moisture-proof property are further improved.
[0049]
As an example of the dimensions, the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 has a length of 1820 (mm), a width of 910 (mm), and a thickness of 50 (mm), and the water-resistant plywood 45 to 47 has a length of 1820 (mm). The width: 910 (mm) and the thickness: 12 (mm). Shifting by half a pitch in the horizontal direction shifts by 455 (mm), and shifting by a half pitch in the vertical direction shifts by 910 (mm).
[0050]
Further, the water-resistant plywood 45 to 47 and the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 are mounted such that the studs 51 are located at the positions of the butted portions 49 of the water-resistant plywood 45 to 47 and the butted portions 50 of the closed-cell waterproof plates 12 respectively. The decrease in strength at the butting portions 49 and 50 is compensated for by the strength of the stud 51.
In addition, as shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 5, the reinforcing portion 18 is applied on the butted portion 50 of the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 from the outside to further enhance the strength.
A protective mortar 26 is provided on the outer surface of the closed-cell waterproof plate 12.
[0051]
When the plurality of closed-cell waterproof boards 12 are laid on the surfaces to be waterproofed 39a, 39b, and 40a, the sealing agent 16 is applied to the butted portions 50 of the end faces 12a and 12a of the closed-cell waterproof boards 12 to seal them. The point of forming the chamfer 12b at the corner on the upper surface side of the bubble waterproof plate 12 and embedding the sealant 16 in the groove on the upper surface side, the point of applying the reinforcing paste 18 with a tape made of alkali-resistant glass fiber, etc. It is the same as the second embodiment, and the same reference numerals are given and the description is omitted.
[0052]
The inner wall surface of the rising portion 39B surrounding the substantially horizontal horizontal roof portion 39A of the flat roof 39 (which is provided with a gentle slope for draining the roof) 39A is also made of an epoxy resin agent. With an adhesive 48. The above upper waterproof plate 24 is adhered to the upper end of the rising portion 39B with an adhesive 48. Then, the so-called parapet on the upper side of the upper waterproof plate 24 is protected by applying a protective mortar 26. Of course, it is preferable to cover the mortar with the metal plate 24a.
A point of embedding the sealing agent 16 in a groove formed by the butted portions of the closed-cell waterproof plates 12 and the chamfered portions 12b, 12b, a point of applying the reinforcing paste 18, a point of bonding the inset 22 to a lower portion of the corner, a flat roof The point that the protective mortar 26 is applied to the inside of the horizontal roof portion 39A and the rising portion 39B of 39 is the same as in the first and second embodiments, and the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. .
[0053]
The outer wall portion 40 is similar to the first embodiment in that the outer wall finishing member 30 such as a tile is adhered using an adhesive such as mortar in the same manner as in the first and second embodiments. The same reference numerals are given and the description is omitted.
[0054]
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a modified example of the third embodiment, and shows a state in which a finishing member is installed on an outer wall portion of a wooden building.
In this modification, as the finishing member 30, mortar is applied directly to the outer surface of the closed-cell waterproof plate 12 to form a mortar layer 30a. It is preferable to apply a waterproof paint on the outer surface of the mortar layer 30a or apply a spray tile. Finishing members can be constructed more easily and at lower cost than tiled finishing members. Since the other components are the same as those of the third embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the same components, and the description is omitted.
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the waterproofing work can be easily performed on the surface to be waterproofed, and the waterproofing work itself is less affected by the weather so that the construction period can be prevented from being prolonged due to the weather. The construction period as planned can be realized without giving it. In other words, since the waterproof target surface can be waterproofed only by fixing a flexible, water-resistant, low-water-resistance, closed-cell waterproof plate that is flexible and has low moisture permeability, waterproofing is performed by stacking multiple layers of sheets or melting asphalt. The construction body can be easily waterproofed without the need for construction. Further, since the closed cell plate having flexibility is used as the waterproof material, it is possible to cope with a behavior such as a crack due to aging of the concrete.
If a material having a heat insulating property is used for the closed-cell waterproof plate, the waterproofing work can be performed simultaneously with the heat insulating work, and the process is simplified, and the construction period is short and economical.
[0056]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the closed-cell waterproof board is adhered to the building frame with an adhesive, the work of attaching the closed-cell waterproof board can be performed in a short time without any trouble.
[0057]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the closed-cell waterproof plate is made of a self-curing material such as cement paste or mortar as an adhesive, and is adhered to the waterproof surface of the concrete skeleton outer surface. There is no need to dissolve the asphalt and stick the sheet.Moreover, self-curing materials such as concrete and cement paste or mortar are familiar and do not require air permeability to cure. Even without providing, a self-curing material such as cement paste or mortar can be completely cured and a low-moisture-permeable closed-cell waterproof plate can be securely bonded. In addition, by using a cement-based adhesive such as cement paste or mortar, it is possible to absorb unevenness of the concrete body (adjustment of unevenness is possible).
[0058]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the closed-cell waterproof board is bonded to a waterproof surface of a concrete board such as an ALC (population lightweight aggregate concrete) board by a self-curing adhesive such as cement paste or mortar. Also, it can be directly applied to a general ALC plate or the like with a concrete plate material, so that the mounting work is easy and the work period can be shortened. In addition, the ALC board can be mounted as it is without using a mold, and if the waterproofing can be achieved by sticking the closed-cell waterproof board as it is, the construction period can be significantly shortened.
[0059]
According to the invention of claim 5, the closed-cell waterproof plate is housed in the formwork for constructing the concrete skeleton of the building, and concrete is poured into the formwork and the closed-cell waterproof plate is adhered to the skeleton by driving the concrete. Waterproofing can be performed simultaneously with the construction of the concrete body, and the concrete can be poured in without separate closed cell waterproofing plates, thus enabling efficient construction and greatly shortening the construction period.
[0060]
According to the invention of claim 6, since the structural plate is provided on the outer side of the building, and the closed-cell waterproof plate is bonded to the outer surface of the structural plate, the closed-cell waterproof plate insulates and infiltrates moisture and moisture. Therefore, there is no need to install a waterproof sheet or a moisture-proof sheet in addition to the heat insulating material, so that the construction period can be shortened and the cost can be reduced.
[0061]
According to the invention of claim 7, the plurality of structural plate members and the closed-cell waterproof plate are respectively butted at edges of each other, and the structural plate member and the closed-cell waterproof plate are overlapped with each other. The butted portion of the closed-cell waterproof boards are not overlapped in the same direction, so that even if moisture enters from the butted section of the closed-cell waterproof board, Thus, it is possible to prevent moisture from entering the inside of the structural plate material.
In addition, if a mortar layer is formed by mortar coating on the outer surface of the closed-cell waterproof plate, rainwater or sunlight can be prevented from being directly applied to the closed-cell waterproof plate with the mortar layer, and the influence thereof can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the secular deterioration of the closed-cell waterproof plate or the seal portion embedded in the butted portion of the closed-cell waterproof plates.
[0062]
According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, since the closed-cell waterproof board uses a foamed heat-insulating board containing calcium carbonate as a main component, the closed-cell waterproof board does not crack and can follow and adhere to irregularities on the base surface. That is. Foamed insulation board mainly composed of calcium carbonate has good flexibility and elasticity, and it does not crack easily following the expansion and contraction of the body made of concrete etc. It is easy to adapt and adhere to the uneven base surface of the skeleton. In addition, foamed heat insulating boards containing calcium carbonate as a main component have low moisture permeability and good water resistance, and also have good heat insulating properties. Insulation material can also be installed, so that there is no need to separately perform waterproofing work and heat insulation work as in the past, so that materials can be reduced, the process can be simplified, and the construction period involved can be shortened. In addition to the foamed heat insulating material mainly composed of calcium carbonate, the closed cell heat insulating plate includes a resin-based foamed heat insulating plate (a closed cell heat insulating plate made of a phenol resin, a closed cell heat insulating plate made of a polystyrene resin, and the like). However, most of these types have low or no flexibility as compared with foamed plates mainly composed of calcium carbonate, and cannot be used as a waterproof plate because they cannot cope with cracks or the like of a concrete frame due to aging.
[0063]
According to the invention of claim 10, the closed-cell waterproof board has 55 to 75 parts by weight of an inorganic filler containing calcium carbonate as a main component, 5 to 10 parts by weight of an organic binder resin, 20 to 30 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide, Since it is a calcium carbonate-based foamed plate obtained by foaming a mixture obtained by mixing an appropriate amount of a foaming agent, good construction can be performed.
[0064]
According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, a good waterproof property can be obtained because the abutting portion between the closed-cell waterproof boards is bonded and filled with a silicone-based waterproofing joint agent. That is, as described above, the silicone-based waterproofing joint agent itself has elasticity, and the body and the waterproof insulating plate expand and contract due to changes in temperature due to climate and weather, and the closed-cell waterproof plates may shift to some extent. However, it is possible to reliably prevent the joint from being cut off and the waterproof performance from being lowered in response to the displacement.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a first embodiment according to a waterproofing method of the present invention applied to a flat roof of a concrete building, in a longitudinal sectional view of the flat roof.
FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a waterproofing method according to a second embodiment of the present invention applied to a sloping roof of a concrete building, when the sloping roof is viewed in vertical section.
FIG. 3 is a detailed explanatory view of a butted portion between closed-cell waterproof boards.
FIG. 4 is a view for explaining a third embodiment according to the waterproofing method of the present invention applied to a flat roof and an outer wall of a wooden building, and is described in a longitudinal sectional view of the wooden building. .
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a laid state of a water-resistant plywood and a closed-cell waterproof board of the wooden building in FIG. 4;
6 is an explanatory view of the outer wall portion of the wooden building in FIG. 4 as viewed in a transverse cross section.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a modification of the third embodiment, in which a mortar-coated outer wall portion is used.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a flat roof portion of a skeleton for explaining a conventional waterproofing method.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an outer wall of a wooden building for explaining a conventional waterproofing method.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Building frame
10a Surface to be waterproofed
12. Closed cell waterproof board
14 Adhesive
16 Sealant
18 Reinforcement paste
20 adhesive
26 Mortar for protection
28 Outer wall waterproof board
39 Flat roof (outside)
39a, 39b Surface to be waterproofed
40 Outer wall (outer part)
40a Waterproof surface
45-47 Water Resistant Plywood (Structural Plate)
49 Butt of water-resistant plywood
50 Butt joint between closed-cell waterproof boards
51 Stud (support member)

Claims

A waterproofing method for a building, characterized in that a flexible, low-moisture-resistant, highly water-resistant, closed-cell waterproof plate is fixedly adhered to a waterproof surface of the building.

The building waterproofing method according to claim 1, wherein the closed-cell waterproof board is bonded to a building body with an adhesive.

3. The building according to claim 2, wherein the closed-cell waterproof plate is adhered to a waterproof surface of a concrete frame using a self-curing material such as cement paste or mortar as an adhesive. 4. Waterproof construction method.

The waterproof structure for a building according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the closed-cell waterproof plate is bonded to a waterproof surface of a concrete plate such as an ALC plate with a self-curing adhesive such as cement paste or mortar. Construction method.

The closed cell waterproof board is housed in a formwork for the construction of a concrete skeleton of a building, concrete is poured into the formwork, and the closed cell waterproof board is bonded to the skeleton by driving concrete. Waterproofing method for buildings.

2. The waterproofing method for a building according to claim 1, wherein a structural plate is provided on an outer portion of the building, and a closed-cell waterproof plate is adhered to an outer surface of the structural plate.

Each of the plurality of structural plate members and the closed-cell waterproof plate are abutted at edges of each other, and in a state where the plurality of structural plate members and the closed-cell waterproof plate are overlapped, the abutting portion of the structural plate members and the closed-cell waterproof plate are provided. 7. The waterproofing method for a building according to claim 6, wherein the abutting portions are not overlapped in the same direction.

A support member for supporting the structural plate material is provided on an outer portion of the building, and the support members are provided at positions corresponding to the butting portion of the structural plate material and the butting portion of the closed-cell waterproof plate, respectively. Item 8. The waterproofing method for buildings according to Item 7.

The waterproofing method for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the closed-cell waterproof board is a foam insulating board mainly containing calcium carbonate.

The closed-cell waterproof plate is a mixture of 55 to 75 parts by weight of an inorganic filler containing calcium carbonate as a main component, 5 to 10 parts by weight of an organic binder resin, 20 to 30 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide, and an appropriate amount of a foaming agent. The waterproofing method for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the waterproofing method is a calcium carbonate-based foam plate obtained by foaming.

11. The waterproofing method for a building according to claim 9, wherein the butted portions of the closed-cell waterproof plates are bonded and filled with a silicone-based waterproofing joint.