JP2004059622A - Water-based coating composition - Google Patents

Water-based coating composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004059622A
JP2004059622A JP2002216465A JP2002216465A JP2004059622A JP 2004059622 A JP2004059622 A JP 2004059622A JP 2002216465 A JP2002216465 A JP 2002216465A JP 2002216465 A JP2002216465 A JP 2002216465A JP 2004059622 A JP2004059622 A JP 2004059622A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
parts
emulsion
polymer
core
shell
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JP2002216465A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazuo Nomoto
野本 一夫
Masanobu Tsumura
津村 昌伸
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Kansai Paint Co Ltd
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Kansai Paint Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2002216465A priority Critical patent/JP2004059622A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water-based coating composition which is excellent in low-temperature film formation properties and antifreezing properties and can form a coating film excellent in strength and surface nontackiness. <P>SOLUTION: This water-based coating composition does not substantially contain a volatile organic compound and contains, as the binder component, a core/shell emulsion which is obtained by the emulsion polymerization of a polymerizable unsaturated monomer in the presence of water. In the core/shell emulsion, the core is a polymer with a glass transition temperature of -65 to 0°C; the shell is a polymer with a glass transition temperature of 35-120°C and an acid value of 4-80 mgKOH/g; the wt. ratio of the core polymer to the shell polymer is (40/60)-(90/10); and the emulsion particle diameter is 200-2,000nm. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、低温での造膜性、凍結安定性に優れ、強度及び表面不粘着性に優れた塗膜を形成できる水性塗料組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及びその課題】
従来、建築用に代表される汎用の水性エマルション塗料は、低温での成膜性を確保するために、成膜助剤として比較的高沸点の有機溶剤が使用されており、また、凍結安定性を確保するために、凍結防止剤としてエチレングリコール等の低分子有機化合物が使用されていた。これらの助剤は揮発性有機化合物(VOC)であり、揮発すると、大気汚染など、環境に悪影響を及ぼす原因となる。また、これらの助剤を含有しない水性エマルション塗料は、使用条件、貯蔵条件が大きく制約されるので、汎用の水性エマルション塗料として使用することはできなかった。これらの事情を詳しく述べれば次の通りである。
【0003】
成膜助剤を含有しない水性エマルション塗料は、5〜10℃の低温環境下では、成膜不良となるため、使用不可能となってしまう。また、凍結防止剤を含有しない水性エマルション塗料は、−10〜0℃の氷点下において凍結し、解凍後も凝固状態になってしまう可能性がある。したがって、その温度条件下での塗料の貯蔵は避けなければならず、取り扱い上、大きな制約のある塗料になってしまう。
【0004】
本発明の目的は、VOCに相当する成膜助剤や凍結防止剤を使用しなくても、造膜性、凍結安定性に優れたコア/シェルエマルションを含む水性塗料組成物を提供することであり、さらに強度及び表面不粘着性に優れた塗膜を形成できる水性塗料組成物を提供することである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、コアがガラス転移温度が低い重合体であり、シェルがガラス転移温度が高く、特定の酸価を有する特定の重合体である水性コア/シェルエマルションによって上記目的を達成できることを見出し本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明は、水の存在下で重合性不飽和モノマーを乳化重合することによって得られるコア/シェルエマルションであって、コアがガラス転移温度−65〜0℃の重合体であり、シェルがガラス転移温度35〜120℃で且つ酸価が4〜80mgKOH/gの範囲内にある重合体であって、コアの重合体とシェルの重合体との重量比が前者/後者の比で40/60〜90/10の範囲内にあり、エマルション粒子径が200〜2000nmのの範囲内にあるコア/シェルエマルションをバインダー成分とし、実質的に揮発性有機化合物を含有しないことを特徴とする水性塗料組成物を提供するものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明においてコア/シェルエマルションは、平均粒子径が200〜2000nm、好ましくは250〜1000nmのコアシェル型粒子から成る。コアシェル型粒子とは、中心層と外殻層からなる多層構造粒子である。両層の間に別の層を形成することも可能である。
【0008】
コアシェル型粒子から成るエマルションは、シード乳化重合法または多段階乳化重合法によって、合成される。例えば2層構造粒子の場合であれば、まず、ガラス転移温度−65〜0℃、好ましくは−55〜−5℃の樹脂を形成する1段目の重合性不飽和モノマー(1種または2種以上の混合物)を乳化重合してシード粒子を作成し、ついで該シードの存在下に、ガラス転移温度35〜120℃、好ましくは40〜110℃の樹脂を形成する2段目の重合性不飽和モノマー(1種または2種以上の混合物)を供給して乳化重合することにより、コアシェル型粒子が得られる。3層またはそれ以上の層から成る粒子の場合には、上記の1段目と2段目のプロセスの中間に、他の樹脂層を形成する重合性不飽和モノマー(1種または2種以上の混合物)を供給して乳化重合するプロセスが加わる。
【0009】
尚、本明細書において各共重合体のガラス転移温度Tg(℃)の絶対温度をTg”とすると以下のように計算できる。
【0010】
1/Tg”=W1′/T1+W2′/T2・・・ +Wn′/Tn
(式中、W1′、W2′… Wn′は共重合体の製造に使用される合計の全モノマーに対する各モノマーの重量分率、T1、T2、… Tnは各モノマーのホモポリマーのガラス転移温度(絶対温度)を示す。)。
【0011】
上記コアの重合体とシェルの重合体との重量比は、前者/後者の比で40/60〜90/10、好ましくは45/55〜85/15の範囲内とする。この範囲外では、 低温での成膜性が不良になるか、または形成される塗膜の強度や表面不粘着性が低下するので望ましくない。
【0012】
コアシェルエマルションの粒子径は、200〜2000nm、好ましくは250〜1000nmの範囲内とする。該粒子径が200nmより小さいと、凍結安定性や機械的安定性などの分散安定性が劣り、2000nmより大きいと、放置安定性や造膜性が悪くなるので好ましくない。
【0013】
上記重合性不飽和モノマーの具体例としては、例えば、スチレン、エチルビニルベンゼン、α−メチルスチレン、フルオロスチレンなどの芳香族モノビニル化合物;アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリルなどのシアン化ビニル化合物;メチルアクリレート、エチルアクリレート、ブチルアクリレート、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート、β−アクリロイルオキシエチルハイドロジエンフタレート、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、2−アクリロイルオキシ−2−ヒドロキシエチルフタル酸、2−ヒドロキシ−3−フェノキシプロピルアクリレート、グリシジルアクリレート、N,N−ジメチルアミノエチルアクリレートなどのアクリル酸エステルモノマー;メチルメタクリレート、エチルメタクリレート、ブチルメタクリレート、2−エチルヘキシルメタクリレート、メトキシジエチレングリコールメタクリレート、メトキシポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート、2−メタクリロイルオキシ−2−ヒドロキシプロピルフタレート、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、シクロヘキシルメタクリレート、グリシジルメタクリレート、N,N−ジメチルアミノエチルアクリレートなどのメタクリル酸エステルモノマー;アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、マレイン酸、イタコン酸などのカルボン基含有不飽和モノマー、およびそれらの無水物;スルホエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸、メタクリロイルオキシスルホン酸ナトリウムなどのスルホン酸基または硫酸エステル基含有不飽和モノマー;アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド、 N,N−ジメチルアクリルアミドなどのアミド系モノマー;シリコン変性モノマー;ポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコール(メタ)アクリレートなどのポリオキシアルキレンマクロモノマー;ジビニルベンゼン、1,6−ヘキサンジオールジアクリレートなどの多ビニル化合物等を挙げられる。
【0014】
本発明では、コア重合体を構成する重合性不飽和モノマーの少なくとも一部として上記多ビニル化合物を用いるなどによって、コア重合体を架橋重合体とすることが塗膜物性の点で有利である。一方、シェル重合体は、酸価が4〜80mgKOH/g、好ましくは5〜60mgKOH/gの範囲内となるようにする。酸価が4mgKOH/g未満では、粒子の分散安定性が不十分で、機械的安定性や凍結安定性に問題を生じる恐れがあり、80mgKOH/gを越えると、塗膜の耐水性が低下するので望ましくない。
【0015】
またシェル重合体を構成する重合性不飽和モノマーの少なくとも一部として、上記スルホン酸モノマー、アミドモノマー及びポリオキシアルキレンマクロモノマーから選ばれる少なくとも1種の親水性重合性不飽和モノマーを用いることが、得られる塗膜の凍結安定性の点で有利である。
【0016】
上記乳化重合は、通常、水及び乳化剤の存在下で行なわれる。該乳化剤としては、揮発性有機化合物を含まないものであれば特に限定なく公知のアニオン型界面活性剤、ノニオン型界面活性剤、カチオン型界面活性剤、反応性乳化剤、およびこれらの混合物を用いることができる。
【0017】
アニオン型界面活性剤としては、各種脂肪酸塩、高級アルコール硫酸エステル塩、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル硫酸塩、ポリカルボン酸型高分子界面活性剤などを挙げることができる。ノニオン型界面活性剤としては、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレンブロックコポリマーなどを挙げることができる。また、カチオン型界面活性剤としては、アルキルアミン塩、第4級アンモニウム塩などを挙げることができる。反応性乳化剤は、分子中に重合性基を有する界面活性剤であり、具体例としては、「アデカリアソープSE−10N」(旭電化工業(株)製、商品名)、「アクアロンHS−10」(第一工業製薬(株)製、商品名)などを挙げることができる。
【0018】
これらの乳化剤の使用量は、用いる単量体の総量に対して、0.01〜10重量%、好ましくは、0.1〜5重量%の範囲にあることが適当である。
【0019】
上記乳化重合では、凍結安定性などの粒子の安定性を高める観点から、必要に応じて乳化剤を後添加してもよい。後添加される乳化剤としては、ソルビタン系ノニオン型界面活性剤が好適である。
【0020】
上記乳化重合において重合性不飽和モノマーを重合させるために、通常、重合開始剤を添加する。該重合開始剤としては、揮発性有機化合物が発生せずそれ自身も揮発性有機化合物に該当しないものであれば、特に限定なく従来公知のものが使用でき、具体例としては、過酸化水素の如き水溶性無機過酸化物;過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸アンモニウムの如き過硫酸塩類などが挙げられ、これらは単独または2種以上併用して使用できる。使用量としては、重合性不飽和モノマー使用量に対して、0.1〜2重量%が望ましい。尚、過酸化物系重合開始剤と金属イオンまたは還元剤とを併用して重合開始剤とし、レドックス重合を行なってもよい。
【0021】
上記乳化重合においては、さらに必要に応じて、メルカプタン類などの連載移動剤;重炭酸ナトリウムなどの緩衝剤などを使用してもよい。但し、揮発性有機化合物を発生するものやそれ自身が揮発性有機化合物に該当するものは使用しないことが望ましい。
【0022】
本発明の塗料組成物は、上記の通り得られるコア/シェルエマルションをバインダー成分とするものであり、実質的に揮発性有機化合物を含有しないものである。
【0023】
ここで揮発性有機化合物(VOC)とは、通常、沸点250℃以下の化合物であり、従来造膜助剤として使用されてきたエチレングリコールモノブチルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルなどの有機溶剤や、凍結安定剤として使用されてきたエチレングリコールやプロピレングリコールなどの水酸基をもつ水溶性の低分子量有機溶剤などのことである。
【0024】
本発明の塗料組成物は、さらに必要に応じて、他の水溶性又は水分散性樹脂、可塑剤、顔料類、顔料分散剤、消泡剤、防腐剤、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤、酸化防止剤、増粘剤、沈降防止剤などを適宜含有してもよい。上記揮発性有機化合物を発生するものやそれ自身が揮発性有機化合物に該当するものは使用しないことが望ましい。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、VOCに相当する成膜助剤や凍結防止剤を使用しなくても、低温下での造膜性、凍結安定性に優れた水性塗料が得られ、さらに強度及び表面不粘着性に優れた塗膜を形成できる。
【0026】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明する。なお、本発明の範囲は、これらの実施例にのみ限定されるものではない。また、実施例中の「部」および「%」は、それぞれ、「重量部」および「重量%」を示す。
【0027】
コア/シェルエマルションの製造
製造例1
2リットルの4つ口フラスコにコンデンサー、温度計、滴下ロートを取り付け、脱イオン水327部を仕込み、内部の空気を窒素で置換した後、攪拌しつつ内部温度を80℃までに上げた。別容器で、脱イオン水400部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダ3.4部、ペルオキソ2硫酸アンモニウム2.8部を添加し、よく攪拌し泡立て、その中に、スチレン70部、メチルメタクリレート120部、n−ブチルアクリレート488部、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート14部、アクリル酸7部、1,6−ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート0.7部を加え攪拌し乳化物を作成した。反応器中の脱イオン水攪拌し、その中へ、作成した乳化物のうちの44部を投入し、20分間攪拌を続けた。その後、残りの乳化物を2時間を要して反応器中へ連続滴下した。滴下終了後、80℃で1時間攪拌した後、脱イオン水100部を一括添加した。
【0028】
次に、別容器に、脱イオン水166部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダ8.6部、ペルオキソ2硫酸アンモニウム1.2部を添加し、よく攪拌し泡立て、その中に、スチレン30部、メチルメタクリレート192部、n−ブチルアクリレート63部、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート6部、アクリル酸9部を加え攪拌し乳化物を作り、それを1時間を要して反応器中へ連続滴下した。滴下終了後、80℃で1時間攪拌した後、40℃まで冷却し、20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液25部を反応器中に添加し、内部層が架橋した2層構造粒子からなるエマルションを得た。得られたエマルションは、固形分濃度49.9%、粘度77cps、pH7.8、粒子径326nm、MFT1℃であった。
【0029】
製造例2
製造例1の反応装置に、脱イオン水327部を仕込み、内部の空気を窒素で置換した後、攪拌しつつ内部温度を80℃までに上げた。別容器で、脱イオン水456部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダ3.9部、ペルオキソ2硫酸アンモニウム3.2部を添加し、よく攪拌し泡立て、その中に、スチレン80部、メチルメタクリレート137部、n−ブチルアクリレート558部、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート16部、アクリル酸8部、1,6−ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート0.8部を加え攪拌し乳化物を作成した。反応器中の脱イオン水を攪拌し、その中へ、作成した乳化物のうちの43.8部を投入し、20分間攪拌を続けた。その後、残りの乳化物を2時間20分を要して反応器中へ連続滴下した。滴下終了後、80℃で1時間攪拌した後、脱イオン水100部を一括添加した。
【0030】
次に、別容器に、脱イオン水110部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダ8.1部、ペルオキソ2硫酸アンモニウム0.8部を添加し、よく攪拌し泡立て、その中に、スチレン20部、メチルメタクリレート128部、n−ブチルアクリレート42部、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート4部、アクリル酸6部を加え攪拌し乳化物を作り、それを40分を要して反応器中へ連続滴下した。滴下終了後、80℃で1時間攪拌した後、40℃まで冷却し、20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液25部を反応器中に添加し、内部層が架橋した2層構造粒子からなるエマルションを得た。得られたエマルションは、固形分濃度49.8%、粘度68cps、pH7.9、粒子径330nm、MFT0℃以下であった。
【0031】
製造例3〜6及び比較製造例1〜4
実施例1において、モノマー配合および20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の量が表1のものであること以外は、製造例1と同様に、エマルションの製造を行なった。但し、製造例6では、乳化重合の最後に、乳化剤水溶液「50%Newcol95FJ」(日本乳化剤(株)製、ポリオキシアルキレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステルの50重量%水溶液)60部を添加し攪拌混合した。得られたエマルションの性状値は、表1中に示す通りであった。
【0032】
比較製造例5
2リットルの4つ口フラスコにコンデンサー、温度計、滴下ロートを取り付け、脱イオン水327部を仕込み、内部の空気を窒素で置換した後、攪拌しつつ内部温度を80℃までに上げた。別容器で、脱イオン水200部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダ1.7部、ペルオキソ2硫酸アンモニウム1.4部を添加し、よく攪拌し泡立て、その中に、スチレン35部、メチルメタクリレート60部、n−ブチルアクリレート244部、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート7部、アクリル酸3.5部、1,6−ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート0.3部を加え攪拌し乳化物を作成した。反応器中の脱イオン水を攪拌し、その中へ、作成した乳化物のうちの44部を投入し、20分間攪拌を続けた。その後、残りの乳化物を2時間を要して反応器中へ連続滴下した。滴下終了後、80℃で1時間攪拌した後、脱イオン水100部を一括添加した。
【0033】
次に、別容器に、脱イオン水366部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダ  10.3部、ペルオキソ2硫酸アンモニウム2.6部を添加し、よく攪拌し泡立て、その中に、スチレン65部、メチルメタクリレート416部、n−ブチルアクリレート136.5部、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート13部、アクリル酸19.5部を加え攪拌し乳化物を作り、それを1時間を要して反応器中へ連続滴下した。滴下終了後、80℃で1時間攪拌した後、40℃まで冷却し、20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液40部を反応器中に添加し、内部層が架橋した2層構造粒子からなるエマルションを得た。得られたエマルションは、固形分濃度50.0%、粘度102cps、pH7.7、粒子径330nm、MFT50℃以上であった。
【0034】
比較製造例6
2リットルの4つ口フラスコにコンデンサー、温度計、滴下ロートを取り付け、脱イオン水327部を仕込み、内部の空気を窒素で置換した後、攪拌しつつ内部温度を80℃までに上げた。別容器で、脱イオン水543部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダ4.6部、ペルオキソ2硫酸アンモニウム3.8部を添加し、よく攪拌し泡立て、その中に、スチレン95部、メチルメタクリレート163部、n−ブチルアクリレート662部、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート19部、アクリル酸9.5部、1,6−ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート0.9部を加え攪拌し乳化物を作成した。反応器中の脱イオン水攪拌し、その中へ、作成した乳化物のうちの44.1部を投入し、20分間攪拌を続けた。その後、残りの乳化物を2時間を要して反応器中へ連続滴下した。滴下終了後、80℃で1時間攪拌した後、脱イオン水100部を一括添加した。
【0035】
次に、別容器に、脱イオン水23部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダ7.4部、ペルオキソ2硫酸アンモニウム0.2部を添加し、よく攪拌し泡立て、その中に、スチレン5部、メチルメタクリレート32部、n−ブチルアクリレート10.5部、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート1部、アクリル酸1.5部を加え攪拌し乳化物を作り、それを20分を要して反応器中へ連続滴下した。滴下終了後、80℃で1時間攪拌した後、40℃まで冷却し、20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液16部を反応器中に添加し、内部層が架橋した2層構造粒子からなるエマルションを得た。得られたエマルションは、固形分濃度50.0%、粘度57cps、pH7.9、粒子径329nm、MFT0℃以下であった。
【0036】
比較製造例7
製造例1において、1回目の乳化物の作成において脱イオン水とドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダの量がそれぞれ408部および17.2部であること、2回目の乳化物の作成においてドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダの量が2.8部であること、および、20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の量が27部以外であること以外は、製造例1と同様に、エマルションの製造を行なった。得られたエマルションの性状値は、表1中に示す通りであった。
【0037】
以上の製造例および比較製造例において、エマルション中の残存モノマー量は、いずれも、0.1%以下であった。尚、表1中の(注1)〜(注3)は、下記の通りであり、エマルションの粘度及び粒子径は下記の通り測定した。
【0038】
(注1)「アントックスMS−2N」:日本乳化剤(株)製、メタクリロイルオキシスルホン酸ナトリウム
(注2)「MA−150MF」:ポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート
(注3)「50%Newcol 95FJ」:日本乳化剤(株)製、ポリオキシアルキレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステルの50重量%水溶液
【0039】
【表1】

Figure 2004059622
【0040】
エマルションの性状値測定及び性能試験
上記の通り製造したエマルションについて、粘度、粒子径、最低造膜温度、塗面不粘着性、弾性率、引張り強さおよび凍結融解安定性を、下記の通り試験した。試験結果は表1に併せて示す。
【0041】
(*1)粘度:B型粘度計(60rpm,20℃)で測定した。
【0042】
(*2)粒子径:(株)日科機製のCOUTER N4型サブミクロン粒子分析装置を用いて測定し、MEANの数値を示した。
【0043】
(*3)最低成膜温度(MFT):日本理学工業(株)製の最低成膜温度測定機を使用して測定した。
【0044】
(*4)塗面不粘着性:すき間150μmのフィルムアプリケーターを用いて、エマルション試料をガラス板上に塗布し、20℃で7日間乾燥後、塗面を指でおさえて評価した。評価基準は次の通りである。
◎:粘着感がない
○:やや粘着感がある
×:強い粘着感がある
【0045】
(*5)弾性率,引張り強さ:すき間150μmのフィルムアプリケーターを用いて、エマルション試料を脱脂したブリキ板上に塗布し、20℃で7日間乾燥後、水銀を用いて塗膜を剥利した。剥離塗膜について、(株)島津製作所製のEZTestによって測定した。
【0046】
(*6)凍結融解安定性:蓋付きの100mlポリエチレン製広口びんにエマルション試料50gを入れ、蓋をして密封した後、次のサイクルで試験を行なった。
(−10℃×16時間 〜 25℃×5時間)× 3サイクル
【0047】
試験後の試料の状態を次の評価基準に従って評価した。
◎:試験前と比べて、殆ど変化がない
○:試験前と比べて、わずかに粘度増加がある
△:少量の凝集物の生成がある
×:相当量の凝集物の生成がある。
【0048】
水性塗料の作成
実施例1〜6及び比較例1〜7
1リットルのステンレス容器に、表2に示す顔料ペースト用の組成成分を配合し、攪拌機にて20〜40分間攪拌して顔料ペーストを作成した。この顔料ペースト333部に対して、前記製造例及び比較製造例で得た各エマルション165部およびノイゲンEA120(注8)2.5部をそれぞれ配合し、10〜20分間攪拌して各水性塗料を得た。これらを下記性能試験に供した。結果を表3に示す。尚、表2中の(注4)〜(注8)は下記の通りである。また、実施例1〜6および比較例1〜7において使用するエマルションは、それぞれ、製造例1〜6および比較製造例1〜7のものであり、実施例(比較例)の番号と製造例(比較製造例)の番号は同一である。
【0049】
(注4)「ノプコスパークス44C」:サンノプコ(株)製、顔料分散剤
(注5)「SNデフォーマー364」:サンノプコ(株)製、消泡剤
(注6)「フジケミHEC KF−200」:フジケミカル(株)製、増粘剤
(注7)「チタン白  JR−600A」:テイカ(株)製、ルチル型酸化チタン
(注8)「ノイゲンEA120」:第一工業製薬(株)製、ノニオン型界面活性剤
【0050】
【表2】
Figure 2004059622
【0051】
性能試験
(*7)VOC量:各実施例および比較例で得た水性塗料を、マイクロシリンジで10μl採取し、ガスクロマトグラフに注入し、下記条件で測定して、選られたピークから塗料中の全揮発性有機化合物(TVOC)量を算出し下記基準で評価した。
(測定条件)
カラム:「WAX−10」(スペルコ社製)
カラム温度:70℃→200℃、昇温速度5℃/min
キャリアガス:ヘリウム、検出器:FID、スプリット比:50/1
(評価基準)
○:0.1%以下
△:0.1〜1%
×:1%を越える
【0052】
(*8)低温造膜性:JIS A 5430に規定された厚さ6mmのフレキシブル板(スレート)に、前述の製造例1で製造したエマルションを上水で2倍希釈した液をローラーにて塗布量100g/m2となるように塗装し、2時間放置後、各実施例および比較例で得た塗料をすき間100μm、200μmおよび300μmのフィルムアプリケーターで塗装し、5℃雰囲気下で放置した。2日後、室温に戻し2時間後にその塗膜外観を観察し、下記基準で評価した。
○:ワレ等がなく均一な塗膜が形成されている
△:ワレが相当ある
×:ボロボロで塗膜が形成されていない
【0053】
(*9)塗面不粘着性: 各実施例および比較例で得た塗料を、すき間150μmのフィルムアプリケーターを用いて、ガラス板上に塗布し、20℃で7日間乾燥後、塗面を指でおさえて評価した。評価基準は次の通り。
○:粘着感がない
△:粘着感がある
×:強い粘着感がある
【0054】
(*10)耐洗浄性: JIS K 6734に規定された硬質塩化ビニルシートに、各実施例および比較例で得た塗料をすき間150μmのフィルムアプリケーターで塗装し、20℃雰囲気下で7日間乾燥したものを試験片とした。この試験片について、JIS K 5600−5−11に規定された方法で耐洗浄性を試験した。ブラシは、JIS K 5663の7.12.1に規定されたものを使用した。また、洗浄液は、JIS K 3302に規定する“無添剤”の石けんを、脱イオン水に溶かして0.5%水溶液にしたものを使用した。ブラシを500回往復して洗浄操作を行なった後、試験片を水で洗い、乾燥後、下記基準で評価した。
○:表面欠損がない
△:洗浄面の1/3程度まで欠落している
×:洗浄面のほぼ全部が欠落している
【0055】
(*11)低温安定性:ブリキ製の1/2リットル丸缶に、各実施例および比較例で得た塗料500gを入れ、蓋をして密封した後、次のサイクルで試験を行なった。
(−5℃×16時間 〜 25℃×8時間)× 3サイクル。
【0056】
試験後の塗料の状態を次の評価基準に従って評価した。
○:試験前と比べて、殆ど変化がない
△:少量の凝集物の生成がある
×:相当量の凝集物の生成がある
【0057】
【表3】
Figure 2004059622
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an aqueous coating composition capable of forming a coating film having excellent low-temperature film-forming properties and freezing stability, and excellent strength and surface tackiness.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
Conventionally, general-purpose water-based emulsion paints for architectural use have used relatively high-boiling organic solvents as film-forming aids to ensure film-forming properties at low temperatures. In order to ensure the above, low molecular organic compounds such as ethylene glycol have been used as antifreezing agents. These auxiliaries are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and when volatilized, they cause adverse effects on the environment such as air pollution. Further, water-based emulsion paints not containing these auxiliaries could not be used as general-purpose water-based emulsion paints because the use conditions and storage conditions were greatly restricted. The details of these circumstances are as follows.
[0003]
A water-based emulsion paint containing no film-forming auxiliary becomes unusable in a low-temperature environment of 5 to 10 ° C. because of poor film formation. Further, an aqueous emulsion paint containing no antifreezing agent may freeze at a freezing point of −10 to 0 ° C. and may be in a solidified state even after thawing. Therefore, storage of the paint under such temperature conditions must be avoided, resulting in a paint having great restrictions in handling.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous coating composition containing a core / shell emulsion having excellent film-forming properties and freezing stability without using a film-forming aid or an antifreezing agent corresponding to VOC. An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous coating composition capable of forming a coating film having excellent strength and surface tackiness.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by an aqueous core / shell emulsion in which the core is a polymer having a low glass transition temperature and the shell is a specific polymer having a specific acid value and a high glass transition temperature. The present invention has been completed.
[0006]
That is, the present invention is a core / shell emulsion obtained by emulsion-polymerizing a polymerizable unsaturated monomer in the presence of water, wherein the core is a polymer having a glass transition temperature of −65 to 0 ° C., and the shell is A polymer having a glass transition temperature of 35 to 120 ° C and an acid value in the range of 4 to 80 mgKOH / g, wherein the weight ratio of the core polymer to the shell polymer is 40/40 in the former / latter ratio. A water-based paint characterized by comprising a core / shell emulsion having a binder particle size in the range of 60 to 90/10 and an emulsion particle size in the range of 200 to 2000 nm and containing substantially no volatile organic compound. It provides a composition.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the core / shell emulsion comprises core-shell type particles having an average particle diameter of 200 to 2000 nm, preferably 250 to 1000 nm. The core-shell particles are particles having a multilayer structure including a central layer and an outer shell layer. It is also possible to form another layer between the two layers.
[0008]
The emulsion composed of the core-shell type particles is synthesized by a seed emulsion polymerization method or a multi-stage emulsion polymerization method. For example, in the case of a two-layer structure particle, first, the first-stage polymerizable unsaturated monomer (one or two types) that forms a resin having a glass transition temperature of −65 to 0 ° C., preferably −55 to −5 ° C. The above mixture is emulsion-polymerized to prepare seed particles, and then, in the presence of the seed, a second-stage polymerizable unsaturated resin forming a resin having a glass transition temperature of 35 to 120 ° C, preferably 40 to 110 ° C. Core-shell particles can be obtained by supplying a monomer (one or a mixture of two or more) and performing emulsion polymerization. In the case of particles composed of three or more layers, a polymerizable unsaturated monomer (one or two or more types) forming another resin layer is provided between the above-mentioned first and second steps. (Mixture) and emulsion polymerization.
[0009]
In this specification, when the absolute temperature of the glass transition temperature Tg (° C.) of each copolymer is defined as Tg ″, it can be calculated as follows.
[0010]
1 / Tg "= W1 '/ T1 + W2' / T2... + Wn '/ Tn
(Wherein W1 ', W2'... Wn 'is the weight fraction of each monomer relative to the total of all monomers used in the production of the copolymer, and T1, T2,... Tn is the glass transition temperature of the homopolymer of each monomer. (Absolute temperature).)
[0011]
The weight ratio of the core polymer and the shell polymer is in the range of 40/60 to 90/10, preferably 45/55 to 85/15 in the former / latter ratio. Outside this range, (1) the film formability at low temperatures becomes poor, or the strength and surface tackiness of the formed coating film are undesirably reduced.
[0012]
The particle diameter of the core-shell emulsion is in the range of 200 to 2000 nm, preferably 250 to 1000 nm. When the particle size is smaller than 200 nm, dispersion stability such as freezing stability and mechanical stability is inferior. When the particle size is larger than 2000 nm, storage stability and film-forming property are unfavorably deteriorated.
[0013]
Specific examples of the polymerizable unsaturated monomer include, for example, aromatic monovinyl compounds such as styrene, ethylvinylbenzene, α-methylstyrene, and fluorostyrene; vinyl cyanide compounds such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; methyl acrylate and ethyl Acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, β-acryloyloxyethyl hydrogendiene phthalate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-acryloyloxy-2-hydroxyethyl phthalic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, Acrylic ester monomers such as N, N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-E Methacrylic acid ester monomers such as tylhexyl methacrylate, methoxydiethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-methacryloyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl phthalate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, and N, N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate; Carboxyl group-containing unsaturated monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, and itaconic acid, and their anhydrides; sulfoethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, sodium methacryloyloxysulfonate, etc. Unsaturated monomer containing sulfonic acid group or sulfate group; acrylamide, methacrylamide Amide monomers such as N, N-dimethylacrylamide; silicon-modified monomers; polyoxyalkylene macromonomers such as polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate and polypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate; divinylbenzene and 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate And polyvinyl compounds.
[0014]
In the present invention, it is advantageous from the viewpoint of coating film properties that the core polymer is a crosslinked polymer by using the above-mentioned polyvinyl compound as at least a part of the polymerizable unsaturated monomer constituting the core polymer. On the other hand, the shell polymer has an acid value in the range of 4 to 80 mgKOH / g, preferably 5 to 60 mgKOH / g. When the acid value is less than 4 mgKOH / g, the dispersion stability of the particles is insufficient, and there is a possibility that problems may occur in mechanical stability and freeze stability. When the acid value exceeds 80 mgKOH / g, the water resistance of the coating film decreases. Not so desirable.
[0015]
Further, as at least a part of the polymerizable unsaturated monomer constituting the shell polymer, using at least one hydrophilic polymerizable unsaturated monomer selected from the above sulfonic acid monomer, amide monomer and polyoxyalkylene macromonomer, This is advantageous in terms of the freeze stability of the obtained coating film.
[0016]
The emulsion polymerization is usually performed in the presence of water and an emulsifier. As the emulsifier, a known anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, reactive emulsifier, and a mixture thereof are not particularly limited as long as they do not contain a volatile organic compound. Can be.
[0017]
Examples of the anionic surfactant include various fatty acid salts, higher alcohol sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfates, and polycarboxylic acid polymer surfactants. Examples of the nonionic surfactant include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester, and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer. In addition, examples of the cationic surfactant include an alkylamine salt and a quaternary ammonium salt. The reactive emulsifier is a surfactant having a polymerizable group in the molecule, and specific examples thereof include "Adekaria Soap SE-10N" (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo KK), and "AQUALON HS-10". (Trade name, manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.).
[0018]
The amount of these emulsifiers used is suitably in the range of 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of the monomers used.
[0019]
In the above-mentioned emulsion polymerization, an emulsifier may be added as needed, from the viewpoint of enhancing the stability of particles such as freeze stability. As the emulsifier to be added later, a sorbitan-based nonionic surfactant is preferable.
[0020]
In order to polymerize the polymerizable unsaturated monomer in the emulsion polymerization, a polymerization initiator is usually added. As the polymerization initiator, a conventionally known one can be used without particular limitation as long as the volatile organic compound does not generate itself and does not correspond to the volatile organic compound, and specific examples thereof include, for example, hydrogen peroxide. Water-soluble inorganic peroxides; persulfates such as potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate; and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount used is desirably 0.1 to 2% by weight based on the amount of the polymerizable unsaturated monomer used. In addition, redox polymerization may be performed using a peroxide-based polymerization initiator and a metal ion or a reducing agent in combination as a polymerization initiator.
[0021]
In the emulsion polymerization, if necessary, a serial transfer agent such as mercaptans; a buffer such as sodium bicarbonate may be used. However, it is desirable not to use those that generate volatile organic compounds or those that themselves correspond to volatile organic compounds.
[0022]
The coating composition of the present invention uses the core / shell emulsion obtained as described above as a binder component and does not substantially contain a volatile organic compound.
[0023]
Here, the volatile organic compound (VOC) is usually a compound having a boiling point of 250 ° C. or less, and organic compounds such as ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether which have been conventionally used as a film forming aid. It is a solvent or a water-soluble low molecular weight organic solvent having a hydroxyl group such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol which has been used as a freeze stabilizer.
[0024]
The coating composition of the present invention may further contain, if necessary, other water-soluble or water-dispersible resins, plasticizers, pigments, pigment dispersants, defoamers, preservatives, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, and oxidizers. An inhibitor, a thickener, an antisettling agent and the like may be appropriately contained. It is desirable not to use those that generate the volatile organic compound or those that themselves correspond to the volatile organic compound.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the water-based paint excellent in film-forming property at low temperature and freezing stability is obtained without using a film-forming auxiliary | assistant and anti-freezing agent equivalent to VOC, and also strength and surface non-freezing. A coating film having excellent tackiness can be formed.
[0026]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. The scope of the present invention is not limited only to these examples. Further, “parts” and “%” in the examples indicate “parts by weight” and “% by weight”, respectively.
[0027]
Production of core / shell emulsion
Production Example 1
A condenser, a thermometer, and a dropping funnel were attached to a two-liter four-necked flask, 327 parts of deionized water was charged, the inside air was replaced with nitrogen, and the internal temperature was raised to 80 ° C. while stirring. In a separate container, 400 parts of deionized water, 3.4 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 2.8 parts of ammonium peroxodisulfate are added, and the mixture is thoroughly stirred and foamed, and 70 parts of styrene, 120 parts of methyl methacrylate, n 488 parts of -butyl acrylate, 14 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 7 parts of acrylic acid, and 0.7 part of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate were added and stirred to prepare an emulsion. The reactor was stirred with deionized water, into which 44 parts of the emulsified product was added, and stirring was continued for 20 minutes. Thereafter, the remaining emulsion was continuously dropped into the reactor over 2 hours. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and then 100 parts of deionized water was added all at once.
[0028]
Next, 166 parts of deionized water, 8.6 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 1.2 parts of ammonium peroxodisulfate were added to a separate container, and the mixture was stirred well and foamed, and 30 parts of styrene and 192 parts of methyl methacrylate were added. , 63 parts of n-butyl acrylate, 6 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 9 parts of acrylic acid were added and stirred to produce an emulsion, which was continuously dropped into the reactor over 1 hour. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, cooled to 40 ° C., and 25 parts of a 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added into the reactor to obtain an emulsion composed of two-layer structured particles having an internal layer crosslinked. . The obtained emulsion had a solid content of 49.9%, a viscosity of 77 cps, a pH of 7.8, a particle diameter of 326 nm, and an MFT of 1 ° C.
[0029]
Production Example 2
The reactor of Production Example 1 was charged with 327 parts of deionized water, and the inside air was replaced with nitrogen. Then, the internal temperature was increased to 80 ° C. while stirring. In a separate container, 456 parts of deionized water, 3.9 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 3.2 parts of ammonium peroxodisulfate are added, and the mixture is thoroughly stirred and foamed, and 80 parts of styrene, 137 parts of methyl methacrylate, n 558 parts of -butyl acrylate, 16 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 8 parts of acrylic acid, and 0.8 part of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate were added and stirred to prepare an emulsion. The deionized water in the reactor was stirred, into which 43.8 parts of the prepared emulsion was added, and the stirring was continued for 20 minutes. Thereafter, the remaining emulsion was continuously dropped into the reactor over a period of 2 hours and 20 minutes. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and then 100 parts of deionized water was added all at once.
[0030]
Next, 110 parts of deionized water, 8.1 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 0.8 parts of ammonium peroxodisulfate were added to another container, and the mixture was stirred well and foamed, and 20 parts of styrene and 128 parts of methyl methacrylate were added. , 42 parts of n-butyl acrylate, 4 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 6 parts of acrylic acid were added and stirred to produce an emulsion, which was continuously dropped into the reactor over 40 minutes. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, cooled to 40 ° C., and 25 parts of a 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added into the reactor to obtain an emulsion composed of two-layer structured particles having an internal layer crosslinked. . The obtained emulsion had a solid content of 49.8%, a viscosity of 68 cps, a pH of 7.9, a particle diameter of 330 nm, and an MFT of 0 ° C. or lower.
[0031]
Production Examples 3 to 6 and Comparative Production Examples 1 to 4
In Example 1, an emulsion was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that the amounts of the monomer and the 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution were those shown in Table 1. However, in Production Example 6, at the end of the emulsion polymerization, 60 parts of an emulsifier aqueous solution “50% Newcol 95FJ” (manufactured by Nippon Emulsifier Co., Ltd., 50% by weight aqueous solution of polyoxyalkylene sorbitan fatty acid ester) was added and mixed with stirring. The property values of the obtained emulsion were as shown in Table 1.
[0032]
Comparative Production Example 5
A condenser, a thermometer, and a dropping funnel were attached to a two-liter four-necked flask, 327 parts of deionized water was charged, the inside air was replaced with nitrogen, and the internal temperature was raised to 80 ° C. while stirring. In a separate container, 200 parts of deionized water, 1.7 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 1.4 parts of ammonium peroxodisulfate are added, and the mixture is stirred well and foamed, and 35 parts of styrene, 60 parts of methyl methacrylate, n 244 parts of -butyl acrylate, 7 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 3.5 parts of acrylic acid, and 0.3 part of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate were added and stirred to prepare an emulsion. The deionized water in the reactor was stirred, into which 44 parts of the prepared emulsion was charged, and stirring was continued for 20 minutes. Thereafter, the remaining emulsion was continuously dropped into the reactor over 2 hours. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and then 100 parts of deionized water was added all at once.
[0033]
Next, 366 parts of deionized water, 10.3 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 2.6 parts of ammonium peroxodisulfate were added to a separate container, and the mixture was stirred well and foamed, and 65 parts of styrene and 416 parts of methyl methacrylate were added. , 136.5 parts of n-butyl acrylate, 13 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 19.5 parts of acrylic acid were added and stirred to produce an emulsion, which was continuously dropped into the reactor over 1 hour. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, cooled to 40 ° C., and 40 parts of a 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added into the reactor to obtain an emulsion composed of particles having a two-layer structure in which the inner layer was crosslinked. . The obtained emulsion had a solid content of 50.0%, a viscosity of 102 cps, a pH of 7.7, a particle diameter of 330 nm, and an MFT of 50 ° C. or higher.
[0034]
Comparative Production Example 6
A condenser, a thermometer, and a dropping funnel were attached to a two-liter four-necked flask, 327 parts of deionized water was charged, the inside air was replaced with nitrogen, and the internal temperature was raised to 80 ° C. while stirring. In a separate container, 543 parts of deionized water, 4.6 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 3.8 parts of ammonium peroxodisulfate are added, and the mixture is stirred well and foamed, and 95 parts of styrene, 163 parts of methyl methacrylate, n 662 parts of -butyl acrylate, 19 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 9.5 parts of acrylic acid, and 0.9 part of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate were added and stirred to prepare an emulsion. The deionized water in the reactor was stirred, and 44.1 parts of the emulsified product was charged therein, and the stirring was continued for 20 minutes. Thereafter, the remaining emulsion was continuously dropped into the reactor over 2 hours. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and then 100 parts of deionized water was added all at once.
[0035]
Next, 23 parts of deionized water, 7.4 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 0.2 part of ammonium peroxodisulfate were added to another container, and the mixture was stirred well and foamed, and 5 parts of styrene and 32 parts of methyl methacrylate were added. , 10.5 parts of n-butyl acrylate, 1 part of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 1.5 parts of acrylic acid were added and stirred to produce an emulsion, which was continuously dropped into the reactor over 20 minutes. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, cooled to 40 ° C., and 16 parts of a 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added into the reactor to obtain an emulsion composed of particles having a two-layer structure in which the inner layer was crosslinked. . The obtained emulsion had a solid content of 50.0%, a viscosity of 57 cps, a pH of 7.9, a particle diameter of 329 nm, and an MFT of 0 ° C. or lower.
[0036]
Comparative Production Example 7
In Production Example 1, the amounts of deionized water and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were 408 parts and 17.2 parts, respectively, in the preparation of the first emulsion, and the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was used in the preparation of the second emulsion. Was manufactured in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the amount of 2.8 parts was 2.8 parts and the amount of the 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was other than 27 parts. The property values of the obtained emulsion were as shown in Table 1.
[0037]
In the above Production Examples and Comparative Production Examples, the amount of the residual monomer in the emulsion was 0.1% or less. Incidentally, (Note 1) to (Note 3) in Table 1 are as follows, and the viscosity and the particle size of the emulsion were measured as follows.
[0038]
(Note 1) “Antox MS-2N”: sodium methacryloyloxysulfonate manufactured by Nippon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.
(Note 2) "MA-150MF": polyethylene glycol methacrylate
(Note 3) “50% Newcol @ 95FJ”: 50% by weight aqueous solution of polyoxyalkylene sorbitan fatty acid ester manufactured by Nippon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004059622
[0040]
Emulsion property value measurement and performance test
The emulsions produced as described above were tested for viscosity, particle size, minimum film forming temperature, tackiness of coated surface, elastic modulus, tensile strength and freeze-thaw stability as follows. The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0041]
(* 1) Viscosity: Measured with a B-type viscometer (60 rpm, 20 ° C.).
[0042]
(* 2) Particle size: Measured using a COUTER @ N4 type submicron particle analyzer manufactured by Nikkaki Co., Ltd., and the value of MEAN is shown.
[0043]
(* 3) Minimum film formation temperature (MFT): Measured using a minimum film formation temperature measuring device manufactured by Nippon Rigaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.
[0044]
(* 4) Non-adhesion of coated surface: The emulsion sample was applied on a glass plate using a film applicator having a gap of 150 μm, dried at 20 ° C. for 7 days, and evaluated by holding the coated surface with a finger. The evaluation criteria are as follows.
:: No stickiness
○: Somewhat sticky
×: Strong adhesion
[0045]
(* 5) Elastic modulus, tensile strength: The emulsion sample was applied on a degreased tin plate using a film applicator with a gap of 150 μm, dried at 20 ° C. for 7 days, and the coating film was stripped off using mercury. . The release coating film was measured by EZTest manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
[0046]
(* 6) Freeze-thaw stability: An emulsion sample (50 g) was placed in a 100-ml polyethylene wide-mouth bottle with a lid, sealed with a lid, and tested in the next cycle.
(-10 ° C x 16 hours)-25 ° C x 5 hours x 3 cycles
[0047]
The state of the sample after the test was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
:: Little change compared to before test
:: There is a slight increase in viscosity compared to before the test
Δ: A small amount of aggregate is formed
X: A considerable amount of aggregates are formed.
[0048]
Creating water-based paint
Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7
The pigment paste composition components shown in Table 2 were mixed in a 1-liter stainless steel container, and the mixture was stirred with a stirrer for 20 to 40 minutes to prepare a pigment paste. To 333 parts of the pigment paste, 165 parts of each of the emulsions obtained in the above-mentioned Production Examples and Comparative Production Examples and 2.5 parts of Neugen EA120 (Note 8) were blended, and the mixture was stirred for 10 to 20 minutes to prepare each aqueous paint. Obtained. These were subjected to the following performance tests. Table 3 shows the results. Note that (Note 4) to (Note 8) in Table 2 are as follows. The emulsions used in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 are those of Production Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Production Examples 1 to 7, respectively. The numbers of Comparative Production Examples are the same.
[0049]
(Note 4) “Nopco Sparks 44C”: Pigment dispersant manufactured by San Nopco Co., Ltd.
(Note 5) “SN Deformer 364”: Sannopco Co., Ltd., antifoaming agent
(Note 6) "Fuji Chemical HEC @ KF-200": Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd., thickener
(Note 7) “Titanium white @ JR-600A”: Rutile type titanium oxide, manufactured by Teica Co., Ltd.
(Note 8) “Neugen EA120”: Nonionic surfactant manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.
[0050]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004059622
[0051]
performance test
(* 7) VOC amount: 10 μl of the aqueous paint obtained in each Example and Comparative Example was sampled with a microsyringe, injected into a gas chromatograph, measured under the following conditions, and total volatilization in the paint was determined from the selected peak. The amount of a volatile organic compound (TVOC) was calculated and evaluated according to the following criteria.
(Measurement condition)
Column: "WAX-10" (manufactured by Spelco)
Column temperature: 70 ° C → 200 ° C, heating rate 5 ° C / min
Carrier gas: helium, detector: FID, split ratio: 50/1
(Evaluation criteria)
○: 0.1% or less
Δ: 0.1 to 1%
×: exceeds 1%
[0052]
(* 8) Low-temperature film-forming property: A 6-mm-thick flexible plate (slate) specified in JIS A5430 was coated with a liquid obtained by diluting the emulsion produced in Production Example 1 twice with tap water using a roller. After coating for 100 g / m2 and leaving for 2 hours, the coatings obtained in the respective Examples and Comparative Examples were applied with a film applicator having a gap of 100 μm, 200 μm and 300 μm, and left in a 5 ° C. atmosphere. Two days later, the temperature was returned to room temperature, and two hours later, the appearance of the coating film was observed and evaluated according to the following criteria.
:: Uniform coating film without cracks
Δ: Cracks are considerable
×: Tattered and no coating film formed
[0053]
(* 9) Non-adhesiveness of coated surface: {circle around (1)} The coating materials obtained in the respective Examples and Comparative Examples were applied on a glass plate using a film applicator having a gap of 150 μm, and dried at 20 ° C. for 7 days. And evaluated. The evaluation criteria are as follows.
:: no stickiness
Δ: Sticky
×: Strong adhesion
[0054]
(* 10) Washing resistance: The paint obtained in each of Examples and Comparative Examples was applied to a hard vinyl chloride sheet specified in JIS K 6734 using a film applicator having a gap of 150 μm, and dried at 20 ° C. for 7 days. These were used as test specimens. The test piece was tested for washing resistance by the method specified in JIS K 5600-5-11. The brush used was specified in 7.12.1 of JIS K 5663. Further, as the cleaning liquid, a "non-additive" soap specified in JIS K3302 dissolved in deionized water to form a 0.5% aqueous solution was used. After performing a washing operation by reciprocating the brush 500 times, the test piece was washed with water, dried, and evaluated according to the following criteria.
○: No surface defect
Δ: missing about 1/3 of the cleaning surface
×: Almost all of the cleaning surface is missing
[0055]
(* 11) Stability at low temperature: 500 g of the paint obtained in each Example and Comparative Example was placed in a 1/2 liter round can made of tin, closed with a lid, and tested in the next cycle.
(−5 ° C. × 16 hours) {25 ° C. × 8 hours) × 3 cycles.
[0056]
The state of the paint after the test was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
:: Little change compared to before test
Δ: A small amount of aggregate is formed
×: considerable amount of aggregates formed
[0057]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004059622

Claims (3)

水の存在下で重合性不飽和モノマーを乳化重合することによって得られるコア/シェルエマルションであって、コアがガラス転移温度−65〜0℃の重合体であり、シェルがガラス転移温度35〜120℃で且つ酸価が4〜80mgKOH/gの範囲内にある重合体であって、コアの重合体とシェルの重合体との重量比が前者/後者の比で40/60〜90/10の範囲内にあり、エマルション粒子径が200〜2000nmのの範囲内にあるコア/シェルエマルションをバインダー成分とし、実質的に揮発性有機化合物を含有しないことを特徴とする水性塗料組成物。A core / shell emulsion obtained by emulsion-polymerizing a polymerizable unsaturated monomer in the presence of water, wherein the core is a polymer having a glass transition temperature of −65 to 0 ° C., and the shell is a glass transition temperature of 35 to 120. A polymer having an acid value in the range of 4 to 80 mgKOH / g, wherein the weight ratio of the core polymer to the shell polymer is 40/60 to 90/10 in the former / latter ratio. An aqueous coating composition comprising a core / shell emulsion having an emulsion particle diameter in a range of 200 to 2000 nm as a binder component and substantially not containing a volatile organic compound. コア重合体が架橋重合体である請求項1記載の水性塗料組成物。The aqueous coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the core polymer is a crosslinked polymer. シェル重合体を構成する重合性不飽和モノマーが、少なくともその一部に、スルホン酸モノマー、アミドモノマー及びポリオキシアルキレンマクロモノマーから選ばれる少なくとも1種の親水性重合性不飽和モノマーを含む請求項1記載の水性塗料組成物。2. The polymerizable unsaturated monomer constituting the shell polymer at least partially contains at least one hydrophilic polymerizable unsaturated monomer selected from a sulfonic acid monomer, an amide monomer and a polyoxyalkylene macromonomer. The aqueous coating composition according to any one of the preceding claims.
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US7858682B2 (en) 2005-11-25 2010-12-28 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Aqueous coating composition with low VOC content
US20110001775A1 (en) * 2009-07-02 2011-01-06 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Clear ink, ink jet recording method, ink set, ink cartridge, recording unit and ink jet recording apparatus
CN102595771A (en) * 2012-01-11 2012-07-18 深圳创维数字技术股份有限公司 Paper base printing circuit board with protective layer and preparation method thereof
JP2014506276A (en) * 2010-12-21 2014-03-13 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア Multistage polymer dispersion, method for producing the dispersion and use of the dispersion
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JP2014506276A (en) * 2010-12-21 2014-03-13 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア Multistage polymer dispersion, method for producing the dispersion and use of the dispersion
KR101828605B1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2018-02-13 주식회사 케이씨씨 Microgel and method for manufacturing the same, and water-soluble paint composition
CN102595771A (en) * 2012-01-11 2012-07-18 深圳创维数字技术股份有限公司 Paper base printing circuit board with protective layer and preparation method thereof
CN102595771B (en) * 2012-01-11 2015-07-01 深圳创维数字技术有限公司 Paper base printing circuit board with protective layer and preparation method thereof
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JP5649763B1 (en) * 2013-08-01 2015-01-07 関西ペイント株式会社 Water-based paint composition
JP2016065130A (en) * 2014-09-24 2016-04-28 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 Acrylic resin dispersion
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