JP2004049058A - Electrical system of working machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrical system which matches a head lamp to an electric generator, has a battery-less structure, is inexpensive, can easily be handled (set), and has rich generality. <P>SOLUTION: This electrical system of a rice transplanter is characterized by disposing an AC-operated seedling exhaustion warning system N and an AC-operated head lamp 86 as electric loads to be operated with electric power generated with a power generator 101 rotated and driven with an engine 23 and further disposing a resistance 113 for validating a voltage range of a warning buzzer 114 of the electric load to the power generator 101. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electrical system for a working machine such as a rice transplanter or a tractor, and more particularly to a technique for configuring an electrical system in a low-cost model that can operate stably at low cost.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In conventional rice transplanters, a cell-starting machine, which is a popular type of riding type, generally employs a technique in which the output of the generator is adjusted to a voltage of 12 volts by a regulator, but instead of a cell-start structure, a recoil type is used. For an inexpensive model having an artificial starting mechanism, an electrical system without a battery, that is, a so-called batteryless structure is employed. In this case, even in the case of an ultralight riding type, since a seedling warning device (usually used only during daytime work) and a headlamp are provided, an alternative to a battery as a reference when adjusting power is provided. The following electrical system has been adopted because of the necessity and the large scale of the configuration and the high cost.
[0003]
In other words, as a device that eliminates the need for power adjustment, by matching the headlamp and the generator that consume a large amount of power compared to a seedling alarm device that is configured with a buzzer, etc.
1. 1. Means using regulator and capacitor 2. Means for switching between full power and half power by using half-wave rectification and supplying power. There have been three types of electrical systems: means for providing dedicated circuit units.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, 1. In the means of (1), the cost is high and the number of components is large. In the means, the ratio between the magnitudes of the two types of loads, full and half, is limited to 2: 1, and the electronic buzzer cannot be used. However, the above-mentioned means requires a dedicated circuit unit, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost.
[0005]
As described above, in the battery-less electrical system, it is difficult to match a generator with a circuit having a small number of components, and when compared to a general electrical system equipped with a battery, an absolute system is required. Although there was an advantage in cost, there was a problem that it was not good in terms of cost performance.
[0006]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an electric system having a battery-less structure in which an electric load such as a headlamp is matched with a generator as an inexpensive yet easy-to-handle (easy to set) and versatile versatility. On the point.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
〔Constitution〕
According to a first aspect of the present invention, in the electrical system for a working machine, the working device alarm device and the headlight both operated by an AC power supply are used as the electric load that is operated by the electric power generated by the generator that is rotationally driven by the engine. It is characterized by being provided.
[0008]
According to the configuration of claim 1, since the working device alarm device and the headlight, which are indispensable as a working machine, are configured to operate with an AC power supply, the AC power generated by the generator is converted into a rectifier. As a result, it is possible to supply the electric circuit as it is, that is, in an alternating current state, without converting it into a direct current. This eliminates the need for electric components for converting into a stable DC circuit such as a rectifier and a regulator, which were required in the past, and enables an electric component system to be constructed at low cost.
[0009]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the configuration of the first aspect, further comprising a resistor for enabling a voltage range of the electric load with respect to the generator.
[0010]
According to the configuration of claim 2, it is conceivable that the appropriate voltage range and the range of the generated voltage of the generator do not match well depending on the headlight and the working device alarm device. By providing a resistor for making the voltage range effective for the AC circuit, it is possible to match these two voltage ranges and adjust the AC circuit to a state in which the AC circuit can function effectively.
[0011]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first or second aspect, the working device alarm device detects seedling outage detecting means for detecting that the number of seedlings on the seedling mounting table in the seedling planting device has reached a predetermined amount or less. And a buzzer that operates based on the detection information of the seedling removal detecting means.
[0012]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, a headlight and a seedling depletion warning device which are indispensable as a rice transplanter, that is, a seedling depletion detecting means for detecting that the number of seedlings on the seedling mounting table is less than a predetermined amount, A working device alarm device is configured by a buzzer that operates based on the detection information of the cut detection means, and the electrical system of the rice transplanter can be configured as an AC electric circuit that does not need to be DC and can be configured at a low cost. it can.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an overall side view of a riding rice transplanter according to the present invention, FIG. 2 shows an overall plan view thereof, and FIG. 3 shows an overall front view thereof. This riding rice transplanter is mounted on a rear part of a four-wheel drive type vehicle body 3 having a steerable front wheel 1 and a non-steerable rear wheel 2 via a lifting link mechanism 5 driven by a hydraulic cylinder 4. It has a structure in which a seedling planting device 6 of a row planting specification is connected to be able to move up and down.
[0014]
The seedling planting device 6 is rotatably connected to the lower rear end of the elevating link mechanism 5, receives a work power from the traveling machine body 3, and places the seedlings in a reciprocating horizontal direction at a constant stroke. A moving seedling mounting table 11, a pair of left and right planting cases 12 extending rearwardly in a cantilever form from a feed case 10, a crank-type planting mechanism 13 equipped with a pair of right and left plants at the rear end of each planting case 11, Three leveling floats 14 for leveling the planned planting location, a pair of left and right swingable drawable markers 15 for scratching and forming a running reference line for the next step on the rice field, and the like. .
[0015]
A transmission case 21 that supports the front wheel 1 so as to be steerable is connected to a front portion of the main frame 20 of the traveling body 3, and an air-cooled type is provided above a front frame 22 that protrudes forward from the transmission case 21. A gasoline engine 23 is supported by vibration isolation as described later and is covered with an engine bonnet 24. A rear transmission case 25 provided with the rear wheel 2 is rotatably connected and supported at the rear of the main frame 20, and a step 26 and a rear wheel fender 27 are provided above the main frame 20. A driver's seat 28 is provided at the upper center. Further, a pair of left and right adjacent markers 16 that are used when traveling while aiming at the already planted seedlings are attached to the ends of the axle case portion extending left and right from the transmission case 21 so as to be stowable.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 4, a hydraulic continuously variable transmission (HST) 30 is connected to the left side surface of the transmission case 21 as a traveling main transmission that continuously changes the speed between forward and backward. A transmission structure A for the traveling vehicle body 3 and the seedling planting device 6 is constituted by the continuously variable transmission 30. The output shaft 23c horizontally supported on the left side of the engine 23 and the input shaft 30a horizontally supported on the left side of the continuously variable transmission 30 are connected via a belt transmission mechanism 32 having a tension clutch 31 functioning as a main clutch. Linked and linked. The shifting power from the continuously variable transmission 30 is branched into a traveling system and a working system within the transmission case 21, and the branched power of the traveling system is shifted to two stages by an internal gear-type auxiliary transmission, and is shifted between left and right. And a part of the output from the auxiliary transmission is shaft-transmitted to the rear transmission case 25, and the left and right rear wheels 2 are driven at a speed synchronized with the front wheels 1. Only the forward rotation power of the branched working system power is taken out from the rear part of the transmission case 21 via the one-way clutch, and is transmitted to the seedling planting device 6 by shaft.
[0017]
The main transmission lever 33 for operating the continuously variable transmission 30 and the auxiliary transmission lever 34 for switching between the gear-type auxiliary transmissions in the case are respectively provided on the left and right sides of a steering handle 35 provided behind the hood 24. It is arranged to be able to swing. An accelerator lever 39 linked to the engine 23 is provided on the right side of the steering handle 35 so as to be able to swing back and forth.
[0018]
A main clutch / brake pedal 36 is provided on the right front side of the step 26. When the pedal 36 is depressed, the tension clutch 31 is operated to cut off power transmission from the engine 23 to the continuously variable transmission 30. The brakes inside the transmission case are operated to apply braking to the traveling system. A front-wheel differential lock pedal 37 is provided on the right rear side of the operation step 26. When the pedal 34 is depressed, the differential devices for the left and right front wheels 1 are differentially locked, and the left and right front wheels 1 are driven at a constant speed. You can do it. On the right side of the driver's seat 28, an elevating lever 38 that operates the hydraulic cylinder 4 that elevates the seedling planting device 6 is provided.
[0019]
The handle post 41 which rotatably supports the stelling handle 35 is fixed to the upper surface of the transmission case 21 in a slightly rearwardly inclined posture via a sheet metal mounting seat 41a provided at the lower end thereof, and is fixed at the front. A flat steering gear case 42 is mounted below the frame 22. When the steering wheel 35 is rotated, a pitman arm 43 mounted on the front lower surface of the steering gear case 42 is decelerated and rotated, and the pitman arm 43 is rotated. The left and right front wheels 1 linked to each other via tie rods 44 are steered.
[0020]
A pressing arm 46 formed by bending a pipe material in an arch shape is mounted on the front end of the traveling machine body 3 so as to be able to swing up and down around a fulcrum a at a base end thereof. A center mascot 47 that is aimed at a traveling reference line formed by the drawing marker 15 is attached to the upper end of the mascot. In addition, on the left and right sides of the front of the machine body, spare seedling mounting stands 48 for storing and storing spare seedlings are provided upright.
[0021]
The pressing arm 46 is pivotally supported so as to be able to undulate and swing within a certain range between an operation posture that largely projects forward and an upright storage posture, and is provided at an arbitrary swing position by friction given to the pivot support base. It is also possible to hold the friction, and when the worker descends on the ground and steers while moving the traveling body 3 at a low speed, such as when moving over the ridge or loading and unloading the rice transplanter on the carrier of the transport vehicle, Defeat it greatly and use it in the working posture. When the worker on the ground presses down the holding arm 46 that has fallen down to the working posture, it is possible to prevent the front part of the body from floating, and by slightly swinging the holding arm 46 right and left to drag the body. You can also forcefully correct the orientation of the aircraft.
[0022]
As the engine 23, an air-cooled gasoline engine of a specification in which the cylinder portion 23b is inclined at about 30 ° with respect to the horizontal so that the cylinder portion 23b projects obliquely rearward and upward with respect to the crankcase portion 23a is used. In addition, the lower front end of the crankcase portion 23a and the cylinder portion 23b are supported by a vibration-proof rubber 50 via vibration-proof rubber.
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 8, the step 26 includes a driving step portion 26 a extending left and right at the front foot of the driver seat and a front step portion 26 b for getting on and off located on the left and right sides of the engine hood 24 in a sheet metal structure. By moving the front end of the fuselage closer to the ridge, it is possible to move between the ridge and the operation step portion 26a through the front step portion 26b. The engine 23 projects upward through an opening 60 formed between the left and right front step portions 26b.
[0024]
At the left and right corners of the front step portion 26b, a molding 71 having an L-shaped planar shape is attached and protected. The molding 71 is formed by resin molding, and a pair of front and rear connecting pins 72 are integrally provided on the inner surface of a side 71a facing outward and laterally inward, and a pair of front and rear connecting pins 72 are provided on the lateral side of the front step portion 26b. A connecting hole 73 into which the connecting pin 72 is inserted is formed. The connecting pin 72 is inserted into the connecting hole 73, and a cushion member 74 and a speed nut 75 made of a spring plate material are attached to the penetrating end thereof. Thus, one side 71a of the molding 71 is connected to the side surface of the step portion 26b. Further, the inner surface of the other side portion 71b facing the front of the molding 71 is adhesively fixed to the front surface of the front step portion 26b via a double-sided tape 76. As described above, the L-shaped moldings 71 are attached to the respective corners of the front step portion 26b in a state of close contact by pin connection and adhesion, and can be removed as necessary.
[0025]
The engine bonnet 24 that covers the engine 23 from above and in the entire circumferential direction has a two-part structure of a resin-molded front bonnet 24a and a rear bonnet 24b. That is, one locking claw 78 projects downward from the lower end of the front wall portion and the lower end of the left and right lateral wall portion of the front hood 24a, and the lower end of the rear wall portion and the lower end of the left and right lateral wall portion of the rear hood 24b respectively. Two locking claws 79 project downward from each other, and each of the locking claws 78 and 79 is inserted from above into a slit-like engagement hole 80 formed and arranged along the edge of the opening 60 in the step 26. Thus, as shown in FIG. 14, it is locked outward.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 10, a locking metal member 81 formed by bending a leaf spring material into a U shape is screw-fixed to the upper rear end of the front bonnet 24a, and a metal plate fixed to the upper portion of the handle post 41. The front end of the operation panel 82 is provided with engagement holes 83 for elastically engaging the engagement fittings 81, and the upper portion of the front hood 24a is positioned and supported by these engagements.
[0027]
When the engine room is opened to check and maintain the engine 23, the front hood 24a is first removed, and then the rear hood 24b is removed. When removing the rear hood 24b, the front and rear hoods provided on the left and right sides are provided. When the front locking claw 79 (a) of the pair of locking claws 79 is first removed, the entirety can be removed easily, and as shown in FIG. 13, the locking claw 79 (a) is removed. A display F for instructing a pushing operation and a mark M for instructing the operation direction are formed in a relief shape directly above the part (), and the engaging claw 79 (a) is engaged by pushing and deforming this part. It can be removed from the hole 80 and pulled up.
[0028]
A headlight device 85 is fitted and mounted in an opening formed at the front end of the front hood 24a. As shown in FIG. 9, the headlight 85 includes a reflector 87 on which a headlamp 86 is mounted and a lens 88 provided in front of the reflector 87. The headlamp 86 is assembled at the center of the reflector 87 via a socket 89. In the attached state, the reflector 87 is fitted into the bonnet opening from the front, the outer periphery of the reflector 87 is received by the support formed in the inner part of the opening, and the outer periphery of the lens 88 fitted and fixed in the opening. The wire harness 90 led out of the switch circuit is directly connected to the socket 89 without the interposition of a connector. Accordingly, even when the front bonnet 24a is removed, the wire harness 90 remains connected, and as shown in FIG. 6, the wire harness 90 places the detached front bonnet 24a on the holding arm 46 that has been tilted forward. The length of the wire harness 90 is set to a length that allows the wire harness 90 to be supported and supported by a clamp member 91 at an appropriate position on the fuselage.
[0029]
The front frame 22 on which the engine 23 is mounted in a vibration-proof manner has a sheet metal structure in which a plate material is bent and formed into a hollow box shape opened forward, and this front frame 22 is used for supporting a balance weight. In other words, in this rice transplanter, a fertilizer and a chemical sprayer may be connected to the rear of the seedling planter. In this case, it is necessary to attach a balance weight to the front of the fuselage in order to balance the weight of the fuselage. There is. As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the balance weight 95 used in this case is attached to the lower portion of the front end of the front frame 22 so as to avoid a reinforcement stay 96 fixed to a horizontal position by being pulled or roped. Of the front frame 22, received and supported by ribs 22a formed inwardly at the lower ends of the left and right side walls of the front frame 22, and screwed into the balance weight 95 through the elongated holes 97 formed in the left and right side walls of the front frame 22. Bolts 98 prevent forward escape.
[0030]
Next, the electrical system G of the Honda transplanter will be described. As shown in FIG. 18, the electrical system G is configured to have an AC circuit specification that uses AC power of a generator 101 rotated and driven by an engine 23 without converting the DC power into DC, and includes a starting circuit 102 and a headlight. A circuit 103 and a seedling alarm circuit 104 are provided.
[0031]
The starting circuit 102 includes a clutch switch (safety switch) 105 for detecting whether or not the main clutch / brake pedal 36 is depressed, an ignition device (igniter) 106, a starting controller (safety unit) 107, and a main switch 108. When the main clutch / brake pedal 36 is depressed and the brake is not operated, the engine cannot be started. Note that the start controller 107 has a ground terminal 112 that is grounded together with the vehicle body grounding section 110.
[0032]
The start of the engine 23 is a recoil system, and the ignition device 106 ignites a spark plug (not shown). In order to start the engine 23, the main switch 108 is switched to a start position in which the contact 108a is in the "B" position, and a recoil (not shown) is manually pulled while the main clutch / brake pedal 36 is depressed. is there. When the engine 23 starts, the depression of the main clutch / brake pedal 36 may be released.
[0033]
The headlight circuit 103 has a head lamp (headlight) 109 and a main switch 108 connected in series to an anode terminal 101a of the generator 101, and a cathode terminal 101b of the generator 101 and a main lead of the main switch 108. The wire 108b is connected to a vehicle body grounding section 110 for grounding the vehicle body. The cathode terminal 101b is also connected to an engine ground portion 111 for grounding the engine 23.
[0034]
To turn on the headlamp 86, the main switch 108 may be switched to a lighting position in which the contact 108a is at the "A" position while the engine 23 is rotating. In this case, when the engine speed increases, the power generation amount of the generator 101 per unit time increases, and the headlamp 86 becomes bright. When the engine speed decreases, the power generation amount of the generator 101 per unit time also increases. As the size becomes smaller, the headlamp 86 becomes darker.
[0035]
The seedling alarm circuit 104 includes a resistor 113, an alarm buzzer 114, a planting switch 115 for detecting that the elevating lever 38 has been operated to a planting position, and a parallel connection between the anode terminal 101a and the cathode terminal 101b. The four cut-out switches (one example of a cut-out detecting means) 116 are connected in this order. The warning buzzer 114 and the four seedling outbreak switches 116 constitute a seedling outbreak alarming device (an example of a working device alarming device and an electric load) N. Note that the resistor 113, the vehicle body grounding section 110, the engine grounding section 111, and a wiring portion for connecting each electric component are formed in a wiring unit 109 shown by a broken line in FIG.
[0036]
The operation of the seedling warning circuit 104 will be described. When the raising / lowering lever 38 is operated to the planting position and the planting switch 115 is conducting, one of the four seedling cutting switches 116 is “closed”. When the seedling runs out, the AC output of the generator 101 is applied to the alarm buzzer 114 via a resistor (resistance for making the voltage range of the electric load N effective for the generator 101) 113 and any one of the seedlings is placed. The alarm buzzer 114 sounds to notify the driver (operator) that the part has run out of seedlings.
[0037]
The resistor 113 is for matching the wide range of the voltage range of the alarm buzzer 114 for the AC power supply with the open voltage of the generator 101 which is substantially proportional to the engine speed. One resistor 113 for matching is provided. The seedling alarm circuit 104, that is, the electrical system G, is established with the minimum necessary configuration for addition. The appropriate voltage range of the general-purpose alarm buzzer 114 that is generally commercially available is relatively wide, 6 V to 35 V, and the circuit current is small (at most 50 mA), so that it can be handled by the small resistor 113.
[0038]
For reference, FIG. 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the generated current and the generated voltage of the generator 101 and the relationship between the electric load of the headlamp 86 and the alarm buzzer 114. The power generated by the generator 101 decreases as the current increases, increases as the current decreases, and also increases as the engine speed increases. The load line HL of the headlamp 86 does not change much in voltage even if the current value changes, whereas the load line BL of the alarm buzzer 114 has a remarkable voltage change despite the small current change. The seedling warning circuit 104 for that purpose is equipped with a resistor 113 for matching the voltage range with the generator 101.
[0039]
[Another embodiment]
The electric load for voltage matching with the generator 101 may be the headlamp 86 or other electric parts (electronic horn, turn signal, etc.), and a resistor may be provided in the headlight circuit 103 or the starting circuit 102. When the matching is performed from the beginning, the resistor may not be necessary. The work equipment alarm device is provided with a work equipment presence / absence sensor for detecting whether or not a work equipment such as a tilling rotary is connected to a lifting link mechanism in a tractor, and a recognition lamp when the work equipment is not connected. May blink (or turn off) and light up when connected.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the electrical equipment system according to the present invention, the head lamp and the working device alarm device, which are essential components of the working machine, are of an AC body compatible type, and the electrical circuit is AC-converted to DC. Necessary rectifiers (rectifiers) and regulators (regulators) are no longer required, and the structure can be simplified and costs can be reduced. In particular, a recoil type or a kick type that does not have a battery as an engine starting method has an advantage that an electric component system can be constructed at a low cost with a minimum configuration.
[0041]
When the voltage range between the electric load such as a headlamp or an alarm buzzer and the generator is out of alignment, the voltage range of both can be conveniently matched by a simple modification of providing a resistor. When the working machine is a rice transplanter, the working device warning device is configured as a seedling out warning device for notifying that the seedling cradle should be replenished with seedlings.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall side view of a rice transplanter. FIG. 2 is an overall plan view of a rice transplanter. FIG. 3 is an overall front view of the rice transplanter. FIG. 4 is a side view showing an internal structure of a front part of the aircraft. [Figure 6] Side view of the front of the fuselage with the front hood open [Figure 7] Side view of the bonnet [Figure 8] Top view of the step [Figure 9] Longitudinal side view of section A in Figure 7 [Figure] 10 is a vertical sectional side view of a portion B in FIG. 7 FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. 8 FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along line DD in FIG. 7 FIG. 13 is a side view of a rear bonnet FIG. FIG. 15 is a partially cutaway side view showing a balance weight mounting portion. FIG. 16 is a partially cutaway plan view showing a balance weight mounting portion. FIG. 17 is a front view of a front frame. FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram showing an electrical system. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a relationship graph between a generator and an electric load. Akira]
6 Seedling plant 23 Engine 86 Headlight 101 Generator 113 Resistance 114 Buzzer (electric load)
116 Seedling detection means N Working device alarm device (electric load)

Claims (3)

An electrical system for a working machine provided with a working device alarm device and a headlight both of which are operated by an AC power supply, as an electric load operated by electric power generated by a generator rotated by an engine. The electrical system for a working machine according to claim 1, further comprising a resistor for enabling a voltage range of the electric load with respect to the generator. The working device alarm device includes a seedling outbreak detecting unit that detects that the number of seedlings in the seedling mounting table in the seedling planting device has reached a predetermined amount or less, and a buzzer that operates based on the detection information of the seedling outbreak detecting unit. The electrical system for a working machine according to claim 1, wherein the electrical system is configured.

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