JP2004043983A - Wall covering material - Google Patents

Wall covering material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004043983A
JP2004043983A JP2002199367A JP2002199367A JP2004043983A JP 2004043983 A JP2004043983 A JP 2004043983A JP 2002199367 A JP2002199367 A JP 2002199367A JP 2002199367 A JP2002199367 A JP 2002199367A JP 2004043983 A JP2004043983 A JP 2004043983A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
wall covering
wallpaper
covering material
mass
backing paper
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JP2002199367A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP4130880B2 (en
Inventor
Mikio Ishikiriyama
石切山 幹雄
Kenji Taira
平 健二
Kiyohito Tsuda
津田 研人
Nisei Suenaga
末永 二世
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Kohjin Holdings Co Ltd
Kohjin Co
Kanto Leather Cloth Co Ltd
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Kohjin Holdings Co Ltd
Kohjin Co
Kanto Leather Cloth Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2002199367A priority Critical patent/JP4130880B2/en
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  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wall covering material eliminating disadvantages of conventional inorganic wallpaper, having a volume feeling and excellent applicability at a low cost and producing noncombustible fireproof performances in all the noncombustible substrate including noncombustible gypsum board. <P>SOLUTION: The wall covering material having a smooth surface or an uneven pattern (3) is obtained by laminating a resin layer (2) onto backing paper (1) for the wallpaper having 30-50 mass% content of an internally added inorganic material. The wall covering material is characterized in that the mass of an organic material in the wall covering material is ≤170 g/m<SP>2</SP>. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、建築物の内装材として使用される壁紙等の壁装材に関するものであり、詳しくは、防火性能(難燃性)に優れた壁装材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
住宅の壁面や天井に使用される壁装材としての壁紙は、火災に対する安全性の面から、難燃性が要求され、建築基準法で一定の難燃性が義務づけられている場合が多い。このため従来の壁紙は、難燃性能に応じて不燃材料、準不燃材料、難燃材料に分類され、それぞれの難燃性能に応じた構成材料の選定や配合処方が取られてきた。また壁紙は、従来防火壁装材料として通則認定の中で紙壁紙、織物壁紙、ビニル壁紙、化学繊維壁紙、無機質壁紙、特定壁紙の6種類に分類され、さらに下地基材に張り合わされた状態で防火性能(難燃性能)が評価され、下地基材との組み合わせで検定級別に防火性能が区分されてきた。例えば、ビニル壁紙の場合は、検定級別が2級、4級、5級に区分され、下地基材に直張りした場合の2級の防火性能は、下地基材が不燃材料、不燃石膏ボード、準不燃材料のいずれの組み合わせも準不燃の性能が必要となり、また無機質壁紙の検定級別は1級、2級に区分され、下地基材に直張りした場合の1級の防火性能は、下地基材が不燃材料(不燃石膏ボードを含む全ての不燃材料)の時不燃、金属または準不燃材料の時準不燃の性能が必要となる。尚、通則認定とは、国土交通省より委託を受けた日本壁装協会(旧壁装材料協会)が、建築基準法ならびに関連法規により定めた防火材料の業界に関わる認定基準であり、この中に防火壁装材料としての基本原則が技術基準として規定されていた。
【0003】
このような背景から、壁紙を構成する素材の中で壁紙用裏打紙が重要な役割を果たしてきた。壁紙用裏打紙は、壁紙の施工性を高めるだけでなく、難燃性能も要求され、ビニル壁紙には難燃紙が、無機質壁紙には無機質紙が多く用いられてきた。特に不燃の防火性能を満たした無機質壁紙は、不燃紙と呼ばれる無機質紙をベースに、化粧層として塩化ビニル樹脂等からなる樹脂層を一定の範囲内で形成したものが多く製品化されている。また難燃紙あるいは不燃紙の区分は、通則認定における技術基準で定められており、それらの難燃性は、JIS A 1322に規定された試験方法により評価されたものであることが義務づけられていた。
【0004】
さらに壁装材の防火性能は、不燃材料の場合、昭和45年建設省告示第1828号第3に規定された方法により、準不燃材料および難燃材料については、昭和51年建設省告示第1231号第2に規定された方法によって表面試験を行い、所要の性能を満たしていることが必要であった。
【0005】
しかしながら、平成10年6月に建築基準法が改正され、従来の通則認定制度から個別認定制度へと切り替わり、通則認定で取り決められていた検定級別や、それに付随した規制がなくなり、個々の責任において自由な製品設計が可能となった。さらには防火性能を評価する試験方法が、前記建設省告示の表面試験からISO 5660 part1に準拠したコーンカロリーメーターによる発熱性試験に切り替わり、これにより防火性能を評価する判定条件も、従来の表面試験では主に温度、時間、面積と発煙係数であったものが、改正後の発熱性試験では総発熱量と最高発熱速度に変更になった。
【0006】
通則認定制度の廃止は、それに付随した各種の制約条件が取り除かれ新たな技術開発をもたらすことになるが、特に不燃材料としての壁装材の開発には、防火性能のみならずコストダウン、意匠性および施工性の改善が必要となる。
【0007】
従来の壁装材の中で不燃材料として製品化されている壁紙は、前記通則認定による分類では紙壁紙、織物壁紙、無機質壁紙、特定壁紙の4種類であった。特に無機質壁紙は、下地基材が不燃石膏ボードの場合も不燃材料として認定されているため有利な存在である。不燃石膏ボードは、他の不燃材料としての下地基材(以下不燃基材)と違って、その施工性の良さから使用される場合が多い。従って、不燃材料としての壁装材を開発する場合は、従来の無機質壁紙と同様に不燃石膏ボードも含めた全ての不燃基材に適応することが求められている。
【0008】
前述の如く従来の無機質壁紙は、不燃紙と呼ばれる無機質紙をベースに、化粧層として塩化ビニル樹脂等からなる樹脂層を一定の範囲内で形成したものが代表的である。前記不燃紙は、セルロースパルプのごとき有機繊維と難燃性の無機繊維と無機粉体とを湿式抄紙して、無機繊維と無機粉体とを合計した無機物質を80質量%以上含有させたものが一般に使用されている。これは前記通則認定の技術基準に規定された「有機物質の含有量が質量比で20%以下であること」によるものである。さらに前記無機質壁紙は、前記不燃紙の質量が壁装材質量の51%以上であり、前記化粧層の有機物質の質量が80g/m以下であることも同時に規定されていた。
【0009】
このため前記無機質壁紙に用いられる不燃紙は、含有する無機質分が多いことからその製造に技術を要すると共に生産性が悪く、壁紙用基材(壁紙用裏打紙)としての強度、壁紙としての施工性を確保するためにビニル壁紙等に用いられる難燃紙と比較して質量をアップせざるを得なくコスト高になっていた。また、前記無機質壁紙は、意匠性、特にボリューム感の必要性から可能な限り不燃紙の質量と化粧層の樹脂量を増加して製品化をはかってきたためコストがアップし、さらには壁紙としての風合いが硬くなり施工性が低下するという問題を含んでいる。
【0010】
一方、含有する無機成分が少ない原紙は、壁紙裏打紙とするためには、難燃剤を含浸・塗布したり、無機成分を含有したコート剤を塗布する等の処理が必要とされ、製造工程が煩雑になるばかりでなく、コストアップになっていた(例えば、特開平1−266298号公報、同2−221496号公報、同2−243337号公報、同3−161598号公報、同3−199500号公報、同4−50400号公報、同4−126239号公報、同4−281099号公報、同6−73700号公報、同6−287892号公報、同10−195792号公報、同11−36197号公報、等)。
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、建築基準法の改正により自由な製品設計が可能となり、同時に防火性能を評価する試験方法が改正されたことに伴い、従来技術における問題点に着目してなされたものである。その課題とするところは、従来の無機質壁紙にみられるように、ボリューム感を出すために高コストとなり、しかも施工性が良くないという問題点を解消し、しかも不燃石膏ボードを含めた全ての不燃基材に対して不燃の性能を有する壁装材を提供することにある。
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、建築基準法改正に伴い新たに制定された防火性能を評価する試験方法、すなわちISO 5660 part1に準拠したコーンカロリーメーターによる発熱性試験を繰り返し行った結果、建築基準法改正前に指定されていた表面試験では効果のあった有機系難燃剤が、改正後の発熱性試験では殆ど効果が無く、壁装材の防火性能が壁装材の全質量中に含有される有機物質の質量によってほぼ決定され、さらに壁紙用裏打紙の全質量中に含有される有機物質の質量を一定の範囲内に抑さえ、化粧層の樹脂量を増加させることで、上記目的を達成し得る壁装材が得られることを見いだし、ここに本発明を完成するに至った。
【0012】
すなわち本発明による壁装材は、内添された無機物質の含有率が30〜50質量%であり、坪量が65〜90g/mである壁紙用裏打紙に樹脂層を積層してなる壁装材であって、前記壁装材中の有機物質の質量が170g/m以下であることを特徴とするものである。
【0013】
【発明実施の形態】
図1は、本発明による壁装材の実施態様の断面図を模式的に示すものであり、内添された無機物質を30〜50質量%含有する壁紙用裏打紙1の表面に樹脂層2が積層され、樹脂層2の表面側に凹凸模様3が形成されている。尚、図2は、樹脂層2の上にさらに合成樹脂フィルム層4が積層された本発明による壁装材の断面図を示すものである。
【0014】
本発明における壁紙用裏打紙1(以下裏打紙1という)に用いられるパルプには特に制限はないが、例えば針葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(NBKP)、広葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(LBKP)、針葉樹晒サルファイトパルプ(NBSP)、広葉樹晒サルファイトパルプ(LBSP)、サーモメカニカルパルプ(TMP)、その他の木材パルプなどが使用でき、これら1種または2種以上のパルプを適宜選択混合して用いても良い。また、合成繊維または無機繊維の1種または2種以上をパルプ中に混合することにより、原紙1の寸法安定性を向上させることができる。
【0015】
本発明の裏打紙1に用いられる無機物質は、炭酸カルシウム、カオリン、クレー、カオリンクレー、焼成カオリン、焼成クレー、ケイ酸カルシウム、塩基性炭酸マグネシウム、タルク、ホワイトカーボン、二酸化チタン、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム等の無機粉体から、原紙の隠蔽性、強度、厚み、コスト等を考慮して適宜選定され、1種または2種以上をパルプ中に混合して用いられる。また前記無機粉体の中で結晶水または構造水を含んだものは、カオリン、クレー、カオリンクレー、ケイ酸カルシウム、塩基性炭酸マグネシウム、タルク、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウムであり、これらの無機粉体は、加熱により結晶水または構造水を放出し、吸熱分解するため自己消化性があるので、他の無機粉体に比べて若干防火性能が向上する。従って、無機粉体を選定する場合は、一般的に製紙用に用いられ、かつ結晶水を保有した水酸化アルミニウムや水酸化マグネシウムの混合比率を高めるのが好ましい。
【0016】
裏打紙1中に内添される無機物質の含有率は、30〜50質量%の範囲である必要があり、坪量は65〜90g/mの範囲である必要がある。無機物質の含有率が30質量%未満、もしくは裏打紙1の坪量が90g/mを超えると裏打紙1中の有機物質の質量が増加し、壁装材の防火性能を確保する為に化粧層としての樹脂層の質量を減らさざるを得ないことになり壁装材のボリューム感が損なわれ、さらに裏打紙1の質量が90g/mを超えるとコストがアップし好ましくない。また裏打紙1の無機物質の含有率が50質量%を超えたり、もしくは坪量が65g/m未満になると裏打紙1の強度低下が起こり、さらに無機物質の含有率が50質量%を超えると、裏打紙1の地合いが悪くなるだけでなく、無機物質の定着歩留まり低下を防止するため多量の薬剤を使いかえってコストアップになり好ましくない。
【0017】
本発明で用いる裏打紙1は、無機物質の含有率と坪量とを上述した一定の範囲内に設定し、それ自体で防火性能を具えている。そのため、難燃剤処理または無機物質コート処理を施さずに使用することができる。
【0018】
裏打紙1を製造するに際しては、前記パルプと無機物質とを混合し、紙力増強剤、歩留向上剤、サイズ剤、バインダー等のウエットエンド添加剤を適宜選択し、通常の抄造方法によって抄紙する。ウエットエンド添加剤としては、カチオン性またはアニオン性高分子化合物からなる紙力増強剤、カチオン性またはアニオン性高分子化合物からなる歩留向上剤、ベントナイトクレーのような無機化合物からなる歩留向上助剤、ロジン系、スチレンアクリル系、スチレンアミド系、アルキルケテンダイマー等のサイズ剤、繊維状熱溶融型ビニロン、ラテックスエマルジョンの様なバインダーおよびその他の抄紙薬品が適宜選択して用いられる。前記紙力増強剤としては、カチオン化でんぷん、カチオン性またはアニオン性ポリアクリルアミド、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリアミドエピクロルヒドリン樹脂、カチオン変性グアーガム、カチオン変性ポリビニルアルコール等を挙げることができる。また前記カチオン性またはアニオン性高分子化合物からなる歩留向上剤としては、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリメタクリルアミド、酸化でんぷん等を挙げることができる。
【0019】
本発明の壁装材は、上記のようにして得られた裏打紙1の表面に樹脂層2を積層してなるが、その際使用される樹脂材料としては、塩化ビニル樹脂またはオレフィン系樹脂等が好適に使用される。塩化ビニル樹脂には、可塑剤、安定剤、発泡剤、減粘剤その他の有機系添加剤および炭酸カルシウム、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム、珪砂、タルク、シリカ類、ケイ酸マグネシウム、ホウ酸亜鉛、二酸化チタン等の無機粉体を混合し、カレンダー成形法、コーティング法、スクリーン印刷法等により裏打紙1の表面にシート状もしくは絵柄模様状に樹脂組成物として積層する。また、オレフィン系樹脂としては、エチレン・α−オレフィン系共重合体、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン・メチル(メタ)アクリレート共重合体等のエチレン系共重合体及びこれらと他のオレフィン系樹脂の混合物が好ましく、これらの樹脂には、中和剤、分散剤、消泡剤、ブロッキング防止剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤、発泡剤、その他の有機系添加剤及び炭酸カルシウム、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム、珪砂、タルク、シリカ類、ケイ酸マグネシウム、ホウ酸亜鉛、二酸化チタン等の無機粉体を用途に応じて適宜選択混合し、カレンダー成形法、押出成形法、コーティング法、スクリーン印刷法等により裏打紙1の表面にシート状もしくは絵柄模様状に樹脂組成物として積層する。尚、前記樹脂材料に混合する無機粉体の種類及び添加量は、作業性、コスト、発泡性、壁装材の物性、壁装材のボリューム感等を考慮して決定されるが、裏打紙1に混合された無機粉体と同様防火性能が若干向上するという意味で水酸化アルミニウムや水酸化マグネシウム等の結晶水を保有した無機粉体の混合比率を高めるのが好ましい。
【0020】
本発明の壁装材は、目的とする防火性能を確保するため壁装材全質量中の有機物質の質量(以下有機質量)を170g/m以下に設定する必要がある。有機質量が170g/mを超えると、建築基準法で定められた発熱性試験で、総発熱量が基準値を超えてしまう。このため壁装材を構成する樹脂層2の有機質量は、壁装材の有機質量の上限値170g/mから裏打紙1の有機質量の下限値32.5g/mを減じた質量137.5g/m以下に設定することが必要である。尚、樹脂層2上には、後述の如く、必要に応じて絵柄模様や合成樹脂フィルム層4を積層させるため、この場合の樹脂層2の有機質量は、絵柄模様又は合成樹脂フィルム層4の有機質量を減じた質量以下に設定することが必要である。
【0021】
樹脂層2上に形成される絵柄模様は、適宜、印刷インキ(非発泡性インキ)及び/または水性エマルジョン樹脂を主成分とした発泡性インキ、塩化ビニルペースト樹脂を主成分とした発泡性インキ等を用いて、グラビア印刷法、スクリーン印刷法、フレキソ印刷法等にて形成することができる。
【0022】
また、合成樹脂フィルム層4は、本発明の壁装材に防汚性能を付与させることを目的としたものである。合成樹脂フィルム層4に用いられる合成樹脂フィルムとしては、アクリルフィルム、ポリエステルフィルム、ポリエチレンフィルム、エチレン・ビニルアルコール共重合体フィルムなどが挙げられ、熱接着もしくは接着剤を介して樹脂層2上に積層される。尚、樹脂層2上に絵柄模様を形成させる場合は、非発泡性インキにより絵柄模様を形成させてから合成樹脂フィルム層4を積層することが好ましい。
【0023】
本発明における壁装材の凹凸模様3は、裏打紙1上、または裏打紙1上に積層された樹脂層2上に、前述の如き発泡性インキを絵柄模様状に塗布乾燥した後、熱風または赤外線照射等で加熱発泡させる方法、裏打紙1上に形成された樹脂層2上に、発泡抑制インキを用いて絵柄模様状に塗布乾燥した後、熱風または赤外線照射等で絵柄模様以外の樹脂層を加熱発泡させるケミカルエンボス法、裏打紙1上に積層された樹脂層2を熱風または赤外線照射等で加熱溶融または加熱発泡させた後、エンボスロールを樹脂層2の表面側に圧接させるメカニカルエンボス法等により形成される。また合成樹脂フィルム層4を積層する場合は、樹脂層2上に合成樹脂フィルム4を積層した後、熱風または赤外線照射等で加熱溶融あるいは加熱発泡させ、エンボスロールを用いて凹凸模様3を形成させても良いし、樹脂層2を熱風または赤外線照射等で加熱溶融あるいは加熱発泡させた後、エンボスロールを用いて合成樹脂フィルム4の積層と凹凸模様3の形成を同時に行っても良い。
【0024】
尚、本発明の壁装材は、表面が平滑な壁装材として用いられる場合もある。例えば、クリーンルーム等には防塵壁紙と呼ばれ、帯電防止性能を備えた表面が平滑な壁装材が使用される。クリーンルームは埃を嫌うため埃の溜まりやすい凹凸模様は好ましくなく、平滑であることが要求される。
【0025】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明を実施例を挙げて具体的に記述するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に制限されるものではない。
【0026】
[実施例1]
NBKPを離解後、常法により300mlcsfまで叩解し、無機粉体として平均粒子径1μmに粉砕調整した焼成カオリン(エンゲルハード社製、商品名:ANSILEX)を裏打紙中含有率40質量%となるように添加し、湿潤紙力増強剤としてポリアミドエピクロルヒドリン樹脂(荒川化学工業(株)製、商品名:アラフィックス100)を0.5質量%、歩留向上剤としてカチオン性ポリアクリルアミド(伯東化学(株)製、商品名:ポリマスターR−623)を0.005質量%、さらに中性サイズ剤としてアルキルケテンダイマー(荒川化学工業(株)製、商品名:CS−280)を0.25質量%添加して紙料を調製した。この紙料を長網抄紙機で抄紙し、坪量70g/mの壁紙用裏打紙を得た。
【0027】
[実施例2]
NBKPを離解後、常法により300mlcsfまで叩解し、無機粉体として水酸化アルミニウム(昭和電工(株)製、商品名:ハイジライトH−42、平均粒子径:1μm)を裏打紙中含有率40質量%となるように添加し、実施例1と同様にパルプ抄紙薬品、及び歩留向上剤を加えて紙料を調製した。この紙料を長網抄紙機で抄紙し、坪量70g/mの壁紙用裏打紙を得た。
【0028】
[実施例3]
実施例1で得られた壁紙用裏打紙の表面に、表1の樹脂組成1で示される樹脂組成物を、有機質量が123g/mになるようコーティング法により塗布して樹脂層を積層し、樹脂層の厚み130μ、全有機質量165g/mの壁装材原料シートを得た。
【0029】
次いでこの壁装材原料シート上に、水性インキを用いてグラビア印刷にて絵柄模様を形成した後、赤外線照射装置を備えた発泡エンボス機にて発泡及びエンボスを同時に行い、図1に示す構成の厚さ0.70mmの壁装材を得た。
【0030】
【表1】

Figure 2004043983
【0031】
[実施例4]
実施例2で得られた壁紙用裏打紙の表面に、表1の樹脂組成1で示される樹脂組成物を、有機質量が123g/mになるようコーティング法により塗布して樹脂層を積層し、樹脂層の厚み130μ、全有機質量165g/mの壁装材原料シートを得た。
【0032】
次いでこの壁装材原料シート上に、水性インキを用いてグラビア印刷にて絵柄模様を形成した後、実施例3と同様にして発泡及びエンボスを同時に行い、図1に示す構成の厚さ0.70mmの壁装材を得た。
【0033】
[実施例5]
実施例1で得られた壁紙用裏打紙の表面に、表2の樹脂組成2で示される樹脂組成物を、有機質量が123g/mになるようカレンダー成形法によりシート化して樹脂層を積層し、樹脂層の厚み195μ、全有機質量165g/mの壁装材原料シートを得た。
【0034】
次いでこの壁装材原料シート上に、水性インキを用いてグラビア印刷にて絵柄模様を形成した後、実施例3と同様にして発泡及びエンボスを同時に行い、図1に示す構成の厚さ0.80mmの壁装材を得た。
【0035】
[実施例6]
実施例1で得られた壁紙用裏打紙の表面に、表1の樹脂組成1で示される樹脂組成物を、有機質量が108g/mになるようコーティング法により塗布して樹脂層を積層し、樹脂層の厚み112μ、全有機質量150g/mの壁装材原料シートを得た。
【0036】
次いでこの壁装材原料シート上に、水性インキを用いてグラビア印刷にて絵柄模様を形成し、さらに合成樹脂フィルムとして厚さ12μ、質量15g/mの接着剤付きエチレン・ビニルアルコール共重合体フィルム((株)クラレ製、商品名:エバール)を熱接着により積層させ、全有機質量165g/mの合成樹脂フィルム付き壁装材原料シートを得た。この壁装材原料シートを実施例1と同様にして発泡及びエンボスを同時に行い、図2に示す構成の厚さ0.55mmの壁装材を得た。
【0037】
【表2】
Figure 2004043983
【0038】
[比較例1]
壁紙用裏打紙の坪量を変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、坪量50g/mの壁紙用裏打紙を得た。
【0039】
[比較例2]
NBKPを離解後、常法により300mlcsfまで叩解し、無機粉体として平均粒子径1μmに粉砕調整した焼成カオリン(商品名:ANSILEX)を裏打紙中含有率60質量%となるように添加し、湿潤紙力増強剤としてポリアミドエピクロルヒドリン樹脂(商品名:アラフィックス100)を1.0質量%、歩留向上剤としてカチオン性ポリアクリルアミド(商品名:ポリマスターR−623)を0.01質量%、さらに中性サイズ剤としてアルキルケテンダイマー(商品名:CS−280)を0.5質量%添加して紙料を調製した。この紙料を長網抄紙機で抄紙し、坪量70g/mの壁紙用裏打紙を得た。
【0040】
[比較例3]
NBKPを離解後、常法により300mlcsfまで叩解し、無機粉体として平均粒子径1μmに粉砕調整した焼成カオリン(商品名:ANSILEX)を裏打紙中含有率10質量%となるように添加し、湿潤紙力増強剤としてポリアミドエピクロルヒドリン樹脂(商品名:アラフィックス100)を0.5質量%、歩留向上剤としてカチオン性ポリアクリルアミド(商品名:ポリマスターR−623)を0.005質量%、さらに中性サイズ剤としてアルキルケテンダイマー(商品名:CS−280)を0.25質量%添加して紙料を調製した。この紙料を長網抄紙機で抄紙し、坪量70g/mの壁紙用裏打紙を得た。
【0041】
この壁紙用裏打紙の表面に、表1の樹脂組成1で示される樹脂組成物を、有機質量が102g/mになるようコーティング法により塗布して樹脂層を積層し、樹脂層の厚み107μ、全有機質量165g/mの壁装材原料シートを得た。
【0042】
この壁装材原料シートを実施例3と同様にして絵柄模様を形成し、さらに発泡及びエンボスを同時に行って図1に示す構成の厚さ0.48mmの壁装材を得た。
【0043】
[比較例4]
壁紙用裏打紙の坪量を変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、坪量100g/mの壁紙用裏打紙を得た。
【0044】
この壁紙用裏打紙の表面に、表1の樹脂組成1で示される樹脂組成物を、有機質量が105g/mになるようコーティング法により塗布して樹脂層を積層し、樹脂層の厚み110μ、全有機質量165g/mの壁装材原料シートを得た。
【0045】
この壁装材原料シートを実施例3と同様にして絵柄模様を形成し、さらに発泡及びエンボスを同時に行って図1に示す構成の厚さ0.56mmの壁装材を得た。
【0046】
[比較例5]
実施例1で得られた壁紙用裏打紙の表面に、表1の樹脂組成1で示される樹脂組成物を、有機物質の質量が138g/mになるようコーティング法により塗布して樹脂層を積層し、樹脂層の厚み146μ、全有機質量180g/mの壁装材原料シートを得た。
【0047】
この壁装材原料シートを実施例3と同様にして絵柄模様を形成し、さらに発泡及びエンボスを同時に行って図1に示す構成の厚さ0.75mmの壁装材を得た。
【0048】
[比較例6]
建築基準法改正前の通則認定で規定されていた有機質分20質量%、坪量150g/mの不燃紙(無機質紙:水酸化アルミニウム80質量%含有)上に、表1の樹脂組成1で示される樹脂組成物を、有機物質の質量が80g/m以下で、かつ樹脂組成物の質量が壁装材質量の49%以下になるようコーティング法により塗布して樹脂層を積層し、壁装材原料シートを得た。この時の樹脂層の厚みは85μで、全有機質量は110g/mであった。
【0049】
この壁装材原料シートを実施例3と同様にして絵柄模様を形成し、さらに発泡及びエンボスを同時に行って市販の無機質壁紙と同構成の厚さ0.40mmの壁装材を得た。
【0050】
前記実施例1〜6および比較例1〜6で得られた壁紙用裏打紙又は壁装材について、裏打紙の強度、裏打紙の隠蔽性、裏打紙のサイズ度、裏打紙の地合い、裏打紙のコスト、壁装材のボリューム感、壁装材の施工性、壁装材の防火性、壁装材の防汚性を以下の試験方法及び評価基準に従って評価した。
【0051】
(試験方法及び評価基準)
1.裏打紙の強度
JIS P−8113、P−8116により引張り強度、及び引き裂き強度を測定し、下記の評価基準に従って評価した。
○:壁装材の裏打紙として十分使用できる。
△:壁装材の裏打紙として使用するには、やや不十分である。
×:壁装材の裏打紙としては使用できない。
【0052】
2.裏打紙の隠蔽性
JIS P−8113により不透明度を測定し、下記の評価基準に従って評価した。
○:壁装材の裏打ち紙として十分使用できる。
△:壁装材の裏打ち紙として使用するには、やや不十分である。
×:壁装材の裏打ち紙としては使用できない。
【0053】
3.裏打紙のサイズ度
JIS P−8122によりサイズ度を測定し、下記の評価基準に従って評価した。
○:壁装材の裏打ち紙として十分使用できる。
△:壁装材の裏打ち紙として使用するには、やや不十分である。
×:壁装材の裏打ち紙としては使用できない。
【0054】
4.裏打紙の地合い
裏打紙の表面に塩化ビニルペースト塗料を塗布、乾燥した壁装材原料シート上に、グラビア印刷機にて水性インキを塗布し、印刷適性を目視にて評価した。
○:印刷適性は良い。
△:印刷適性がやや悪い。
×:印刷適性が悪い。
【0055】
5.裏打紙のコスト
市販のビニル壁紙用難撚紙(坪量:70g/m)とコストを比較した。
◎:難燃紙に比べてやや安い。
○:難燃紙に比べてほぼ同等のコストである。
×:難燃紙に比べてやや高い。
【0056】
6.壁装材のボリューム感
壁装材の厚みをシックネスゲージを用いて測定し、下記の評価基準に従って壁装材のボリューム感を評価した。
○:壁装材の厚みが0.65mm以上であった。
△:壁装材の厚みが0.50mm以上0.65mm未満であった。
×:壁装材の厚みが0.50mm未満であった。
【0057】
7.壁装材の防火性能
建築基準法第68条の26第1項の規定に基づき、同法第2条第九号及び同法施行令第108条の2(不燃材料)の規定に適合するかどうかを確認する為、指定された試験(ISO 5660 part1に準拠したコーンカロリーメーターによる発熱性試験)を行い、下記の判定基準に基づいて評価した。尚、試験には不燃基材として他の不燃基材に比較して最も性能の出にくい厚さ12.5mmの不燃石膏ボード(吉野石膏(株)製)を使用した。
〈判定基準〉
▲1▼加熱開始後20分間の総発熱量が、8MJ/m以下であること。
▲2▼加熱開始後20分間、最高発熱速度が、10秒以上継続して200kw/mを超えないこと。
〈評価基準〉
◎:総発熱量及び最高発熱速度とも適合していた(合格)。
○:総発熱量及び最高発熱速度とも適合していたが、総発熱量又は最高発熱速度の何れかがやや高めであった(合格)。
△:最高発熱速度は適合していたが、総発熱量が不適合であった(不合格)。
×:総発熱量及び最高発熱速度のいずれも不適合であった(不合格)。
【0058】
8.壁装材の施工性
社内試験により施工時の不陸隠蔽性とカール状態を下記の評価基準に従って評価した。
▲1▼不陸隠蔽性試験:厚さ0.1mm、直径3cmの円形に切り取った粘着テープを下地に張り付け不陸隠蔽性試験用基材とする。この基材上に壁装材を張り付け24時間放置後、粘着テープの跡を目視にて観察し評価する。
▲2▼カール試験:通常より50%濃度が低い施工糊を用い、通常より20%少ない量で壁装材に塗布して30分間放置する(オープンタイム30分)。その後下地に壁装材を張り付け、カール状態を24時間目視にて観察し評価する。
〈評価基準〉
○:不陸隠蔽性とカール状態とも良好であった。
△:不陸隠蔽性又はカール状態の何れかが悪かった。
×:不陸隠蔽性とカール状態とも悪かった。
【0059】
9.壁装材の防汚性
日本ビニル工業会・ビニル建装部会制定の「汚れ防止商品 性能表示規定」に基づいて試験を行い、下記の評価基準に従って評価した。
◎:全ての汚染物に対して汚れ防止性能が基準を満たしていた。
○:汚染物によっては汚れ防止性能が基準を満たしていない物があった(一般的ビニル壁紙と同等の性能)。
×:全ての汚染物に対して汚れ防止性能が基準を満たしていなかった。
【0060】
【表3】
Figure 2004043983
【0061】
【表4】
Figure 2004043983
【0062】
裏打紙についてみると、表3に示す如く、本発明の実施例3〜6で使用する壁紙用裏打紙である実施例1及び実施例2は強度、隠蔽性、サイズ度、地合いについて優れており満足し得るものであった。これに対して、実施例1の条件で坪量のみを低くした裏打紙である比較例1は、強度、隠蔽性、地合いが劣り、無機物質の含有率を増加させた裏打紙である比較例2は、強度、サイズ度、地合いが劣った。また、比較例4で使用した坪量を増加させた裏打紙はコスト高になる結果であった。
【0063】
壁装材についてみると、表3に示す如く、実施例3から実施例5の壁装材は、ボリューム感、防火性能、施工性につき全て優れており満足し得るものであった。防汚性については、一般的ビニル壁紙と同等であった。合成樹脂フィルムを積層させた実施例6も防火性能、施工性は優れている。ボリューム感はやや低下するが、防汚性が大きく改善される。
一方、裏打紙中の有機質量の多い比較例3及び比較例4は、積層させる樹脂層が薄くなるため壁装材のボリューム感が劣り、壁装材の全有機質量を増加させた比較例5は、防火性能が劣り不合格という結果であった。尚、参考までに市販の無機質壁紙を評価した比較例6は、不燃紙のコストが高く、壁装材とした場合、ボリューム感と施工性が劣っていた。
【0064】
表4は、壁装材の防火性能を比較する為に発熱性試験の試験項目である総発熱量と最高発熱速度の実測値(平均値)を抜粋して示したものである。これを見ると、裏打紙中の無機物質を実施例3の焼成カオリンから結晶水を持つ水酸化アルミニウムに変えた実施例4の方が総発熱量及び最高発熱速度とも僅かに低くなっていた。さらに、水酸化アルミニウムを増加させた不燃紙を用いた比較例6も同様に低くなっており、特に合格値に対する効果寄与率では、総発熱量に効果が見られた。また、原紙上に積層する樹脂層の樹脂材料を実施例3の塩化ビニル樹脂からエチレン・α−オレフィン系共重合体(オレフィン系樹脂)に変えた実施例5の数値を比較すると、総発熱量には殆ど差はなく、最高発熱速度に大きな差が見られるものの不合格になるにはまだ十分余裕があることが分かる。さらに、有機物質を増加させた比較例5は、総発熱量で不合格になっているものの、最高発熱速度は樹脂材料を変えた実施例5よりも低くなっている。これは建築基準法で定められた発熱性試験において、総発熱量は有機物質の種類ではなく総質量の影響を受け、最高発熱速度は有機物質の種類に影響されることを示している。すなはち本実施例及び比較例により、壁装材の防火性能が、主に有機物質の総質量で制限されることが示された。
【0065】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように、本発明の壁装材は、壁紙用裏打紙の坪量と無機物質の含有率を一定の範囲内に設定し、さらに壁装材中の全有機質量の上限を設定することで、従来の無機質壁紙の持つ欠点、すなわち高コストでボリューム感が無く、施工性が悪いという欠点を解消することができ、かつ不燃石膏ボードを含めた全ての不燃基材において不燃の防火性能をもたらすことができる。
【0066】
さらに、必要に応じて合成樹脂フィルムを積層することで壁装材の防汚性を向上させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の壁装材の実施例を示す模式的断面図である。
【図2】合成樹脂フィルムが積層された本発明の壁装材の実施例を示す模式的断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1:壁紙用裏打紙
2:樹脂層
3:凹凸模様
4:合成樹脂フィルム[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a wall covering material such as wallpaper used as an interior material of a building, and more particularly to a wall covering material excellent in fireproof performance (flame retardancy).
[0002]
[Prior art]
Wallpapers as wall coverings used on the walls and ceilings of houses are required to be flame retardant from the standpoint of fire safety, and a certain level of flame resistance is often required by the Building Standards Act. For this reason, the conventional wallpaper is classified into a non-combustible material, a semi-incombustible material, and a flame retardant material according to the flame retardant performance, and selection of a constituent material and a compounding prescription according to each flame retardant performance have been taken. In addition, wallpaper has been classified into six types: paper wallpaper, textile wallpaper, vinyl wallpaper, chemical fiber wallpaper, inorganic wallpaper, and specific wallpaper, which have been conventionally approved as fire wall covering materials. Fireproof performance (flame retardant performance) has been evaluated, and fireproof performance has been classified according to certification class in combination with the base material. For example, in the case of vinyl wallpaper, the test grades are classified into the second grade, the fourth grade, and the fifth grade, and the second grade fireproof performance when directly attached to the base substrate is a non-combustible material, non-combustible gypsum board, Any combination of quasi-incombustible materials must have quasi-incombustible performance, and the grades of test for inorganic wallpaper are classified into 1st and 2nd grades. When the material is non-combustible material (all non-combustible materials including non-combustible gypsum board), non-combustible performance of metal or semi-incombustible material is required. The general certification is a certification standard related to the fire protection materials industry established by the Japanese Wall Association (former Wall Materials Association) commissioned by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in accordance with the Building Standards Act and related laws and regulations. The basic principles for fire wall materials were stipulated as technical standards.
[0003]
From such a background, the backing paper for wallpaper has played an important role in the materials constituting the wallpaper. Backing paper for wallpaper not only enhances the workability of wallpaper, but also requires flame retardancy, and flame retardant paper is often used for vinyl wallpaper and inorganic paper is used for inorganic wallpaper. In particular, many inorganic wallpaper satisfying non-combustible fireproofing performances have been commercialized in which a resin layer made of a vinyl chloride resin or the like is formed as a decorative layer within a certain range based on an inorganic paper called non-combustible paper. In addition, the classification of flame retardant paper or non-flammable paper is stipulated in the technical standards in the general certification, and it is obliged that the flame retardant properties are evaluated by the test method stipulated in JIS A 1322. It was.
[0004]
Furthermore, in the case of non-combustible materials, the fireproofing performance of the wall coverings is determined by the method specified in the Ministry of Construction Notification No. 1828 No. 3 of 1971. The surface test was performed by the method prescribed in No. 2 and it was necessary to satisfy the required performance.
[0005]
However, the Building Standards Act was revised in June 1998, switching from the conventional general certification system to the individual certification system, and there is no certification class and regulations associated with the general certification. Free product design is now possible. Furthermore, the test method for evaluating the fireproof performance is switched from the surface test of the Ministry of Construction notification to the exothermic test with a cone calorimeter in conformity with ISO 5660 part1, and the judgment condition for evaluating the fireproof performance is also the conventional surface test. However, what was mainly temperature, time, area and smoke generation coefficient was changed to the total heat generation and maximum heat generation rate in the exothermic test after the revision.
[0006]
The abolition of the general certification system will remove various constraints associated with it and lead to the development of new technologies. However, especially for the development of wall coverings as non-combustible materials, not only fire prevention performance but also cost reduction, design Improvement of workability and workability is required.
[0007]
Among the conventional wall coverings that have been commercialized as non-combustible materials, there are four types of wallpaper: paper wallpaper, woven wallpaper, inorganic wallpaper, and specific wallpaper according to the general rules. In particular, inorganic wallpaper is advantageous because it is recognized as a non-combustible material even when the base material is non-combustible gypsum board. Unlike non-combustible base materials (hereinafter referred to as non-combustible base materials), non-combustible gypsum boards are often used because of their good workability. Therefore, when developing wall coverings as incombustible materials, it is required to adapt to all incombustible base materials including incombustible gypsum boards as well as conventional inorganic wallpaper.
[0008]
As described above, the conventional inorganic wallpaper is typically one in which a resin layer made of vinyl chloride resin or the like is formed as a decorative layer within a certain range based on an inorganic paper called non-combustible paper. The non-combustible paper is obtained by wet-making organic fibers such as cellulose pulp, flame retardant inorganic fibers and inorganic powder, and containing 80% by mass or more of an inorganic substance obtained by adding the inorganic fibers and the inorganic powder. Is commonly used. This is because “the content of organic substances is 20% or less by mass ratio” defined in the technical standards of the above general certification. Further, in the inorganic wallpaper, the mass of the non-combustible paper is 51% or more of the mass of the wall covering material, and the mass of the organic material in the decorative layer is 80 g / m. 2 It was also stipulated that
[0009]
For this reason, the non-combustible paper used for the inorganic wallpaper contains a large amount of inorganic content, so it requires technology for its production and has poor productivity, strength as a base material for wallpaper (backing paper for wallpaper), construction as wallpaper In order to ensure the property, the mass has to be increased as compared with the flame-retardant paper used for vinyl wallpaper and the like, and the cost has been increased. In addition, the above-mentioned inorganic wallpaper has been commercialized by increasing the mass of non-combustible paper and the amount of resin in the decorative layer as much as possible due to the need for design, especially volume, and the cost has increased. This includes the problem that the texture becomes hard and the workability is lowered.
[0010]
On the other hand, a base paper containing a small amount of inorganic components requires a process such as impregnation and coating with a flame retardant or coating with a coating agent containing inorganic components in order to make wallpaper backing paper. In addition to being complicated, the cost has been increased (for example, JP-A-1-266298, JP-A-2-221296, JP-A-2-243337, JP-A-3-161598, and JP-A-3-199500). Gazette, 4-50400 gazette, 4-126239 gazette, 4-281099 gazette, 6-73700 gazette, 6-287892 gazette, 10-1955792 gazette, 11-36197 gazette. ,etc).
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made by paying attention to the problems in the prior art as a result of the revision of the Building Standards Act, which enables free product design and at the same time, the test method for evaluating fire prevention performance has been revised. The problem is that all conventional non-combustible materials, including non-combustible gypsum board, have solved the problem of high cost and high workability, as seen in conventional inorganic wallpaper. An object of the present invention is to provide a wall covering material having non-combustible performance with respect to a base material.
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of repeatedly conducting a test method for evaluating fire prevention performance newly established in accordance with the revision of the Building Standard Law, that is, a heat generation test using a corn calorimeter in accordance with ISO 5660 part1, Organic flame retardants that were effective in the surface test specified in, but have little effect in the revised exothermic test, and the fireproof performance of the wall covering is contained in the total mass of the wall covering. The above object can be achieved by increasing the resin amount of the decorative layer even if the mass of the organic substance contained in the total mass of the backing paper for wallpaper is kept within a certain range. It has been found that a wall covering can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed here.
[0012]
That is, the wall covering material according to the present invention has a content of the internally added inorganic substance of 30 to 50% by mass and a basis weight of 65 to 90 g / m. 2 A wall covering made by laminating a resin layer on a backing paper for wallpaper, wherein the mass of the organic substance in the wall covering is 170 g / m. 2 It is characterized by the following.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a wall covering according to the present invention. A resin layer 2 is formed on the surface of a backing paper 1 for wallpaper containing 30-50% by mass of an internally added inorganic substance. Are formed, and an uneven pattern 3 is formed on the surface side of the resin layer 2. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a wall covering according to the present invention in which a synthetic resin film layer 4 is further laminated on the resin layer 2.
[0014]
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the pulp used for the backing paper 1 for wallpaper in this invention (henceforth backing paper 1), For example, softwood bleached kraft pulp (NBKP), hardwood bleached kraft pulp (LBKP), softwood bleached sulfite pulp ( NBSP), hardwood bleached sulfite pulp (LBSP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP), other wood pulp, and the like, and one or more of these pulps may be appropriately selected and mixed for use. Moreover, the dimensional stability of the base paper 1 can be improved by mixing 1 type, or 2 or more types of a synthetic fiber or an inorganic fiber in a pulp.
[0015]
Inorganic substances used for the backing paper 1 of the present invention include calcium carbonate, kaolin, clay, kaolin clay, calcined kaolin, calcined clay, calcium silicate, basic magnesium carbonate, talc, white carbon, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, The inorganic powder such as magnesium hydroxide is appropriately selected in consideration of the concealability, strength, thickness, cost, etc. of the base paper, and one or more kinds are used in the pulp. Among the inorganic powders, those containing crystal water or structural water are kaolin, clay, kaolin clay, calcium silicate, basic magnesium carbonate, talc, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and these inorganic powders. Since the powder releases crystal water or structural water by heating and undergoes endothermic decomposition, it is self-digesting, so the fireproof performance is slightly improved compared to other inorganic powders. Therefore, when selecting an inorganic powder, it is preferable to increase the mixing ratio of aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide that is generally used for papermaking and that holds crystal water.
[0016]
The content of the inorganic substance internally added in the backing paper 1 needs to be in the range of 30 to 50% by mass, and the basis weight is 65 to 90 g / m. 2 Must be in the range. The content of the inorganic substance is less than 30% by mass, or the basis weight of the backing paper 1 is 90 g / m 2 If it exceeds, the mass of the organic material in the backing paper 1 will increase, and the mass of the resin layer as a decorative layer will have to be reduced in order to ensure the fire performance of the wall covering, and the volume feeling of the wall covering will be reduced. Is damaged, and the weight of the backing paper 1 is 90 g / m. 2 Exceeding this is undesirable because it increases costs. Further, the content of the inorganic material of the backing paper 1 exceeds 50% by mass, or the basis weight is 65 g / m. 2 When the content is less than 50%, the strength of the backing paper 1 is lowered. When the content of the inorganic material exceeds 50% by mass, not only the texture of the backing paper 1 is deteriorated, but also a large amount is used to prevent the fixing yield of the inorganic material from being lowered. Replacing the drug increases the cost and is not preferable.
[0017]
The backing paper 1 used in the present invention sets the content and basis weight of the inorganic substance within the above-described fixed ranges, and itself has fireproof performance. Therefore, it can be used without performing flame retardant treatment or inorganic substance coating treatment.
[0018]
When the backing paper 1 is produced, the pulp and the inorganic substance are mixed, and a paper strength enhancer, a yield improver, a sizing agent, a binder, and other wet end additives are appropriately selected. To do. Examples of wet end additives include paper strength enhancers made of cationic or anionic polymer compounds, yield improvers made of cationic or anionic polymer compounds, and yield improvement aids made of inorganic compounds such as bentonite clay. Sizing agents such as rosin, styrene acrylic, styrene amide, alkyl ketene dimer, binders such as fibrous hot-melt vinylon, latex emulsion, and other papermaking chemicals are appropriately selected and used. Examples of the paper strength enhancer include cationized starch, cationic or anionic polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine, polyamide epichlorohydrin resin, cation-modified guar gum, and cation-modified polyvinyl alcohol. Examples of the yield improver comprising the cationic or anionic polymer compound include polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, and oxidized starch.
[0019]
The wall covering material of the present invention is formed by laminating the resin layer 2 on the surface of the backing paper 1 obtained as described above. As a resin material used at that time, a vinyl chloride resin, an olefin resin, or the like is used. Are preferably used. Vinyl chloride resins include plasticizers, stabilizers, foaming agents, thickeners and other organic additives and calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, silica sand, talc, silicas, magnesium silicate, zinc borate Then, an inorganic powder such as titanium dioxide is mixed and laminated as a resin composition in the form of a sheet or a pattern on the surface of the backing paper 1 by a calendar molding method, a coating method, a screen printing method or the like. The olefin resins include ethylene / α-olefin copolymers, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene copolymers such as ethylene / methyl (meth) acrylate copolymers, and other olefin resins. Mixtures of resins are preferred, and these resins include neutralizers, dispersants, antifoaming agents, antiblocking agents, antioxidants, light stabilizers, foaming agents, other organic additives and calcium carbonate, hydroxylation Inorganic powders such as aluminum, magnesium hydroxide, silica sand, talc, silicas, magnesium silicate, zinc borate, titanium dioxide, etc. are appropriately selected and mixed according to the application, calender molding method, extrusion molding method, coating method, screen It is laminated as a resin composition in the form of a sheet or a pattern on the surface of the backing paper 1 by a printing method or the like. The type and amount of inorganic powder to be mixed with the resin material are determined in consideration of workability, cost, foamability, physical properties of wall covering, volume feeling of wall covering, etc. It is preferable to increase the mixing ratio of the inorganic powder having crystal water such as aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide in the sense that the fireproof performance is slightly improved as in the case of the inorganic powder mixed in 1.
[0020]
The wall covering of the present invention has a mass of organic substances (hereinafter referred to as “organic weight”) of 170 g / m in the total weight of the wall covering in order to ensure the intended fire prevention performance. 2 Must be set to: Organic mass is 170 g / m 2 Exceeding the value will cause the total calorific value to exceed the standard value in the exothermic test stipulated by the Building Standards Act. For this reason, the organic mass of the resin layer 2 constituting the wall covering is set to an upper limit 170 g / m of the organic mass of the wall covering. 2 To lower limit of organic mass of backing paper 1 32.5 g / m 2 Reduced mass 137.5 g / m 2 It is necessary to set the following. In addition, in order to laminate | stack the pattern and synthetic resin film layer 4 on the resin layer 2 as needed as mentioned later, the organic mass of the resin layer 2 in this case is the pattern or the synthetic resin film layer 4. It is necessary to set the mass below the mass obtained by reducing the organic mass.
[0021]
The pattern formed on the resin layer 2 is appropriately selected from printing ink (non-foamable ink) and / or foamable ink mainly composed of an aqueous emulsion resin, foamable ink principally composed of vinyl chloride paste resin, and the like. Can be formed by a gravure printing method, a screen printing method, a flexographic printing method, or the like.
[0022]
The synthetic resin film layer 4 is intended to impart antifouling performance to the wall covering material of the present invention. Examples of the synthetic resin film used for the synthetic resin film layer 4 include an acrylic film, a polyester film, a polyethylene film, and an ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymer film, and are laminated on the resin layer 2 through thermal bonding or an adhesive. Is done. In addition, when forming a pattern on the resin layer 2, it is preferable to laminate | stack the synthetic resin film layer 4, after forming a pattern with non-foamable ink.
[0023]
The concavo-convex pattern 3 of the wall covering in the present invention is obtained by applying the foamable ink as described above in a pattern pattern on the backing paper 1 or the resin layer 2 laminated on the backing paper 1, A method of heating and foaming by infrared irradiation or the like, a resin layer 2 formed on the backing paper 1 is coated and dried in a pattern pattern using a foam suppression ink, and then a resin layer other than the pattern pattern by hot air or infrared irradiation Embossing method in which the resin layer 2 laminated on the backing paper 1 is heated and melted or heated and foamed by hot air or infrared irradiation, and then the embossing roll is pressed against the surface side of the resin layer 2 Etc. are formed. When the synthetic resin film layer 4 is laminated, the synthetic resin film 4 is laminated on the resin layer 2 and then heated and melted or heated by hot air or infrared irradiation to form the uneven pattern 3 using an embossing roll. Alternatively, after the resin layer 2 is heated and melted or heated and foamed by hot air or infrared irradiation, the synthetic resin film 4 and the uneven pattern 3 may be simultaneously formed using an embossing roll.
[0024]
The wall covering material of the present invention may be used as a wall covering material having a smooth surface. For example, in a clean room or the like, a wall covering material that is called a dustproof wallpaper and has a smooth surface with antistatic performance is used. Since the clean room dislikes dust, the uneven pattern on which dust tends to accumulate is not preferable and is required to be smooth.
[0025]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0026]
[Example 1]
After the NBKP is disaggregated, it is beaten to 300 mlcsf by a conventional method, and calcined kaolin (manufactured by Engelhard, trade name: ANSILEX), which is pulverized and adjusted to an average particle diameter of 1 μm as an inorganic powder, has a backing paper content of 40% by mass And 0.5% by mass of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin (Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name: Arafix 100) as a wet paper strength enhancer, and cationic polyacrylamide (Hakuto Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a yield improver. ), Trade name: Polymaster R-623) is 0.005% by mass, and further, an alkyl ketene dimer (trade name: CS-280, manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd.) is 0.25% by mass as a neutral sizing agent. A stock was prepared by addition. This stock is made with a long paper machine and has a basis weight of 70 g / m. 2 I got the backing paper for wallpaper.
[0027]
[Example 2]
After NBKP is disaggregated, it is beaten to 300 mlcsf by a conventional method, and aluminum hydroxide (manufactured by Showa Denko Co., Ltd., trade name: Hygielite H-42, average particle size: 1 μm) is used as the inorganic powder. A paper stock was prepared by adding pulp papermaking chemicals and a yield improver in the same manner as in Example 1. This stock is made with a long paper machine and has a basis weight of 70 g / m. 2 I got the backing paper for wallpaper.
[0028]
[Example 3]
On the surface of the backing paper for wallpaper obtained in Example 1, the resin composition represented by the resin composition 1 in Table 1 has an organic mass of 123 g / m. 2 The resin layer is laminated by coating so that the thickness of the resin layer is 130 μm and the total organic mass is 165 g / m. 2 The wall covering material sheet was obtained.
[0029]
Next, after forming a pattern on the wall covering material sheet by gravure printing using water-based ink, foaming and embossing are simultaneously performed with a foam embossing machine equipped with an infrared irradiation device, and the structure shown in FIG. A wall covering material having a thickness of 0.70 mm was obtained.
[0030]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004043983
[0031]
[Example 4]
On the surface of the backing paper for wallpaper obtained in Example 2, the resin composition represented by the resin composition 1 in Table 1 has an organic mass of 123 g / m. 2 The resin layer is laminated by coating so that the thickness of the resin layer is 130 μm and the total organic mass is 165 g / m. 2 The wall covering material sheet was obtained.
[0032]
Next, after a pattern was formed on the wall covering material sheet by gravure printing using water-based ink, foaming and embossing were simultaneously performed in the same manner as in Example 3, and the thickness of the structure shown in FIG. A wall covering of 70 mm was obtained.
[0033]
[Example 5]
On the surface of the backing paper for wallpaper obtained in Example 1, the resin composition represented by the resin composition 2 in Table 2 has an organic mass of 123 g / m. 2 A sheet is formed by a calender molding method so that a resin layer is laminated. 2 The wall covering material sheet was obtained.
[0034]
Next, after a pattern was formed on the wall covering material sheet by gravure printing using water-based ink, foaming and embossing were simultaneously performed in the same manner as in Example 3, and the thickness of the structure shown in FIG. An 80 mm wall covering was obtained.
[0035]
[Example 6]
On the surface of the backing paper for wallpaper obtained in Example 1, the resin composition represented by the resin composition 1 in Table 1 has an organic mass of 108 g / m. 2 The resin layer is applied by coating so that the thickness of the resin layer is 112 μm and the total organic mass is 150 g / m. 2 The wall covering material sheet was obtained.
[0036]
Next, a pattern is formed on the wall covering material sheet by gravure printing using water-based ink, and further a synthetic resin film having a thickness of 12 μm and a mass of 15 g / m. 2 An ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer film with an adhesive (made by Kuraray Co., Ltd., trade name: EVAL) is laminated by thermal bonding, and the total organic mass is 165 g / m. 2 A wall covering material raw sheet with a synthetic resin film was obtained. This wall covering material sheet was foamed and embossed simultaneously in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a wall covering having a thickness of 0.55 mm having the configuration shown in FIG.
[0037]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004043983
[0038]
[Comparative Example 1]
The basis weight is 50 g / m in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the basis weight of the wallpaper backing paper is changed. 2 I got the backing paper for wallpaper.
[0039]
[Comparative Example 2]
After the NBKP was disaggregated, it was beaten to 300 mlcsf by a conventional method, and calcined kaolin (trade name: ANSILEX) adjusted to be pulverized to an average particle diameter of 1 μm as an inorganic powder was added so as to have a content of 60% by weight in the backing paper, and wet. Polyamide epichlorohydrin resin (trade name: Arafix 100) as a paper strength enhancer is 1.0 mass%, cationic polyacrylamide (trade name: Polymaster R-623) is 0.01 mass% as a yield improver, and Alkylketene dimer (trade name: CS-280) was added as a neutral sizing agent in an amount of 0.5% by mass to prepare a paper stock. This stock is made with a long paper machine and has a basis weight of 70 g / m. 2 I got the backing paper for wallpaper.
[0040]
[Comparative Example 3]
After the NBKP is disaggregated, it is beaten to 300 mlcsf by a conventional method, and calcined kaolin (trade name: ANSILEX) adjusted to be pulverized to an average particle size of 1 μm as an inorganic powder is added so that the content in the backing paper is 10% by mass, and wetted. 0.5% by mass of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin (trade name: Arafix 100) as a paper strength enhancer, 0.005% by mass of cationic polyacrylamide (trade name: Polymaster R-623) as a yield improver, and As a neutral sizing agent, 0.25% by mass of alkyl ketene dimer (trade name: CS-280) was added to prepare a paper stock. This stock is made with a long paper machine and has a basis weight of 70 g / m. 2 I got the backing paper for wallpaper.
[0041]
On the surface of the backing paper for wallpaper, a resin composition represented by resin composition 1 in Table 1 has an organic mass of 102 g / m. 2 The resin layer is applied by coating so that the thickness of the resin layer is 107 μm and the total organic mass is 165 g / m. 2 The wall covering material sheet was obtained.
[0042]
A pattern was formed on this wall covering material sheet in the same manner as in Example 3, and foaming and embossing were simultaneously performed to obtain a wall covering having a thickness of 0.48 mm as shown in FIG.
[0043]
[Comparative Example 4]
A basis weight of 100 g / m as in Example 1 except that the basis weight of the backing paper for wallpaper was changed. 2 I got the backing paper for wallpaper.
[0044]
On the surface of the backing paper for wallpaper, a resin composition represented by resin composition 1 in Table 1 has an organic mass of 105 g / m. 2 The resin layer is applied by coating so that the thickness of the resin layer is 110 μm and the total organic mass is 165 g / m. 2 The wall covering material sheet was obtained.
[0045]
A pattern was formed on this wall covering material sheet in the same manner as in Example 3, and foaming and embossing were simultaneously performed to obtain a wall covering having a thickness of 0.56 mm as shown in FIG.
[0046]
[Comparative Example 5]
On the surface of the backing paper for wallpaper obtained in Example 1, the resin composition represented by the resin composition 1 in Table 1 was used, and the mass of the organic substance was 138 g / m. 2 The resin layer is applied by coating so that the thickness of the resin layer is 146 μm and the total organic mass is 180 g / m. 2 The wall covering material sheet was obtained.
[0047]
A pattern was formed on this wall covering material sheet in the same manner as in Example 3, and foaming and embossing were simultaneously performed to obtain a wall covering having a thickness of 0.75 mm as shown in FIG.
[0048]
[Comparative Example 6]
Organic content 20% by mass, basis weight 150g / m, which was specified in the general certification before the revision of the Building Standards Act 2 On the non-combustible paper (inorganic paper: containing 80% by mass of aluminum hydroxide), the resin composition shown by the resin composition 1 in Table 1 is used, and the mass of the organic substance is 80 g / m. 2 The resin layer was laminated | stacked by apply | coating by the coating method so that the mass of a resin composition might be 49% or less of wall covering material mass below, and the wall covering material raw material sheet was obtained. The thickness of the resin layer at this time is 85 μm, and the total organic mass is 110 g / m. 2 Met.
[0049]
A pattern was formed on the wall covering material sheet in the same manner as in Example 3, and foaming and embossing were simultaneously performed to obtain a wall covering having a thickness of 0.40 mm having the same configuration as a commercially available inorganic wallpaper.
[0050]
About the backing paper or wall covering for wallpaper obtained in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, the strength of the backing paper, the concealment property of the backing paper, the size of the backing paper, the texture of the backing paper, the backing paper Cost, wall volume feeling, wall covering workability, wall covering fire resistance, wall covering antifouling property were evaluated according to the following test methods and evaluation criteria.
[0051]
(Test method and evaluation criteria)
1. Backing paper strength
Tensile strength and tear strength were measured according to JIS P-8113 and P-8116, and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
○: Can be used sufficiently as backing paper for wall coverings.
Δ: Slightly insufficient for use as backing paper for wall covering.
X: Cannot be used as backing paper for wall coverings.
[0052]
2. Concealment of backing paper
The opacity was measured according to JIS P-8113 and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
○: Can be used sufficiently as a backing paper for wall coverings.
Δ: Slightly insufficient for use as a backing paper for wall covering.
X: Cannot be used as a backing paper for wall coverings.
[0053]
3. Size of backing paper
The degree of size was measured according to JIS P-8122 and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
○: Can be used sufficiently as a backing paper for wall coverings.
Δ: Slightly insufficient for use as a backing paper for wall covering.
X: Cannot be used as a backing paper for wall coverings.
[0054]
4). Texture of backing paper
A vinyl chloride paste paint was applied to the surface of the backing paper, a water-based ink was applied to the dried wall covering material sheet with a gravure printing machine, and the printability was visually evaluated.
○: Printability is good.
Δ: Slightly poor printability
X: Printability is poor.
[0055]
5. Cost of backing paper
Commercially difficult-to-twist paper for vinyl wallpaper (basis weight: 70 g / m 2 ) And cost.
A: Slightly cheaper than flame retardant paper.
○: Cost is almost the same as that of flame-retardant paper.
X: Slightly higher than flame retardant paper.
[0056]
6). The volume of wall covering
The thickness of the wall covering was measured using a thickness gauge, and the volume feeling of the wall covering was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
A: The thickness of the wall covering was 0.65 mm or more.
(Triangle | delta): The thickness of wall covering material was 0.50 mm or more and less than 0.65 mm.
X: The thickness of the wall covering was less than 0.50 mm.
[0057]
7). Fire protection performance of wall coverings
Based on the provisions of Article 68-26, Paragraph 1 of the Building Standards Act, in order to confirm whether it complies with the provisions of Article 2, Item 9 of the Act and Article 108-2 (Non-combustible materials) of the Act. The designated test (exothermic test with a corn calorimeter based on ISO 5660 part 1) was conducted and evaluated based on the following criteria. In the test, an incombustible gypsum board (manufactured by Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 12.5 mm, which is most difficult to perform as compared with other incombustible substrates, was used as the incombustible substrate.
<Criteria>
(1) The total calorific value for 20 minutes after the start of heating is 8 MJ / m 2 The following.
(2) Maximum heat generation rate continues for 10 seconds or more for 20 minutes after the start of heating, 200 kW / m 2 Do not exceed.
<Evaluation criteria>
A: The total heat generation amount and the maximum heat generation rate were compatible (passed).
○: The total heat generation amount and the maximum heat generation rate were compatible, but either the total heat generation amount or the maximum heat generation rate was slightly higher (pass).
(Triangle | delta): Although the maximum heat generation rate was suitable, the total calorific value was nonconformity (failed).
X: Both the total calorific value and the maximum heat generation rate were incompatible (failed).
[0058]
8). Workability of wall covering
In-house tests evaluated the non-land coverability and curl state during construction according to the following evaluation criteria.
{Circle around (1)} Non-land concealment test: Adhesive tape cut into a circle having a thickness of 0.1 mm and a diameter of 3 cm is pasted on a base to make a substrate for non-land concealment test. A wall covering material is pasted on this base material and allowed to stand for 24 hours, and then the mark of the adhesive tape is visually observed and evaluated.
{Circle around (2)} Curl test: Using a construction paste having a concentration 50% lower than usual, applying it to the wall covering in an amount 20% less than usual and leaving it for 30 minutes (open time 30 minutes). Thereafter, a wall covering material is attached to the base, and the curled state is visually observed for 24 hours for evaluation.
<Evaluation criteria>
◯: Both the non-land covering property and the curled state were good.
(Triangle | delta): Either the non-land covering property or a curl state was bad.
X: Both the non-land covering property and the curled state were bad.
[0059]
9. Antifouling properties of wall coverings
Tests were conducted based on the “Stain Prevention Product Performance Labeling Regulations” established by the Japan Vinyl Industry Association and the Vinyl Building Division, and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
A: Antifouling performance met the standard for all contaminants.
○: Some contaminants did not meet the standards for antifouling performance (performance equivalent to general vinyl wallpaper).
X: Antifouling performance did not satisfy the standard for all contaminants.
[0060]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004043983
[0061]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004043983
[0062]
As for the backing paper, as shown in Table 3, Examples 1 and 2 which are backing paper for wallpaper used in Examples 3 to 6 of the present invention are excellent in strength, concealment, sizing degree and texture. It was satisfactory. On the other hand, Comparative Example 1, which is a backing paper in which only the basis weight is reduced under the conditions of Example 1, is a comparative example in which the strength, concealability, and texture are inferior and the content of inorganic substances is increased. No. 2 was inferior in strength, sizing degree and texture. Moreover, the backing paper which increased the basic weight used in the comparative example 4 was a result which became expensive.
[0063]
As for the wall coverings, as shown in Table 3, the wall coverings of Examples 3 to 5 were all satisfactory in terms of volume feeling, fire prevention performance and workability. About antifouling property, it was equivalent to general vinyl wallpaper. Example 6 laminated with a synthetic resin film is also excellent in fireproofing performance and workability. Although the volume feeling is slightly reduced, the antifouling property is greatly improved.
On the other hand, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 having a large organic mass in the backing paper are inferior in volume feeling of the wall covering because the resin layer to be laminated becomes thin, and Comparative Example 5 in which the total organic mass of the wall covering is increased. Was the result of poor fireproof performance and failure. For reference, Comparative Example 6 in which a commercially available inorganic wallpaper was evaluated has a high cost of non-combustible paper, and when used as a wall covering, the volume feeling and workability were inferior.
[0064]
Table 4 shows the measured value (average value) of the total calorific value and the maximum heat generation rate, which are test items of the exothermic test, in order to compare the fireproof performance of the wall coverings. From this, the total calorific value and the maximum heat generation rate were slightly lower in Example 4 in which the inorganic substance in the backing paper was changed from the calcined kaolin of Example 3 to aluminum hydroxide having crystal water. Furthermore, the comparative example 6 using the non-combustible paper in which aluminum hydroxide was increased was similarly low, and the effect on the total calorific value was seen especially in the effect contribution ratio to the acceptable value. Further, when comparing the numerical values of Example 5 in which the resin material of the resin layer laminated on the base paper was changed from the vinyl chloride resin of Example 3 to the ethylene / α-olefin copolymer (olefin resin), the total calorific value was compared. There is little difference between the two, and it can be seen that although there is a large difference in the maximum heat generation rate, there is still enough room to fail. Furthermore, although the comparative example 5 which increased the organic substance is rejected by the total calorific value, the maximum heat generation rate is lower than the example 5 which changed the resin material. This indicates that in the exothermic test stipulated by the Building Standard Law, the total calorific value is affected by the total mass, not the type of organic substance, and the maximum heat generation rate is affected by the type of organic substance. That is, the present example and the comparative example showed that the fire performance of the wall covering was mainly limited by the total mass of the organic material.
[0065]
【The invention's effect】
As detailed above, the wall covering of the present invention sets the basis weight of the backing paper for wallpaper and the content of inorganic substances within a certain range, and further sets the upper limit of the total organic mass in the wall covering. By doing so, it can eliminate the disadvantages of conventional inorganic wallpaper, that is, high cost, no volume, and poor workability, and fire prevention of all nonflammable substrates including nonflammable gypsum board Can bring performance.
[0066]
Furthermore, the antifouling property of the wall covering can be improved by laminating a synthetic resin film as required.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a wall covering material of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the wall covering material of the present invention on which a synthetic resin film is laminated.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Backing paper for wallpaper
2: Resin layer
3: Uneven pattern
4: Synthetic resin film

Claims (6)

内添された無機物質の含有率が30〜50質量%であり、坪量が65〜90g/mである壁紙用裏打紙に樹脂層を積層してなる壁装材であって、前記壁装材中の有機物質の質量が170g/m以下であることを特徴とする表面が平滑な、あるいは凹凸模様を有する壁装材。A wall covering formed by laminating a resin layer on a backing paper for wallpaper having a content of an internally added inorganic substance of 30 to 50% by mass and a basis weight of 65 to 90 g / m 2 , A wall covering material having a smooth surface or a concavo-convex pattern, wherein a mass of an organic substance in the covering material is 170 g / m 2 or less. 前記無機物質が、結晶水または構造水を含む無機物質であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の壁装材。The wall covering material according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic substance is an inorganic substance containing crystal water or structural water. 前記壁紙用裏打紙に積層された樹脂層が、塩化ビニル樹脂またはオレフィン系樹脂からなることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の壁装材。The wall covering material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the resin layer laminated on the wallpaper backing paper is made of a vinyl chloride resin or an olefin resin. 前記樹脂層の表面に、印刷加工により絵柄模様が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の壁装材。The wall covering material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a pattern is formed on the surface of the resin layer by printing. 前記樹脂層の表面に、合成樹脂フィルム層が積層されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の壁装材。The wall covering material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a synthetic resin film layer is laminated on a surface of the resin layer. 前記壁紙用裏打紙は、難燃剤処理又は無機物質コート処理がなされていないものであることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の壁装材。The wall covering material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the backing paper for wallpaper is not subjected to a flame retardant treatment or an inorganic substance coating treatment.
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JP2006097192A (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-04-13 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Wall paper
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JP2015124448A (en) * 2013-12-26 2015-07-06 王子ホールディングス株式会社 Lining paper for wallpaper
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006097192A (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-04-13 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Wall paper
JP2006200046A (en) * 2005-01-18 2006-08-03 Toppan Printing Co Ltd Wallpaper
JP2006200047A (en) * 2005-01-18 2006-08-03 Toppan Printing Co Ltd Wallpaper
JP2008018710A (en) * 2006-06-16 2008-01-31 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd Damping material for ship and damping structure
WO2008096489A1 (en) * 2007-02-09 2008-08-14 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Vibration damping material and vibration damping structure
JP2011122293A (en) * 2011-02-09 2011-06-23 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Wallpaper
JP2015124448A (en) * 2013-12-26 2015-07-06 王子ホールディングス株式会社 Lining paper for wallpaper
JP2017071884A (en) * 2015-10-09 2017-04-13 凸版印刷株式会社 wallpaper
FR3044691A1 (en) * 2015-12-07 2017-06-09 Sarl Simon (Cepi) METHOD FOR RECOVERING A WHITE ROOM, PLASTIC FILM OF THE METHOD AND PANEL OF SUCH A FILM
JP2017155387A (en) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-07 凸版印刷株式会社 Foamed wallpaper and method for producing foamed wallpaper
JP2017166081A (en) * 2016-03-15 2017-09-21 凸版印刷株式会社 Foamed wallpaper and method for manufacturing foamed wallpaper
JP2018202661A (en) * 2017-05-31 2018-12-27 凸版印刷株式会社 Wood grain design wallpaper
JP7027703B2 (en) 2017-05-31 2022-03-02 凸版印刷株式会社 Wood grain design wallpaper
JP2019123193A (en) * 2018-01-19 2019-07-25 アイカ工業株式会社 Decorative sheet having magnetic layer
CN114606781A (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-06-10 湖北工业大学 Fluorine-free wall cloth fabric coating material and preparation method and application thereof
CN114606781B (en) * 2022-02-28 2023-08-15 湖北工业大学 Fluorine-free wall cloth fabric coating material and preparation method and application thereof

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