JP2004042023A - Dioxins degradation agent and soil cleaning method using the same - Google Patents

Dioxins degradation agent and soil cleaning method using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004042023A
JP2004042023A JP2003117336A JP2003117336A JP2004042023A JP 2004042023 A JP2004042023 A JP 2004042023A JP 2003117336 A JP2003117336 A JP 2003117336A JP 2003117336 A JP2003117336 A JP 2003117336A JP 2004042023 A JP2004042023 A JP 2004042023A
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soil
dioxin
dioxins
decomposing agent
bark compost
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JP2003117336A
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Inventor
Sanrou Tachibana
橘 燦郎
Eri Aisaka
逢阪 江理
Makoto Futagami
二神 真
Kyoichi Shudo
首藤 喬一
Takaaki Suzuki
鈴木 貴明
Koki Mori
毛利 幸喜
Yoshiyuki Nibu
丹生 由幸
Yoshimi Shiroyama
城山 義視
Hajime Nakanishi
中西 一
Mikio Kamiyama
神山 幹雄
Shunichi Suzuki
鈴木 俊一
Kenji Yoshinari
吉成 賢治
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EHIME PREFECTURE NOGYO KYODO KUMIAI RENGOKAI
TEISHO SERVICE KK
Iseki and Co Ltd
Iseki Agricultural Machinery Mfg Co Ltd
Ehime Prefecture
Original Assignee
EHIME PREFECTURE NOGYO KYODO KUMIAI RENGOKAI
TEISHO SERVICE KK
Iseki and Co Ltd
Iseki Agricultural Machinery Mfg Co Ltd
Ehime Prefecture
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Priority to JP2003117336A priority Critical patent/JP2004042023A/en
Publication of JP2004042023A publication Critical patent/JP2004042023A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/78Recycling of wood or furniture waste

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  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dioxins degradation agent and a soil cleaning method using the same which can effectively degrade dioxins dispersed in soil by taking advantage of an environment hormone degradation ability of microorganisms. <P>SOLUTION: The dioxins degradation agent is prepared by culturing bark compost, prepared by adding a proper amount of a nutrient source to white decaying fungi having a high level of a dioxins degradation ability, or a mixture of the bark compost with wood flour. In the soil cleaning method, the fungi bed is regulated to a particle diameter of 3 to 15 mm, and the particles are plowed into soil to degrade dioxins contained in the soil. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ダイオキシン分解能を有する白色腐朽菌を用いて、土壌に分散されたダイオキシン類を効果的に分解することができるダイオキシン類分解剤に関する。また、土壌中に粒状の分解剤を鋤き込むことにより、効果的に土壌浄化することができる土壌浄化方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、廃棄物焼却施設において生成されるダイオキシンが社会的問題となっている。このダイオキシンは、焼却灰や排ガス或いは飛散灰中に存在し、飛散灰は近くの地上に落下する。また排ガスは、より遠くへ気流に乗って放散され、やがて近隣の土壌へ落下する。こうして土壌中に含有されることとなったダイオキシンは、川に流れ、魚介類に蓄積され、やがて人体に蓄積されることになる。それに伴う発ガン性や偏奇形性が、大きな社会問題として懸念されるところである。
【0003】
ダイオキシンは、有機塩素化合物の一種で、2個のベンゼン環が1個又は2個の酸素原子によって結び付けられた骨格構造を持つジベンゾフラン又はシベンゾ−P−ダイオキシンの総称で、塩素原子の置換のされ方によって、理論的には夫々135種類及び75種類の異性体が存在するとされる。毒性は、塩素の置換位置と数により大きく変化し、中でも2,3,7,8−テトラクロロジベンゾ−P−ダイオキシンの毒性が最も高いとされている。
【0004】
これらダイオキシン類を分解除去する技術として、完全燃焼法、熱分解処理法、ペレット化焼成法、光分解法、化学的分解法、超臨界水処理法等が提案され、大型焼却炉の焼却灰の処理や煙道の排ガス処理等に利用されつつある。
【0005】
しかしながら、これら公知の技術にあっては、大型焼却炉に設置して焼却灰中のダイオキシンを処理したり、煙道中に取付けて飛散灰を少なくしたり、排ガス中のダイオキシンを少なくすることは可能とされるものの、小形焼却炉には適用できず、また既に大気中に放散され土壌中に拡散されてしまったダイオキシンに対しては、全く無力であった。
【0006】
一方、土壌中に拡散されたダイオキシンの分解除去は、微生物の応用によってのみ解決されることが期待されるところである。そこで、愛媛大学農学部生物資源学科森林資源利用化学研究室等では、ダイオキシン分解能の有る微生物を緊急研究し、既に特開平11−341978号公報や特開2001−161349号公報で、ダイオキシン分解能の高い新規微生物を得て公表している。特開平11−341978号公報では、フザリウム・アベナセウム(コルダ:フライズ)サッカルド65菌株と、フザリウム・アベナセウム(コルダ:フライズ)サッカルドPC×65菌株と、カワタケ属267菌株と、カワタケ属PC×267菌株と、コウヤタケ科(特にカワタケ属)に属する微生物が紹介されている。特開2001−161349号公報では、ヒラタケ科ヒラタケ属に属するヒラタケ1又はヒラタケ2と、タコウキン科シュタケ属に属するヒイロタケ1が紹介されている。
【0007】
かくして見出されたダイオキシン分解能を有する微生物は、その生息環境を適切とし、ダイオキシンを分解できる条件下に適合させたとき、はじめて効果的なダイオキシン分解能を発揮できるものである。従って、これらを適切な条件下で培養し、適切手法をもってこれを農地等の土壌中に与えるとき、効果的に土壌中のダイオキシンを分解可能である。
【0008】
しかしながら、これら微生物がダイオキシンを分解できる温度、湿度、光、PH等々の諸条件は、実験室的には、比較的明瞭化されているが、農地や工場跡地等における自然環境下では、その整合性が不明瞭であり、ただ単に農地に散布さえすれば良いというものでは無い。これら微生物のダイオキシン分解能を余す所なく発揮させるためには、土壌、農家の実情、環境等の諸条件に適合化させる技術の確立が必要であった。例えば、従来微生物の培養には、木粉たるオガクズや籾殻、或いは廃菌床が適切と言われている。しかし、これらは、多量のリグニンを含み、これのみを農地に混ぜることは禁物である。その許容量の研究が必要なところである。一方で、農地の種別や工場跡地の処理等では、木粉使用の許容量を大とすることができる場合もある。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記従来技術に鑑みて、既に研究開発されたダイオキシン分解能を有する微生物、即ち白色腐朽菌の応用として、その最適形態を研究し、土壌、農家の実情、環境等の諸条件に適合して土壌中のダイオキシンを効果的に分解除去できるダイオキシン類分解剤を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
また、かくして得られたダイオキシン類分解剤を土壌特に農地や工場跡地等に適切、容易に施して、土壌中のダイオキシンを効果的に分解除去し、土壌浄化できる効果的、かつ効率的な土壌浄化方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するための本発明は、菌床基材でダイオキシン類分解能を有する白色腐朽菌を培養し、培養された菌床を砕いて得られる粒状化物をダイオキシン類分解剤とし、これをダイオキシン類で汚染された土壌中に鋤き込んで土壌浄化することとしたダイオキシン類分解剤であって、前記基材を滅菌されたバーク堆肥とし、これに前記白色腐朽菌を菌床中で繁殖させるのに必要な基準量α1と前記土壌中で繁殖するのに必要な追加量α2との和α1+α2の量の栄養源を加え、前記白色腐朽菌が前記基準量α1を消費して前記菌床中で菌糸蔓延した状態で得たことを特徴とする。白色腐朽菌としては、フザリウム・アベナセウム(コルダ:フライズ)サッカルドPC×65菌株、カワタケ属267菌株、カワタケ属PC×267菌株、コウヤクタケ科に属する微生物、カワタケ属コウヤタケ科に属する微生物、ヒラタケ科ヒラタケ属に属するヒラタケ1又はヒラタケ2、タコウキン科シュタケ属に属するヒイロタケ1等ダイオキシン分解能が高いことを実証されたもの等を用いることができる。
【0012】
バーク堆肥は、松、杉、その他の樹木(桧を除く)の表皮に鶏糞等の栄養源を加えて、木材腐朽菌により発酵させて製造した堆肥である。本発明のダイオキシン類分解剤では、滅菌ないし殺菌されたバーク堆肥を基材とするので、これを農地に与えても、何ら問題がない。宅地であっても、バーク堆肥は1年もすると分解、放散するので、土地の陥落等の問題が無い。
【0013】
また、前記菌床基材として、バーク堆肥と木紛との混合物を用いると、植物の成長が多少阻害されるけれども、ダイオキシン類の分解能力が向上する。この場合のバーク堆肥と木紛との重量混合比率は5〜8:5〜2とするのが好ましい。この木紛の混合比率が前記混合比率よりも少ないと、ダイオキシン類の分解能力の向上効果が小さいし、逆に前記混合比率よりも多くなると、植物の成長阻害が大きくなって好ましくない。これら混合比は、用途に応じて定めれば良い。
【0014】
前記栄養源としては、鉄、マグネシウム、銅、又は亜鉛等の金属イオン等の活性化物質に米糠又は及び小麦ふすま等を含める。量は、菌床中で繁殖させるのに必要な基準量α1と、土壌中に 鋤き込んだ後、即活性して繁殖するのに必要な追加量α2の和α1+α2とする。追加量α2とは別に土壌粒子間でさらに蔓延させるのに必要な栄養源を土壌中に散布することもある。栄養源が多すぎると、その間菌は環境ホルモンを分解しなくなることが懸念されるので、その量は繁殖に必要なだけの量に制限される。分解剤は、3〜15mmに粉砕して利用することができる。又は、直径3〜15mmの顆粒やペレットに形成して、ダイオキシン類分解剤とすることができる。顆粒化のため、必要に応じて利用される粘結剤としては、保水性、栄養体の一部としての利用、堆肥としての利用等の関係からでんぷんその他の有機糊剤を用いることができる。量は、土壌中に位置させるまでの間のみ保形すれば良いので、繋ぎ剤として最小量とする。
【0015】
分解剤の粒径を最終3〜15mmとして土壌に与える点は重要である。図1に示すように、菌糸は、25℃、10日間の実験値にて、平均直径5mmでピークを示し、15mmを超すと成長が悪化する。また、直径を余り大きくすると、土壌中の1グラム当りの接触能が悪くなる。これらの観点から、分解剤の実質的直径は3〜15mm、好ましくは3〜8mm、より好ましくは3〜6mmとするのが適切である。
【0016】
本発明の土壌浄化方法では、直径3〜15mmとしたダイオキシン類分解剤を土壌中に鋤き込み、鋤き込まれた分解剤中の微生物を活性化させて土壌中のダイオキシンを分解し、1ヶ月以上、3〜6ヶ月の期間をかけて土壌浄化する。
【0017】
前記ダイオキシン類分解剤に、白色腐朽菌から発生した酵素を抽出した粗酵素液や、この粗酵素液を固定化した酵素を混合して土壌中に鋤き込むと、ダイオキシン類で高濃度に汚染された土壌をより早期に浄化することが可能となる。
【0018】
本発明のダイオキシン類分解剤は、菌床基材としてバーク堆肥、又はバーク堆肥と木粉との混合物としたものである。従って、バーク堆肥のみを基材とするもの(以下、A種と称す)と、バーク堆肥と木粉との混合物を基材とするもの(以下、B種と称す)の単独又は組合せの適用により、各種場合に応じて効果的、効率的にダイオキシン類を分解することができる。農地等に鋤き込まれた分解剤中の微生物は、分解剤の中で生息し、菌糸を次第に外へ広げて行き、ダイオキシン類を効果的に分解することができる。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
まず、ダイオキシン分解剤の製造方法について示す。A種、B種共にバーク堆肥又は木粉に熱を加えて滅菌し、これに前述量α1+α2の栄養源を加えて後、白色腐朽菌を与え、菌床を作る。その後、水分、空気、温度、湿度、紫外線遮断等の条件を整え、繁殖促進ファクターを整えて、菌糸が伸び、全体が白色を帯びる状態まで育成を続ける。全体が白色を帯びると、この固形物をダイオキシン類分解剤とし、これを3〜15mmに砕いて使用させる。又は、これを砕き、3〜15mmに粒径を整え、ダイオキシン類分解剤とする。顆粒状に形成することもできる。このダイオキシン類分解剤は、単一で、又はこれに白色腐朽菌が発生した酵素を抽出した粗酵素液やこの粗酵素液を固定化した酵素、更に熱処理されたバーク堆肥を加えて使用することもできる。
【0020】
バーク堆肥の原料としては、松、杉、ブナ材その他の雑木類の樹皮を用いることができる。抗菌作用の有る桧類は好ましく無い。樹皮中、ブナ材や樽材が良好である。一般に、きのこ栽培で使われる菌床は、リグニンが多きにすぎ、適用不可である。多少の量なら構わない、これら原料に木材腐朽菌を与え、発酵させてA種又はB種の基材を作る。これを菌床基材とすれば、農地で還元され、有機肥料として利用できる。また、農地で無く、工場跡地の処理であっても、浄化後に土壌中に基材が残ら無いので、数年後に土地が陥落する等の問題が生じることが無い。土地の陥落については十分な注意を要する。深さによっては、空気流通の関係で、木粉が何ら影響しないこともある。A種、B種そのものは、実状観察により、使い分けることができる。
【0021】
B種の場合、バーク堆肥と木紛との重量混合比率を5〜8:5〜2とする。木紛の混合重量がバーク堆肥よりも多くなると、植物の成長を阻害するので好ましくない。
【0022】
白色腐朽菌としては、例えば、ヒラタケ科ヒラタケ属に属するヒラタケ1若しくはヒラタケ2又はタコンキン科シュタケ属に属するヒイロタケ1を用いる。ここでは、これをPL1と称す。PL1を、熱処理されたバーク堆肥を主成分とし、必要に応じて木紛を混合した基材製の菌床に散布し、繁殖促進ファクター環境下に置き、PL1によるダイオキシン類分解剤を得ることができる。
【0023】
栄養源としては、添加する白色腐朽菌の種別にもよるが、活性化のためのFe,Mg,Cu,Zn等の金属イオンを十分に与え、土壌に混ぜた後も菌が更に繁殖するよう、熱処理されたバーク堆肥、鶏粉、米糠、小麦ふすま等の混合物を加える。
【0024】
栄養源が多すぎると、菌は環境ホルモンを分解しないことが懸念されることから混合率の最適範囲が定められる。即ち、ダイオキシン類分解剤の速効性を得るためには、栄養源はほとんど与えない方が良い。しかし、農地に鋤き込んでから、菌系を追加投入した栄養源まで増殖させ、その後の環境ホルモン分解能を期待する場合には、基材の数倍量までが配合可能となる。そのバランスが大切である。栄養源は、菌を生息するのに必要な基本量α1と、これを田畑において増殖させるのに必要な量α2とで定める。前者は基剤の10〜100%、後者はその100〜500%程度とする。
【0025】
粒径は、図1で示した理由により3〜8mmが適切である。バーク堆肥を一度細粒化し、これにでんぷん等の糊剤を加えて固形化し、それを砕いて正確に粒径を定めることもできる。
【0026】
また、この粒状化したダイオキシン類分解剤に、白色腐朽菌が発生した酵素を抽出した粗酵素液やこの粗酵素液を固定化した酵素製剤を混合すると、ダイオキシン類で高濃度に汚染された土壌をより早期に浄化することが可能となる。
【0027】
(実施例1)ダイオキシン類分解剤の粒径と土壌中での菌糸の生育関係についての実施例を図1に示した。図示の通り、成長は、粒径5mmで最大となり、15mm以上となるとその成長が阻害される。これらのことから粒径は、3〜15mm、好ましくは3〜8mm、より好ましくは3〜6mmとされる。
【0028】
(実施例2)次に、実施例1で使用したPL1の菌床を3〜8mmの粒径に砕いた後、ダイオキシン2,8DCDDを1ppm含む土壌に、菌体換算で1.4%、2.8%、7%割合で混合して、60日間放置した。
【0029】
図2は、土壌2へのダイオキシン類分解剤3の鋤き込み状況を示す。図3は、土壌中への分解剤の添加量に対するダイオキシン類分解率(TEQ%)を示す。図4は、添加量を7%としたときの日数に対する分解率を示す。
【0030】
図3に示すように、土壌に対する添加量は、3%、5%、7%と、多いほど効果的であるが、実用的には、3〜5%量が有効である。また、図4に示すように、放置日数については、30日以上で効果が出、60日以上続けて持続する。また、日平均気温が17℃以下のとき、菌糸の伸びが良いことが確認されている。PL1は、他の菌類に対し、耐低温性が強く、他の雑菌類を凌いで繁殖する故である。この点、気温の低い秋から冬、春にかけて田畑に投入し、繁殖させることができるので、農地に適合し易いことを示している。土壌中で繁殖すれば、その後の繁殖において、温度差は余り関係しないことも確認されている。
【0031】
(実施例3)バーク堆肥を主成分とした菌床基材に、広葉樹の木紛を0%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%混合したものと、比較として木紛100%としたものに、栄養体として米糠10%を加えて培養した。得られた菌床を絶乾で3〜8mmの粒径に砕いた後、ダイオキシン類を103pg−TEQ/g含む土壌に菌床を菌体換算で3.0%の割合で混合し、15日後と30日後のダイオキシン類分解能力を調べた結果を図5に、また、赤玉土70%の土壌に前記の木紛配合率0%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%の粒状分解剤30%(容積比)を混合して小松菜生育状態を調べた結果を図6に示す。この結果から、バーク堆肥に対する木紛の配合率は20〜50%がよいことが判明した。図中、白抜きグラフは、15日後のダイオキシン類分解率を、黒塗りグラフは、30日後のダイオキシン類分解率を示す。
【0032】
(実施例4)ダイオキシン類分解剤の酵素活性と栄養体の効果について、バーク堆肥の菌床基材に、栄養体の種類を表1に示す如く変えて10%混合し、分解剤培養開始4週間後の酵素活性値について調べた。この結果、栄養体については米糠及び小麦ふすまの混合物が最良であることが判明した。
【0033】
【表1】

Figure 2004042023
次に、以上の如きダイオキシン類分解剤の土壌への適用方式について示す。基本的には、3〜8mmに粉砕したダイオキシン類分解剤を土壌に撒き、これをトラクター等で耕運し、鋤き込むことで実施できる。散布量は、耕運する土壌100%に対し3〜5%を目安とする。適用可能な土壌としては、田畑等の農地の他、工場跡地やその他の土地が挙げられる。
【0034】
図2に示すように、土壌2中に鋤き込まれた分解剤3は、浅部(0〜5cm)4、中間部(5〜10cm)5、深部(10〜20cm)6に位置する。各部に位置する分解剤3は、夫々の繁殖促進ファクターに応じ環境ホルモン分解能を発揮し、土壌中のダイオキシン類7を分解する。各部に位置する分解剤3の繁殖促進ファクターが夫々異なることから、一定期間、例えば1ヶ月毎に農地を鋤き直すことも効果的である。
【0035】
本発明は、以上示した実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で適宜設計的変更を行うことができ、各種態様で実施できる。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
以上の通り本発明は、特許請求の範囲に記載の通りのダイオキシン類分解剤であるので、これを土壌に鋤き込むことにより、土壌中に分散されたダイオキシン類を効果的に分解除去することができる。
【0037】
また、本発明は、上記ダイオキシン類分解剤を直径3〜15mmの粒状化物とした上で土壌中に鋤き込み、鋤き込まれた分解剤中の微生物を即活性化させ、1ヶ月以上の期間をかけて土壌浄化する土壌浄化方法であるので、例えば農地を冬季の有休期間中に浄化することができ、農地、工場跡地、公園、ゴミ処理場週辺等の各種土壌を効果的に土壌浄化することができる。
【0038】
さらに本発明は、基材をバーク堆肥のみのものと、バーク堆肥及び木粉の混合物のものとし、夫々単独で又は混合して使用できるダイオキシン類分解剤であるので、分解効果と植物育成度の兼ね合いを取りつつ適材適所の使用が可能であり、各場合に応じて効果的、効率的にダイオキシン類分解処理が可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】粒径に応じた菌糸の成長状態を示す線図である。
【図2】ダイオキシン分解剤の土壌中での分散状態を示す断面図である。
【図3】本発明の実施例に係るダイオキシン類分解剤の土壌への添加量及び効果の特性を示す特性線図である。
【図4】本発明の実施例に係るダイオキシン類分解剤の土壌添加後の放置日数に対する効果の特性を示す特性線図である。
【図5】本発明の実施例に係るもので、バーク堆肥に木紛を加えて培養した分解剤の木紛混合率に対するダイオキシン類分解効果を示す棒グラフである。
【図6】本発明の実施例に係るもので、バーク堆肥に木紛を加えて培養した分解剤の木紛混合率に対する小松菜生育効果を示す棒グラフである。
【符号の説明】
1 成長曲線
2 土壌
3 ダイオキシン類分解剤
4 浅部
5 中間部
6 深部
7 ダイオキシン類[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a dioxin-decomposing agent that can effectively decompose dioxins dispersed in soil using white rot fungi having dioxin decomposability. Further, the present invention relates to a soil purification method capable of effectively purifying the soil by plowing a granular decomposing agent into the soil.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, dioxins generated in waste incineration facilities have become a social problem. This dioxin is present in incineration ash, exhaust gas or fly ash, and the fly ash falls to a nearby ground. In addition, the exhaust gas is radiated further in the airflow, and eventually falls to nearby soil. The dioxins thus contained in the soil flow into the river, accumulate in fish and shellfish, and eventually accumulate in the human body. The associated carcinogenicity and malformation are of concern as major social issues.
[0003]
Dioxin is a type of organochlorine compound and is a general term for dibenzofuran or sibenzo-P-dioxin having a skeleton structure in which two benzene rings are linked by one or two oxygen atoms. Theoretically, there are 135 and 75 isomers, respectively. Toxicity varies greatly depending on the substitution position and the number of chlorine atoms, and among them, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin is considered to have the highest toxicity.
[0004]
As technologies for decomposing and removing these dioxins, a complete combustion method, a thermal decomposition method, a pelletizing firing method, a photolysis method, a chemical decomposition method, a supercritical water treatment method, and the like have been proposed, and the incineration ash of a large incinerator has been proposed. It is being used for treatment and flue gas treatment.
[0005]
However, according to these known techniques, it is possible to install in a large incinerator to treat dioxin in incineration ash, or to install in a flue to reduce fly ash, and to reduce dioxin in exhaust gas. However, it was not applicable to small incinerators, and it was completely ineffective against dioxins that had already been released into the air and diffused into the soil.
[0006]
On the other hand, the decomposition and removal of dioxin diffused in soil is expected to be solved only by application of microorganisms. Therefore, in the Ehime University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Bioresource Department, Forest Resource Utilization Chemistry Laboratory, etc., urgent research on microorganisms having dioxin decomposability has already been carried out, and as disclosed in JP-A-11-341978 and JP-A 2001-161349, new Microorganisms are obtained and published. JP-A-11-341978 discloses Fusarium avenaceum (Korda: Fries) Sacchard 65 strain, Fusarium avenaceum (Korda: Fries) Sacchard PC × 65 strain, Kawatake 267 strain, Kawatake PC × 267 strain. Microorganisms belonging to the family Asteraceae (especially the genus Kawatake) are introduced. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-161349 introduces Pleurotus ostreatus 1 or Pleurotus 2 belonging to the Pleurotus genus Pleurotus and Pleurotus ostreatus 1 belonging to the genus Pleurotus genus Pleurotus.
[0007]
The microorganisms having dioxin decomposability thus found can exhibit an effective dioxin decomposability only when their habitat is adjusted to appropriate conditions and dioxin can be decomposed. Therefore, when these are cultured under appropriate conditions and applied to soil such as farmland by an appropriate method, dioxin in soil can be decomposed effectively.
[0008]
However, the conditions at which these microorganisms can decompose dioxin, such as temperature, humidity, light, PH, etc., are relatively clear from a laboratory standpoint. The nature is unclear and it is not enough to simply spray on farmland. In order to make full use of the dioxin decomposability of these microorganisms, it was necessary to establish a technique for adapting to various conditions such as soil, actual conditions of farmers, and environment. For example, conventionally, wood flour sawdust and rice hulls or waste bacteria beds are said to be appropriate for culturing microorganisms. However, they contain a large amount of lignin and it is forbidden to mix it alone in farmland. A study of its tolerance is needed. On the other hand, in the case of the type of farmland, the treatment of the site of a factory, and the like, the allowable amount of use of wood flour can be increased in some cases.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above prior art, the present invention has studied the optimal form as an application of microorganisms having dioxin decomposability, i.e., white rot fungi, which have already been researched and developed, and adapted to various conditions such as soil, actual conditions of farmers, and environment. It is intended to provide a dioxin decomposer capable of effectively decomposing and removing dioxin in soil.
[0010]
In addition, the dioxin-decomposing agent thus obtained is applied to soil, especially on agricultural lands and factory sites, so that dioxins in soil can be effectively decomposed and removed, and soil can be purified effectively and efficiently. The aim is to provide a method.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is to cultivate white rot fungi having the ability to decompose dioxins on a substrate of a bacterial bed, and to use a granulated product obtained by crushing the cultured bacterial bed as a dioxin-decomposing agent, which is referred to as dioxin. A dioxin-decomposing agent that is used to clean soil by plowing into soil contaminated with germs, wherein the base material is sterilized bark compost, and the white-rot fungus is propagated in the fungus bed. A nutrient source is added in an amount of α1 + α2, which is the sum of a reference amount α1 necessary for the cultivation and an additional amount α2 necessary for propagation in the soil, and the white rot fungus consumes the reference amount α1 and And obtained in a state in which mycelia are spread. Examples of the white rot fungi include Fusarium avenaceum (Korda: Fries) Sacchard PC × 65 strain, Kawatake 267 strain, Kawatake PC × 267 strain, a microorganism belonging to the family Asteraceae, a microorganism belonging to the family Asteraceae, the genus Oysteraceae, And mushrooms belonging to the genus Oyster mushroom 1 or Oyster mushroom 2 belonging to the genus Mushrooms belonging to the genus Bamboo, etc. can be used.
[0012]
Bark compost is a compost produced by adding nutrients such as chicken manure to the epidermis of pine, cedar, and other trees (excluding cypress) and fermenting with wood rot fungi. Since the dioxin decomposing agent of the present invention uses a sterilized or sterilized bark compost as a base material, there is no problem even if it is applied to farmland. Even in residential land, bark compost decomposes and disperses in a year, so there is no problem of land fall.
[0013]
In addition, when a mixture of bark compost and wood powder is used as the base material for the fungal bed, the ability to decompose dioxins is improved although the growth of plants is somewhat inhibited. In this case, the weight mixing ratio between the bark compost and the wood powder is preferably 5 to 8: 5 to 2. If the mixing ratio of the wood powder is lower than the above mixing ratio, the effect of improving the decomposition ability of dioxins is small, and if the mixing ratio is higher than the above mixing ratio, the growth inhibition of plants is undesirably increased. These mixing ratios may be determined according to the application.
[0014]
Examples of the nutrient include activating substances such as metal ions such as iron, magnesium, copper and zinc, and rice bran or wheat bran. The amount is the sum of the reference amount α1 required for propagation in the fungus bed and the additional amount α2 required for immediate activation and propagation after plowing into the soil. Apart from the additional amount α2, nutrients necessary for further spreading between soil particles may be sprayed into the soil. If there is too much nutrients, the bacteria will not be able to degrade environmental hormones during that time, so the amount will be limited to that needed for reproduction. The decomposing agent can be used after being pulverized to 3 to 15 mm. Alternatively, it can be formed into granules or pellets having a diameter of 3 to 15 mm to obtain a dioxin decomposer. As the binder used as needed for granulation, starch and other organic pastes can be used in view of water retention, utilization as a part of nutrient body, utilization as compost, and the like. Since the amount only needs to be preserved until it is located in the soil, the amount is set to the minimum amount as a binder.
[0015]
It is important that the particle size of the decomposing agent is given to the soil with a final particle size of 3 to 15 mm. As shown in FIG. 1, the mycelium shows a peak at an average diameter of 5 mm at 25 ° C. for 10 days, and the growth worsens when it exceeds 15 mm. On the other hand, if the diameter is too large, the contact ability per gram in the soil becomes poor. From these viewpoints, it is appropriate that the substantial diameter of the decomposing agent is 3 to 15 mm, preferably 3 to 8 mm, and more preferably 3 to 6 mm.
[0016]
In the soil purification method of the present invention, a dioxin decomposing agent having a diameter of 3 to 15 mm is plowed into the soil, and microorganisms in the decomposed decomposing agent are activated to decompose dioxin in the soil. Soil purification over a period of 3 to 6 months or more.
[0017]
When the dioxin-decomposing agent is mixed with a crude enzyme solution obtained by extracting an enzyme generated from a white rot fungus or an enzyme immobilized with the crude enzyme solution and then plowed into soil, it is contaminated with dioxins at a high concentration. It is possible to purify the soil that has been removed earlier.
[0018]
The dioxin-decomposing agent of the present invention is a bark compost or a mixture of bark compost and wood flour as a substrate for a bacterial bed. Therefore, the application of a single material or a combination of a material based on bark compost alone (hereinafter referred to as a type A) and a material based on a mixture of bark compost and wood flour (hereinafter referred to as a type B) The dioxins can be effectively and efficiently decomposed according to various cases. Microorganisms in the decomposing agent that have been plowed into farmland or the like can inhabit the decomposing agent, gradually spread hyphae, and effectively decompose dioxins.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
First, a method for producing a dioxin decomposer will be described. Both types A and B are sterilized by applying heat to bark compost or wood flour, and after adding nutrients in the above-mentioned amount α1 + α2, white rot fungi are given to form a bacterial bed. After that, conditions such as moisture, air, temperature, humidity, and blocking of ultraviolet rays are adjusted, a growth promoting factor is adjusted, and the growth is continued until the hyphae grows and the whole becomes white. When the whole is white, this solid is used as a dioxin decomposer, which is crushed to 3 to 15 mm for use. Alternatively, this is crushed and the particle size is adjusted to 3 to 15 mm to obtain a dioxin decomposer. It can also be formed into granules. This dioxin decomposer may be used alone or in combination with a crude enzyme solution obtained by extracting the enzyme produced by white rot fungus, an enzyme immobilized with the crude enzyme solution, and a heat-treated bark compost. You can also.
[0020]
Barks of pine, cedar, beechwood and other miscellaneous trees can be used as a raw material for bark compost. Cypresses having an antibacterial action are not preferred. In the bark, beech wood and barrel wood are good. In general, fungal beds used in mushroom cultivation have too much lignin and are not applicable. Wood rot fungi are given to these raw materials and fermented to produce a type A or type B base material. If this is used as a fungal bed base material, it is reduced on farmland and can be used as an organic fertilizer. Further, even in the case of treatment of a former factory site, not a farmland, since no base material remains in the soil after purification, there is no problem that the land will fall after several years. Great care must be taken when land falls. Depending on the depth, wood flour may have no effect due to air circulation. A type and B type can be used properly by actual observation.
[0021]
In the case of type B, the weight mixing ratio between the bark compost and the wood powder is set to 5 to 8: 5 to 2. If the mixed weight of the wood powder is greater than the bark compost, the growth of the plant is inhibited, which is not preferable.
[0022]
As the white-rot fungi, for example, Pleurotus ostreatus 1 or Pleurotus 2 belonging to the Pleurotus genus Pleurotus or Pleurotus oleracea 1 belonging to the genus Pleurotus genus Psyllium is used. Here, this is called PL1. It is possible to obtain a dioxin decomposer by PL1 by dispersing PL1 on a bacterial bed made of a heat-treated bark compost as a main component and, if necessary, mixed with wood powder and made of a substrate, and placed in a growth promoting factor environment. it can.
[0023]
As a nutrient source, depending on the type of white rot fungus to be added, sufficient metal ions such as Fe, Mg, Cu, and Zn for activation are given so that the bacteria can further propagate even after mixing with the soil. Add a mixture of heat-treated bark compost, chicken flour, rice bran, wheat bran, and the like.
[0024]
If there are too many nutrients, there is a concern that the bacteria will not degrade environmental hormones, so the optimal range of the mixing ratio is determined. That is, in order to obtain the immediate effect of the dioxin-decomposing agent, it is better to hardly provide a nutrient source. However, after plowing into the farmland, the fungus is grown to the added nutrient source, and if it is expected to be able to degrade environmental hormones thereafter, it can be mixed up to several times the amount of the base material. That balance is important. The nutrient source is defined by a basic amount α1 necessary for inoculating the fungus and an amount α2 necessary for growing the same in the field. The former is about 10 to 100% of the base, and the latter is about 100 to 500% thereof.
[0025]
An appropriate particle size is 3 to 8 mm for the reason shown in FIG. The bark compost may be once fine-granulated, added with a paste such as starch, and solidified, and then crushed to accurately determine the particle size.
[0026]
When the granular dioxin decomposing agent is mixed with a crude enzyme solution obtained by extracting an enzyme generated by white rot fungus or an enzyme preparation immobilized with the crude enzyme solution, the soil contaminated with dioxins at a high concentration can be obtained. Can be purified earlier.
[0027]
(Example 1) Fig. 1 shows an example of the relationship between the particle size of the dioxin decomposer and the growth of hyphae in soil. As shown in the figure, the growth is maximum when the particle size is 5 mm, and the growth is hindered when the particle size is 15 mm or more. For these reasons, the particle size is 3 to 15 mm, preferably 3 to 8 mm, and more preferably 3 to 6 mm.
[0028]
(Example 2) Next, after the bacterial bed of PL1 used in Example 1 was crushed to a particle size of 3 to 8 mm, 1.4% in terms of bacterial cells, 2% in soil containing 1 ppm of dioxin 2,8 DCDD. The mixture was mixed at a ratio of 0.8% and 7% and left for 60 days.
[0029]
FIG. 2 shows a situation where the dioxin decomposer 3 is plowed into the soil 2. FIG. 3 shows the dioxin decomposition rate (TEQ%) with respect to the amount of the decomposing agent added to the soil. FIG. 4 shows the decomposition rate with respect to the number of days when the addition amount is 7%.
[0030]
As shown in FIG. 3, the more the amount added to the soil is 3%, 5%, and 7%, the more effective, but practically, the amount of 3 to 5% is effective. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the effect is obtained when the number of days left is 30 days or more, and continues for 60 days or more. It has also been confirmed that when the average daily temperature is 17 ° C. or lower, the growth of hyphae is good. This is because PL1 has strong low-temperature resistance to other fungi and propagates more than other fungi. In this regard, it can be introduced into the fields from the low temperature of autumn to winter and spring and can be bred, indicating that it is easily adapted to farmland. It has also been confirmed that if propagated in soil, the temperature difference is less relevant in subsequent propagation.
[0031]
(Example 3) A mixture of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of a hardwood tree flour mixed with a fungal bed base material containing bark compost as a main component was compared with a wood flour 100 as a comparison. %, And 10% of rice bran was added as a nutrient and cultured. After the obtained bacterial bed is crushed to a particle size of 3 to 8 mm by absolute drying, the bacterial bed is mixed with soil containing 103 pg-TEQ / g of dioxins at a rate of 3.0% in terms of bacterial cells, and 15 days later FIG. 5 shows the results of examining the ability to decompose dioxins after 30 days from the experiment. FIG. 5 shows that the mixing ratio of the wood powder was 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. FIG. 6 shows the results of examining the growth state of Komatsuna by mixing 30% (volume ratio) of the granular decomposition agent. From this result, it was found that the mixing ratio of the wood powder to the bark compost was preferably 20 to 50%. In the figure, the white graph shows the decomposition rate of dioxins after 15 days, and the black graph shows the decomposition rate of dioxins after 30 days.
[0032]
(Example 4) The enzyme activity of a dioxin-decomposing agent and the effect of nutrients were mixed with the base material of bark compost by 10% while changing the type of nutrients as shown in Table 1. Weekly enzyme activity values were examined. As a result, it was found that a mixture of rice bran and wheat bran was the best for the nutritional body.
[0033]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004042023
Next, a method of applying the above-described dioxin decomposing agent to soil will be described. Basically, it can be carried out by dispersing a dioxin decomposer pulverized to 3 to 8 mm on the soil, cultivating it with a tractor or the like, and plowing it. The spraying amount is a standard of 3 to 5% with respect to 100% of the cultivated soil. Applicable soils include farmland such as fields and the like, factory sites and other lands.
[0034]
As shown in FIG. 2, the decomposing agent 3 plowed into the soil 2 is located at a shallow part (0 to 5 cm) 4, a middle part (5 to 10 cm) 5, and a deep part (10 to 20 cm) 6. The decomposing agent 3 located at each part exerts the hormonal decomposability according to the respective reproductive factors, and decomposes dioxins 7 in the soil. Since the growth promotion factors of the decomposition agent 3 located in each part are different from each other, it is also effective to re-plow the farmland for a certain period of time, for example, every month.
[0035]
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and can be appropriately changed in design without departing from the gist of the present invention, and can be implemented in various modes.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, since the present invention is a dioxin decomposer as described in the claims, by plowing the dioxin into the soil, it is possible to effectively decompose and remove dioxins dispersed in the soil. Can be.
[0037]
In addition, the present invention provides the above-mentioned dioxin decomposing agent as a granulated product having a diameter of 3 to 15 mm, and then plows the soil into the soil, immediately activates the microorganisms in the decomposed decomposing agent, and performs the treatment for one month or more. Since it is a soil purification method that purifies soil over a long period of time, for example, it is possible to purify farmland during the holidays in winter, and to effectively remove various soils such as farmland, factory ruins, parks, and garbage disposal sites. Can be purified.
[0038]
Furthermore, the present invention, the base material is only bark compost, and a mixture of bark compost and wood flour, and each is a dioxin decomposer that can be used alone or in combination, so that the decomposition effect and plant growth degree It is possible to use the right material in the right place while taking a balance, and it is possible to effectively and efficiently decompose dioxins according to each case.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a growth state of a hypha according to a particle diameter.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a dispersion state of a dioxin decomposing agent in soil.
FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing characteristics of the amount of a dioxin decomposer added to soil and the effect according to an example of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing characteristics of the effect of the dioxin decomposer according to the example of the present invention on the number of days left after soil addition.
FIG. 5 is a bar graph showing the effect of decomposing dioxins on the wood powder mixing ratio of a decomposer obtained by adding wood powder to bark compost and culturing the bark compost according to an example of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a bar graph showing the effect of growing komatsuna on the mixing ratio of wood powder of a degrading agent obtained by adding wood powder to bark compost and cultivating the same according to an example of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Growth curve 2 Soil 3 Dioxin decomposer 4 Shallow part 5 Middle part 6 Deep part 7 Dioxins

Claims (6)

菌床基材でダイオキシン類分解能を有する白色腐朽菌を培養し、培養された菌床を砕いて得られる粒状化物をダイオキシン類分解剤とし、これをダイオキシン類で汚染された土壌中に鋤き込んで土壌浄化することとしたダイオキシン類分解剤であって、前記基材を滅菌ないし殺菌されたバーク堆肥、又は滅菌ないし殺菌されたバーク堆肥と木紛との混合物とし、これに前記白色腐朽菌を菌床中で繁殖させるのに必要な基準量と前記土壌中で繁殖するのに必要な追加量との和の量の栄養源を加え、前記白色腐朽菌が前記基準量を消費して前記菌床中で菌糸蔓延した状態で得たことを特徴とするダイオキシン類分解剤。Cultivate white-rot fungi with dioxin-degrading ability on the bacterial bed substrate, and use the granulated product obtained by crushing the cultured bacterial bed as a dioxin decomposing agent, and plow it into soil contaminated with dioxins. A dioxin decomposing agent which is to be soil-cleaned, wherein the base material is sterilized or sterilized bark compost, or a mixture of sterilized or sterilized bark compost and wood powder, and the white rot fungus A nutrient source is added in an amount corresponding to a sum of a reference amount necessary for propagation in a fungus bed and an additional amount necessary for propagation in the soil, and the white rot fungus consumes the reference amount to produce the fungus. A dioxin-decomposing agent obtained in a state where hyphae are spread in a bed. 前記混合物における前記バーク堆肥と前記木粉の重量混合比率を5〜8:5〜2としたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のダイオキシン類分解剤。The dioxin decomposer according to claim 1, wherein a weight mixing ratio of the bark compost and the wood flour in the mixture is 5: 8: 5-2. 前記白色腐朽菌は、フザリウム・アベナセウム(コルダ:フライズ)サッカルド65菌株、フザリウム・アベナセウム(コルダ:フライズ)サッカルドPC×65菌株、カワタケ属267菌株、カワタケ属PC×267菌株、コウヤクタケ科に属する微生物、カワタケ属コウヤタケ科に属する微生物、ヒラタケ科ヒラタケ属に属するヒラタケ1又はヒラタケ2、タコウキン科シュタケ属に属するヒイロタケ1の内、いずれか1つを含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のダイオキシン類分解剤。The white rot fungus is Fusarium avenaceum (Korda: Fries) Sacchard 65 strain, Fusarium avenaceum (Korda: Fries) Sacchard PC × 65 strain, Kawatake 267 strain, Kawatake PC × 267 strain, a microorganism belonging to the family Asteraceae, The microorganism according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the microorganism comprises any one of a microorganism belonging to the genus Asteraceae, the oyster mushroom 1 or the oyster mushroom 2 belonging to the genus Pleurotus genus Pleurotus, and the Hitake mushroom 1 belonging to the genus Pleurotus genus Mushroom. Dioxin decomposer. 前記栄養源が、米糠又は及び小麦ふすまを含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のダイオキシン類分解剤。The dioxin decomposer according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient source includes rice bran or wheat bran. 前記粒状化物は、平均直径3〜15mmの砕粉又は顆粒に形成されることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のダイオキシン類分解剤。The dioxin decomposing agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the granulated product is formed into crushed powder or granules having an average diameter of 3 to 15 mm. 請求項1又は2に記載のダイオキシン類分解剤を平均直径3〜15mmの粒状化物とした上で土壌中に鋤き込み、鋤き込まれた分解剤中の微生物を即座に活性化させて土壌中のダイオキシン類を分解し、1ヶ月以上の期間をかけてダイオキシン類で汚染された土壌を浄化することを特徴とする土壌浄化方法。The dioxin-decomposing agent according to claim 1 or 2 is granulated into an average particle diameter of 3 to 15 mm, and is then plowed into the soil, and the microorganisms in the decomposed decomposing agent are immediately activated to obtain soil. A soil purification method comprising decomposing dioxins therein and purifying soil contaminated with dioxins over a period of one month or more.
JP2003117336A 2002-05-23 2003-04-22 Dioxins degradation agent and soil cleaning method using the same Pending JP2004042023A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7238228B1 (en) 2022-08-29 2023-03-14 生態環境部南京環境科学研究所 Combining rhamnolipids and earthworms to remediate dioxin-contaminated soil

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7238228B1 (en) 2022-08-29 2023-03-14 生態環境部南京環境科学研究所 Combining rhamnolipids and earthworms to remediate dioxin-contaminated soil
JP2024032630A (en) * 2022-08-29 2024-03-12 生態環境部南京環境科学研究所 Method for repairing dioxin polluted soil by combining rhamnolipid with earthworm

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