JP2004041085A

JP2004041085A - Harvester for onion for seed growing

Info

Publication number: JP2004041085A
Application number: JP2002203237A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Koji Yamaura; 山浦　浩二; Akinori Nishimura; 西村　融典; Takeshi Nishida; 西田　剛; Kazushi Sogawa; 十川　和士; Isao Ishida; 石田　伊佐男; Takaaki Iwabe; 岩部　孝章; Hideo Yamamoto; 山本　英男; Takeshi Matsushita; 松下　雄
Original assignee: KAGAWA PREFECTURAL AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION; Iseki and Co Ltd; Iseki Agricultural Machinery Mfg Co Ltd; Kagawa Prefectural Government; Bummei Noki KK
Current assignee: KAGAWA PREFECTURAL AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION; Iseki and Co Ltd; Iseki Agricultural Machinery Mfg Co Ltd; Kagawa Prefectural Government; Bummei Noki KK
Priority date: 2002-07-11
Filing date: 2002-07-11
Publication date: 2004-02-12
Anticipated expiration: 2022-07-11
Also published as: JP4169323B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce labor of harvesting operation for onions for seed growing by mechanizing reaping and harvesting operation for onions for seed growing and to uniform the lengths of stem parts and to reap the stem parts in mechanization. <P>SOLUTION: A machine body equipped with traveling apparatuses 1 and 1 is furnished with a harvesting operation part W for reaping and harvesting the onions T for seed growing planted on a ridge U.The harvesting operation part W is equipped with a first conveying unit 2 for nipping and transporting the stem parts K of the onions T for seed growing planted on the ridge U, a first cutter 3 for cutting the stem parts K of the onions T for seed growing planted on the ridge U, a second conveying unit 5 which is furnished with transportation action bodies 4 and 4 right and left at the downstream side in the transportation direction of the first conveying unit 2 at an interval wider than the width of the stem parts K of the onions T for seed growing and narrower than the diameters of flowering bulb parts S and second cutters 6 and 6 for cutting the stem parts K of the onions T for seed growing in the middle or at the end of transportation by the second conveying unit 5 from the flowering bulb parts S in fixed length. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、採種用のたまねぎを収穫する採種用たまねぎ収穫機に関する。
【従来の技術】
従来、たまねぎの種子を採取するための採種用たまねぎを収穫する収穫機はなく、たまねぎの採種農家は、夏の暑い日中に人海戦術に頼って収穫作業を行なっていた。一般に、ネギ坊主と言われる花球部にはたまねぎの種子が実っており、採種農家はこの種を収穫するために例年７月中旬頃にたまねぎの茎を切断してこれを持ち帰り、所定本数毎に束ねて１０日程度軒先等に吊るして乾燥させ、乾燥後に花球部分を解して種だけを採取していた。
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
こうした収穫作業は、夏の一番暑い時期に行なわれ、しかも、茎部を切断して収穫する作業には多くの人手を要し、また、腰を屈めてたまねぎの茎の刈り取り作業をしなければならず、高齢者や婦女子にとってはきわめて過酷な重労働であり、生産現場では収穫作業の機械化が望まれていた。採種用たまねぎの収穫作業を機械化する場合、刈取り後の茎部の結束作業や結束後の乾燥処理作業の便を図るため、茎部の長さを例えば３０〜５０ｃｍの長さに揃えて採種用たまねぎを刈取る必要がある。一方、畝に植立する採種用たまねぎは、高い丈のものもあれば低い丈のものもある。そこで、本発明は、採種用たまねぎの刈取収穫作業を機械化して採種用たまねぎの収穫作業の労力軽減を図り、また、その機械化にあたり茎部の長さを揃えて刈取れるようにすることを課題とする。
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明は、上記課題を解決するために以下のような構成とした。
即ち、請求項１記載の発明は、走行装置１，１を備えた機体に、畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎＴを刈取り収穫する収穫作業部Ｗを設け、該収穫作業部Ｗには、畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋを挟持して搬送する第一搬送装置２と、畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋを切断する第一切断装置３と、前記第一搬送装置２の搬送方向下手側で搬送作用体４，４を採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋの幅より広く花球部分Ｓの径よりも狭い間隔で左右に配置した第二搬送装置５と、該第二搬送装置５で搬送される途中或は終端部で採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋを花球部分Ｓから設定長さで切断する第二切断装置６，６を設けたことを特徴とする採種用たまねぎ収穫機としたものである。
請求項２記載の発明は、前記収穫作業部Ｗの第一搬送装置２と第二搬送装置５と第二切断装置６，６を機体に対して高さ調節可能に設けたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の採種用たまねぎ収穫機としたものである。
請求項３記載の発明は、前記第一切断装置３を高さ調節可能に設けたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の採種用たまねぎ収穫機としたものである。
請求項４記載の発明は、前記走行装置１，１を左右に配置し、該左右の走行装置１，１に正面視門型状の機体フレーム７を設け、該門型状の機体フレーム７の内側に前記収穫作業部Ｗを着脱可能に取付けたことを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２或は請求項３記載の採種用たまねぎ収穫機としたものである。
【作用】
本発明に係る採種用たまねぎ収穫機は、走行装置１，１により機体が自走し、第一搬送装置２が畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋを挟持して搬送するとともに、第一切断装置３が畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋを切断する。そして、第一切断装置３により茎部が切断された採種用たまねぎＴが第二搬送装置５に引き継がれて該第二搬送装置５の搬送作用体４，４にて搬送される。ここで、第二搬送装置５の搬送作用体４，４は採種用たまねぎＴの茎Ｋ部の幅より広く花球部分Ｓの径よりも狭い間隔で左右に配置されているので、採種用たまねぎＴは前記第一搬送装置２による挟持状態が解かれて落下し、搬送作用体４，４に花球部分Ｓが支えられて茎部Ｋが吊下げられた状態で搬送される。このような状態で搬送されて第二切断装置６，６が採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋを花球部分Ｓから設定長さで切断する。
また、畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎＴの丈が全体的に高いときや低いときには、それに応じて、前記収穫作業部Ｗの第一搬送装置２と第二搬送装置５と第二切断装置６，６を機体に対して適宜高さに調節する。
畝Ｕの高さが機体に対して高いときや低いときには、それに応じて前記第一切断装置３を適宜高さに調節する。
収穫作業時以外では、前記収穫作業部Ｗを取り外しておけば、たまねぎの母球植え作業や防除作業などの他の作業時に、走行機体を畝Ｕを跨がせて自走させ、作業者は当該走行機体に乗車して作業が行える。なお、たまねぎの母球植え作業時には、たまねぎの母球を収容する容器を機体上に載せる載置部を走行機体に取付け、防除作業には、防除機を走行機体に取付けることもできる。
【発明の効果】
請求項１記載の発明は、前記のような構成としたものであるから、採種用たまねぎの刈取収穫作業が機械化できて採種用たまねぎの収穫作業の労力軽減が図れ、また、茎部の長さを揃えて採種用たまねぎを収穫できて後工程の結束作業や結束後の乾燥処理作業が容易となる。
請求項２記載の発明は、上記効果を奏するとともに、畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎの丈が全体的に高いときや低いときには、収穫作業部Ｗの高さを適宜調節できて、適確な収穫作業が行える。
請求項３記載の発明は、上記効果を奏するとともに、畝Ｕの高さが機体に対して高いときや低いときには、第一切断装置３の高さを適宜調節できて、畝に植立する採種用たまねぎを適確に刈取りできる。
請求項４記載の発明は、収穫作業時以外では、収穫作業部Ｗを取り外し、たまねぎの母球植え作業や防除作業などの他の作業時に走行機体を利用でき、機体の利用価値が高まり、他の作業の労力軽減も図れる。
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態の一例を説明する。この採種用たまねぎ収穫機は、走行装置１を備えた機体に、畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎＴを刈取り収穫する収穫作業部Ｗを設けた構成とし、畝Ｕを跨いで機体を自走させて、跨いだ畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎＴを収穫作業部Ｗが連続的に刈取り収穫していくものとしている。
走行装置１は、機体の左右に配置し、左右一方側の走行装置１の上方に配置したエンジンから動力が伝達されて駆動する構成としている。本例では、クローラ式の走行装置に構成しているが、ホイール式の走行装置に構成してもよい。
左右の走行装置１，１の上部には、正面視門型状の機体フレーム７を設け、該門型状の機体フレーム７の内側に前記収穫作業部Ｗを着脱可能に取付けている。左右一方側の走行装置１の上方に配置したエンジンの動力は、その下方に配置される走行装置１，１には適宜設けた伝動装置を介して伝動し、左右反対側の走行装置１には門型状の機体フレーム７に沿って設けた伝動装置を介して伝動する構成としている。
左右の走行装置１，１の各後側には、収穫作業部Ｗで収穫された採種用たまねぎＴを容器に収容する作業を行う作業者が搭乗する搭乗部としての座席８，８を設けている。左右一方側の走行装置１の後側には機体操縦部９を設けていて、該機体操縦部９の後方に、左右一方側の座席８が配置され、該座席８に着座して搭乗した作業者は、機体操縦も兼ねて行うようになっている。
収穫作業部Ｗの後側には、収穫作業部Ｗで収穫された採種用たまねぎＴを収容する収穫容器を載置する収穫容器載置部１０を設けている。また、収穫容器載置部１０は、前記左右の座席８，８の間に配置していて、該左右の座席８，８に着座する作業者は、収穫作業部Ｗの後部から出てくる収穫された採種用たまねぎＴをとって左右の作業者間に置かれた収穫容器に収容するものとなる。
収穫作業部Ｗには、畝に植立する採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋを挟持して搬送する第一搬送装置２と、畝に植立する採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋを切断する第一切断装置３と、前記第一搬送装置２の搬送方向下手側で搬送作用体４，４を採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋの幅より広く花球部分Ｓの径よりも狭い間隔で左右に配置した第二搬送装置５と、該第二搬送装置５で搬送される途中或は終端部で採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋを花球部分Ｓから設定長さで切断する第二切断装置６，６を設けている。
また、収穫作業部Ｗの第一搬送装置２と第二搬送装置５と第二切断装置６，６は、機体に対して高さ調節可能に取り付けている。本例では、収穫作業部Ｗの第一搬送装置２と第二搬送装置５と第二切断装置６，６を支持する作業部フレーム１１に取付部１２を設け、前記門型の機体フレーム７に上下に取付個所を複数有する取付部１３を設け、該機体フレーム７側の取付部１３の一つの取付個所を選択してそこに作業部フレーム１１側の取付部１２を係合し固定する構成としている。なお、作業部フレーム１１と機体フレーム７との間にリンク機構等により構成した上下動調節機構を介して取り付け、該上下動調節機構を操作する操作具を操作して収穫作業部Ｗを容易に高さ調節操作可能に設けることもできる。なお、高さ調節可能に設ける第一切断装置３を作業部フレーム１１で支持する構成にすると、第一搬送装置２による採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋの挟持位置に対する第一切断装置３の切断位置の位置関係を変更せずに収穫作業部Ｗの高さ調節ができて、良好な刈取り収穫作業が行える。
第一搬送装置２は機体後方に搬送駆動される左右一対の挟持搬送体１４，１４…を備える。本例では、挟持搬送体１４，１４…は外周面がスポンジ等の弾性部材で形成した帯状の無端ベルトで構成し、これを左右一対、隣接するベルト面が互いに接近或は接触する状態で配置し、且つこの近接するベルト面が共に後方に移動するように駆動されるよう設け、更に、このように構成した左右一対の無端ベルトを４組左右及び上下に並べて配置した構成としている。
第一切断装置３は、切断作用部が左右に幅広い切断作用体１３を備えている。また、該第一切断装置３の切断作用体１５は機体に対して高さ調節可能に設けている。本例では、切断作用体１５をバリカン型の切断装置に構成し、前記エンジンの動力を適宜設けた伝動装置を介して伝動され、また、第一切断装置３の上下位置が変更しても伝動状態を維持するようフレキシブルシャフト１６を介して伝動している。第一切断装置３の支持構成は、切断作用体１２の左右両側部に設けた支持フレーム１７，１７を前記機体フレーム７の内側左右に設けた取付部に左右横方向の軸心周りに回動自在に取り付け、左右一方側の支持フレーム１７の中間部に、左右横方向の軸心周りに回動自在に機体フレーム７の内側に取り付けられたレバー１８の前端部を長孔を介して回動自在に連結し、該レバー１８の後部を位置変更可能に係合するレバーガイド１９に係合させて、該レバー１８のレバー１８への上下方向の係合位置を変更操作することで第一切断装置３の切断作用体１５の上下位置を機体に対して変更調節可能となっている。なお、切断作用体１２は、回転式の切断装置としてもよい。
第二搬送装置５は、前記第一搬送装置２の搬送方向下手側で搬送作用体４，４を採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋの幅より広く花球部分Ｓの径よりも狭い間隔で左右に配置したものであり、第二切断装置６，６は、搬送作用体４，４より設定間隔下方に配置したものである。ここで、第一搬送装置２により挟持搬送されてきた採種用たまねぎＴは、第一搬送装置２による挟持状態が解かれて落下し、搬送作用体４，４に花球部分Ｓが支えられて茎部Ｋが吊下げられた状態で搬送されるようになる。ここで花球部分Ｓの上下位置が自動的に揃えられ、その後、搬送作用体４，４より設定間隔下方に配置した第二切断装置６，６が茎部Ｋを切断することで、収穫した採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋの長さを設定長さに切り揃えることになる。なお、左右のベルトの間に茎部を挟持した状態で、花球部分がベルト上端面に引っかかるまで茎部を強制的に下方に引っ張って、花球部分の上下位置を揃える方法も考えられるが、花球部分が異なる高さにある茎部が複数本左右に重なった状態になっていると、これら複数本を同時に強制的に茎部を下方に引っ張ってしまい、その結果、花球部分の上下位置を揃えることができない問題がある。この点、上記構成によれば、茎部の挟持状態を解いて落下させる方法なので、上記のような問題が生じ難い。なお、左右の搬送作用体４，４の間隔以上に茎部が複数本左右に重なって採種用たまねぎが搬送される状態になると茎部が落下しにくくなる場合がある。この場合、走行装置１の上方に設けた補助座席２０に補助作業者が着座して搭乗し、この補助作業者が、前記のように第二搬送装置５で採種用たまねぎＴが詰まってしまい落下しないものがあるとき、花球部分Ｓを手で下方に押し込むことができるようになっている。
なお、第二切断装置６，６は、第二搬送装置５の途中と終端部に設けており、２段階に設けており、茎部Ｋの切り揃えが一層確実に行える。また、第一搬送装置２の搬送終端部下側にも予備切断装置２１を設けている。これにより、第二搬送装置５において採種用たまねぎＴが落下する前に茎部Ｋを事前に短く切断するものとなり、採種用たまねぎＴが落下したとき茎部Ｋの下端が畝上面或は刈取られた後の採種用たまねぎの切り株につっかえて充分に落下しなくなるのを防止できる。
本例において、第二搬送装置５は、左右外側にラグ付き搬送ベルトを設け、左右内側にラグなし搬送ベルトを設け、両ベルトが隣接するベルト面が共に後方に移動するように駆動する構成とし、この左右一対の搬送ベルトを２組左右に並べて配置し、前記第一搬送装置２の２組の挟持搬送体１４，１４；１４，１４の各搬送終端部から受継いで後方に採種用たまねぎＴを搬送するように設けている。なお、左右外側の搬送作用体４，４は、上記のように茎部Ｋを挟持しないで花球部分Ｓをベルト上端面で支持し茎部Ｋを吊下げた状態で後方に搬送するため、その後方搬送を確実に行うためにラグ付きベルトにしたもので、左右内側の搬送ベルトについてもラグ付きにしてもよい。また、左右の搬送ベルトをラグなしで構成することもある。
第二切断装置６，６，６及び予備切断装置２１は、駆動回転される円盤状の回転刃を左右に互いに重ね合わせて設け、その重ね合わせた部分を第一搬送装置２及び第二搬送装置５の搬送経路下方に位置するように配置したものとしている。勿論、別の切断機構を採用しても良い。
ところで、第一搬送装置２の前側には、畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎＴを第一搬送装置２の搬送始端部に案内する案内装置２２を設けている。この案内装置２２は、第一搬送装置２の挟持搬送体１４，１４；１４，１４の左右の挟持搬送始端部に分けて案内する分草体２３を左右中央部に設け、左右両外側に回転駆動される搬送案内体２４，２４；２４，２４を設けた構成としている。
また、第二搬送装置５の後ろ側には、第二切断装置６，６で切断処理された採種用たまねぎＴを第二搬送装置５から受継いで前記収穫容器載置部１０に向けて搬送する第三搬送装置２５を設けている。第三搬送装置２５は、左右中央側に後述の搬送ベルト３４，３４を駆動回転されるように設けるとともに、該搬送ベルト３４，３４の左右外側に挟持杆５９，５９を設ける。この挟持杆５９，５９は、搬送始端部側に配置した上下方向の軸回りに回動自在に取付け、更に、スプリング等の弾撥部材によって付勢されて挟持杆５９，５９が搬送ベルト３４，３４のベルト面に圧接するように設けている。搬送ベルト３４，３４と挟持杆５９，５９との間に採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋを挟んで搬送する構成であり、また、前記弾撥部材の付勢に抗して挟持杆５９，５９を搬送ベルト３４，３４から左右外側に離れるように移動させることが可能であり、これにより、収穫容器が満杯になって交換するとき等に、第三搬送装置２５で搬送中の採種用たまねぎＴを作業者がまとめて一度に取り出すことが容易に行える。
上記収穫作業部Ｗの各装置の伝動構成は、本例では、以下のように構成している。即ち、左右一方側の走行装置１の上方に搭載したエンジンから適宜設けた伝動装置を介して門型状の機体フレーム７に沿って左右反対側の機体フレーム７の上部に動力が伝動し、そこでその下方の走行装置１への伝動経路から動力を分岐し、下方に延びる伸縮可能な伝動軸２６に伝動する。そして、第二搬送装置５の後側上方に配置し作業部フレーム１１に支持された伝動ケース２７内に伝動し、該伝動ケース２７内に入力された動力は左右方向にのびる伝動軸に伝動し、該伝動軸の４箇所からそれぞれ前方に動力が分岐して第二搬送装置５の各搬送作用体４，４；４，４の後側回転軸２８，２８，２８，２８の上方に動力が取り出される。そして、その取り出された動力が下方に延びる伝動軸２９，２９，２９，２９を介して第二搬送装置５の後側回転軸２８，２８，２８，２８のそれぞれに伝動する。なお、前記伝動軸２６を伸縮可能に構成したのは、収穫作業部Ｗを前記のように上下高さ調節したときに、それに応じて伝動軸２６が伸縮する必要があるからである。
第二搬送装置５の後側回転軸２８，２８，２８，２８は、図５に示すように、作業部フレーム１１に設けた回転軸取付部３０…に回転自在に取り付け、該後側回転軸２８，２８，２８，２８のそれぞれに、上側から順に、第二搬送装置５の搬送作用体４である搬送ベルト回転用のプーリ３１、第二搬送装置５の前側回転軸３２に伝動するための伝動用プーリの上側プーリ３３、第三搬送装置２５の搬送ベルト３４の駆動回転用プーリ３５（左右中央側２本の回転軸のみ）、第二切断装置６，６が切断作用するときにたまねぎの茎部Ｋを保持する茎部保持ローラの上側ローラ３６が取り付けられ、更に、作業部フレーム１１の回転軸取付部３０を挟んで下側に、前記第二搬送装置５の前側回転軸２８に伝動するための伝動用プーリの下側プーリ３７、前側の第二切断装置６，６の回転軸３８に伝動するための伝動用プーリ３９、前記茎部保持ローラの下側ローラ４０、後側の第二切断装置６，６である円盤状の回転刃を取り付けている。従って、エンジンの動力が第二搬送装置５の後側回転軸２８に伝動されて該回転軸が駆動回転し、これにより、第二搬送装置５の搬送ベルト回転用のプーリ３１、第二搬送装置５の前側回転軸３２への伝動用プーリ３３，３７、第三搬送装置２５の駆動回転用プーリ３５、茎部保持ローラ３６，４０、前側の第二切断装置６，６への伝動用プーリ３９、後側の第二切断装置６，６が一体回転する。
この第二搬送装置５の後側回転軸２８，２８，２８，２８のそれぞれの前方に、後側から前側に向けて順に、前記前側の第二切断装置６，６の回転軸３８、第二搬送装置５の前側回転軸３２、第二搬送装置５の左右外側の搬送作用体４，４の前側回転軸４１、第一搬送装置２の前側回転軸４２を作業部フレーム１１の各回転軸取付部３０…に取り付けている。なお、第一搬送装置２の四本の前側回転軸４２，４２，４２，４２は、左右中央側に配置した２本の前側回転軸４２，４２が左右両外側に配置した２本の前側回転軸４２，４２より前方に位置するように配置している。
前側の第二切断装置６，６の回転軸３８，３８，３８，３８のそれぞれには、下端部に前側の第二切断装置６，６である円盤状の回転刃を取り付け、その上側に、第二切断装置６，６が切断作用するときにたまねぎの茎部Ｋを保持する茎部保持ローラの下側ローラ４３を取り付け、この上側に第二搬送装置５の後側回転軸２８から伝動を受けるために設けた伝動用プーリ４４を取付け、更に、作業部フレーム１１の回転軸取付部３０を挟んで上側に茎部保持ローラの上側ローラ４５を取り付けている。そして、前記伝動用プーリ４４と前記第二搬送装置５の後側回転軸２８の下部に取り付けた伝動用プーリ３９とに伝動ベルト４６を巻き掛けて、当該回転軸３８が前記第二搬送装置５の後側回転軸２８から伝動されて回転し、第二切断装置６，６と茎部保持ローラ４３，４６が一体回転する構成となっている。
第二搬送装置５の前側回転軸３２，３２，３２，３２のそれぞれには、下端部に予備切断装置２１である円盤状の回転刃を取り付け、その上側に、第一搬送装置２の下側挟持搬送体１４を駆動する駆動プーリー４７を取り付け、この上側に第二搬送装置５の後側回転軸２８の下側から伝動を受けるために設けた伝動用プーリ４８を取付け、更に、作業部フレーム１１の回転軸取付部３０を挟んで上側に、第一搬送装置２の上側挟持搬送体１４を駆動する駆動プーリー４９を取り付け、その上側に、第二搬送装置５の後側回転軸２８の上側から伝動を受けるために設けた伝動用プーリ５０を取付け、更に上側に、第二搬送装置５の搬送作用体４である搬送ベルト回転用のプーリ５１を取り付けている。そして、上下の前記伝動用プーリ４８，５０と前記第二搬送装置５の後側回転軸２８の上下に取り付けた伝動用プーリ３３，３７とに伝動ベルト５２，５２を巻き掛け、また、第二搬送装置５の前側回転軸３２の搬送ベルト回転用のプーリ５１と第二搬送装置５の後側回転軸２８の搬送ベルト回転用のプーリ３１とに搬送作用体４である搬送ベルトを巻き掛ける。なお、第二搬送装置５の左右外側の搬送作用体４，４である搬送ベルトは、当該前側回転軸３２のプーリ５１で回さず、当該前側回転軸３２より前側に配置した前側回転軸４１，４１に取り付けたプーリ５３，５３に巻き掛ける。従って、当該前側回転軸３２が第二搬送装置５の後側回転軸２８から伝動されて回転するとともに、予備切断装置２１と第二搬送装置５の搬送作用体４が一体回転する構成となっている。なお、第二搬送装置５の搬送作用体４，４の前側を第一搬送装置２の挟持搬送体１４，１４の後側にオーバーラップさせて配置したことにより、第一搬送装置２から第二搬送装置５への引継ぎ搬送が良好に行われる。
第一搬送装置２の前側回転軸４２，４２，４２，４２のそれぞれには、作業部フレーム１１の回転軸取付部３０を挟んで上下に、第一搬送装置２の上下の挟持搬送体１４，１４の従動プーリー５４，５５を一体回転するように取り付ける。この従動プーリー５４，５５と、第二搬送装置５の前側回転軸３２の上下に取り付けた駆動プーリー４７，４９とに、第一搬送装置２の上下の挟持搬送体１４，１４を巻き掛け、第二搬送装置５の前側回転軸３２の回転によって第一搬送装置２の挟持搬送体１４…が駆動回転し、当該前側回転軸４２も回転する。
また、第一搬送装置２の前側回転軸にあって左右両外側の前側回転軸４２，４２の上下両端部には、左右両外側に設けた前記案内装置２２の搬送案内体２４，２４；２４，２４である上下の搬送ベルトを駆動回転するためのプーリ５６，５６；５６，５６を設けている。該プーリ５６，５６；５６，５６と、当該前側回転軸４２，４２回りに左右回動可能に取り付けた支持フレーム５７の上下に取り付けたプーリとに前記案内装置２２の搬送案内体２４，２４；２４，２４を巻き掛けて、当該前側回転軸４２，４２の回転によって、搬送案内体２４，２４；２４，２４が回転駆動する。更に、第一搬送装置２の前側回転軸にあって左右中央側２本の前側回転軸４２，４２の下端部には、平面視で外周に大きな歯を複数形成した歯車状回転板５８，５８を一体回転するように取り付けている。この歯車状回転板５８，５８が、畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎＴを第一搬送装置２の搬送始端部に送り込むように回転し、第一搬送装置２の採種用たまねぎＴの取り込みが良好となる。
以上のように構成した採種用たまねぎ収穫機は、以下のように作用して収穫作業を行っていく。まず、左右の走行装置１，１が畝Ｕの左右の谷部分を通過するようにして畝Ｕを跨いだ状態に機体を位置させ、そして、左右の走行装置１，１を駆動して機体を自走させる。すると、門型状の機体フレーム７の内側を畝Ｕが通過していくようになり、この門型状の機体フレーム７の内側に設けた収穫作業部Ｗの作用を受けて畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎＴが刈取り収穫される。
収穫作業部Ｗは、図５に示すように、まず、案内装置２２によって畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎＴが第一搬送装置２の挟持搬送始端部に案内され、その案内された採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋを第一搬送装置２が挟持して後方に搬送する。そして、その搬送中に第一切断装置３が採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋを切断し、採種用たまねぎＴを畝から刈取る。畝から刈取られた採種用たまねぎＴは、第二搬送装置５に引き継がれるが、その前に予備切断装置２１が茎部Ｋを短く切断する。このように茎部Ｋを短く切断した後に、採種用たまねぎＴが、第二搬送装置５に引き継がれ第二搬送装置５の搬送作用体４，４にて後方に搬送される。ここで、第二搬送装置５の搬送作用体４，４は採種用たまねぎＴの茎Ｋ部の幅より広く花球部分Ｓの径よりも狭い間隔で左右に配置されているので、採種用たまねぎＴは前記第一搬送装置２による挟持状態が解かれて落下し、搬送作用体４，４に花球部分Ｓが支えられて茎部Ｋが吊下げられた状態で搬送される。このような状態で搬送されて、第二搬送装置５より設定間隔下方に配置した第二切断装置６，６が採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋを花球部分Ｓから設定長さで切断する。第二切断装置６，６は前後に複数設けており、第二搬送装置５において上記のように採種用たまねぎＴが落下して搬送作用体４，４に花球部分Ｓが支えられ茎部Ｋが吊下げられた状態になるのが遅れた場合であっても、後側に配置した第二切断装置６によって茎部Ｋを花球部分Ｓから設定長さで切断するので、茎部Ｋの切り揃えが一層確実に行える。このように茎部Ｋを設定長さに切り揃えられた採種用たまねぎＴを第三搬送装置２５が受け取って茎部Ｋを挟持して搬送する。第三搬送装置２５によって搬送されてきた採種用たまねぎＴは、座席８，８に着座している作業者が受け取って、収穫容器載置部１０に載置した収穫容器に収容していく。収穫容器が採種用たまねぎＴで満杯になったら、作業者は、その満杯になった収穫容器を機体後方の地面に降ろし、機体の適所に載置しておいた空の収穫容器を収穫容器載置部１０に載置する。
以上のように、収穫作業部Ｗは、案内装置２２により畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎＴを第一搬送装置２の挟持始端部に案内し、案内された採種用たまねぎＴを第一搬送装置２が挟持搬送してその搬送中で第一切断装置３が茎部Ｋを切断し採種用たまねぎＴを畝Ｕから刈取り、そして、第二搬送装置５と第二切断装置６、６により採種用たまねぎＴの茎部Ｋを設定長さに切り揃え、第三搬送装置２５によって収穫容器載置部１０に向けて搬出するという刈取り収穫作業工程を有する作業部となっている。更に、その収穫作業工程を有する作業経路が、左右に複数列（本例では２列）並列する構成としていて、畝Ｕに多数植立する採種用たまねぎＴを複数の作業経路に分けて作業を行うものなので、能率良く且つ適確に上記のような刈取り収穫作業が行える。
なお、第二切断装置６，６は、第二搬送装置５の途中と終端部に設けており、２段階に設けており、茎部Ｋの切り揃えが一層確実に行える。また、第一搬送装置２の搬送終端部下側にも予備切断装置２１を設けている。これにより、第二搬送装置５において採種用たまねぎＴが落下する前に茎部Ｋを事前に短く切断するものとなり、採種用たまねぎＴが落下したとき茎部Ｋの下端が畝上面或は刈取られた後の採種用たまねぎの切り株につっかえて充分に落下しなくなるのを防止できる。
また、畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎＴの丈が全体的に高いときや低いときには、それに応じて、前記収穫作業部Ｗの第一搬送装置２と第二搬送装置５と第二切断装置６，６を機体に対して適宜高さに調節する。
畝Ｕの高さが機体に対して高いときや低いときには、それに応じて前記第一切断装置３を適宜高さに調節する。
収穫作業時以外では、前記収穫作業部Ｗを取り外しておけば、たまねぎの母球植え作業や防除作業などの他の作業時に、走行機体を畝Ｕを跨がせて自走させ、作業者は当該走行機体に乗車して作業が行える。なお、たまねぎの母球植え作業時には、たまねぎの母球を収容する容器を機体上に載せる載置部を走行機体に取付け、防除作業には、防除機を走行機体に取付けることもできる。
よって、以上のように構成して採種用たまねぎ収穫機を得ることにより、採種用たまねぎの刈取収穫作業が機械化できて採種用たまねぎの収穫作業の労力軽減が図れ、また、茎部の長さを揃えて採種用たまねぎを収穫できて後工程の結束作業や結束後の乾燥処理作業が容易となる。
また、畝Ｕに植立する採種用たまねぎの丈が全体的に高いときや低いときには、収穫作業部Ｗの高さを適宜調節できて、適確な収穫作業が行え、畝Ｕの高さが機体に対して高いときや低いときには、第一切断装置３の高さを適宜調節できて、畝に植立する採種用たまねぎを適確に刈取りできる。
そして、収穫作業時以外では、収穫作業部Ｗを取り外し、たまねぎの母球植え作業や防除作業などの他の作業時に走行機体を利用でき、機体の利用価値が高まり、他の作業の労力軽減も図れる。
なお、図示は省略したが、収穫作業部Ｗにより刈取り収穫された採種用たまねぎＴの茎Ｋを紐やテープ等の結束具で結束する結束装置を収穫作業部Ｗの後部に設ける構成とすると、収穫作業の一層の能率向上と労力軽減となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】採種用たまねぎ収穫機の側面図。
【図２】採種用たまねぎ収穫機の平面図。
【図３】採種用たまねぎ収穫機の平面図。
【図４】収穫作業部の側面図。
【図５】収穫作用状態を示す側面図。
【符号の説明】
１，１：走行装置
２：第一搬送装置
３：第一切断装置
４，４：搬送作用体
５：第二搬送装置
６，６：第二切断装置
７：機体フレーム
Ｋ：採種用たまねぎの茎部
Ｓ：採種用たまねぎの花球部分
Ｔ：採種用たまねぎ
Ｕ：畝
Ｗ：収穫作業部TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a seeding onion harvesting machine for harvesting seeding onions.
[Prior art]
Conventionally, there is no harvester for harvesting onions for collecting onion seeds, and onion-seeding farmers rely on human naval tactics during hot summer days to perform harvesting work. Generally, onion seeds are grown in the flower bulb, which is said to be a leek shaved, and the seeding farmer cuts the onion stalks around mid-July in order to harvest this seed, and brings it back. And hanged for about 10 days on an eave or the like to dry. After drying, the flower ball portion was released to collect only seeds.
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
These harvesting operations are performed during the hottest months of summer, and the work of cutting and harvesting the stalks requires a lot of manpower, and you must bend down and cut the onion stalks. This is extremely hard work for the elderly and women and women, and the mechanization of the harvesting work at the production site has been desired. When the onion harvesting operation is mechanized, the length of the stalk is adjusted to, for example, 30 to 50 cm in order to facilitate the bundling of the stem after harvesting and the drying process after bundling. Need to cut onions. On the other hand, seeding onions to be planted in ridges have a high length and a low length. Therefore, the present invention aims to reduce the labor of harvesting the onion for seeding by mechanizing the harvesting and harvesting operation of the onion for seeding, and to make it possible to cut the onion with the same length of the stem for the mechanization. And
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has the following configuration to solve the above problems.
That is, the invention according to claim 1 provides a body provided with the traveling devices 1 and 1 with a harvesting operation unit W that harvests and harvests a seeding onion T planted on a ridge U. A first transporting device 2 for nipping and transporting the stem K of the seeding onion T planted in the ridge U, and a first cutting device 3 for cutting the stem K of the seeding onion T planted in the ridge U; A second transporter in which the transporting action bodies 4, 4 are arranged on the lower side in the transport direction of the first transporter 2 at an interval wider than the width of the stem K of the seeding onion T and smaller than the diameter of the flower ball portion S. A device 5 and second cutting devices 6 and 6 for cutting the stem K of the onion T for seeding at a set length from the flower ball portion S at the middle or at the end thereof being conveyed by the second conveying device 5 are provided. This is a seeding onion harvesting machine.
The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the first transport device 2, the second transport device 5, and the second cutting devices 6, 6 of the harvesting work unit W are provided so as to be adjustable in height with respect to the machine body. A seeding onion harvesting machine according to claim 1.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the first cutting device 3 is provided so as to be adjustable in height.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the traveling devices 1 and 1 are disposed on the left and right, and the left and right traveling devices 1 and 1 are provided with a gate-shaped body frame 7 in a front view. The onion harvesting machine for seeds according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the harvesting work section W is detachably mounted inside.
[Action]
In the seeding onion harvesting machine according to the present invention, the body is self-propelled by the traveling devices 1 and 1, and the first transporting device 2 pinches and transports the stem K of the seeding onion T planted in the ridge U. Then, the first cutting device 3 cuts the stem K of the seeding onion T planted on the ridge U. Then, the onion T for seed whose stem has been cut by the first cutting device 3 is taken over by the second transport device 5 and transported by the transport working bodies 4 and 4 of the second transport device 5. Here, since the transfer working bodies 4 and 4 of the second transfer device 5 are arranged on the left and right at an interval wider than the width of the stem K of the seeding onion T and narrower than the diameter of the flower ball portion S, the onion for seeding is used. T is transported in a state where the pinched state by the first transport device 2 is released and the flower bulb portion S is supported by the transport members 4 and 4 and the stem portion K is suspended. Conveyed in such a state, the second cutting devices 6 and 6 cut the stem K of the seed onion T from the flower ball portion S at a set length.
Also, when the length of the seeding onion T planted on the ridge U is generally high or low, the first transport device 2, the second transport device 5, and the second cutting device of the harvesting work section W are correspondingly performed. Adjust the height of 6, 6 to the body as appropriate.
When the height of the ridge U is high or low with respect to the machine body, the first cutting device 3 is appropriately adjusted to the height accordingly.
Other than during the harvesting work, if the harvesting work part W is removed, the traveling machine is allowed to run over the ridge U and self-propelled during other work such as onion mother ball planting work and pest control work. The work can be performed by getting on the traveling body. During the work of planting the ball of the onion, the mounting portion for mounting the container containing the ball of the onion on the machine body may be attached to the traveling machine body, and for the pest control operation, the control device may be attached to the machine body.
【The invention's effect】
Since the invention according to claim 1 is configured as described above, the harvesting and harvesting operation of the onion for seeding can be mechanized, the labor for harvesting the onion for seeding can be reduced, and the length of the stem portion can be reduced. The onion for seeds can be harvested in a uniform manner, and the bundling work in the post-process and the drying processing work after the bundling become easy.
The invention according to claim 2 has the above effect, and when the length of the seeding onion planted in the ridge U is generally high or low, the height of the harvesting work section W can be appropriately adjusted, and Harvesting work can be performed.
The invention according to claim 3 exhibits the above-mentioned effects, and when the height of the ridge U is high or low with respect to the machine body, the height of the first cutting device 3 can be appropriately adjusted, and the seeding planted on the ridge. You can properly cut onions.
The invention according to claim 4 can remove the harvesting work unit W and use the traveling machine body for other work such as onion mother planting work and pest control work other than at the time of harvesting work. The labor of the work can be reduced.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described. The onion harvesting machine for seeds has a configuration in which a body provided with the traveling device 1 is provided with a harvesting work section W for harvesting and harvesting the onions T for seeding planted in the ridges U, and the body self-propelled across the ridges U. Then, the harvesting work section W continuously harvests and harvests the onion T for seeding that is planted on the straddled ridge U.
The traveling device 1 is arranged on the left and right sides of the body, and is configured to be driven by transmitting power from an engine disposed above the traveling device 1 on one of the left and right sides. In this example, the traveling device is a crawler type traveling device, but may be a wheel type traveling device.
A gate-shaped body frame 7 as viewed from the front is provided above the left and right traveling devices 1, 1, and the harvesting work section W is detachably mounted inside the gate-shaped body frame 7. The power of the engine disposed above the traveling device 1 on one of the left and right sides is transmitted to the traveling devices 1 and 1 disposed below the traveling device 1 via a transmission device appropriately provided, and transmitted to the traveling device 1 on the right and left opposite sides. The transmission is performed via a transmission device provided along the gate-shaped body frame 7.
On the rear side of each of the left and right traveling devices 1, 1, seats 8, 8 are provided as a boarding section on which a worker who works to store the onion T harvested in the harvesting work section W in a container is boarded. I have. An aircraft control section 9 is provided behind the traveling device 1 on one of the left and right sides, and left and right seats 8 are disposed behind the aircraft control section 9, and the user is seated on the seat 8 and boarded. Are also used to control the aircraft.
On the rear side of the harvesting operation unit W, a harvesting container mounting unit 10 for mounting a harvesting container for accommodating the onion T for seeds harvested in the harvesting operation unit W is provided. Further, the harvest container mounting portion 10 is disposed between the left and right seats 8, 8, and an operator sitting on the left and right seats 8, 8 can harvest from the rear part of the harvesting work section W. The collected onion T is taken and stored in a harvest container placed between the left and right workers.
In the harvesting work section W, the first transporting device 2 for nipping and transporting the stalk K of the seeding onion T planted on the ridge, and the first transport device 2 for cutting the stalk K of the seeding onion T planted on the ridge. One cutting device 3 and the transfer working bodies 4, 4 on the lower side in the transfer direction of the first transfer device 2 are moved to the left and right at an interval wider than the width of the stem K of the onion T for seeding and narrower than the diameter of the flower ball portion S. A second transporting device 5 disposed therein, and a second cutting device 6 for cutting the stem K of the onion T for seeding at a set length from the flower ball portion S at the middle or at the end thereof being transported by the second transporting device 5. , 6 are provided.
In addition, the first transport device 2, the second transport device 5, and the second cutting devices 6 and 6 of the harvesting section W are attached to the machine so that the height can be adjusted. In this example, a mounting section 12 is provided on a working section frame 11 that supports the first transport apparatus 2, the second transport apparatus 5, and the second cutting apparatuses 6 and 6 of the harvesting section W. A mounting portion 13 having a plurality of mounting portions on the upper and lower sides is provided, and one mounting portion of the mounting portion 13 on the body frame 7 side is selected, and the mounting portion 12 on the working unit frame 11 is engaged and fixed there. I have. In addition, the harvesting work unit W is easily mounted by operating an operating tool for operating the vertical movement adjusting mechanism between the working unit frame 11 and the body frame 7 via a vertical movement adjusting mechanism constituted by a link mechanism or the like. It can also be provided so that the height can be adjusted. When the first cutting device 3 provided to be adjustable in height is configured to be supported by the working unit frame 11, the first transport device 2 cuts the first cutting device 3 relative to the position where the stem K of the onion T is held. The height of the harvesting work section W can be adjusted without changing the positional relationship between the positions, so that a good harvesting and harvesting operation can be performed.
The first transporting device 2 includes a pair of left and right nipping transporting bodies 14, 14,. In the present example, the sandwiching and conveying members 14, 14,... Are constituted by a belt-shaped endless belt whose outer peripheral surface is formed of an elastic member such as a sponge, and are arranged such that a pair of left and right, adjacent belt surfaces come close to or contact with each other. In addition, the adjacent belt surfaces are provided so as to be driven so as to move rearward, and furthermore, four pairs of left and right endless belts configured as described above are arranged side by side and vertically.
The first cutting device 3 includes a cutting action body 13 whose cutting action portion is wide left and right. Further, the cutting action body 15 of the first cutting device 3 is provided so as to be adjustable in height with respect to the body. In this example, the cutting action body 15 is configured as a clipper-type cutting device, and is transmitted through a transmission device appropriately provided with the power of the engine, and is transmitted even when the vertical position of the first cutting device 3 is changed. Power is transmitted through the flexible shaft 16 to maintain the state. The support structure of the first cutting device 3 is such that the support frames 17, 17 provided on the left and right sides of the cutting action body 12 are pivoted around mounting axes provided on the left and right sides inside the body frame 7 around the horizontal center in the horizontal direction. The front end of a lever 18 attached to the inside of the body frame 7 is rotatably mounted on the middle part of the support frame 17 on one of the right and left sides so as to be rotatable around the axis in the horizontal direction. The first cutting is performed by freely connecting the lever 18 to the lever guide 19 which is engaged with the rear part of the lever 18 so that the position can be changed, and changing the vertical engagement position of the lever 18 with the lever 18. The vertical position of the cutting action body 15 of the device 3 can be changed and adjusted with respect to the machine body. Note that the cutting action body 12 may be a rotary cutting device.
The second transporting device 5 moves the transporting bodies 4, 4 on the lower side in the transporting direction of the first transporting device 2 at an interval wider than the width of the stem K of the onion T for seeding and narrower than the diameter of the flower ball portion S. The second cutting devices 6 and 6 are arranged below the conveying working bodies 4 and 4 at a set interval. Here, the onion T for seeding, which has been nipped and transported by the first transport device 2, is released after the nipping state of the first transport device 2 is released, and the flower bulb portion S is supported by the transport action bodies 4 and 4. The stem K is transported in a suspended state. Here, the upper and lower positions of the flower ball portion S are automatically aligned, and thereafter, the stems K are harvested by cutting the stem K by the second cutting devices 6 and 6 arranged below the set distances from the transfer working bodies 4 and 4. The length of the stem K of the seeding onion T is trimmed to the set length. In a state where the stem is held between the left and right belts, a method of forcibly pulling the stem downwardly until the flower ball portion is hooked on the upper end surface of the belt to align the vertical position of the flower ball portion is also conceivable. However, if a plurality of stems at different heights of the flower ball portion are overlapped on the left and right, the plurality of stems are forcibly pulled down at the same time, and as a result, the flower ball portion There is a problem that the vertical positions cannot be aligned. In this regard, according to the above configuration, since the stalk is released by releasing the pinched state, the above-described problem hardly occurs. When a plurality of stems overlap left and right more than the interval between the left and right transfer action bodies 4 and 4 and the seeding onion is transferred, the stems may be difficult to drop. In this case, an auxiliary worker sits on the auxiliary seat 20 provided above the traveling device 1 and gets on the board, and the auxiliary operator drops the seeding onion T in the second transport device 5 as described above. When there is something not to do, the flower ball portion S can be pushed down by hand.
The second cutting devices 6 and 6 are provided in the middle and at the end of the second transport device 5 and are provided in two stages, so that the stem K can be cut and aligned more reliably. Also, a preliminary cutting device 21 is provided below the transport terminal end of the first transport device 2. Thereby, the stem K is cut short before the seeding onion T falls in the second transport device 5, and when the seeding onion T falls, the lower end of the stem K is cut on the top of the ridge or cut. It is possible to prevent the seeds from dropping sufficiently after being stuck on the stumps of the onion for seeding.
In this example, the second transporting device 5 has a configuration in which a transport belt with lugs is provided on the left and right outer sides, a transport belt without lugs is provided on the left and right inner sides, and both belts are driven so that adjacent belt surfaces move rearward. The pair of right and left conveyor belts are arranged side by side in two sets, and are inherited from the respective transfer end portions of the two sets of sandwiching conveyors 14, 14; It is provided to transport T. Note that the left and right outer transporting action members 4 and 4 support the flower ball portion S at the upper end surface of the belt and transport the rear portion in a state where the stem portion K is suspended without sandwiching the stem portion K as described above. A belt with lugs is used to ensure that the conveyance is performed in the rearward direction. The conveyor belts on the left and right inner sides may be provided with lugs. Also, the left and right transport belts may be configured without lugs.
The second cutting devices 6, 6, 6 and the preliminary cutting device 21 are provided with disk-shaped rotary blades driven and rotated so as to overlap each other on the left and right sides, and the overlapped portion is provided by the first transfer device 2 and the second transfer device. 5 is located below the transport path. Of course, another cutting mechanism may be employed.
By the way, on the front side of the first transport device 2, there is provided a guide device 22 for guiding a seeding onion T planted in the ridge U to the transport start end of the first transport device 2. This guiding device 22 is provided with a weeding body 23 at the left and right central portions, which is divided and guided at the left and right nipping and transporting start ends of the nipping and transporting bodies 14 and 14 of the first transporting device 2, and is rotationally driven to both left and right outer sides. Transport guides 24, 24; 24, 24 are provided.
On the rear side of the second transport device 5, the onion T for seeds cut by the second cutting devices 6 and 6 is inherited from the second transport device 5 and transported toward the harvest container mounting unit 10. A third transfer device 25 is provided. The third transport device 25 includes transport belts 34, 34, which will be described later, that are driven and rotated at the left and right center sides, and pinching rods 59, 59 provided on the left and right outer sides of the transport belts 34, 34. The holding rods 59, 59 are rotatably mounted around a vertical axis disposed on the side of the conveyance start end, and are further urged by a resilient member such as a spring so that the holding rods 59, 59 are moved by the conveyance belt 34, 59. 34 is provided so as to be in pressure contact with the belt surface. The stalk K of the seeding onion T is sandwiched between the conveying belts 34, 34 and the holding rods 59, 59, and is conveyed. In addition, the holding rods 59, 59 resist the urging of the repelling member. Can be moved away from the conveyor belts 34, 34 to the left and right outside, so that when the harvesting container is full and is to be replaced, the onion T for seeding being conveyed by the third conveyor 25 is transferred. Can be easily taken out at once by an operator.
In the present embodiment, the transmission configuration of each device of the harvesting work unit W is configured as follows. That is, power is transmitted from the engine mounted above the traveling device 1 on one of the left and right sides to the upper portion of the body frame 7 on the left and right sides along the portal-shaped body frame 7 via a transmission device appropriately provided. The power is branched from a transmission path to the traveling device 1 below the power transmission device, and transmitted to a telescopic transmission shaft 26 extending downward. Then, the power is transmitted into a transmission case 27 disposed on the rear upper side of the second transporting device 5 and supported by the work unit frame 11, and the power input into the transmission case 27 is transmitted to a transmission shaft extending in the left-right direction. The power is branched forward from the four positions of the transmission shaft, and the power is transmitted above the rear rotating shafts 28, 28, 28, 28 of the respective transfer working bodies 4, 4; Taken out. Then, the extracted power is transmitted to each of the rear rotation shafts 28, 28, 28, 28 via the transmission shafts 29, 29, 29, 29 extending downward. The transmission shaft 26 is configured to be expandable and contractable because the transmission shaft 26 needs to expand and contract accordingly when the vertical height of the harvesting work unit W is adjusted as described above.
As shown in FIG. 5, the rear rotation shafts 28, 28, 28, 28 of the second transport device 5 are rotatably mounted on rotation shaft mounting portions 30 provided on the working unit frame 11, and the rear rotation shafts 28, 28, 28, 28 for transmitting power to the pulley 31 for rotating the transport belt, which is the transport operating body 4 of the second transport device 5, and the front rotary shaft 32 of the second transport device 5 in order from the top. The upper pulley 33 of the transmission pulley, the pulley 35 for driving and rotating the transport belt 34 of the third transport device 25 (only two rotating shafts on the left and right sides), and the onion when the second cutting devices 6 and 6 perform the cutting action. The upper roller 36 of the stalk holding roller for holding the stalk K is attached, and further transmitted to the front rotation shaft 28 of the second transfer device 5 below the rotation shaft mounting portion 30 of the working unit frame 11. Lower pulley for transmission 7, a transmission pulley 39 for transmitting to the rotating shaft 38 of the front second cutting device 6, 6; a lower roller 40 of the stalk holding roller; The rotating blade is attached. Therefore, the power of the engine is transmitted to the rear rotating shaft 28 of the second transport device 5 and the rotary shaft is driven to rotate, whereby the pulley 31 for rotating the transport belt of the second transport device 5 and the second transport device 5, the pulleys 33 and 37 for transmission to the front rotation shaft 32, the pulley 35 for drive rotation of the third transport device 25, the stem holding rollers 36 and 40, and the pulley 39 for transmission to the second cutting devices 6 and 6 on the front side. Then, the rear second cutting devices 6 and 6 rotate integrally.
In front of the rear rotation shafts 28, 28, 28, 28 of the second transport device 5, in order from the rear side to the front side, the rotation shaft 38 of the front second cutting device 6, 6 and the second The front rotation shaft 32 of the transfer device 5, the front rotation shaft 41 of the transfer working bodies 4 on the left and right sides of the second transfer device 5, and the front rotation shaft 42 of the first transfer device 2 are attached to the respective rotation shafts of the working unit frame 11. It is attached to the parts 30. The four front rotation shafts 42, 42, 42, 42 of the first transport device 2 are two front rotation shafts, two front rotation shafts 42, 42 arranged on the left and right center sides, arranged on both left and right outer sides. They are arranged so as to be located ahead of the shafts 42, 42.
Each of the rotating shafts 38, 38, 38, 38 of the front-side second cutting devices 6, 6 is provided with a disk-shaped rotary blade, which is the front-side second cutting device 6, 6, at the lower end. A lower roller 43 of a stem holding roller for holding the stem K of the onion when the second cutting devices 6 and 6 perform the cutting operation is attached. A transmission pulley 44 provided to receive the pedestal portion is mounted, and an upper roller 45 of a stalk holding roller is mounted above the rotary shaft mounting portion 30 of the working unit frame 11. Then, a transmission belt 46 is wound around the transmission pulley 44 and a transmission pulley 39 attached to a lower portion of the rear rotation shaft 28 of the second conveyance device 5, and the rotation shaft 38 is moved by the second conveyance device 5. The second cutting devices 6 and 6 and the stem holding rollers 43 and 46 rotate integrally by being transmitted from the rear rotation shaft 28.
A disc-shaped rotary blade, which is a preliminary cutting device 21, is attached to the lower end of each of the front rotating shafts 32, 32, 32, 32 of the second transporting device 5. A drive pulley 47 for driving the nipping transport body 14 is mounted, and a transmission pulley 48 provided to receive power from below the rear rotary shaft 28 of the second transport device 5 is mounted on the upper side of the drive pulley 47. A drive pulley 49 for driving the upper clamping transport body 14 of the first transport device 2 is mounted above the rotary shaft mounting portion 30 of the first transport device 11, and above the rear rotary shaft 28 of the second transport device 5 above the drive pulley 49. A transmission pulley 50 provided to receive power transmission is mounted, and a pulley 51 for transport belt rotation, which is the transport operating body 4 of the second transport device 5, is further mounted on the upper side. Then, transmission belts 52, 52 are wound around the upper and lower transmission pulleys 48, 50 and the transmission pulleys 33, 37 attached above and below the rear rotating shaft 28 of the second transport device 5, respectively. The transport belt, which is the transport working body 4, is wound around the pulley 51 for rotating the transport belt on the front rotary shaft 32 of the transport device 5 and the pulley 31 for rotating the transport belt on the rear rotary shaft 28 of the second transport device 5. The transport belts, which are the transport working bodies 4 and 4 on the left and right sides of the second transport device 5, are not rotated by the pulley 51 of the front rotary shaft 32, but are disposed on the front rotary shaft 41 disposed on the front side of the front rotary shaft 32. , 41 and attached to the pulleys 53, 53 attached thereto. Accordingly, the front rotary shaft 32 is transmitted from the rear rotary shaft 28 of the second transport device 5 and rotates, and the preliminary cutting device 21 and the transport working body 4 of the second transport device 5 rotate integrally. I have. In addition, since the front side of the transfer working bodies 4 and 4 of the second transfer device 5 is disposed so as to overlap the rear side of the sandwiching transfer bodies 14 and 14 of the first transfer device 2, the second transfer device Successive transfer to the transfer device 5 is performed favorably.
Each of the front rotating shafts 42, 42, 42, 42 of the first transport device 2 is vertically arranged with the rotary shaft mounting portion 30 of the working unit frame 11 therebetween. The 14 driven pulleys 54 and 55 are attached so as to rotate integrally. The upper and lower nipping transport bodies 14, 14 of the first transport apparatus 2 are wound around the driven pulleys 54, 55 and drive pulleys 47, 49 mounted above and below the front rotary shaft 32 of the second transport apparatus 5, respectively. By the rotation of the front rotation shaft 32 of the two conveyance device 5, the nipping conveyance bodies 14 of the first conveyance device 2 are driven to rotate, and the front rotation shaft 42 is also rotated.
The transport guides 24, 24; 24 of the guide device 22 provided on both left and right outer sides of the front rotary shafts 42, 42 on the left and right outer sides of the front rotary shaft of the first transport device 2. , 24 for driving and rotating the upper and lower conveyor belts. The transfer guides 24, 24 of the guide device 22 are mounted on the pulleys 56, 56; 56, 56 and the pulleys mounted on the upper and lower sides of a support frame 57 mounted on the front rotation shafts 42, 42 so as to be rotatable left and right. The transport guides 24, 24; 24, 24 are rotationally driven by the front rotation shafts 42, 42 being wound around the transport guides 24, 24. Further, gear-shaped rotating plates 58, 58 having a plurality of large teeth formed on the outer periphery in plan view are provided at the lower ends of the two front rotating shafts 42, 42 on the left and right central sides of the front rotating shaft of the first transfer device 2. Are mounted so that they rotate together. The gear-shaped rotary plates 58, 58 rotate so as to feed the seeding onion T planted on the ridge U to the transport start end of the first transporting device 2, and take-in of the seeding onion T of the first transporting device 2 takes place. It will be good.
The onion-harvesting machine for seeds configured as described above operates as follows to perform a harvesting operation. First, the airframe is positioned so that the left and right traveling devices 1 and 1 pass over the ridge U so as to pass through the left and right valleys of the ridge U, and the left and right traveling devices 1 and 1 are driven to move the airframe. Self-propelled. Then, the ridges U pass through the inside of the gate-shaped body frame 7 and are planted on the ridges U under the action of the harvesting work section W provided inside the gate-shaped body frame 7. The harvested onion T is harvested and harvested.
As shown in FIG. 5, the harvesting work section W first guides the onion T for seeding planted in the ridge U by the guiding device 22 to the nipping and transporting start end of the first transporting device 2, and the guided seeding for seeding. The first transporting device 2 clamps the stem K of the onion T and transports it rearward. Then, during the transport, the first cutting device 3 cuts the stem K of the seeding onion T, and cuts the seeding onion T from the ridge. The seeding onion T cut from the ridge is taken over by the second transport device 5, but before that, the preliminary cutting device 21 cuts the stem portion K short. After the stem K is cut short in this way, the onion T for seeding is taken over by the second transport device 5 and transported rearward by the transport members 4 of the second transport device 5. Here, since the transfer working bodies 4 and 4 of the second transfer device 5 are arranged on the left and right at an interval wider than the width of the stem K of the seeding onion T and narrower than the diameter of the flower ball portion S, the onion for seeding is used. T is transported in a state where the pinched state by the first transport device 2 is released and the flower bulb portion S is supported by the transport members 4 and 4 and the stem portion K is suspended. Conveyed in such a state, the second cutting devices 6, 6 arranged below the second conveying device 5 at the set interval cut the stem K of the onion T for seeding from the flower ball portion S to the set length. A plurality of second cutting devices 6 and 6 are provided before and after, and in the second transport device 5, the seeding onion T falls as described above, and the flower bulb portion S is supported by the transport action members 4 and 4, and the stem portion K Even if the suspended state is delayed, the stem K is cut at a set length from the flower ball portion S by the second cutting device 6 arranged on the rear side. Cutting can be performed more reliably. The third transporting device 25 receives the seeding onion T in which the stalk K is trimmed to the set length in this manner, and the stalk K is nipped and transported. The onion T for seeds transported by the third transport device 25 is received by the worker sitting on the seats 8, 8 and stored in the harvest container placed on the harvest container mounting part 10. When the harvest container is filled with the onion T for seeding, the operator lowers the filled harvest container to the ground behind the fuselage and places the empty harvest container, which was placed in a suitable place on the fuselage, into the harvest container. It is placed on the placement unit 10.
As described above, the harvesting work unit W guides the seeding onion T planted in the ridge U by the guiding device 22 to the sandwiching start end of the first transport device 2, and transports the guided seeding onion T to the first transporting device. The first cutting device 3 cuts the stem K and cuts the onion T for seeding from the ridge U while the device 2 is nipping and transporting the seeds, and the seeding is performed by the second transporting device 5 and the second cutting devices 6 and 6. The stalk K of the onion T is trimmed to a set length, and the stalk K is transported by the third transport device 25 toward the harvesting container mounting portion 10. The working portion has a reaping and harvesting operation process. Further, the work path having the harvesting work process is configured such that a plurality of rows (two rows in this example) are arranged in parallel on the left and right, and the onion T for planting a large number of seeds on the ridge U is divided into a plurality of work paths to perform the work. Since it is performed, the reaping and harvesting operation as described above can be performed efficiently and accurately.
The second cutting devices 6 and 6 are provided in the middle and at the end of the second transport device 5 and are provided in two stages, so that the stem K can be cut and aligned more reliably. Also, a preliminary cutting device 21 is provided below the transport terminal end of the first transport device 2. Thereby, the stem K is cut short before the seeding onion T falls in the second transport device 5, and when the seeding onion T falls, the lower end of the stem K is cut on the top of the ridge or cut. It is possible to prevent the seeds from dropping sufficiently after being stuck on the stumps of the onion for seeding.
Also, when the length of the seeding onion T planted on the ridge U is generally high or low, the first transport device 2, the second transport device 5, and the second cutting device of the harvesting work section W are correspondingly performed. Adjust the height of 6, 6 to the body as appropriate.
When the height of the ridge U is high or low with respect to the machine body, the first cutting device 3 is appropriately adjusted to the height accordingly.
Other than during the harvesting work, if the harvesting work part W is removed, the traveling machine is allowed to run over the ridge U and self-propelled during other work such as onion mother ball planting work and pest control work. The work can be performed by getting on the traveling body. During the work of planting the ball of the onion, the mounting portion for mounting the container containing the ball of the onion on the machine body may be attached to the traveling machine body, and for the pest control operation, the control device may be attached to the machine body.
Therefore, by obtaining the onion-harvesting machine for seeding by configuring as described above, the harvesting and harvesting operation of the onion for seeding can be mechanized, and the labor for harvesting the onion for seeding can be reduced, and the length of the stem portion can be reduced. The onion for seeds can be harvested in a uniform manner, and the bundling work in the post-process and the drying processing work after the bundling become easy.
In addition, when the length of the onion for seeding planted on the ridge U is generally high or low, the height of the harvesting work section W can be appropriately adjusted, so that an accurate harvesting operation can be performed. When the height is high or low relative to the body, the height of the first cutting device 3 can be appropriately adjusted, and the onion for seeding planted on the ridge can be properly cut.
Then, except during the harvesting operation, the harvesting work section W is removed, and the traveling machine can be used for other work such as onion ball planting work and pest control work, so that the use value of the machine is increased, and labor for other work is reduced. I can do it.
Although not shown in the drawings, a binding device that binds the stem K of the seeding onion T harvested and harvested by the harvesting work unit W with a binding tool such as a string or tape is provided at a rear portion of the harvesting work unit W. The efficiency of harvesting work is further improved and labor is reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a seeding onion harvester.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a seeding onion harvester.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a seeding onion harvester.
FIG. 4 is a side view of a harvesting work unit.
FIG. 5 is a side view showing a harvesting operation state.
[Explanation of symbols]
1,1: Traveling device
2: First transfer device
3: First cutting device
4,4: Conveyor body
5: Second transport device
6,6: Second cutting device
7: Airframe
K: Stalk of onion for seeding
S: Flower ball part of onion for seeding
T: Onion for seeding
U: ridge
W: Harvest work department

Claims

A harvesting unit W for harvesting and harvesting a seeding onion T planted on a ridge U is provided on an airframe equipped with the traveling devices 1, 1. First conveying device 2 for nipping and conveying the stalk K, first cutting device 3 for cutting the stalk K of the seeding onion T planted in the ridge U, and the conveying direction of the first conveying device 2 A second transporting device 5 in which the transporting action bodies 4 and 4 are arranged on the left and right sides at an interval wider than the width of the stem K of the seeding onion T and narrower than the diameter of the flower ball portion S; A second cutting device 6, 6 for cutting the stem portion K of the seeding onion T from the flower ball portion S at a set length in the middle or at the end of the onion harvesting machine. .

The onion for seeding according to claim 1, wherein the first transport device 2, the second transport device 5, and the second cutting devices 6, 6 of the harvesting work unit W are provided so as to be adjustable in height with respect to the machine body. Harvester.

The onion harvesting machine according to claim 1, wherein the first cutting device (3) is provided so as to be adjustable in height.

The traveling devices 1 and 1 are disposed on the left and right sides, and a portal-shaped body frame 7 is provided on the left and right traveling devices 1 and 1. The harvesting work unit W is provided inside the portal-shaped body frame 7. The onion harvesting machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the onion harvester is detachably attached.