JP2004037881A - Hydrophilic optical window of optical equipment and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Hydrophilic optical window of optical equipment and its manufacturing method Download PDF

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JP2004037881A
JP2004037881A JP2002195429A JP2002195429A JP2004037881A JP 2004037881 A JP2004037881 A JP 2004037881A JP 2002195429 A JP2002195429 A JP 2002195429A JP 2002195429 A JP2002195429 A JP 2002195429A JP 2004037881 A JP2004037881 A JP 2004037881A
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optical
thin film
optical window
diamond
hydrophilic
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Makoto Inaba
稲葉 允
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Optical Coatings Japan
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Optical Coatings Japan
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for preventing the phenomenon of a diamond-like carbon film in which moisture on a surface becomes water drops on the basis that it is water repellent and to provide the optical window of optical equipment utilizing the physical properties of high hardness, chemical stability and excellent transparency, etc., that the diamond-like carbon film is originally provided with. <P>SOLUTION: For this optical window of the optical equipment, a desired thin film such as the diamond-like carbon film is formed on a substrate and the surface is hydrophilic. Also, the arrangement is adopted to the optical window of equipment handling infrared rays. Also, this method for manufacturing the optical window is composed of a process of forming the thin film such as the diamond-like carbon film on the substrate and a treatment process of making the surface hydrophilic. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、カメラやセンサーなどの光学機器に用いられる光学窓と、その光学窓の製法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
光学カメラ、センサー等の光学機器において、光学系の光路上の最も外側に、保護等の目的で窓が設けられている。窓は、内部の光検出器、レンズ、フィルターなどの光学素子を粉塵や水分などから保護すると共に、光線を装置内部に導入する機能を果たしている。さらに、傷を付き難くするため、耐環境性や耐薬品性を向上させるため、カメラやセンサー等の光学機器が用いている波長の光に対して増透過(反射防止)機能をもたせるため等の目的で、当該光学窓の表面に薄膜を形成させることがある。そのような薄膜は、硬度が高いこと、化学的に安定であること、透明性に優れていること等の物性を備えていることが求められる。プラズマCVD法で製作されたダイヤモンド状炭素(DLC)膜は、製造条件を選ぶことにより極めて硬く、水分や塩分に対して極めて安定で、赤外光を透過するため、前述の要求事項を良く満たしており、赤外線カメラのレンズ面に応用されている。
【0003】
しかしながら、従来の光学窓の場合、最表面が結露や水分・汚れ付着等により、カメラやセンサー等の光学機器の特性に障害を起こすことがあった。特に前述の、硬く安定なプラズマCVD法によるダイヤモンド状炭素膜は、表面が高い撥水性を有しているため、表面の水分が水滴状となりやすく、光学機器としての使用上問題となることがままあった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、撥水性であることに基き表面の水分が水滴状となるダイヤモンド状炭素膜の現象を防止する手法を提示し、該ダイヤモンド状炭素膜が本来有している硬度が高く、化学的に安定であり、透明性に優れている等の物性を生かした光学機器の光学窓を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するため、本発明の光学機器の光学窓は、基板上にダイヤモンド状炭素膜等の所望の薄膜を形成したものであって、その表面が親水性を有していることを特徴とする。また、上記の構成を赤外線を扱う機器の光学窓に採用する。
また本発明の光学機器の光学窓を製造する方法は、基板上にダイヤモンド状炭素膜等の薄膜を形成する工程と、その表面を親水性とする処理工程とからなる製造方法である。前記親水性をもたせる処理工程は薄膜の表面を酸素プラズマ雰囲気下にさらす処理であったり、二酸化ケイ素SiO膜を蒸着あるいはスパッタリングすることで形成させたり、イソプロピルアルコールを塗布して後焼成し、両極性分子を吸着させるなどの手法が採用される。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の光学機器の光学窓は、硬く安定なプラズマCVD法によるダイヤモンド状炭素膜が、表面が高い撥水性を有しているため、表面の水分が水滴状となりやすく、光学機器としての使用上問題となっていることに鑑み、表面の撥水性を親水性に変えることにより水滴化を防止することに想到したものである。図1は、本発明による光学機器の光学窓の一実施形態の構成を示す模式図である。図中、1は基板であり、2はこの基板1上に形成された薄膜、そして、3が該薄膜の表面部分が親水性を示すように処理された部分である。
【0007】
具体的に基板の材質としては、ガラスのような非晶質材料、シリコンSi、ゲルマニウムGeなどの単結晶または多結晶材料材料、セレン化亜鉛ZnSeなどの化合物材料があげられる。薄膜としてはダイヤモンド状炭素(DLC)膜が望ましい。このようなダイヤモンド状炭素膜の成膜には、直流スパッタ法、高周波スパッタ法、マグネトロンスパッタ法、イオンビームスパッタ法など、いわゆるPVD法が用いられる。あるいは、メタンやエチレンなどの炭化水素系ガスをプラズマで分解して堆積させる、いわゆるプラズマCVD法を用いることもできる。成膜された薄膜の性質は、これらの作成方法や作成条件により大きく異なるが、一般的にプラズマCVD法で作成された薄膜が、その硬さと化学的安定性の観点で、優れている。ところで成膜されたままの薄膜は、膜の種類等により、時には高い撥水性であることがある。特にプラズマCVD法で成膜されたダイヤモンド状炭素膜は、一般に非常に高い撥水性を示す。そのような薄膜表面に、本発明はその表面を親水性となるように改質処理を施すのであるが、その代表的具体化手段として酸素プラズマ雰囲気下にさらすことで、処理する手法をとる。完全に解析できているわけではないが、上記の処理をした場合、薄膜表面のDLCの一部にカルボニル形態の構造(O=C−O−)ができ、親水性を増すものと考えられる。
【0008】
親水性となるように改質処理の手法としては、上記のものの他、親水性物質の薄膜を蒸着あるいはスパッタリングの方法で形成させる手法でもよい。例えば親水性物質として二酸化ケイ素SiOを用い、蒸着あるいはスパッタリングの方法で5nm程度の薄膜を形成させる。この他イソプロピルアルコールを塗布して後焼成し、両極性を示すイソプロピルアルコール分子をDLC表面に吸着させるなどして鹸化形態により親水性をもたせる手法も採用され得る。
【0009】
このような処理が施された光学窓では、表面が親水性であるため、付着した水分は水滴状となりにくく、窓表面で薄く均一に伸ばされた状態、いわゆる濡れた状態となる。その結果、光学的な障害となり難く光学機器として良好な画像や信号出力が得られる。
【0010】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の一実施例について説明する。図2は本実施例に用いる容量結合型で平行平板構成のプラズマCVD装置であって、10は真空チャンバー、11は高周波給電電極、12は対向接地電極、4は基板、5は原料ガス供給口、6は高周波電源であり、7はマッチング回路、8は排気口であり、9が形成されるプラズマ領域である。基板4として10×20mmのシリコンSiウエハーを用いた。基板4は前もってジエチルエーテルを含ませた清浄な布で拭き上げられた後、基板ホルダーを用いて高周波給電電極11上に設置した。真空チャンバーを5×10−4Pa以下に排気した後、原料ガス供給口5からエチレンガスを113sccmチャンバー10内に導入した。続いて高周波電源より13.56MHz,1.35kWの高周波を印加してプラズマ9を発生させ、ダイヤモンド状炭素膜を所定の膜厚まで堆積させた。このときの膜厚測定は水晶振動子を用いその振動数変化から膜厚をモニターする方法をとり、予め求めておいた換算式を用いて所定膜厚となった際の振動数となった時点で停止させる制御を行なった。成膜終了後、基板を一旦取り出し、プラズマ処理装置の対向接地電極12上に設置した。真空チャンバー10を5×10−4Pa以下に排気した後、原料ガス供給口5から酸素ガスを200sccmチャンバー1内に導入した。高周波電源6より13.56MHz,1.75kWの高周波を印加し、プラズマ9を発生させ、5分間処理を行った。
【0011】
前記実施例の工程において、ダイヤモンド状炭素膜の成膜終了後、酸素ガスにさらすプラズマ処理を行わずそのままとしたものを比較例として用意した。すなわち、これは親水化処理を施していないDLC膜の光学素子であり、前記実施例の工程すべてを行ない、親水化処理を施した本発明のDLC膜の光学素子との2種類の光学窓について、水に対する接触角を測定し、評価した。その結果を表1に示す。
【表1】

Figure 2004037881
このように、比較例のように撥水性の高かったものが、本実施例では格段に親水性を増していることが判る。
【0012】
【発明の効果】
本発明の光学機器の光学窓は、基板と、該基板の表面上に形成された薄膜とからなる光学素子であって、前記薄膜の表面が親水性であることを特徴とするものであるから、その表面に水滴が結露するようなことが避けられ、カメラやセンサー等の光学機器においてその機能を阻害することがない。
薄膜としてダイヤモンド状炭素膜を用いたものにおいては撥水性であることに基き表面の水分が水滴状となるダイヤモンド状炭素膜の現象を防止し、該ダイヤモンド状炭素膜が本来有している硬度が高く、化学的に安定であり、透明性に優れている等の物性を生かした光学機器の光学窓を提供できた。
また本発明の光学機器の光学窓を赤外線カメラ等の赤外光用光学機器に採用して、その表面に水滴が結露するようなことが避けられ、赤外光用光学機器として本来の機能を阻害することがない。
本発明の親水性を有する光学機器の光学窓の製造方法は、基板表面上に薄膜を設ける工程と、薄膜の表面を親水性に処理する工程とからなるものであり、親水性とすることにより、その光学窓の表面に水滴が結露するようなことが避けられる。そして、表面を親水性とする工程が、酸素プラズマにさらすプラズマ処理を採用した本発明は、薄膜形成と同じプラズマ装置のチャンバー内で処理できるので、製造方法に用いるシステムがコンパクトに収まる効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の光学機器の光学窓の構成を示す模式図である。
【図2】本発明の実施例に用いる高周波プラズマCVD装置を説明する図である。
【符号の説明】
1 基板          7 マッチング回路
2 薄膜          8 排気口
3 処理層         9 プラズマ領域
4 基板          10 真空チャンバー
5 原料ガス供給口     11 高周波給電電極
6 高周波電源       12 対向接地電極[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an optical window used for an optical device such as a camera or a sensor, and a method for manufacturing the optical window.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art In an optical device such as an optical camera and a sensor, a window is provided on the outermost side of an optical path of an optical system for the purpose of protection or the like. The window functions to protect optical elements such as a photodetector, a lens, and a filter therein from dust and moisture, and to introduce a light beam into the apparatus. Furthermore, in order to make it hard to be scratched, to improve environmental resistance and chemical resistance, to provide a function of increasing transmission (anti-reflection) to light having a wavelength used by optical devices such as cameras and sensors. For the purpose, a thin film may be formed on the surface of the optical window. Such a thin film is required to have physical properties such as high hardness, chemical stability, and excellent transparency. The diamond-like carbon (DLC) film manufactured by the plasma CVD method is extremely hard depending on the manufacturing conditions, is extremely stable against moisture and salts, and transmits infrared light, and thus satisfies the above requirements well. And applied to the lens surface of infrared cameras.
[0003]
However, in the case of the conventional optical window, the characteristics of optical devices such as a camera and a sensor may be impaired due to dew condensation, moisture and dirt adhesion on the outermost surface. In particular, the above-mentioned hard and stable diamond-like carbon film formed by the plasma CVD method has a high water-repellent surface, so that water on the surface tends to be in the form of water droplets, which can be a problem in use as an optical device. there were.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The problem of the present invention is to present a technique for preventing the phenomenon of a diamond-like carbon film in which water on the surface becomes water-drop-like based on water repellency, and the diamond-like carbon film has a high hardness originally possessed, An object of the present invention is to provide an optical window of an optical device that makes use of physical properties such as being chemically stable and excellent in transparency.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the optical window of the optical device of the present invention is formed by forming a desired thin film such as a diamond-like carbon film on a substrate, and has a hydrophilic surface. Features. Further, the above configuration is adopted for an optical window of a device that handles infrared rays.
Further, the method for manufacturing an optical window of an optical device according to the present invention is a manufacturing method including a step of forming a thin film such as a diamond-like carbon film on a substrate and a processing step of making the surface hydrophilic. The treatment process for imparting hydrophilicity is a treatment in which the surface of the thin film is exposed to an oxygen plasma atmosphere, a process in which a silicon dioxide SiO 2 film is formed by vapor deposition or sputtering, or a process in which isopropyl alcohol is applied and baked, A technique such as adsorption of a hydrophilic molecule is employed.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the optical window of the optical device of the present invention, since the surface of the diamond-like carbon film formed by the hard and stable plasma CVD method has high water repellency, water on the surface tends to be in the form of water droplets. In view of the problem, the present inventors have conceived of preventing water droplets by changing the water repellency of the surface to hydrophilic. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of an optical window of an optical device according to the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a substrate, 2 is a thin film formed on the substrate 1, and 3 is a portion of the thin film which has been treated so that the surface portion shows hydrophilicity.
[0007]
Specifically, examples of the material of the substrate include an amorphous material such as glass, a single crystal or polycrystalline material such as silicon Si and germanium Ge, and a compound material such as zinc selenide ZnSe. The thin film is preferably a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film. To form such a diamond-like carbon film, a so-called PVD method such as a DC sputtering method, a high-frequency sputtering method, a magnetron sputtering method, or an ion beam sputtering method is used. Alternatively, a so-called plasma CVD method in which a hydrocarbon-based gas such as methane or ethylene is decomposed and deposited by plasma can be used. The properties of the formed thin film vary greatly depending on these preparation methods and preparation conditions. In general, a thin film prepared by a plasma CVD method is excellent in terms of its hardness and chemical stability. By the way, a thin film as formed may sometimes have high water repellency depending on the type of the film and the like. In particular, a diamond-like carbon film formed by a plasma CVD method generally shows very high water repellency. In the present invention, such a thin film surface is subjected to a modification treatment so as to make the surface hydrophilic, and a method of treating the thin film surface by exposing it to an oxygen plasma atmosphere is used as a typical embodiment thereof. Although not completely analyzed, it is considered that when the above treatment is performed, a carbonyl structure (O = C-O-) is formed on a part of the DLC on the surface of the thin film, and the hydrophilicity is increased.
[0008]
As a method of the modification treatment so as to become hydrophilic, a method of forming a thin film of a hydrophilic substance by a vapor deposition or sputtering method may be used in addition to the above. For example, silicon dioxide SiO 2 is used as a hydrophilic substance, and a thin film of about 5 nm is formed by a vapor deposition or sputtering method. In addition, a method of applying isopropyl alcohol, post-baking, and adsorbing isopropyl alcohol molecules exhibiting both polarities to the surface of the DLC to impart hydrophilicity by saponification may be employed.
[0009]
Since the surface of the optical window that has been subjected to such a treatment is hydrophilic, the adhered moisture is unlikely to form a water droplet, and a thin and uniform spread on the window surface, that is, a so-called wet state. As a result, it is possible to obtain a good image or signal output as an optical device which is unlikely to be an optical obstacle.
[0010]
【Example】
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 shows a capacitively-coupled parallel-plate type plasma CVD apparatus used in the present embodiment, in which 10 is a vacuum chamber, 11 is a high-frequency power supply electrode, 12 is a counter ground electrode, 4 is a substrate, 5 is a source gas supply port. , 6 are high frequency power supplies, 7 is a matching circuit, 8 is an exhaust port, and 9 is a plasma region in which it is formed. As the substrate 4, a 10 × 20 mm 2 silicon Si wafer was used. The substrate 4 was previously wiped off with a clean cloth containing diethyl ether, and then placed on the high-frequency power supply electrode 11 using a substrate holder. After evacuating the vacuum chamber to 5 × 10 −4 Pa or less, ethylene gas was introduced into the 113 sccm chamber 10 from the raw material gas supply port 5. Subsequently, a plasma 9 was generated by applying a high frequency of 13.56 MHz and 1.35 kW from a high frequency power supply, and a diamond-like carbon film was deposited to a predetermined thickness. At this time, the film thickness was measured by using a quartz oscillator to monitor the film thickness from a change in the frequency, and the frequency at which the film thickness reached the predetermined film thickness was obtained using a conversion formula obtained in advance. Was controlled to stop. After the film formation, the substrate was once taken out and placed on the counter ground electrode 12 of the plasma processing apparatus. After evacuating the vacuum chamber 10 to 5 × 10 −4 Pa or less, oxygen gas was introduced into the 200 sccm chamber 1 from the raw material gas supply port 5. A high frequency power of 13.56 MHz and 1.75 kW was applied from a high frequency power supply 6 to generate plasma 9 and processing was performed for 5 minutes.
[0011]
In the process of the above-described example, a plasma treatment was performed without subjecting the film to the oxygen gas after the completion of the formation of the diamond-like carbon film. That is, this is an optical element of a DLC film that has not been subjected to a hydrophilic treatment, and all the steps of the above-described embodiment have been performed. The contact angle with water was measured and evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
[Table 1]
Figure 2004037881
Thus, it can be seen that those having high water repellency as in the comparative example have markedly increased hydrophilicity in this example.
[0012]
【The invention's effect】
The optical window of the optical apparatus of the present invention is an optical element comprising a substrate and a thin film formed on the surface of the substrate, wherein the surface of the thin film is hydrophilic. In addition, water droplets are prevented from being condensed on the surface thereof, and the function of optical devices such as cameras and sensors is not hindered.
In the case where the diamond-like carbon film is used as the thin film, the water-repellent surface of the diamond-like carbon film prevents the phenomenon of the diamond-like carbon film, which is water-repellent, and the hardness inherent in the diamond-like carbon film is reduced. An optical window of an optical device that makes use of physical properties such as high cost, chemical stability, and excellent transparency could be provided.
In addition, the optical window of the optical device of the present invention is adopted in an optical device for infrared light such as an infrared camera to prevent water droplets from condensing on the surface thereof, and the original function as the optical device for infrared light is prevented. Does not inhibit.
The method for producing an optical window of an optical device having hydrophilicity according to the present invention comprises a step of providing a thin film on a substrate surface and a step of treating the surface of the thin film to be hydrophilic. Thus, it is possible to prevent water droplets from condensing on the surface of the optical window. In the present invention, in which the process of making the surface hydrophilic is performed by plasma treatment in which the surface is exposed to oxygen plasma, the treatment can be performed in the same plasma apparatus chamber as the thin film formation. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an optical window of an optical device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a high-frequency plasma CVD apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Substrate 7 Matching circuit 2 Thin film 8 Exhaust port 3 Processing layer 9 Plasma region 4 Substrate 10 Vacuum chamber 5 Source gas supply port 11 High frequency power supply electrode 6 High frequency power supply 12 Opposite ground electrode

Claims (5)

基板と、該基板の表面上に形成された薄膜とからなる光学素子であって、前記薄膜の表面が親水性であることを特徴とする光学機器の光学窓。An optical element for an optical device, comprising: a substrate; and a thin film formed on a surface of the substrate, wherein the surface of the thin film is hydrophilic. 薄膜がダイヤモンド状炭素膜である請求項1に記載の光学機器の光学窓。The optical window according to claim 1, wherein the thin film is a diamond-like carbon film. 光学窓は赤外光用である請求項1又は2に記載の光学機器の光学窓。The optical window according to claim 1, wherein the optical window is for infrared light. 基板表面上に薄膜を設ける工程と、薄膜の表面を親水性に処理する工程とからなる、親水性を有する光学機器の光学窓の製造方法。A method for producing an optical window of an optical device having hydrophilicity, comprising a step of providing a thin film on a substrate surface and a step of treating the surface of the thin film with hydrophilicity. 表面を親水性とする工程が、酸素プラズマ雰囲気にさらすプラズマ処理である請求項4に記載の光学機器の光学窓の製造方法。The method for producing an optical window of an optical device according to claim 4, wherein the step of making the surface hydrophilic is a plasma treatment of exposing the surface to an oxygen plasma atmosphere.
JP2002195429A 2002-07-04 2002-07-04 Hydrophilic optical window of optical equipment and its manufacturing method Pending JP2004037881A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008230880A (en) * 2007-03-19 2008-10-02 Toyo Advanced Technologies Co Ltd Method for modifying diamond-like thin film, superhydrophilic material, medical material, medical appliance and method for producing the same
JP2010265123A (en) * 2009-05-12 2010-11-25 Nagasaki Univ Method and apparatus for producing hydrophilic carbonaceous film
JP2014115634A (en) * 2012-12-06 2014-06-26 Tatung Co Antireflection substrate structure and manufacturing method thereof
JP2016155747A (en) * 2015-02-23 2016-09-01 Toto株式会社 Glass member for wet area

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008230880A (en) * 2007-03-19 2008-10-02 Toyo Advanced Technologies Co Ltd Method for modifying diamond-like thin film, superhydrophilic material, medical material, medical appliance and method for producing the same
JP2010265123A (en) * 2009-05-12 2010-11-25 Nagasaki Univ Method and apparatus for producing hydrophilic carbonaceous film
JP2014115634A (en) * 2012-12-06 2014-06-26 Tatung Co Antireflection substrate structure and manufacturing method thereof
US9224893B2 (en) 2012-12-06 2015-12-29 Tatung Company Antireflection substrate structure and manufacturing method thereof
JP2016155747A (en) * 2015-02-23 2016-09-01 Toto株式会社 Glass member for wet area

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