JP2004023955A - Charging set of cell battery pack, and connecting detecting method of cell battery pack - Google Patents

Charging set of cell battery pack, and connecting detecting method of cell battery pack Download PDF

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JP2004023955A
JP2004023955A JP2002178716A JP2002178716A JP2004023955A JP 2004023955 A JP2004023955 A JP 2004023955A JP 2002178716 A JP2002178716 A JP 2002178716A JP 2002178716 A JP2002178716 A JP 2002178716A JP 2004023955 A JP2004023955 A JP 2004023955A
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battery
connection
battery pack
charging device
charging
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JP3917014B2 (en
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Junji Nishida
西田　淳二
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a charger capable of good charging by preventing occurrence of charging failure caused by connection failure between the charger and a battery pack. <P>SOLUTION: This charger includes a battery pack voltage detecting circuit 13 which detects battery voltage of the battery pack 5 and the connection between a battery terminal 5a and a terminal 1a of the charger; a battery connection detecting circuit 17 which detects the connection between a terminal 5c connected to a resistor R2 for connection detection of the battery pack 5 and a terminal 1c of the charger 1; a battery connection determining circuit 19 which determines a connection state between the charger 1 and the battery pack 5, and a control circuit 21 which controls charging operation. When the connection between the battery terminal 5a of the battery pack and the terminal 1a of the charger and between the connecting terminal 5c of the resistor R2 of the battery pack and the terminal 1c of the charger are detected, the battery connection determining circuit 19 determines a connection state of the battery pack 5 is normal and the control circuit 21 starts to charging. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、２次電池を含む電池パックを装着し、電池パック内の２次電池の充電を行う充電装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
一般に、リチウムイオン電池等の充電可能な２次電池を収納する電池パックを充電する充電装置は、電池温度を検出しながら充電を行なう。この温度検出には、電池パックに内に温度検出のために内蔵されたサーミスタや電池装着検出用に内蔵される抵抗が利用される。具体的には、温度検出は、サーミスタや抵抗に電流を流し、それらの素子の両端に発生する電圧を測定することで行っている。
【０００３】
ここで、電池パックの充電装置への装着時において、電池パックと充電装置との接続が確実になされるという保証はなく、接続が不完全な場合は下記の問題がある。
【０００４】
すなわち、充電を行っても電池パックの端子が充電装置の端子との接触が完全でないないため、充電装置は充電動作を行なっているにもかかわらず、実際には充電が行われないという問題や、また、電池パックの電源用端子と、充電装置側のそれに接続する端子とは接続されているが、電池のサーミスタ（あるいは抵抗）と充電装置側のそれに接続する端子との間の接触が不良であるため、充電中の温度管理が適切に行われないなどの問題がある。
【０００５】
図５に、特開平９−５０８２７号公報に開示された従来の充電装置の構成例を示す。以下に、その動作を簡単に説明する。
【０００６】
充電器１０１はＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ１２１、基準電源１２３、マイコン１２５を備える。電池パック１０２は電池１０３とサーミスタ１０５を含む。充電器１０１の出力端子１８１〜１８３は電池パック１０２の端子１９１〜１９３にそれぞれ接続される。
【０００７】
基準電源１２３から抵抗１１０を介してサーミスタ１０５に電流が供給され、サーミスタ１０５の電圧をマイコン１２５で検出している。
【０００８】
定電圧ダイオード１１５のツェナー電圧Ｖｚは、入力電圧Ｖｉｎより低く、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ１２１の定電圧制御開始電圧より高い電圧に設定されている。
【０００９】
電池パック１０２が充電器１０１に接続されていない場合は、端子１８１に入力電圧Ｖｉｎが生じて、定電圧ダイオード１１５は導通し、トランジスタＱ１をオンにし、マイコン１２５の端子Ａを“Ｌ”レベルにして電池が接続されていないことを知らせる。
【００１０】
また、電池パック１０２が接続されている場合は、端子１８１の電圧はＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ１２１の定電圧制御開始電圧になるため、定電圧ダイオード１１５は非導通となり、トランジスタＱ１がオフになり、マイコン１２５の端子Ａを“Ｈ”レベルにして電池パック１０２が接続されたことを知らせる。
【００１１】
つまり、図５に示す例では、充電器１０１の端子１８１と、電池パック１０２の正極側の端子１９１との間の接続の検知を行ない、これら端子間の接続がなされていれば、マイコン１２５が電池１０３の充電動作を行なうようになっている。
【００１２】
しかし、充電器１０１の端子１８２、１８３と、電池パック１０２のサーミスタ１０５間の接続端子１９２、１９３との間の接続を確認して充電動作を開始しているわけではないので、充電器１０１と電池パック１０２のサーミスタ１０５との間の接続がなされていなくても、充電器１０１と電池１０３自体と間の接続がなされていれば、充電動作が開始されることになる。
【００１３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このため、上記の構成では、サーミスタ１０５を使って充電中の温度を検出しながら充電制御を行う場合、充電器１０１と電池１０３とは接続されているが、充電器１０１とサーミスタ１０５とは接続されていないときに、充電は開始されるものの、充電中の温度情報がマイコンなどを使用した制御回路に入力されないため、適切な充電制御が行えないという問題が発生する。
【００１４】
本発明の目的は上記課題を解決すべくなされたものであり、充電装置と電池パック間の接続不良に基く充電の不良を防止し良好な充電を可能とする充電装置を提供することにある。
【００１５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に係る第１の充電装置は、充電可能な電池と、電池の充電中の温度又は該電池の充電装置への装着を検出するための検出用素子とを内蔵した電池パックを充電する充電装置であって、電池パック内の電池を定電流、定電圧で充電する充電回路と、電池パック内の電池の端子と充電装置との間の接続の有無を検出する電池端子接続検出回路と、電池パック内の検出用素子と充電装置との間の接続の有無を検出する検出端子接続検出回路と、充電回路を制御する制御回路と、電池端子接続検出回路の出力信号と、検出端子接続検出回路の出力信号とを入力し、それらの信号に基いて充電装置と電池パックの接続状態を判定する電池接続判定回路とを備える。制御回路は、電池接続判定回路の判定結果に基いて、充電装置と電池パックの接続が正常になされているときに充電回路を作動させるよう制御する。以上の構成により、電池パックと充電装置間の接続不良による、充電ミスを防止できる。
【００１６】
上記第１の充電装置において、電池接続判定回路は、電池端子接続検出回路の出力信号が電池端子と充電装置との接続がなされていることを示し、且つ検出端子接続検出回路の出力信号が検出用素子と充電装置との接続がなされていることを示す場合に、電池パックが充電装置に正常に接続されていると判定してもよい。これにより確実に充電が行えるようになる。
【００１７】
また、電池接続判定回路は、検出端子接続検出回路の出力信号が検出用素子と充電装置との接続がなされていないことを示す場合に、または、電池端子接続検出回路の出力信号が電池パックの電池の端子と充電装置との接続がなされていないことを示す場合に、電池パックが充電装置に正常に接続されていないと判定してもよい。これにより不要な充電を防止できる。
【００１８】
本発明に係る第２の充電装置は、充電可能な電池と電池の充電中の温度又は該電池の充電装置への装着を検出するための検出用素子とを内蔵した電池パックを充電する充電装置であって、電池パック内の電池を定電流、定電圧で充電する充電回路と、電池パック内の電池の電圧値を測定する電池パック電圧測定回路と、検出用素子に電流を供給する手段と、供給された電流により検出用素子に発生した電圧を検出し、充電装置と電池パック間の接続の有無を検出する電池接続検出回路と、電池パックの電池に予備充電を行うための電流を供給する予備充電定電流回路と、充電回路を制御する制御回路と、電池パック電圧測定回路による電池パックの電池の電圧測定値と、電池接続検出回路の出力信号とを入力し、それらの信号に基いて充電装置と電池パックの接続状態と、電池の放電状態とを判定する電池接続判定手段とを備える。制御回路は、その電池接続判定手段の判定結果にしたがい充電回路を作動させる。以上の構成により、充電ミスを防ぐことができるようになると共に、電池の装着と電池電圧の状態に応じて適切な充電が可能になる。
【００１９】
上記第２の充電装置において、電池接続判定手段は、電池接続検出回路の出力信号が電池パックの接続有りを示し、且つ、電池状態判別のための予備充電前の電池パックの電池の電圧が第１の基準電圧以上の場合に、電池と充電装置の接続が正常になされ、且つ電池の電圧が過放電状態にないと判定してもよい。その際、制御回路は電池接続判定手段によるその判定結果にしたがい、第１の充電モードにて充電を行うよう制御するのが好ましい。
【００２０】
また、電池接続判定手段は、電池接続検出回路の出力信号が電池パックの接続有りを示し、電池状態判別のための予備充電前の電池パックの電池の電圧が第１の基準電圧以下の場合で、且つ、電池状態判別のための予備充電後の電池パックの電池の電圧が第１の基準電圧より高い第２の基準電圧より低い場合は、電池と充電装置との接続が正常であり、且つ、電池が過放電状態にあると判定してもよい。その際、制御回路は第１の充電モードとは異なる第２の充電モードにて充電を行うよう制御するのが好ましい。
【００２１】
また、電池接続判定手段は、電池接続検出回路の出力信号が電池パックの接続無しを示す場合に、または、電池状態判別のための予備充電後の電池パックの電池の電圧が第２の基準電圧以上の場合に、電池の接続が異常であると判定してもよい。その際、制御回路は充電を停止するよう制御するのが好ましい。
【００２２】
また、電池接続判定手段は、制御回路が電池状態判別のための予備充電を開始させてから所定時間経過後に、電池パックの電池の電圧が第２の基準電圧以上か否かの判定を行うようにしてもよい。これにより、電池電圧の測定ミスを防ぐことができる。
【００２３】
上記の所定時間は、充電装置に電池パックが接続されていない状態において、制御回路が電池状態判別のための予備充電を開始させてから、電池の端子電圧が安定するまでの時間以上に設定するのが好ましい。これにより電池電圧の測定ミスを防ぐことができる。
【００２４】
また、第１の基準電圧は電池パックの電池の電圧が過放電状態になった場合の電圧値に設定し、第２の基準電圧は電池パックの電池の電圧がフル充電された場合の電圧より高く、且つ予備充電定電流回路の電源電圧より低い電圧値に設定するのが好ましい。これにより電池電圧に応じた好適な充電モードでの充電が可能となる。
【００２５】
本発明に係る第１の電池パックの検出方法は、充電可能な電池、及び電池の充電中の温度又は該電池の充電装置への装着を検出するための検出用素子を内蔵した電池パックと、その電池パックを充電する充電装置との接続を検出する方法である。その検出方法は、電池パック内の電池の端子と前記充電装置との間の接続の有無を検出し、電池パック内の検出用素子と前記充電装置との間の接続の有無を検出し、電池パック内の電池の端子と充電装置との接続がなされており、且つ、電池パック内の検出用素子と充電装置との接続がなされている場合に、電池パックが充電装置に正常に接続されていると判定する。
【００２６】
本発明に係る第２の電池パックの検出方法は、充電可能な電池、及び電池の充電中の温度又は該電池の充電装置への装着を検出するための検出用素子を内蔵した電池パックと、その電池パックを充電する充電装置との接続を検出する方法である。その検出方法は、電池パック内の電池の電圧値を測定し、充電装置と電池パックとの間の接続の有無を検出し、電池パック内の電池の電圧測定値と、充電装置と電池パックとの間の接続の検出結果に基いて、充電装置と電池パックの接続状態と、電池の放電状態とを判定する。
【００２７】
上記第２の検出方法において、充電装置と電池パックの接続が検出され、且つ、予備充電される前の電池パックの電池の電圧が第１の基準電圧以上の場合には、電池と充電装置の接続が正常で、且つ電池の電圧が過放電状態にないと判定してもよい。
【００２８】
また、上記第２の検出方法において、充電装置と電池パックの接続が検出され、且つ、電池パックの電池の電圧が第１の基準電圧より低い場合には、電池パックの電池に対して電池状態判別のための予備充電を行ない、予備充電後の電池パックの電池の電圧が第１の基準電圧より高い第２の基準電圧より低い場合は、電池と充電装置との接続が正常で、且つ電池が過放電状態にあると判定し、予備充電後の電池パックの電池の電圧が第２の基準電圧以上の場合は、電池の接続が異常であると判定してもよい。
【００２９】
また、上記第２の検出方法において、充電装置と電池パックの接続無しが検出された場合に、電池の接続が異常であると判定してもよい。
【００３０】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、添付の図面を参照して本発明に係る電池パックの充電装置を詳細に説明する。
【００３１】
＜実施の形態１＞
図１に本発明に係る電池パックの充電装置の構成を示す。
充電装置１は、充電制御回路１１、充電回路３１、及びダイオードＤ１を含む。電池パック５は電池５１と接続検出用に設けられた抵抗Ｒ２を含む。抵抗Ｒ２は温度検出用のサーミスタであってもよい。電池パック５の正極側の端子５ａ、負極側の端子５ｂ、及び抵抗Ｒ２に接続する端子５ｃは、充電装置１の各々対応する端子１ａ、１ｂ、１ｃと接続する。
【００３２】
充電制御回路１１は電池パック電圧検出回路１３、予備充電定電流回路１５、電池接続検出回路１７、電池接続判定回路１９、及び制御回路２１を含む。
【００３３】
予備充電定電流回路１５は電池５１に対して予備充電のための一定電流を流す回路である。過放電電池に対して充電を行なう際には、一般に、通常の充電を行なう前に、電池の電圧を所定電圧まで上昇させるために通常の充電時よりも小さい電流で予備的な充電（予備充電）を行なう必要がある。予備充電定電流回路１５はこのような予備充電を行なうための回路である。
【００３４】
充電回路３１は、電流検出回路３３、充電ＦＥＴ制御回路３５、抵抗Ｒ１、及びＭＯＳ型ＦＥＴ（Ｍ１）を含む。電流検出回路３３は抵抗Ｒ１を介して電池５１への充電電流を検出する。充電ＦＥＴ制御回路３５はＭＯＳ型ＦＥＴ（Ｍ１）をオンオフさせることにより充電動作の作動／停止を制御する。充電回路３１は制御回路２１ａからの指示にしたがい定電流−定電圧充電を行う。
【００３５】
充電装置１は電源電圧を入力するための電源端子ＩＮとグランド端子ＧＮＤを有する。電源端子ＩＮを介してＡＣアダプタから充電装置１に電源電圧（Ｖｄｄ）が供給される。電源電圧（Ｖｄｄ）は抵抗Ｒ３を介して電池パック５に供給され、それによって電池パック５内の抵抗Ｒ２に電流が流れる。
【００３６】
このとき、電池接続検出回路１７は、抵抗Ｒ２の電圧（端子１ｃの電圧）を所定電圧Ｖ１と比較し、端子１ｃの電圧が所定電圧Ｖ１より低ければその出力信号を“Ｌ”レベルにし、端子１ｃの電圧が所定電圧Ｖ１より高ければその出力信号を“Ｈ”レベルにする。なお、所定電圧Ｖ１は、電源電圧（Ｖｄｄ）を抵抗Ｒ２と抵抗Ｒ３で分圧した電圧より高めに設定してある。このように電池接続検出回路１７は、電池パック５内の抵抗Ｒ２と充電装置１との間の接続の有無（または良／不良）を検出する。
【００３７】
予備充電定電流回路１５は制御回路２１から出力される定電流制御信号に基き動作する。すなわち、予備充電定電流回路１５は、定電流制御信号が“Ｈ”レベルになると作動し、ダイオードＤ１を介して電池５１に定電流を供給し、定電流制御信号が“Ｌ”レベルになると動作を停止し、電池５１への電流を停止する。
【００３８】
電池パック電圧検出回路１３は電池５１の電圧が所定電圧以上であるか否かを検出する。具体的には、電池パック電圧検出回路１３は電池５１の電圧を第２の所定電圧Ｖ２と比較し、電池５１の電圧が所定電圧Ｖ２より低ければ出力信号を“Ｌ”レベルに、高ければ“Ｈ”レベルにする。なお、第２の所定電圧Ｖ２は、フル充電された場合の電池５１の電圧より高く、且つ電源電圧（Ｖｄｄ）より低い電圧値に設定する。電池パック電圧検出回路１３の出力により、電池５１の端子５ａと充電装置の端子１ａ間の接続の有無を確認できる。
【００３９】
ところで、一般に電池パック５内には電池が過放電状態になったときに電池５１と端子５ａとの接続を遮断するスイッチ（例えばトランジスタで構成される）が内蔵されている。電池が過放電状態まで使用されるとこの内蔵スイッチがオフするため、この状態で電池パックが充電装置に接続されても、端子１ａが解放されたのと同様の状態となり、充電装置側から見ると、電池５１が接続されていないように見える。
【００４０】
そこで、本実施形態では、電池接続検出回路１７により電池パック５の抵抗Ｒ２の接続が確認されると、制御回路２１は、予備充電定電流回路１３を作動させ一定電流を電池パック５に供給する（以下この動作を「初期充電」という。）。これにより、端子１ａには少なくとも上記内蔵スイッチの寄生ダイオードの降伏電圧Ｖｆ分だけの電圧が生じ、この電圧を検出することによって電池が過放電状態にあって内蔵スイッチがオフしている場合でも、電池５１の接続を確認することができる。
【００４１】
以上のように、予備充電定電流回路１５は、過放電電池に対する一般的な予備充電のほか、過放電電池が接続された場合の初期充電を行なう。さらに、予備充電定電流回路１５は、充電装置１に電池パック５が装着された場合の充電装置１の端子１ａ、１ｃと、電池パック側の端子５ａ、５ｃとの接続を確認するために利用される。
【００４２】
予備充電定電流回路１５が作動中（定電流制御信号が”Ｈ”レベル）は、電池５１が充電装置１に接続されていれば、端子１ａの電圧は充電中の電池５１の電圧と等しくなるため、上記の所定電圧Ｖ２より低くなる。よって、電池パック電圧検出回路１３の出力信号は“Ｌ”レベルになる。
【００４３】
また、電池パック５が充電装置１に装着されていないか、または、電池側の端子５ａ、５ｃと、充電装置１側の端子１ａ、１ｃとの間の接続が不良の場合は、接続端子５ａ、１ａの電圧は、予備充電定電流回路１５の電源電圧（Ｖｄｄ）近くまで上昇する。このため、端子５ａ、１ａの電圧は所定電圧Ｖ２より高くなり、電池パック電圧検出回路１３は“Ｈ”レベルの出力信号を出力する。
【００４４】
電池接続判定回路１９は、電池パック電圧検出回路１３の出力信号Ａ、電池接続検出回路１７の出力信号Ｂ、及び制御回路２１からの定電流制御信号Ｃを入力し、それらの信号に基いて電池５１の充電装置１に対する接続状態を判定する。つまり、電池接続判定回路１９は制御回路２１からの定電流制御信号Ｃがアクティブ（”Ｈ”レベル）のときに、出力信号Ａ、Ｂに基いて接続確認動作を行なう。なお、制御回路２１は接続確認動作のために所定のタイミング毎に定電流制御信号Ｃをアクティブに制御する。
【００４５】
図２に電池接続判定回路１９の回路例を示す。電池接続判定回路１９はＡＮＤ回路１９ａ、１９ｂ、ＯＲ回路１９ｃ、及びＲＳフリップフロップ１９ｄからなる。また、以下にこの電池接続判定回路１９の真理値表を示す。
【表１】

Figure 2004023955
【００４６】
真理値表において、Ｎｏ．１から４までは、予備充電定電流回路１５が停止している（定電流制御信号が“Ｌ”レベル）場合の信号の組み合わせを示している。Ｎｏ．５から８までは、予備充電定電流回路１５が作動している（定電流制御信号が“Ｈ”レベル）場合の信号の組み合わせを示している。
【００４７】
真理値表のＮｏ．５の場合（Ａ＝“Ｌ”、Ｂ＝“Ｌ”、Ｃ＝“Ｈ”）、電池パック電圧検出回路１３の出力信号Ａに基いて電池端子５ａ、１ａの接続が正常と判定され、また、電池接続検出回路１７の出力信号Ｂに基いて電池パック５の抵抗Ｒ２が接続されていると判定される。この場合、電池接続判定回路１９において、ＡＮＤ回路１９ｂから“Ｈ”が出力され、ＲＳフリップフロップ１９ｄがリセットされ、ＲＳフリップフロップ１９ｄの出力Ｑが“Ｌ”レベルにされ、制御回路２１に「電池が正常に装着されている」ことが通知される。
【００４８】
真理値表のＮｏ．３、６、７、８の場合、すなわち、電池接続検出回路１７の出力信号Ｂに基いて電池パックの抵抗Ｒ２が接続されていないと判定される場合、または、電池パック電圧検出回路１３の出力信号Ａに基いて電池端子５ａの接続が異常である判定される場合、電池接続判定回路１９において、ＯＲ回路１９ｃから“Ｈ”が出力され、ＲＳフリップフロップ１９ｄがセットされ、その出力Ｑが“Ｈ”レベルにされて、制御回路２１に「電池が正常に装着されていない」ことが通知される。
【００４９】
制御回路２１は電池接続判定回路１９からの信号を受けて、電池端子５ａ及び抵抗Ｒ２の接続が正常に行なわれている場合は、充電動作を行ない、それらの接続が正常に行なわれていない場合は、充電動作を停止または行なわないように充電回路３１を制御する。
【００５０】
以上のように、本実施形態の充電装置においては、電池パック５内の電池５１との接続、及び電池パック５内の抵抗Ｒ２との双方の接続を検出し、それらの接続がともに正常に行なわれていることを確認できたときに、電池パック５と充電装置とが正常に接続されているとし、充電動作を行なう。これにより、電池パックの接続が不良による不完全な充電動作の実行を防止できる。
【００５１】
＜実施の形態２＞
図３を用いて本発明に係る電池パックの充電装置の別の例を説明する。
本実施形態の充電装置１’と実施の形態１のものとの違いは、電池接続判定回路１９の機能を制御回路２１内に移行し、その機能をプログラムで実現したこと、及び電池パック電圧検出回路１３の判定レベルを２つ設けたことである。また、図３に示す充電装置１’においては、図１の電池パック電圧検出回路１３に代わりに、電池パック５の電圧値を測定する電池パック電圧測定回路１３ａを設け、さらに抵抗Ｒ２の接続を確認するための電圧を発生させる基準電圧発生回路１６を備える。なお、電池接続判定回路１９の機能は制御回路２１内において電池接続判定部２３で行なう。
【００５２】
本実施形態の制御回路２１ａの電池接続判定部２３の動作を図４のフローチャートを参照して説明する。
【００５３】
ＡＣアダプタ（図示せず）が端子ＩＮ、ＧＮＤを介して充電装置１’に接続されると、制御回路２１ａは動作を開始する（ステップＳ１）。電池接続判定部２３はまず電池接続検出回路１７の出力信号Ｂを調べ、電池５１との接続を検出する（ステップＳ２）。出力信号Ｂが“Ｈ”レベルの場合、電池パック５の抵抗Ｒ２が接続されていない（すなわち電池パック５が接続されていない）と判定し、電池接続異常とし（ステップＳ１３）、充電を停止、または、充電動作を開始しない（ステップＳ１４）。
【００５４】
一方、電池接続検出回路１７の出力信号Ｂが“Ｌ”レベルの場合（ステップＳ２）、電池パック５の抵抗Ｒ２が接続されていると判定し、次に、電池パック５の電池５１の電圧測定値を電圧測定回路１３ａから入力する（ステップＳ３）。
【００５５】
そして、電池パック５の電池５１の測定電圧値と、第１の基準電圧とを比較し（ステップＳ４）、正常状態にある（過放電状態でない）電池が接続されたか否かを判断する。なお、第１の基準電圧は電池パック５の電池５１が過放電された場合の電池５１の電圧値に設定され、例えばリチウム電池の場合は２．０Ｖ〜２．２Ｖに設定される。
【００５６】
電池パック５の電池５１の測定電圧が第１の基準電圧以上であれば、電池側の端子５ａが充電装置１’側の端子１ａに接続されており、且つ電池５１の電圧が正常電圧の範囲内にあるということになる。故に、このとき、正常な電池が接続されている（正常電池接続）と判定し、第１の充電モードで充電を行う（ステップＳ９、Ｓ１０）。なお、「第１の充電モード」は、電池５１が過放電状態にない場合に行なう通常の充電方式であり、一般的な定電流−定電圧充電を行う。
【００５７】
一方、電池パック５の電圧が第１の基準電圧以下の場合は、次の２つの可能性が考えられる。
ｉ）電池パック５の端子５ａが充電装置１’の端子１ａに接続されていない。
ｉｉ）電池パック５の接続端子５ａが充電装置１’の端子１ａに接続されているが、電池５１の電圧が過放電電圧以下になっている。この場合は、電池パック５の内蔵スイッチにより端子５ａが解放端になる。
【００５８】
電池パック５の電圧が第１の基準電圧以下の場合（ステップＳ４）、制御回路２１は定電流制御信号を出力して予備充電定電流回路１５を作動させ電池状態判別のための予備充電を行ない、所定時間経過後に再度電池パック５内の電池５１の電圧を調べる（ステップＳ５〜Ｓ７）。なお、電池パック５の内蔵スイッチにより端子５ａが解放端になっている場合には、予備充電定電流回路１５によって充電装置１の電池端子電圧が上昇し、安定するまでに若干の時間がかかることから、所定時間の経過を待って電池５１の電圧を再度調べるようにしている。
【００５９】
電池パック５の接続端子５ａの電圧を第２の基準電圧と比較し、電池５１が接続されているか否かを判定する（ステップＳ８）。ここで、第２の基準電圧は電池パック５の電圧がフル充電された場合の電圧より高く、且つ予備充電定電流回路１５の電源電圧（Ｖｄｄ）よりやや低い電圧値に設定する。電源電圧（Ｖｄｄ）を５Ｖとすると、第２の基準電圧は電源電圧（Ｖｄｄ）に近い電圧値、例えば４．９Ｖに設定する。
【００６０】
接続端子５ａの電圧が第２の基準電圧以上の場合、電池５１が接続されていない（すなわち、上記ｉ）の場合に該当する）とし、「電池接続異常」として充電を停止、または、充電動作を開始しない（ステップＳ１３、Ｓ１４）。
【００６１】
接続端子５ａの電圧が第２の基準電圧より下の場合、過放電状態にある電池５１が接続されている（すなわち、上記ｉｉ）の場合に該当する）とし、「過放電電池接続」と判定して、第２の充電モードで充電を開始する（ステップＳ１１、Ｓ１２）。ここで、「第２の充電モード」は、過放電電池に対する充電方法で、所定の電圧まで予備充電を行った後、一般的な定電流−定電圧充電を行う充電方式である。
【００６２】
以上のように本実施形態の充電装置によれば、複数の基準電圧を設けることにより、電池の接続の検出に加えて、電池の放電状態をも検出するため、電池の放電状態に応じたより適切な充電制御が可能になる。
【００６３】
本発明によれば、従来の回路とほぼ同様の回路構成で、電池パックに内蔵された抵抗又はサーミスタの接続を調べることに加えて、電池端子の接続の有無、更に電池電圧までも調べる。これによって、充電装置と電池パックの装着状態が詳しく解かるようになり、接続状態および電池の電圧状態の応じて充電の開始、および停止、更に充電モードまで細かく設定できるようになる。なお、上記接続状態および充電状態を使用者に音声や表示により報知するための手段を設けてもよい。
【００６４】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、従来とほとんど同じ回路構成で、充電装置と、電池パックに内蔵されたサーミスタもしくは抵抗の接続を調べることに加えて、電池端子の接続の有無を検出し、充電装置と電池パックの接続状態が詳しく解かるようになったため、接続状態に応じて充電の開始、および停止の設定できるようになり、電池端子が接続されていないのに充電を行ったり、サーミスタの接続不良に気付かず、温度制御ができないまま充電を行ったりしまうというミスを防ぐことができるようになった。
【００６５】
さらに、電池パックの電圧を２段階で判定することによって、電池接続状態の他に、電池の放電状態を知ることができ、制御回路のプログラムと組み合わされ、きめ細かな制御による充電が可能になる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る実施の形態１の充電装置の構成を示した図
【図２】電池接続判定回路の具体的構成を示した図
【図３】本発明に係る実施の形態２の充電装置の構成を示した図
【図４】電池接続判定部の動作を示すフローチャート
【図５】従来の電池パックの充電装置の構成を示した図
【符号の説明】
１、１’　充電装置
１ａ〜１ｃ　充電装置側の接続端子
５　電池パック
５ａ〜５ｃ　電池パック側の接続端子
１１　充電制御回路
１３　電池パック電圧検出回路
１３ａ　電池パック電圧測定回路
１５　予備充電定電流回路
１７　電池接続検出回路
１９　電池接続判定回路
２１、２１ａ　制御回路
２３　電池接続判定部
３１　充電回路
５１　電池
Ｄ１　ダイオード
Ｍ１　ＭＯＳトランジスタ
Ｒ１、Ｒ３　抵抗
Ｒ２　抵抗（又はサーミスタ）[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a charging device that mounts a battery pack including a secondary battery and charges the secondary battery in the battery pack.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, a charging device that charges a battery pack containing a rechargeable secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery performs charging while detecting the battery temperature. For this temperature detection, a thermistor built in the battery pack for temperature detection and a resistor built in for detecting battery attachment are used. Specifically, temperature detection is performed by applying a current to a thermistor or a resistor and measuring a voltage generated between both ends of the element.
[0003]
Here, when the battery pack is attached to the charging device, there is no guarantee that the connection between the battery pack and the charging device is made securely. If the connection is incomplete, there are the following problems.
[0004]
That is, even if the charging is performed, the terminals of the battery pack are not completely in contact with the terminals of the charging device, so that the charging device is not actually charged even though the charging device is performing the charging operation. The power supply terminal of the battery pack is connected to the terminal connected to the charging device, but the contact between the thermistor (or resistor) of the battery and the terminal connected to the charging device is poor. Therefore, there is a problem that temperature control during charging is not performed properly.
[0005]
FIG. 5 shows a configuration example of a conventional charging device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-50827. The operation will be briefly described below.
[0006]
The charger 101 includes a DC-DC converter 121, a reference power supply 123, and a microcomputer 125. Battery pack 102 includes a battery 103 and a thermistor 105. Output terminals 181 to 183 of charger 101 are connected to terminals 191 to 193 of battery pack 102, respectively.
[0007]
A current is supplied from the reference power supply 123 to the thermistor 105 via the resistor 110, and the voltage of the thermistor 105 is detected by the microcomputer 125.
[0008]
The zener voltage Vz of the constant voltage diode 115 is set lower than the input voltage Vin and higher than the constant voltage control start voltage of the DC-DC converter 121.
[0009]
When the battery pack 102 is not connected to the charger 101, an input voltage Vin occurs at the terminal 181 and the constant voltage diode 115 conducts, turning on the transistor Q1 and setting the terminal A of the microcomputer 125 to the "L" level. To indicate that batteries are not connected.
[0010]
Further, when the battery pack 102 is connected, the voltage of the terminal 181 becomes the constant voltage control start voltage of the DC-DC converter 121, so that the constant voltage diode 115 is turned off, the transistor Q1 is turned off, and the microcomputer The terminal A of 125 is set to “H” level to notify that the battery pack 102 is connected.
[0011]
That is, in the example shown in FIG. 5, the connection between the terminal 181 of the charger 101 and the terminal 191 on the positive electrode side of the battery pack 102 is detected. The charging operation of the battery 103 is performed.
[0012]
However, since the charging operation is not started after confirming the connection between the terminals 182 and 183 of the charger 101 and the connection terminals 192 and 193 between the thermistors 105 of the battery pack 102, the charging operation is not started. Even if the connection between the battery pack 102 and the thermistor 105 is not made, if the connection between the charger 101 and the battery 103 itself is made, the charging operation is started.
[0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in the above configuration, when performing charging control while detecting the temperature during charging using the thermistor 105, the charger 101 and the battery 103 are connected, but the charger 101 and the thermistor 105 are connected. When the charging is not performed, the charging is started, but the temperature information during the charging is not input to the control circuit using the microcomputer or the like, so that a problem that appropriate charging control cannot be performed occurs.
[0014]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a charging device that prevents charging failure due to poor connection between a charging device and a battery pack and enables good charging.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A first charging device according to the present invention is a charging device for charging a battery pack including a rechargeable battery and a detecting element for detecting a temperature during charging of the battery or an attachment of the battery to the charging device. A device, a charging circuit that charges the battery in the battery pack with a constant current and a constant voltage, a battery terminal connection detection circuit that detects the presence or absence of a connection between a terminal of the battery in the battery pack and the charging device, A detection terminal connection detection circuit for detecting the presence or absence of connection between the detection element in the battery pack and the charging device; a control circuit for controlling the charging circuit; an output signal of the battery terminal connection detection circuit; A battery connection determination circuit that receives output signals of the circuit and determines a connection state between the charging device and the battery pack based on the input signals; The control circuit controls the charging circuit to operate when the connection between the charging device and the battery pack is made normally based on the determination result of the battery connection determination circuit. With the above configuration, charging errors due to poor connection between the battery pack and the charging device can be prevented.
[0016]
In the first charging device, the battery connection determination circuit detects that the output signal of the battery terminal connection detection circuit indicates that the connection between the battery terminal and the charging device has been made, and the output signal of the detection terminal connection detection circuit detects the connection signal. When the connection between the battery element and the charging device is indicated, it may be determined that the battery pack is normally connected to the charging device. Thereby, charging can be performed reliably.
[0017]
In addition, the battery connection determination circuit is configured to output the detection signal when the output signal of the detection terminal connection detection circuit indicates that the connection between the detection element and the charging device is not established, or when the output signal of the battery terminal connection detection circuit is When the battery terminal and the charging device are not connected, it may be determined that the battery pack is not normally connected to the charging device. This can prevent unnecessary charging.
[0018]
A second charging device according to the present invention is a charging device for charging a battery pack including a rechargeable battery and a detecting element for detecting a temperature during charging of the battery or an attachment of the battery to the charging device. A charging circuit for charging a battery in the battery pack with a constant current and a constant voltage, a battery pack voltage measurement circuit for measuring a voltage value of the battery in the battery pack, and a unit for supplying current to the detection element. A battery connection detection circuit that detects the voltage generated in the detecting element by the supplied current and detects the presence or absence of a connection between the charging device and the battery pack, and supplies a current for performing a precharge to the battery of the battery pack. A precharge constant current circuit, a control circuit that controls the charging circuit, a battery pack voltage measurement value obtained by the battery pack voltage measurement circuit, and an output signal of the battery connection detection circuit are input. And charging equipment Provided with a connection state of the battery pack, and a battery connection determination means for determining a discharge state of the battery. The control circuit activates the charging circuit according to the determination result of the battery connection determination means. With the above-described configuration, it is possible to prevent a charging error, and it is also possible to perform appropriate charging according to the state of battery installation and battery voltage.
[0019]
In the second charging device, the battery connection determination means may output the signal indicating that the battery pack is connected by the battery connection detection circuit, and determine that the voltage of the battery of the battery pack before the preliminary charge for determining the battery state is the second. When the voltage is equal to or higher than the reference voltage of 1, it may be determined that the connection between the battery and the charging device is normal and the voltage of the battery is not in an overdischarge state. At this time, it is preferable that the control circuit controls to perform charging in the first charging mode according to the result of the determination by the battery connection determining means.
[0020]
Also, the battery connection determination means may be configured to determine that the output signal of the battery connection detection circuit indicates that the battery pack is connected, and that the voltage of the battery of the battery pack before the preliminary charge for determining the battery state is equal to or lower than the first reference voltage. And, when the voltage of the battery of the battery pack after the pre-charging for determining the battery state is lower than the second reference voltage higher than the first reference voltage, the connection between the battery and the charging device is normal, and Alternatively, it may be determined that the battery is in the over-discharge state. At this time, it is preferable that the control circuit controls to perform charging in a second charging mode different from the first charging mode.
[0021]
The battery connection determination means may be configured to output the battery connection detection circuit when the output signal indicates that the battery pack is not connected, or when the battery voltage of the battery pack after the preliminary charge for determining the battery state is equal to the second reference voltage. In the above case, it may be determined that the connection of the battery is abnormal. At that time, it is preferable that the control circuit controls to stop charging.
[0022]
Further, the battery connection determination means determines whether or not the voltage of the battery of the battery pack is equal to or higher than the second reference voltage after a predetermined time has elapsed since the control circuit started the preliminary charging for determining the battery state. It may be. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the measurement error of the battery voltage.
[0023]
The predetermined time is set to be equal to or longer than the time from when the control circuit starts pre-charging for determining the battery state to when the terminal voltage of the battery is stabilized when the battery pack is not connected to the charging device. Is preferred. This can prevent a measurement error of the battery voltage.
[0024]
Further, the first reference voltage is set to a voltage value when the voltage of the battery of the battery pack is in an overdischarged state, and the second reference voltage is set to a voltage value when the voltage of the battery of the battery pack is fully charged. It is preferable to set the voltage value to be high and lower than the power supply voltage of the precharge constant current circuit. This allows charging in a suitable charging mode according to the battery voltage.
[0025]
A first battery pack detection method according to the present invention includes a rechargeable battery, a battery pack having a built-in detection element for detecting a temperature during charging of the battery or attachment of the battery to a charging device, This is a method for detecting connection with a charging device that charges the battery pack. The detecting method detects the presence or absence of a connection between a terminal of a battery in a battery pack and the charging device, and detects the presence or absence of a connection between a detecting element in the battery pack and the charging device. When the terminals of the battery in the pack are connected to the charging device, and the detection elements in the battery pack are connected to the charging device, the battery pack is normally connected to the charging device. It is determined that there is.
[0026]
A second battery pack detection method according to the present invention includes a rechargeable battery, and a battery pack having a built-in detection element for detecting a temperature during charging of the battery or attachment of the battery to a charging device, This is a method for detecting connection with a charging device that charges the battery pack. The detection method measures the voltage value of the battery in the battery pack, detects the presence or absence of connection between the charging device and the battery pack, and measures the measured voltage value of the battery in the battery pack, and the charging device and the battery pack. The connection state between the charging device and the battery pack and the discharge state of the battery are determined based on the detection result of the connection between.
[0027]
In the second detection method, when the connection between the charging device and the battery pack is detected and the voltage of the battery of the battery pack before the pre-charging is equal to or higher than the first reference voltage, the battery and the charging device are connected to each other. It may be determined that the connection is normal and the battery voltage is not in an overdischarged state.
[0028]
In the second detection method, when the connection between the charging device and the battery pack is detected and the voltage of the battery of the battery pack is lower than the first reference voltage, the battery state of the battery of the battery pack is determined. Preliminary charging for determination is performed, and when the voltage of the battery of the battery pack after the preliminary charging is lower than the second reference voltage higher than the first reference voltage, the connection between the battery and the charging device is normal, and Is determined to be in an over-discharged state, and when the voltage of the battery of the battery pack after the preliminary charge is equal to or higher than the second reference voltage, the connection of the battery may be determined to be abnormal.
[0029]
Further, in the second detection method, when it is detected that there is no connection between the charging device and the battery pack, it may be determined that the connection of the battery is abnormal.
[0030]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a battery pack charging apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0031]
<Embodiment 1>
FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a battery pack charging apparatus according to the present invention.
The charging device 1 includes a charging control circuit 11, a charging circuit 31, and a diode D1. Battery pack 5 includes battery 51 and resistor R2 provided for connection detection. The resistor R2 may be a thermistor for detecting temperature. The terminal 5a on the positive electrode side, the terminal 5b on the negative electrode side, and the terminal 5c connected to the resistor R2 of the battery pack 5 are connected to the corresponding terminals 1a, 1b, 1c of the charging device 1, respectively.
[0032]
The charge control circuit 11 includes a battery pack voltage detection circuit 13, a pre-charge constant current circuit 15, a battery connection detection circuit 17, a battery connection determination circuit 19, and a control circuit 21.
[0033]
The pre-charge constant current circuit 15 is a circuit for supplying a constant current for pre-charge to the battery 51. When charging an overdischarged battery, generally, prior to normal charging, preliminary charging is performed with a smaller current than during normal charging (preliminary charging) in order to raise the battery voltage to a predetermined voltage. ). The pre-charge constant current circuit 15 is a circuit for performing such pre-charge.
[0034]
The charging circuit 31 includes a current detection circuit 33, a charging FET control circuit 35, a resistor R1, and a MOS FET (M1). The current detection circuit 33 detects a charging current to the battery 51 via the resistor R1. The charging FET control circuit 35 controls the operation / stop of the charging operation by turning on / off the MOS FET (M1). The charging circuit 31 performs constant current-constant voltage charging according to an instruction from the control circuit 21a.
[0035]
The charging device 1 has a power supply terminal IN for inputting a power supply voltage and a ground terminal GND. A power supply voltage (Vdd) is supplied from the AC adapter to the charging device 1 via the power supply terminal IN. The power supply voltage (Vdd) is supplied to the battery pack 5 via the resistor R3, so that a current flows through the resistor R2 in the battery pack 5.
[0036]
At this time, the battery connection detection circuit 17 compares the voltage of the resistor R2 (the voltage of the terminal 1c) with the predetermined voltage V1, and if the voltage of the terminal 1c is lower than the predetermined voltage V1, sets the output signal to the “L” level. If the voltage of 1c is higher than the predetermined voltage V1, the output signal is set to "H" level. The predetermined voltage V1 is set higher than a voltage obtained by dividing the power supply voltage (Vdd) by the resistors R2 and R3. As described above, the battery connection detection circuit 17 detects the presence or absence (or good / bad) of the connection between the resistor R2 in the battery pack 5 and the charging device 1.
[0037]
The precharge constant current circuit 15 operates based on a constant current control signal output from the control circuit 21. That is, the pre-charge constant current circuit 15 operates when the constant current control signal goes to the “H” level, supplies a constant current to the battery 51 via the diode D1, and operates when the constant current control signal goes to the “L” level. Is stopped, and the current to the battery 51 is stopped.
[0038]
The battery pack voltage detection circuit 13 detects whether the voltage of the battery 51 is equal to or higher than a predetermined voltage. Specifically, the battery pack voltage detection circuit 13 compares the voltage of the battery 51 with the second predetermined voltage V2, and if the voltage of the battery 51 is lower than the predetermined voltage V2, sets the output signal to the “L” level; H ”level. In addition, the second predetermined voltage V2 is set to a voltage value higher than the voltage of the battery 51 when fully charged and lower than the power supply voltage (Vdd). Based on the output of the battery pack voltage detection circuit 13, the presence or absence of connection between the terminal 5a of the battery 51 and the terminal 1a of the charging device can be confirmed.
[0039]
In general, the battery pack 5 has a built-in switch (for example, composed of a transistor) that disconnects the connection between the battery 51 and the terminal 5a when the battery is over-discharged. When the battery is used up to the over-discharge state, the built-in switch is turned off. Therefore, even if the battery pack is connected to the charging device in this state, the state is the same as the state in which the terminal 1a is released, and the battery is viewed from the charging device side It seems that the battery 51 is not connected.
[0040]
Therefore, in this embodiment, when the connection of the resistor R2 of the battery pack 5 is confirmed by the battery connection detection circuit 17, the control circuit 21 activates the pre-charge constant current circuit 13 and supplies a constant current to the battery pack 5. (Hereinafter, this operation is referred to as "initial charging.") As a result, a voltage corresponding to at least the breakdown voltage Vf of the parasitic diode of the built-in switch is generated at the terminal 1a. By detecting this voltage, even if the battery is in an overdischarged state and the built-in switch is turned off, The connection of the battery 51 can be confirmed.
[0041]
As described above, the pre-charge constant current circuit 15 performs the initial pre-charge when the over-discharge battery is connected, in addition to the general pre-charge for the over-discharge battery. Further, the pre-charge constant current circuit 15 is used to check the connection between the terminals 1a and 1c of the charging device 1 when the battery pack 5 is mounted on the charging device 1 and the terminals 5a and 5c on the battery pack side. Is done.
[0042]
While the precharge constant current circuit 15 is operating (the constant current control signal is at “H” level), if the battery 51 is connected to the charging device 1, the voltage at the terminal 1 a becomes equal to the voltage of the battery 51 being charged. Therefore, the voltage becomes lower than the predetermined voltage V2. Therefore, the output signal of the battery pack voltage detection circuit 13 becomes "L" level.
[0043]
If the battery pack 5 is not attached to the charging device 1 or the connection between the battery-side terminals 5a and 5c and the charging device 1-side terminals 1a and 1c is defective, the connection terminal 5a , 1a rises to near the power supply voltage (Vdd) of the pre-charge constant current circuit 15. Therefore, the voltages of the terminals 5a and 1a become higher than the predetermined voltage V2, and the battery pack voltage detection circuit 13 outputs an "H" level output signal.
[0044]
The battery connection determination circuit 19 receives the output signal A of the battery pack voltage detection circuit 13, the output signal B of the battery connection detection circuit 17, and the constant current control signal C from the control circuit 21. The connection state of the charging device 51 to the charging device 1 is determined. That is, when the constant current control signal C from the control circuit 21 is active ("H" level), the battery connection determination circuit 19 performs a connection confirmation operation based on the output signals A and B. Note that the control circuit 21 actively controls the constant current control signal C at each predetermined timing for the connection confirmation operation.
[0045]
FIG. 2 shows a circuit example of the battery connection determination circuit 19. The battery connection determination circuit 19 includes AND circuits 19a and 19b, an OR circuit 19c, and an RS flip-flop 19d. A truth table of the battery connection determination circuit 19 is shown below.
[Table 1]
Figure 2004023955
[0046]
In the truth table, No. 1 to 4 show combinations of signals when the pre-charge constant current circuit 15 is stopped (the constant current control signal is at the “L” level). No. 5 to 8 show combinations of signals when the pre-charge constant current circuit 15 is operating (the constant current control signal is at “H” level).
[0047]
No. of the truth table. 5 (A = “L”, B = “L”, C = “H”), the connection of the battery terminals 5 a and 1 a is determined to be normal based on the output signal A of the battery pack voltage detection circuit 13, and It is determined that the resistor R2 of the battery pack 5 is connected based on the output signal B of the battery connection detection circuit 17. In this case, in the battery connection determination circuit 19, “H” is output from the AND circuit 19b, the RS flip-flop 19d is reset, the output Q of the RS flip-flop 19d is set to “L” level, and the control circuit 21 Is normally mounted ".
[0048]
No. of the truth table. 3, 6, 7, 8, that is, when it is determined that the resistor R2 of the battery pack is not connected based on the output signal B of the battery connection detection circuit 17, or when the output of the battery pack voltage detection circuit 13 When it is determined that the connection of the battery terminal 5a is abnormal based on the signal A, the battery connection determination circuit 19 outputs “H” from the OR circuit 19c, sets the RS flip-flop 19d, and sets the output Q to “ The level is set to “H” level and the control circuit 21 is notified that “battery is not properly mounted”.
[0049]
The control circuit 21 receives the signal from the battery connection determination circuit 19, performs a charging operation when the connection between the battery terminal 5a and the resistor R2 is performed normally, and performs a charging operation when the connection is not performed normally. Controls the charging circuit 31 so that the charging operation is not stopped or performed.
[0050]
As described above, in the charging device of the present embodiment, the connection with the battery 51 in the battery pack 5 and the connection with the resistor R2 in the battery pack 5 are both detected, and both of these connections are performed normally. When it is confirmed that the battery pack 5 has been properly connected, the battery pack 5 and the charging device are assumed to be normally connected, and the charging operation is performed. This can prevent an incomplete charging operation from being performed due to a poor connection of the battery pack.
[0051]
<Embodiment 2>
Another example of the battery pack charging device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The difference between the charging device 1 ′ of the present embodiment and that of the first embodiment is that the function of the battery connection determination circuit 19 is shifted to the control circuit 21, the function is realized by a program, and the battery pack voltage detection is performed. That is, two decision levels of the circuit 13 are provided. In addition, in the charging device 1 'shown in FIG. 3, a battery pack voltage measuring circuit 13a for measuring the voltage value of the battery pack 5 is provided instead of the battery pack voltage detecting circuit 13 in FIG. A reference voltage generation circuit 16 for generating a voltage for confirmation is provided. The function of the battery connection determination circuit 19 is performed by the battery connection determination unit 23 in the control circuit 21.
[0052]
The operation of the battery connection determination unit 23 of the control circuit 21a according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart in FIG.
[0053]
When an AC adapter (not shown) is connected to the charging device 1 'via the terminals IN and GND, the control circuit 21a starts operating (step S1). First, the battery connection determination unit 23 checks the output signal B of the battery connection detection circuit 17 and detects connection with the battery 51 (step S2). If the output signal B is at "H" level, it is determined that the resistor R2 of the battery pack 5 is not connected (that is, the battery pack 5 is not connected), the battery connection is abnormal (step S13), and charging is stopped. Alternatively, the charging operation is not started (Step S14).
[0054]
On the other hand, when the output signal B of the battery connection detection circuit 17 is at the “L” level (step S2), it is determined that the resistor R2 of the battery pack 5 is connected, and then the voltage of the battery 51 of the battery pack 5 is measured. The value is input from the voltage measurement circuit 13a (Step S3).
[0055]
Then, the measured voltage value of the battery 51 of the battery pack 5 is compared with the first reference voltage (step S4), and it is determined whether or not a battery in a normal state (not in an overdischarged state) is connected. The first reference voltage is set to a voltage value of the battery 51 when the battery 51 of the battery pack 5 is over-discharged. For example, in the case of a lithium battery, the first reference voltage is set to 2.0 V to 2.2 V.
[0056]
If the measured voltage of the battery 51 of the battery pack 5 is equal to or higher than the first reference voltage, the terminal 5a on the battery side is connected to the terminal 1a on the charging device 1 'side, and the voltage of the battery 51 is within the normal voltage range. It is within. Therefore, at this time, it is determined that a normal battery is connected (normal battery connection), and charging is performed in the first charging mode (steps S9 and S10). The “first charging mode” is a normal charging method that is performed when the battery 51 is not in an overdischarged state, and performs general constant current-constant voltage charging.
[0057]
On the other hand, when the voltage of the battery pack 5 is equal to or lower than the first reference voltage, the following two possibilities are considered.
i) The terminal 5a of the battery pack 5 is not connected to the terminal 1a of the charging device 1 '.
ii) The connection terminal 5a of the battery pack 5 is connected to the terminal 1a of the charging device 1 ', but the voltage of the battery 51 is lower than the overdischarge voltage. In this case, the terminal 5a becomes the open end by the built-in switch of the battery pack 5.
[0058]
If the voltage of the battery pack 5 is equal to or lower than the first reference voltage (step S4), the control circuit 21 outputs a constant current control signal to operate the precharge constant current circuit 15 to perform precharge for battery state determination. After a lapse of a predetermined time, the voltage of the battery 51 in the battery pack 5 is checked again (steps S5 to S7). When the terminal 5a is at the open end by the built-in switch of the battery pack 5, the battery terminal voltage of the charging device 1 increases by the pre-charging constant current circuit 15 and it takes some time until the voltage stabilizes. Therefore, after the elapse of a predetermined time, the voltage of the battery 51 is checked again.
[0059]
The voltage of the connection terminal 5a of the battery pack 5 is compared with the second reference voltage to determine whether the battery 51 is connected (Step S8). Here, the second reference voltage is set to a voltage value that is higher than the voltage when the voltage of the battery pack 5 is fully charged and slightly lower than the power supply voltage (Vdd) of the precharge constant current circuit 15. Assuming that the power supply voltage (Vdd) is 5V, the second reference voltage is set to a voltage value close to the power supply voltage (Vdd), for example, 4.9V.
[0060]
When the voltage of the connection terminal 5a is equal to or higher than the second reference voltage, it is determined that the battery 51 is not connected (that is, the case i), and the charging is stopped as “battery connection abnormality” or the charging operation is performed. Is not started (steps S13 and S14).
[0061]
When the voltage of the connection terminal 5a is lower than the second reference voltage, it is determined that the over-discharged battery 51 is connected (that is, the case ii), and it is determined that “over-discharge battery connection”. Then, charging is started in the second charging mode (steps S11 and S12). Here, the “second charging mode” is a charging method for performing a general constant current-constant voltage charging after performing a preliminary charging to a predetermined voltage by a charging method for an overdischarged battery.
[0062]
As described above, according to the charging device of the present embodiment, by providing a plurality of reference voltages, in addition to detecting the connection of the battery, the discharging state of the battery is also detected. Charging control becomes possible.
[0063]
According to the present invention, in addition to the connection of the resistor or thermistor built in the battery pack, the connection of the battery terminal and the battery voltage are checked in addition to the connection of the resistor or thermistor built in the battery pack with a circuit configuration substantially similar to the conventional circuit. As a result, the mounting state of the charging device and the battery pack can be understood in detail, and charging can be started and stopped, and the charging mode can be finely set according to the connection state and the voltage state of the battery. Note that means for notifying the user of the connection state and the charging state by voice or display may be provided.
[0064]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, in addition to checking the connection between a charging device and a thermistor or a resistor built in a battery pack, with the same circuit configuration as the conventional one, the presence or absence of connection of a battery terminal is detected, and the charging device and the battery are connected. The connection state of the pack can now be understood in detail, so that charging can be started and stopped according to the connection state, and charging can be performed even when the battery terminal is not connected. It is now possible to prevent the user from noticing and charging without temperature control.
[0065]
Further, by judging the voltage of the battery pack in two stages, in addition to the battery connection state, the discharge state of the battery can be known, and in combination with the program of the control circuit, charging by fine control can be performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a charging device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a specific configuration of a battery connection determination circuit.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a charging device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a battery connection determination unit.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of a conventional battery pack charging device.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 1 'charging device
1a to 1c Connection terminal on charging device side
5 Battery pack
5a-5c Connection terminal on battery pack side
11 Charge control circuit
13 Battery pack voltage detection circuit
13a Battery pack voltage measurement circuit
15 Precharge constant current circuit
17 Battery connection detection circuit
19 Battery connection judgment circuit
21, 21a control circuit
23 Battery connection judgment unit
31 charging circuit
51 batteries
D1 diode
M1 MOS transistor
R1, R3 resistance
R2 resistor (or thermistor)

Claims (15)

充電可能な電池と、該電池の充電中の温度又は該電池の充電装置への装着を検出するための検出用素子とを内蔵した電池パックを充電する充電装置において、
前記電池パック内の電池を定電流、定電圧で充電する充電回路と、
前記電池パック内の電池の端子と、前記充電装置との間の接続の有無を検出する電池端子接続検出回路と、
前記電池パック内の検出用素子と、前記充電装置との間の接続の有無を検出する検出端子接続検出回路と、
前記充電回路を制御する制御回路と、
前記電池端子接続検出回路の出力信号と、前記検出端子接続検出回路の出力信号とを入力し、それらの信号に基いて充電装置と電池パックの接続状態を判定する電池接続判定回路とを備え、
前記制御回路は、電池接続判定回路の判定結果に基いて、充電装置と電池パックの接続が正常になされているときに充電回路を作動させるよう制御する
ことを特徴とする充電装置。A charging device for charging a battery pack including a rechargeable battery and a detecting element for detecting a temperature during charging of the battery or attachment of the battery to the charging device,
A charging circuit for charging the battery in the battery pack with a constant current and a constant voltage,
A terminal of the battery in the battery pack, a battery terminal connection detection circuit for detecting the presence or absence of connection between the charging device,
A detection element in the battery pack, a detection terminal connection detection circuit for detecting the presence or absence of connection between the charging device,
A control circuit for controlling the charging circuit;
An output signal of the battery terminal connection detection circuit and an output signal of the detection terminal connection detection circuit are input, and a battery connection determination circuit that determines a connection state between the charging device and the battery pack based on those signals,
The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit controls the charging circuit to operate when the connection between the charging device and the battery pack is made normally based on a determination result of the battery connection determination circuit. 前記電池接続判定回路は、電池端子接続検出回路の出力信号が電池端子と充電装置との接続がなされていることを示し、且つ検出端子接続検出回路の出力信号が検出用素子と充電装置との接続がなされていることを示す場合に、電池パックが充電装置に正常に接続されていると判定する、ことを特徴とする請求項１記載の充電装置。The battery connection determination circuit, the output signal of the battery terminal connection detection circuit indicates that the connection between the battery terminal and the charging device has been made, and the output signal of the detection terminal connection detection circuit between the detection element and the charging device The charging device according to claim 1, wherein when the connection is established, it is determined that the battery pack is normally connected to the charging device. 前記電池接続判定回路は、検出端子接続検出回路の出力信号が検出用素子と充電装置との接続がなされていないことを示す場合に、または、電池端子接続検出回路の出力信号が電池パックの電池の端子と充電装置との接続がなされていないことを示す場合に、電池パックが充電装置に正常に接続されていないと判定する、ことを特徴とする請求項１記載の充電装置。The battery connection determination circuit is configured to output the detection signal when the output signal of the detection terminal connection detection circuit indicates that the connection between the detection element and the charging device is not established, or when the output signal of the battery terminal connection detection circuit is a battery of the battery pack. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein when it is determined that the terminal is not connected to the charging device, it is determined that the battery pack is not normally connected to the charging device. 充電可能な電池と、該電池の充電中の温度又は該電池の充電装置への装着を検出するための検出用素子とを内蔵した電池パックを充電する充電装置において、
前記電池パック内の電池を定電流、定電圧で充電する充電回路と、
前記電池パック内の電池の電圧値を測定する電池パック電圧測定回路と、
前記検出用素子に電流を供給する手段と、
前記供給された電流によって前記検出用素子に発生した電圧を検出し、充電装置と電池パック間の接続の有無を検出する電池接続検出回路と、
前記電池パックの電池に予備充電を行うための電流を供給する予備充電定電流回路と、
前記充電回路を制御する制御回路と、
前記電池パック電圧測定回路による電池パックの電池の電圧測定値と、前記電池接続検出回路の出力信号とを入力し、それらの信号に基いて、充電装置と電池パックの接続状態と、電池の放電状態とを判定する電池接続判定手段とを備え、前記制御回路は、該電池接続判定手段の判定結果にしたがい前記充電回路を作動させる
ことを特徴とする充電装置。A charging device for charging a battery pack including a rechargeable battery and a detecting element for detecting a temperature during charging of the battery or attachment of the battery to the charging device,
A charging circuit for charging the battery in the battery pack with a constant current and a constant voltage,
A battery pack voltage measurement circuit that measures a voltage value of a battery in the battery pack,
Means for supplying a current to the detecting element;
A battery connection detection circuit that detects a voltage generated in the detection element by the supplied current, and detects whether or not there is a connection between the charging device and the battery pack.
A precharge constant current circuit that supplies a current for performing precharge to the battery of the battery pack,
A control circuit for controlling the charging circuit;
A voltage measurement value of the battery of the battery pack by the battery pack voltage measurement circuit and an output signal of the battery connection detection circuit are input, and based on those signals, a connection state between the charging device and the battery pack, and a discharge of the battery. A battery charger comprising: battery connection determining means for determining a state; and the control circuit activates the charging circuit according to a determination result of the battery connection determining means. 前記電池接続判定手段は、電池接続検出回路の出力信号が電池パックの接続有りを示し、且つ、電池状態判別のための予備充電前の電池パックの電池の電圧が第１の基準電圧以上の場合に、電池と充電装置の接続が正常になされ、且つ電池の電圧が過放電状態にないと判定し、
その際、前記制御回路は電池接続判定手段によるその判定結果にしたがい、第１の充電モードにて充電を行うよう制御する、ことを特徴とする請求項４記載の充電装置。The battery connection determination means may be configured to output the battery connection detection circuit when the output signal indicates that the battery pack is connected, and when the voltage of the battery of the battery pack before the preliminary charge for determining the battery state is equal to or higher than the first reference voltage. It is determined that the connection between the battery and the charging device has been made normally and that the voltage of the battery is not in an overdischarged state,
5. The charging device according to claim 4, wherein the control circuit controls charging in the first charging mode in accordance with a result of the determination by the battery connection determining unit. 前記電池接続判定手段は、電池接続検出回路の出力信号が電池パックの接続有りを示し、電池状態判別のための予備充電前の電池パックの電池の電圧が第１の基準電圧以下の場合で、且つ、電池状態判別のための予備充電後の電池パックの電池の電圧が第１の基準電圧より高い第２の基準電圧より低い場合は、電池と充電装置との接続が正常であり、且つ、電池が過放電状態にあると判定し、
その際、前記制御回路は第１の充電モードとは異なる第２の充電モードにて充電を行うよう制御する、ことを特徴とする請求項４記載の充電装置。The battery connection determination means, when the output signal of the battery connection detection circuit indicates the connection of the battery pack, and when the voltage of the battery of the battery pack before pre-charging for battery state determination is equal to or less than the first reference voltage, When the voltage of the battery of the battery pack after the preliminary charge for determining the battery state is lower than the second reference voltage higher than the first reference voltage, the connection between the battery and the charging device is normal, and It is determined that the battery is in the over-discharge state,
5. The charging device according to claim 4, wherein the control circuit controls charging in a second charging mode different from the first charging mode. 前記電池接続判定手段は、電池接続検出回路の出力信号が電池パックの接続無しを示す場合に、または、電池状態判別のための予備充電後の電池パックの電池の電圧が第２の基準電圧以上の場合に、電池の接続が異常であると判定し、
その際、前記制御回路は充電を停止するよう制御する、ことを特徴とする請求項４記載の充電装置。The battery connection determination means is configured to output the battery connection detection circuit when the output signal indicates that the battery pack is not connected, or when the voltage of the battery of the battery pack after the preliminary charge for determining the battery state is equal to or higher than the second reference voltage. In the case of, it is determined that the battery connection is abnormal,
5. The charging device according to claim 4, wherein the control circuit controls to stop charging. 前記電池接続判定手段は、制御回路が電池状態判別のための予備充電を開始させてから所定時間経過後に、電池パックの電池の電圧が第２の基準電圧以上か否かの判定を行うようにする、ことを特徴とする請求項６または７記載の充電装置。The battery connection determination means determines whether or not the voltage of the battery of the battery pack is equal to or higher than a second reference voltage after a predetermined time has elapsed since the control circuit started preliminary charging for battery state determination. The charging device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein 前記所定時間は、充電装置に電池パックが接続されていない状態において、制御回路が電池状態判別のための予備充電を開始させてから、電池の端子電圧が安定するまでの時間以上に設定する、ことを特徴とする請求項８記載の充電装置。The predetermined time is set to be equal to or longer than a time from when the control circuit starts preliminary charging for battery state determination to a time when the terminal voltage of the battery is stabilized in a state where the battery pack is not connected to the charging device, 9. The charging device according to claim 8, wherein: 前記第１の基準電圧は電池パックの電池の電圧が過放電状態になった場合の電圧値に設定し、前記第２の基準電圧は電池パックの電池の電圧がフル充電された場合の電圧より高く、且つ予備充電定電流回路の電源電圧より低い電圧値に設定する、ことを特徴とする請求項５ないし９のいずれか一に記載の充電装置。The first reference voltage is set to a voltage value when the voltage of the battery of the battery pack is in an overdischarged state, and the second reference voltage is set to a voltage value when the voltage of the battery of the battery pack is fully charged. The charging device according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the charging device is set to a voltage value that is high and lower than a power supply voltage of the precharge constant current circuit. 充電可能な電池、及び該電池の充電中の温度又は該電池の充電装置への装着を検出するための検出用素子を内蔵した電池パックと、その電池パックを充電する充電装置との接続を検出する方法において、
前記電池パック内の電池の端子と前記充電装置との間の接続の有無を検出し、
前記電池パック内の検出用素子と前記充電装置との間の接続の有無を検出し、
電池パック内の電池の端子と充電装置との接続がなされており、且つ、電池パック内の検出用素子と充電装置との接続がなされている場合に、電池パックが充電装置に正常に接続されていると判定する
ことを特徴とする検出方法。Detects connection between a rechargeable battery, a battery pack incorporating a detecting element for detecting a temperature during charging of the battery or mounting of the battery on the charging device, and a charging device for charging the battery pack In the method
Detecting the presence or absence of connection between the terminal of the battery in the battery pack and the charging device,
Detecting the presence or absence of connection between the detection element in the battery pack and the charging device,
When the terminals of the battery in the battery pack are connected to the charging device, and the detecting element in the battery pack is connected to the charging device, the battery pack is normally connected to the charging device. A detection method characterized in that it is determined that there is an error. 充電可能な電池、及び該電池の充電中の温度又は該電池の充電装置への装着を検出するための検出用素子を内蔵した電池パックと、その電池パックを充電する充電装置との接続を検出する方法において、
前記電池パック内の電池の電圧値を測定し、
前記充電装置と前記電池パックとの間の接続の有無を検出し、
前記電池パック内の電池の電圧測定値と、充電装置と前記電池パックとの間の接続の検出結果に基いて、充電装置と電池パックの接続状態と、電池の放電状態とを判定する
ことを特徴とする検出方法。Detects connection between a rechargeable battery, a battery pack incorporating a detecting element for detecting a temperature during charging of the battery or mounting of the battery on the charging device, and a charging device for charging the battery pack In the method
Measure the voltage value of the battery in the battery pack,
Detecting the presence or absence of connection between the charging device and the battery pack,
Determining a connection state between the charging device and the battery pack and a discharging state of the battery based on a voltage measurement value of a battery in the battery pack and a detection result of a connection between the charging device and the battery pack. Characteristic detection method. 充電装置と電池パックの接続が検出され、且つ、予備充電される前の電池パックの電池の電圧が第１の基準電圧以上の場合には、電池と充電装置の接続が正常で、且つ電池の電圧が過放電状態にないと判定する、ことを特徴とする請求項１２記載の検出方法。If the connection between the charging device and the battery pack is detected and the voltage of the battery of the battery pack before the pre-charging is equal to or higher than the first reference voltage, the connection between the battery and the charging device is normal, and The detection method according to claim 12, wherein it is determined that the voltage is not in an overdischarge state. 充電装置と電池パックの接続が検出され、且つ、電池パックの電池の電圧が第１の基準電圧より低い場合には、電池パックの電池に対して電池状態判別のための予備充電を行ない、
該予備充電後の電池パックの電池の電圧が第１の基準電圧より高い第２の基準電圧より低い場合は、電池と充電装置との接続が正常で、且つ電池が過放電状態にあると判定し、
該予備充電後の電池パックの電池の電圧が第２の基準電圧以上の場合は、電池の接続が異常であると判定する、
ことを特徴とする請求項１２記載の検出方法。If the connection between the charging device and the battery pack is detected, and the voltage of the battery of the battery pack is lower than the first reference voltage, the battery of the battery pack is preliminarily charged for battery state determination;
If the voltage of the battery of the battery pack after the preliminary charge is lower than the second reference voltage higher than the first reference voltage, it is determined that the connection between the battery and the charging device is normal and the battery is in an overdischarged state. And
When the voltage of the battery of the battery pack after the preliminary charge is equal to or higher than the second reference voltage, it is determined that the connection of the battery is abnormal.
The detection method according to claim 12, wherein: 充電装置と電池パックの接続無しが検出された場合に、電池の接続が異常であると判定する、ことを特徴とする請求項１２記載の検出方法。13. The detection method according to claim 12, wherein when the absence of the connection between the charging device and the battery pack is detected, it is determined that the connection of the battery is abnormal.
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