JP2004016207A - Method for producing royal jelly and the royal jelly - Google Patents
Method for producing royal jelly and the royal jelly Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004016207A JP2004016207A JP2002180554A JP2002180554A JP2004016207A JP 2004016207 A JP2004016207 A JP 2004016207A JP 2002180554 A JP2002180554 A JP 2002180554A JP 2002180554 A JP2002180554 A JP 2002180554A JP 2004016207 A JP2004016207 A JP 2004016207A
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- royal jelly
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- 229940109850 royal jelly Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- QHBZHVUGQROELI-SOFGYWHQSA-N (E)-10-hydroxydec-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O QHBZHVUGQROELI-SOFGYWHQSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009341 apiculture Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- RBCOYOYDYNXAFA-UHFFFAOYSA-L (5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)methyl phosphate Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(COP([O-])([O-])=O)C(C)=C1O RBCOYOYDYNXAFA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Substances OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K59/00—Honey collection
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L21/00—Marmalades, jams, jellies or the like; Products from apiculture; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L21/20—Products from apiculture, e.g. royal jelly or pollen; Substitutes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L21/00—Marmalades, jams, jellies or the like; Products from apiculture; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L21/20—Products from apiculture, e.g. royal jelly or pollen; Substitutes therefor
- A23L21/25—Honey; Honey substitutes
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ローヤルゼリーおよびその製造方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
ローヤルゼリーはミツバチから採取される食品で、幼虫の育成のために羽化後３〜１２日齢の働き蜂が下咽頭腺と大腮腺とから分泌する、乳白色をしたペースト状の物質である。働き蜂となる幼虫は、孵化後３日齢を過ぎるとローヤルゼリーに替わって花粉と蜂蜜を餌として与えられるが、３日齢を過ぎてもローヤルゼリーのみを餌として育てられた幼虫は、一日３０００個の卵を産卵する能力を持つ女王蜂へと成長する。働き蜂が産卵から２１日で羽化・出房するのに対し、女王蜂は産卵から１５日で羽化・出房する。
【０００３】
現在のローヤルゼリーの採乳は、一般的に、故井上丹治氏によって開発された人工王台を用いる方法で行われている。
【０００４】
まず十分な規模の養蜂が行われている蜂群において、女王蜂を隔離した上で、巣箱に内径１ｃｍ前後のカッププラスチック製人工王台１２個×３列（ベッド）を逆さに並べた巣枠を設置する。その一つ一つに、働き蜂の巣房から孵化後３日以内の幼虫を移す（移虫）。
【０００５】
ここへ、羽化後数日から１０日までの、幼虫の世話を受け持つ働き蜂がローヤルゼリーを分泌する。良質のローヤルゼリーを分泌させるためには、働き蜂にはハチミツの他に多量の花粉を摂取させる必要がある。
【０００６】
王台は移虫後６８〜７２時間でほぼ満杯になり、ミツロウで蓋をされるので、これを竹のへらや真空ポンプなどを用いて回収（採乳）し、プラスチック容器などにいったん収容する。
【０００７】
採乳直後のローヤルゼリーには、幼虫や幼虫の排泄物、働き蜂の羽、巣を形作っていたミツロウの破片等の夾雑物が混入するため、これらを取り除く精製の工程が行われる。この作業はメッシュ状の濾布等により濾過する方法で、あるいは日本国内では小規模に押し出し式の濾過装置を用い、人手で行われている。
【０００８】
ちなみにローヤルゼリーの成分は、水分約６８％、タンパク質約１３％、糖質約１６％、脂質約４％であり、その他ビタミンＢ１、ビタミンＢ２、ビタミンＢ６、ニコチン酸、葉酸、パントテン酸、ビオチン、イノシトール、アセチルコリン、γ−アミノ酪酸などが含まれている。そしてローヤルゼリーは、医学界においても、生活習慣病、ガン、心臓病、脳卒中等々に効果があるとして注目されている。近年の研究により、ローヤルゼリーは免疫細胞に作用することによる免疫力の活性化、抗炎症・鎮痛作用、活性酸素の除去、抗菌・殺菌作用を持ちながら耐性菌が生まれない、といった多くの薬理作用を持つことが知られている。
【０００９】
ローヤルゼリーの生理活性成分としては、１０−ヒドロキシデセン酸が知られている。従来の採乳方法によるローヤルゼリーは、およそ１．７〜２．２％程度の１０−ヒドロキシデセン酸を含有する。
【００１０】
しかしローヤルゼリーの成分の多くは分子量の大きい有機物であるため、８℃以上の高温や紫外線の照射、二酸化炭素をはじめとする空気中の酸性成分、または金属との接触によって分解・変質を起こし、時間の経過とともに徐々に活性が損なわれる。このような変質を防ぐため、採乳されたローヤルゼリーは、冷蔵庫または冷凍庫で低温保存される。
【００１１】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
移虫においては孵化後数日の幼虫が用いられるが、ミツバチの幼虫は非常に小さく柔弱であるため、少しでも大きく育っている方が扱いやすい。しかし幼虫が大きいと、それだけローヤルゼリーに混入する排泄物が増え、また幼虫による消費量も増すという欠点がある。
【００１２】
また採乳は、現在は収量を優先させるために、王台が満杯になる移虫後６８〜７２時間に行われているが、前述の幼虫による悪影響と、また常温では成分の分解・変質が進行することなどから、王台が一杯になる間にも品質が劣化が起こる。
【００１３】
王台から採乳されたローヤルゼリーの精製作業は、ローヤルゼリーの鮮度を落とさないためにも、養蜂を行っている現場で速やかに行い、精製後はすぐに低温保存に移す事が望ましい。しかし現在、中国国内の多くの養蜂の現場では、電力供給が得られず、または冷蔵設備もないため、採乳したローヤルゼリーは夾雑物が混入したまま、常温で長時間放置した後、数キロずつまとめて都市部の精製工場へ運搬される。ローヤルゼリーは精製工場ではじめて−１８℃に冷凍保存されるが、トン単位のまとまった量になったところで解凍し、金属製の撹拌装置で均質に混合して、人力で濾過精製の後、再度−１８℃で冷凍されるのが通例である。−１８℃での冷凍は、長期保存においては品質を保つために有効であるが、凍結・解凍を繰り返すことはかえってタンパク質等の分解を助長する。またローヤルゼリーは粘度の高いペースト状をしており非常に重いため、メッシュが詰まるなどして濾過・攪拌の処理に時間が掛かると、外気に曝される時間が長くなって品質が損なわれる。したがって重労働であるとともに、この精製の過程が一層の品質低下の要因となっている。
【００１４】
ちなみに、ローヤルゼリーの品質低下を早める要因としては、（１）空気中の二酸化炭素等の酸性成分との接触、（２）紫外線の照射、（３）８℃以上の高温、（４）金属との接触による、（５）無機酸との接触、等が挙げられる。
【００１５】
働き蜂の摂取する餌も品質に大きく影響する。一般に、蜂群の維持のためにはハチミツの代用として砂糖水が良く使われるが、この場合のローヤルゼリーの活性はハチミツを与えた場合より遙かに劣り、受精卵の幼虫に与えても正規な女王蜂にならない。このように養蜂を行う環境において、蜜源が充分に確保できるか、または他の虫や動物による害、細菌感染、薬剤等によって蜂群がストレスを受けないか、ということも、ローヤルゼリーの品質に大きな影響を与える。
【００１６】
本発明は上述の課題を解決するためになされたもので、ローヤルゼリー製造の諸工程に種々の改良を加えることにより、高品質で高純度のローヤルゼリーの生産を可能にする方法と、この方法により得られるローヤルゼリーを開示するものである。
【００１７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、この発明のローヤルゼリー製造方法を以下に示す。
【００１８】
請求項１には、一般的なローヤルゼリー採乳の工程と、採乳を移虫から４８〜５０時間で行い、また精製工程を採乳後速やかに行うことを更に含むローヤルゼリー製造方法を示す。ローヤルゼリーは移虫の後、ミツバチの活動に従って徐々に分泌され、王台に溜まっていく。養蜂家の作業はミツバチの活動サイクルに従い通常２４時間単位で行われるが、移虫後２４時間ではまだほとんど採乳できるほどたまっておらず、また俗に初乳と呼ばれるこの２４時間採乳物を餌としても幼虫が女王蜂に育つことはない。移虫後４８時間でもローヤルゼリーは王台の容積のおよそ５割ほど（約２５０ｍｇ）を満たす程度である。最も開花条件の良い最盛期には収率は格段に上がるが、それでも移虫後４８時間で王台の８割を満たす程度である。このため移虫後短時間で採乳を行うと、従来法より収量が落ち、労働サイクルが短くなるため作業量が増えることになる。これらの点では採乳までの時間を短くするほど不利であるが、分泌からの短時間のうちに精製工程や低温保存状態へ移行するため、生理活性成分含量等、品質の点では従来法より顕著に向上する。また簡便な遠心濾過装置を蜂場の近傍に設置し、この工程にかかる時間を短縮することにより、ローヤルゼリーが室温と外気や紫外線に曝される機会を低減させる。
【００１９】
請求項２には、移虫に２日齢の幼虫を用いることを更に含むローヤルゼリー製造方法を示す。幼虫は非常に小さく柔弱なので、傷つけないように王台へ移す作業では、日齢が幼いほど扱いが困難であるが、これにより幼虫による食害や、排泄物など夾雑物の混入が低減されるため、ローヤルゼリーの品質を向上させることができる。
【００２０】
更に、請求項３には、精製された直後のローヤルゼリーを０〜４℃の温度条件の暗所で保存することを更に含むローヤルゼリー製造方法を示す。ローヤルゼリーは８℃以上の温度条件下では成分の分解や変質が急速に進み、また紫外線の照射によっても品質が劣化する。一方、氷点下で凍結保存を行うと、その後解凍と再凍結を繰り返す事により成分の分解を招き、また１０−ヒドロキシデセン酸は解凍後も融解しなくなる性質があるため、生理活性物質として利用しにくい形態となる。このため、保存期間が４週間以内程度であれば、氷点以上の低温で紫外線を避けての冷蔵保存が活性維持のために最も有効である。
【００２１】
更に請求項４には、精製したローヤルゼリーを、２±０．５℃の温度条件で保存することを更に含むローヤルゼリー製造方法を示す。請求項３で示した温度条件の中でも、特に２℃前後での保存により、ローヤルゼリーの生理活性を安定して保持することが可能になる。
【００２２】
更に請求項５には、本発明にかかるローヤルゼリー製造は、ローヤルゼリー採乳のための養蜂を、充分大きく均質な蜜源が得られ、またミツバチ以外の昆虫やダニ等の害虫、病原菌、農薬、塵埃の飛散等の汚染を回避できる隔離地で行うことを特徴とするローヤルゼリー製造方法を示す。ローヤルゼリーの採乳は、菜の花、ニセアカシア、レンゲ、ソバ、等々のいろいろな蜜源を利用して行うことができるが、充分な量の均質な蜜と花粉を供給できる蜜源で養蜂を行うことにより、ミツバチに充分で良質な餌が均質に供給され、ミツバチから分泌されるローヤルゼリーの品質向上と安定が図られる。また、病原菌や薬剤、塵埃による汚染を回避できる場所としては、例えば人通りが少なく空気が清浄な高山地帯などが考えられる。このような環境で養蜂を行うことにより、蜂群へのストレスが低減され、安定して供給と品質のローヤルゼリーの採取が可能となる。
【００２３】
更に請求項６には、請求項１に示す工程に用いられる器具が、金属以外の竹・木材、樹脂等の素材でできているか、あるいは金属製であってもテフロン（登録商標）や琺瑯による被膜を施されている事を特徴とする、ローヤルゼリー製造方法を示す。金属との接触はローヤルゼリーの成分に化学変化を引き起こすため、採乳、精製、攪拌などに用いる容器、へら、精製装置などの表面での金属の露出を避けることにより、ローヤルゼリーの変質を予防する。
【００２４】
更に請求項７には、上記に示す請求項１〜５に記載の方法によって製造された、ローヤルゼリーを開示する。
【００２５】
更に請求項８には、活性成分である１０−ヒドロキシデセン酸の含有量が２．５％以上であるローヤルゼリーを開示する。上記のような改良を施したローヤルゼリー製造方法は、このような生理活性成分含有量の高いローヤルゼリーの製造を可能にする。
【００２６】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の方法に従って採取・精製・保存されたローヤルゼリーについて、生理活性成分の分析を行った。
【００２７】
分析サンプルとしたローヤルゼリーは、中国青海省の青藏高原において製造された。ここは海抜３５００メートルの高地で、天然の広大な菜の花の群生地があり、良質で均一な蜜源となっている。この地域は気候が冷涼であるために他の植物が花をつけず、ミツバチ以外の昆虫や小動物の生育も少なく、また高山地帯山中の盆地であるため、外部からの昆虫や雑菌の飛来もきわめて少ない。また高地のため空気が清浄で、周辺地域では農薬や抗生物質を用いないため、ミツバチへの病害や薬剤によるストレスが避けられる。
【００２８】
移虫には孵化後２日齢の幼虫を使用し、逆さに設置された直径１センチ、高さ１．３ｃｍのプラスチック製人工王台に、鳥の羽で作ったヘラを用いて一つずつ移虫した。王台は横一列に３４個ずつ、２列に並べて巣枠に組み、これを女王蜂を隔離した１００個ほどの巣箱に収めた。
【００２９】
この状態で巣箱の蓋をし、移虫から４８時間経過前に巣枠を取り出して、採乳を行った。まずピンセットで幼虫を傷つけないように取り出してから、筆または竹べらを用いて王台からローヤルゼリーを取り出した。
【００３０】
採乳直後、採乳の現場に琺瑯皮膜を施した濾過精製装置を設置して精製を行った。精製されたローヤルゼリーは速やかにプラスチック容器に移し、容器の口元まで充填した状態で密封した。保管中は２℃の温度条件に保った。
【００３１】
【実施例】
（実施例）
上記の方法で得られたローヤルゼリーについて、成分分析の結果を以下に示す。
【００３２】
分析は財団法人日本食品分析センターへの委託により行い、ＨＰＬＣ（高性能液体クロマトグラフィー）が用いて行われた。ＨＰＬＣの分析条件は、カラム：Ｉｎｅｒｔｓｉｌ ＯＤＳ−２ ４．０ｍｍ×１００ｍｍ、カラム温度４０℃、移動相：１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌリン酸緩衝液−メタノール ６０：４０（Ｖ／Ｖ）、流速０．７５ｍｌ／分、検出波長２１０ｎｍで行った。
【００３３】
この分析により得られた、従来法と本願発明によるローヤルゼリー中の生理活性成分の含有率を以下に示す。
【００３４】
【表１】
上記表１に示されたように、本願発明によるローヤルゼリーは、生理活性成分である１０−ヒドロキシデセン酸の含量が２．５６％という高い値を達成していた。上記表の左側三列に示すように、現在市販されている一般のローヤルゼリーの１０−ヒドロキシデセン酸含有量は１．７〜２．２％であることから、これは顕著に高い活性成分含有量と言える。また同様に生理活性が認められているパントテン酸においても７．４１ｍｇ／１００ｍｇという高い含有量が測定された。
【００３６】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明に示すローヤルゼリー製造方法は、ローヤルゼリーの活性成分含量を顕著に高め、また品質の低下を防ぐために有用であり、この方法を用いて製造されたローヤルゼリーからは高い生理活性が得られる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to royal jelly and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Royal jelly is a food product collected from honeybees, and is a milky white paste-like substance secreted from the hypopharyngeal gland and the large gland by working bees 3 to 12 days old after emergence for larva rearing. After 3 days of hatching, larvae that become working bees are replaced with royal jelly and are fed with pollen and honey. Grows into a queen bee with the ability to lay eggs. The worker bee emerges and emerges 21 days after laying, while the queen bee emerges and emerges 15 days after laying.
[0003]
Currently, royal jelly is milked using an artificial royal platform developed by the late Tanji Inoue.
[0004]
First, in a bee colony with sufficient beekeeping, after separating the queen bee, place a nest frame in which 12 x 3 rows (beds) of artificial cups made of cup plastic with an inner diameter of about 1 cm are placed upside down in a nest box. Install. The larvae within 3 days after hatching are transferred from each worker's hive to each one (migratory).
[0005]
Here, from several days to 10 days after emergence, worker bees taking care of the larvae secrete royal jelly. In order to release good royal jelly, worker bees need to be fed a large amount of pollen in addition to honey.
[0006]
The royal stand is almost full 68 to 72 hours after the transfer, and is covered with beeswax. This is collected (milked) using a bamboo spatula or a vacuum pump, and temporarily stored in a plastic container or the like. .
[0007]
Royal jelly immediately after milk collection contains impurities such as larvae and larval excreta, worker bee wings, and beeswax fragments that formed the nest. Therefore, a purification step is performed to remove these. This work is performed manually by a method of filtering with a mesh filter cloth or the like, or manually in Japan using a small-sized extrusion-type filtration device.
[0008]
Incidentally components of royal jelly, water content of about 68%, protein 13%, carbohydrate 16%, about 4% lipid, other vitamin B 1, vitamin B 2, vitamin B 6, nicotinic acid, folic acid, pantothenic acid, Biotin, inositol, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and the like. Royal jelly is also attracting attention in the medical community as being effective for lifestyle-related diseases, cancer, heart disease, stroke, and the like. According to recent research, royal jelly has many pharmacological effects, such as activation of immunity by acting on immune cells, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, removal of active oxygen, antibacterial and bactericidal effects, but no resistant bacteria are born. It is known to have.
[0009]
As a physiologically active ingredient of royal jelly, 10-hydroxydecenoic acid is known. The royal jelly by the conventional milking method contains about 1.7 to 2.2% of 10-hydroxydecenoic acid.
[0010]
However, most of the components of royal jelly are organic substances with large molecular weights, so they decompose and degrade when exposed to high temperatures of 8 ° C or higher, ultraviolet rays, acidic components such as carbon dioxide, or metals in the air. The activity is gradually impaired over time. In order to prevent such deterioration, the royal jelly collected is stored at a low temperature in a refrigerator or a freezer.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Larvae several days after hatching are used in the transfer, but honeybee larvae are very small and fragile, so it is easier to handle them if they are slightly larger. However, when the larva is large, the excreta mixed into the royal jelly increases, and the consumption by the larva increases.
[0012]
In addition, milk collection is currently performed 68-72 hours after migration, when the royal platform is full, in order to give priority to yield, but the adverse effects of the larvae described above and the decomposition and alteration of the components at room temperature are also caused. As the process progresses, the quality deteriorates even when the royal platform is full.
[0013]
It is desirable that the royal jelly collected from the royal platform be purified immediately at the site where beekeeping is performed in order to maintain the freshness of the royal jelly, and that the royal jelly be immediately transferred to low-temperature storage after purification. However, at the current beekeeping sites in China, power supply is not available or there is no refrigeration equipment. Collectively transported to an urban refinery. Royal jelly is frozen and stored at -18 ° C for the first time in a refinery, but when it reaches a unit volume of tons, it is thawed, mixed homogeneously with a metal stirrer, filtered and purified manually, and It is customary to freeze at 18 ° C. Freezing at −18 ° C. is effective for maintaining quality during long-term storage, but repeated freezing and thawing instead promotes the decomposition of proteins and the like. In addition, since royal jelly is in the form of a paste having a high viscosity and is very heavy, if it takes a long time to perform filtration and stirring due to clogging of the mesh, etc., the time required for exposure to the outside air is prolonged and the quality is impaired. Therefore, the labor is hard work, and this refining process causes further deterioration of quality.
[0014]
Incidentally, the factors that accelerate the deterioration of the quality of royal jelly are (1) contact with acidic components such as carbon dioxide in the air, (2) irradiation of ultraviolet rays, (3) high temperature of 8 ° C. or higher, and (4) (5) contact with an inorganic acid by contact, and the like.
[0015]
The diet that worker bees consume also has a significant effect on quality. Generally, sugar water is often used as a substitute for honey for maintaining bee colonies, but the activity of royal jelly in this case is much lower than when honey is given, and even when given to fertilized egg larvae, Not a queen bee. In an environment where beekeeping is conducted in this way, whether the source of honey can be sufficiently ensured, or whether the bee colony is stressed by harm from other insects or animals, bacterial infection, drugs, etc., is a major factor in the quality of royal jelly. Affect.
[0016]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a method for producing high-quality and high-purity royal jelly by adding various improvements to various processes of royal jelly production, and a method obtained by this method. Royal jelly is disclosed.
[0017]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a method for producing royal jelly of the present invention will be described below.
[0018]
Claim 1 shows a general royal jelly milking process and a royal jelly production method which further includes performing the milking in 48 to 50 hours after the transfer and performing the purification step immediately after milking. The royal jelly is gradually secreted following the activity of the bees after being transferred, and accumulates on the platform. Beekeepers usually work on a 24-hour basis in accordance with the activity cycle of the bees, but in the 24-hour period after transfer, they have not yet accumulated enough to be able to collect milk, and this 24-hour milk, commonly called colostrum, is collected. Caterpillars do not grow on queen bees. Even 48 hours after transfer, the royal jelly can fill about 50% (about 250 mg) of the royal platform. In the prime season, when flowering conditions are the best, the yield significantly increases, but it still satisfies 80% of the king's stand 48 hours after transfer. Therefore, if milk is collected in a short time after the transfer, the yield will be lower than in the conventional method, and the work cycle will be shortened, resulting in an increase in the amount of work. In these respects, it is disadvantageous to shorten the time until milk collection, but since it shifts to the purification step and low-temperature storage state within a short time from secretion, the quality such as the content of bioactive components is higher than that of the conventional method. Notably improved. In addition, by installing a simple centrifugal filtration device near the bee field and shortening the time required for this step, the royal jelly is less likely to be exposed to room temperature, outside air, and ultraviolet rays.
[0019]
Claim 2 shows a method for producing royal jelly, further comprising using two-day-old larvae for transfer. Since the larvae are very small and fragile, it is difficult to handle the larvae as they move to the royal platform so that they do not hurt. , The quality of royal jelly can be improved.
[0020]
Further, a third aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing royal jelly, which further comprises storing the royal jelly immediately after purification in a dark place at a temperature of 0 to 4 ° C. The royal jelly is rapidly decomposed and deteriorated under a temperature condition of 8 ° C. or more, and its quality is deteriorated by irradiation with ultraviolet rays. On the other hand, when the cryopreservation is performed at a temperature below the freezing point, the components are decomposed by repeating thawing and re-freezing thereafter, and since 10-hydroxydecenoic acid has a property of not being thawed even after thawing, it is difficult to use as a physiologically active substance. Form. Therefore, if the storage period is about 4 weeks or less, refrigerated storage at a low temperature above freezing and avoiding ultraviolet rays is most effective for maintaining the activity.
[0021]
Claim 4 shows a method for producing royal jelly, which further comprises storing the purified royal jelly at a temperature of 2 ± 0.5 ° C. Of the temperature conditions described in claim 3, storage at about 2 ° C. in particular makes it possible to stably maintain the royal jelly's physiological activity.
[0022]
Further, in claim 5, the royal jelly production according to the present invention provides a beekeeping for royal jelly milking that a sufficiently large and uniform honey source can be obtained, and that pests other than honeybees, such as insects and mites, pathogens, pesticides, dust, etc. A method for producing royal jelly, which is performed in an isolated place where contamination such as scattering can be avoided, will be described. The royal jelly can be milked using various honey sources such as rapeseed, locust, vetch, buckwheat, etc. As a result, the quality of royal jelly secreted by honeybees is improved and stable. In addition, as a place where contamination by pathogenic bacteria, chemicals, and dust can be avoided, for example, an alpine area with little traffic and clean air can be considered. By performing beekeeping in such an environment, stress on the bee colony is reduced, and royal jelly of stable supply and quality can be collected.
[0023]
Further, in claim 6, the device used in the step of claim 1 is made of a material other than metal, such as bamboo, wood, resin, or even if it is made of metal, it is made of Teflon (registered trademark) or enamel. 1 shows a method for producing royal jelly, which is characterized by being coated. Since contact with metal causes a chemical change in the components of the royal jelly, deterioration of the royal jelly is prevented by avoiding exposure of the metal to the surface of a container used for milk collection, purification, stirring, a spatula, a purification device, and the like.
[0024]
Further, claim 7 discloses a royal jelly produced by the method according to claims 1 to 5 described above.
[0025]
Claim 8 discloses a royal jelly in which the content of 10-hydroxydecenoic acid as an active ingredient is 2.5% or more. The royal jelly production method improved as described above enables production of royal jelly having a high content of such a physiologically active ingredient.
[0026]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The royal jelly collected, purified and stored according to the method of the present invention was analyzed for physiologically active components.
[0027]
The royal jelly, which was used as an analytical sample, was manufactured at the Qingzhai Plateau in Qinghai Province, China. It is a high altitude of 3500 meters above sea level and has a vast and large rape blossom cluster, making it a good and uniform nectar source. In this area, other plants do not flower due to the cool climate, and there is little growth of insects and small animals other than honeybees.Because it is a basin in the alpine mountains, the arrival of insects and germs from the outside is extremely high. Few. In addition, since the air is clean because of the highlands, and pesticides and antibiotics are not used in the surrounding area, disease to bees and stress caused by drugs are avoided.
[0028]
Two-day-old larvae were used for the transfer, and one by one using a spatula made of bird wings on a plastic artificial pedestal with a diameter of 1 cm and a height of 1.3 cm placed upside down. Transferred. The royal stands were arranged in two rows of 34 nests in a row, and the nests were placed in about 100 nest boxes where the queen bees were isolated.
[0029]
In this state, the nest box was covered, and the nest frame was taken out 48 hours before the transfer and milking was performed. First, the larva was taken out with tweezers so as not to hurt, and then the royal jelly was taken out from the royal stand using a brush or a bamboo spatula.
[0030]
Immediately after milk collection, purification was performed by installing a filtration and purification device provided with an enamel coating at the site of milk collection. The purified royal jelly was immediately transferred to a plastic container, and sealed with the container filled with the mouth. During storage, the temperature was kept at 2 ° C.
[0031]
【Example】
(Example)
The results of component analysis of the royal jelly obtained by the above method are shown below.
[0032]
The analysis was performed by commissioning the Japan Food Research Laboratories, and was performed using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). HPLC analysis conditions were as follows: column: Inertsil ODS-2 4.0 mm × 100 mm, column temperature 40 ° C., mobile phase: 10 mmol / L phosphate buffer-methanol 60:40 (V / V), flow rate 0.75 ml / min. At a detection wavelength of 210 nm.
[0033]
The content of the physiologically active ingredient in the royal jelly according to the conventional method and the present invention obtained by this analysis is shown below.
[0034]
[Table 1]
As shown in Table 1, the royal jelly according to the present invention had a high content of 2.56% of 10-hydroxydecenoic acid as a physiologically active ingredient. As shown in the left three columns of the above table, the 10-hydroxydecenoic acid content of common royal jelly currently on the market is 1.7-2.2%, which means that the content of the active ingredient is remarkably high. It can be said. Similarly, a high content of 7.41 mg / 100 mg was measured for pantothenic acid, which was also recognized as having physiological activity.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the method for producing royal jelly according to the present invention significantly increases the active ingredient content of royal jelly, and is useful for preventing a decrease in quality.From the royal jelly produced using this method, high physiological activity is obtained. can get.
【００１９】
またここでは、移虫に２日齢の幼虫を用いるローヤルゼリー製造方法を示す。幼虫は非常に小さく柔弱なので、傷つけないように王台へ移す作業では、日齢が幼いほど扱いが困難であるが、これにより幼虫による食害や、排泄物など夾雑物の混入が低減されるため、ローヤルゼリーの品質を向上させることができる。[0019]
Here, a method for producing royal jelly using 2-day-old larvae for transfer is shown. Since the larvae are very small and fragile, it is difficult to handle the larvae as they move to the royal platform so that they do not hurt. , The quality of royal jelly can be improved.
【００２０】
更に、請求項２には、精製された直後のローヤルゼリーを０〜４℃の温度条件の暗所で保存することを更に含むローヤルゼリー製造方法を示す。ローヤルゼリーは８℃以上の温度条件下では成分の分解や変質が急速に進み、また紫外線の照射によっても品質が劣化する。一方、氷点下で凍結保存を行うと、その後解凍と再凍結を繰り返す事により成分の分解を招き、また１０−ヒドロキシデセン酸は解凍後も融解しなくなる性質があるため、生理活性物質として利用しにくい形態となる。このため、保存期間が４週間以内程度であれば、氷点以上の低温で紫外線を避けての冷蔵保存が活性維持のために最も有効である。[0020]
Further, claim 2 shows a method for producing royal jelly further comprising storing the royal jelly immediately after purification in a dark place at a temperature of 0 to 4 ° C. The royal jelly is rapidly decomposed and deteriorated under a temperature condition of 8 ° C. or more, and its quality is deteriorated by irradiation with ultraviolet rays. On the other hand, when the cryopreservation is performed at a temperature below the freezing point, the components are decomposed by repeating thawing and re-freezing thereafter, and since 10-hydroxydecenoic acid has a property of not being thawed even after thawing, it is difficult to use as a physiologically active substance. Form. Therefore, if the storage period is about 4 weeks or less, refrigerated storage at a low temperature above freezing and avoiding ultraviolet rays is most effective for maintaining the activity.
【００２１】
更に請求項３には、精製したローヤルゼリーを、２±０．５℃の温度条件で保存することを更に含むローヤルゼリー製造方法を示す。請求項２で示した温度条件の中でも、特に２℃前後での保存により、ローヤルゼリーの生理活性を安定して保持することが可能になる。[0021]
Claim 3 shows a method for producing royal jelly, which further comprises storing the purified royal jelly at a temperature of 2 ± 0.5 ° C. Among the temperature conditions described in claim 2 , storage at about 2 ° C. in particular makes it possible to stably maintain the physiological activity of royal jelly.
【００２２】
更に請求項４には、本発明にかかるローヤルゼリー製造は、ローヤルゼリー採乳のための養蜂を、充分大きく均質な蜜源が得られ、またミツバチ以外の昆虫やダニ等の害虫、病原菌、農薬、塵埃の飛散等の汚染を回避できる隔離地で行うことを特徴とするローヤルゼリー製造方法を示す。ローヤルゼリーの採乳は、菜の花、ニセアカシア、レンゲ、ソバ、等々のいろいろな蜜源を利用して行うことができるが、充分な量の均質な蜜と花粉を供給できる蜜源で養蜂を行うことにより、ミツバチに充分で良質な餌が均質に供給され、ミツバチから分泌されるローヤルゼリーの品質向上と安定が図られる。また、病原菌や薬剤、塵埃による汚染を回避できる場所としては、例えば人通りが少なく空気が清浄な高山地帯などが考えられる。このような環境で養蜂を行うことにより、蜂群へのストレスが低減され、安定した供給と品質のローヤルゼリーの採取が可能となる。[0022]
Further, according to claim 4 , the royal jelly production according to the present invention provides a beekeeping for royal jelly milking, a sufficiently large and uniform honey source can be obtained, and insects other than honeybees, insect pests such as mites, pathogens, pesticides, and dust. A method for producing royal jelly, which is performed in an isolated place where contamination such as scattering can be avoided, will be described. The royal jelly can be milked using various honey sources such as rapeseed, locust, vetch, buckwheat, etc. As a result, the quality of royal jelly secreted by honeybees is improved and stable. In addition, as a place where contamination by pathogenic bacteria, chemicals, and dust can be avoided, for example, an alpine area with little traffic and clean air can be considered. By performing beekeeping in such an environment, stress on the bee colony is reduced, and royal jelly with stable supply and quality can be collected.
【００２３】
更に請求項５には、請求項１に示す工程に用いられる器具が、金属以外の竹・木材、樹脂等の素材でできているか、あるいは金属製であってもテフロン（登録商標）や琺瑯による被膜を施されている事を特徴とする、ローヤルゼリー製造方法を示す。金属との接触はローヤルゼリーの成分に化学変化を引き起こすため、採乳、精製、攪拌などに用いる容器、へら、精製装置などの表面での金属の露出を避けることにより、ローヤルゼリーの変質を予防する。[0023]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the device used in the step of the first aspect is made of a material other than metal, such as bamboo, wood, resin, or even if it is made of metal, it is made of Teflon (registered trademark) or enamel. 1 shows a method for producing royal jelly, which is characterized by being coated. Since contact with metal causes a chemical change in the components of the royal jelly, deterioration of the royal jelly is prevented by avoiding exposure of the metal to the surface of a container used for milk collection, purification, stirring, a spatula, a purification device, and the like.
【００２４】
更に請求項６には、上記に示す請求項１〜５に記載の方法によって製造された、ローヤルゼリーを開示する。[0024]
Further, claim 6 discloses a royal jelly produced by the method according to claims 1 to 5 described above.
【００２５】
更に請求項７には、活性成分である１０−ヒドロキシデセン酸の含有量が、生ローヤルゼリー中で２．５％以上であるローヤルゼリーを開示する。上記のような改良を施したローヤルゼリー製造方法は、このような生理活性成分含有量の高いローヤルゼリーの製造を可能にする。[0025]
Further, claim 7 discloses a royal jelly in which the content of 10-hydroxydecenoic acid as an active ingredient is 2.5% or more in raw royal jelly . The royal jelly production method improved as described above enables production of royal jelly having a high content of such a physiologically active ingredient.
【００２５】
上記のような改良を施したローヤルゼリー製造方法は、生理活性成分である１０−ヒドロキシデセン酸の含有量が、生ローヤルゼリー中で２．５％以上であるローヤルゼリーの製造を可能にする。[0025]
The method for producing royal jelly improved as described above enables the production of royal jelly in which the content of 10-hydroxydecenoic acid, which is a physiologically active ingredient, is 2.5% or more in raw royal jelly .
Claims (8)
（ａ）女王蜂を隔離した巣箱に王台を設置し、そこへ幼虫を移虫する工程。
（ｂ）移虫された王台のある巣箱を適当な蜜源に設置し、働き蜂にローヤルゼリーを分泌させる工程。
（ｃ）移虫から４８〜５０時間後に、王台に分泌されたローヤルゼリーを採乳する工程。
（ｄ）ローヤルゼリー中に混入している夾雑物を、採乳後速やかに分離除去する精製工程。A method for producing royal jelly, comprising performing the following steps.
(A) A step of setting a royal stand in a nest box where a queen bee is isolated and transferring larvae there.
(B) A step of placing a nesting box with a transferred nest on an appropriate honey source to cause worker bees to secrete royal jelly.
(C) a step of milking royal jelly secreted by the royal platform 48 to 50 hours after the transfer.
(D) a purification step of immediately separating and removing contaminants mixed in the royal jelly after milk collection.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002180554A JP2004016207A (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2002-06-20 | Method for producing royal jelly and the royal jelly |
| CNB02127438XA CN1279837C (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2002-08-01 | Royal jelly preparation method and royal jelly |
| TW092115992A TWI233781B (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2003-06-12 | Process for producing royal jelly and royal jelly |
| PCT/JP2003/007664 WO2004000013A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2003-06-17 | Process for producing royal jelly and royal jelly |
| AU2003244131A AU2003244131A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2003-06-17 | Process for producing royal jelly and royal jelly |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002180554A JP2004016207A (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2002-06-20 | Method for producing royal jelly and the royal jelly |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2004016207A true JP2004016207A (en) | 2004-01-22 |
Family
ID=29774074
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002180554A Pending JP2004016207A (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2002-06-20 | Method for producing royal jelly and the royal jelly |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2004016207A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1279837C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003244131A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI233781B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004000013A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008263792A (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2008-11-06 | Kikuji Yamaguchi | Royal jelly producing method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106857317A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-06-20 | 四川健生堂农业开发有限公司 | A kind of production technology of high-quality queen bee slurry |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5034969A (en) * | 1973-07-30 | 1975-04-03 | ||
| JPH0214381Y2 (en) * | 1985-08-14 | 1990-04-19 | ||
| JP3911349B2 (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2007-05-09 | 株式会社セラリカ野田 | Royal jelly and its collection and storage methods |
-
2002
- 2002-06-20 JP JP2002180554A patent/JP2004016207A/en active Pending
- 2002-08-01 CN CNB02127438XA patent/CN1279837C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-06-12 TW TW092115992A patent/TWI233781B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-17 WO PCT/JP2003/007664 patent/WO2004000013A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-06-17 AU AU2003244131A patent/AU2003244131A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008263792A (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2008-11-06 | Kikuji Yamaguchi | Royal jelly producing method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004000013A1 (en) | 2003-12-31 |
| AU2003244131A1 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
| TW200400797A (en) | 2004-01-16 |
| TWI233781B (en) | 2005-06-11 |
| CN1279837C (en) | 2006-10-18 |
| CN1465274A (en) | 2004-01-07 |
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