RU2380900C1 - Method for year-round usage of bee families - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for year-round usage of bee families includes summary set of summer and winter period stage. Operations of winter period includes the following operations: preparation for keeping in hothouse, pollination of hothouse crops in winter period, feeding with liquid carbohydrate fodder and protein fodder, watering with fresh and salted water, additional nutrition with stimulating additives, stimulating operations of constant ozonisation of sugar syrup till concentration of 0.09…0.11 mg/l in process of bees feeding in winter period under conditions of protected ground. Preparation for summer period includes the following operations: constant ozonisation of drinking water till concentration of 0.08…0.09 mg/l in process of preparation for summer season at apiary, feeding of bees with honey and protein fodder, additional nutrition with stimulating additives, watering with fresh and salted water at apiary, collection of honey in warm period under natural conditions, preparation of family for winter stay.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of method.

Description

A known method of seasonal use of bee colonies for pollination of greenhouse crops, comprising the steps of: acquiring new bee colonies; preparing them for maintenance in greenhouses; pollination of greenhouse crops in winter in a protected ground, including bee servicing operations: feeding with sugar syrup and protein feed, drinking fresh and salted water, feeding with stimulating biologically active additives; disposal after use (Zaretsky NN Use of bees in greenhouses. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1985).

The disadvantage of this method is that when pollinating greenhouse crops in winter in a protected ground, nectar taken by bees from flowers contains 15 ... 20 times more microorganisms (including pathogens) than in open ground. Such food, once in the digestive system of bees and larvae, contributes to their rapid infection and premature death. Bees in protected ground live on average 20 ... 21 days, which is two times less than under normal conditions. At the end of the pollination season, bee colonies weaken, their flight activity decreases. Diseases of nosematosis and ascospherosis are epidemic. Therefore, bee families utilize (Giniyatullin MG, Ishemgulov A.M. Complex use of bee families. - Ufa. 2001).

All this significantly increases the cost of growing greenhouse crops and reduces the economic profit of beekeeping as an industry.

A known method for the seasonal use of bee colonies to collect honey in natural conditions, comprising the steps of: wintering bees in winter houses; preparation for the summer season, including operations for servicing bees: feeding with honey to get the maximum amount of brood, feeding with protein feed, feeding with stimulating biologically active additives, drinking with fresh and salted water; collecting honey in the warm season in vivo; preparing families for wintering (Kovalev A.M., Nuzhdin A.S., Poltev V.I. et al. Beekeeper textbook. - M.: Kolos, 1973).

The disadvantage of this method is that bee colonies are not used for a longer time of the year (about 6 ... 7 months) and are in the wintering period in special rooms - winter houses, consuming a large amount of feed to maintain vitality. This increases the cost of honey production and reduces the economic profit from its sale.

A known method of year-round use of part of the bees (prototype), containing a total set of stages of the winter and summer period: wintering of bees; preparing them for maintenance in greenhouses; pollination of greenhouse crops in the winter in a protected ground; bee servicing operations: feeding with liquid carbohydrate and protein foods, drinking fresh and salted water in the hive, and feeding with stimulating biologically active additives; preparations for the summer season, including bee servicing operations: feeding with honey to get the maximum amount of brood, feeding with protein feed, feeding with stimulating biologically active additives, drinking fresh and salted water in the apiary; collecting honey in the warm season in vivo; preparing families for wintering (Zaretsky NN Use of bees in greenhouses. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1985).

However, elevated temperatures (22-27 ° C) and humidity (95 ... 100%) in greenhouses contribute to the accumulation of pathogens in the environment and the bee colony. When polluting greenhouse crops in winter in a protected ground, nectar taken by bees from flowers contains 15 ... 20 times more microorganisms (including pathogens for bees) than in open ground. Such food, once in the digestive tract of bees and larvae, contributes to their rapid infection and premature death. Bees in protected ground live on average 20 ... 21 days, which is two times less than under normal conditions. At the end of the pollination season, bee colonies weaken, their flight activity decreases. Diseases of nosematosis and ascospherosis are often epidemic, therefore, at the end of the pollination season, weakened bee colonies are disbanded, and the other part is used for summer honey collection. Sick bees are disposed of, and healthy bees are placed in natural conditions in apiaries. However, all this increases the risk of an epidemic in the apiary, since even healthy bees taken from uninfected families can potentially be carriers of diseases for families kept in the apiary. At the same time, not all families accept reinforcement by greenhouse bees, therefore, battles often take place in the hives, where both the "owners" and the "aliens" die. Most often, infection of bees from other families occurs through a common source of water consumption, which is used by all bees in the apiary. In addition, weakened bee families from greenhouses collect 1.5 ... 2 times less honey in the warm period in natural conditions than bees kept constantly in the natural habitat of the apiary.

All this increases the cost of growing greenhouse crops and reduces economic profits due to the lack of honey in apiaries.

A known method of preparing carbohydrate feed for bees and bumblebees, including ozonation of carbohydrate feed with ozone concentration of 0.15 ... 0.30 mg / L. This method allows to increase the shelf life of liquid carbohydrate feed due to the destruction of yeast cultures in it and thereby increase the efficiency of its use (Patent for the invention No. 2238136. Method for the preparation of carbohydrate feed for bees and bumblebees. / Tsikolenko SP., Gordievsky ML, Gubaeva L.A. - 2007103445/13, Declared January 29, 2007, publ. BI No. 19, 2008).

However, ozonized sugar syrup, after the decomposition of ozone into oxygen, loses its bactericidal properties and does not affect the pathogenic microflora of the digestive system of bees. The operation of constant ozonation of sugar syrup directly when feeding bees in an apiary is not known.

A known method of treating drinking water with ozone. At the same time, water is clarified and all microflora perishes in it. After this treatment, containers of drinking water are sent to consumers (Lunin V.V., Popovich MP, Tkachenko S.N. Physical chemistry of ozone. - M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 1998).

However, after exposure, ozonated water loses its bactericidal properties and, when used in an apiary, becomes infected again. The operation of constant ozonation of drinking water directly when drinking bees in an apiary is not known.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of use of bee colonies by preventing their infection with infectious diseases and stimulating the growth of the quantity and quality of brood during the year-round use of the same families on pollination of greenhouse crops in winter and when using bees in natural conditions.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the method of the year-round process of using bee colonies containing a total set of stages of the winter and summer period: preparing the bees for maintenance in greenhouses; pollination of greenhouse crops in the winter in a protected ground; bee maintenance operations: feeding with liquid carbohydrate and protein feed, drinking with fresh and salted water, feeding with stimulating biologically active additives; preparation for the summer season, including bee servicing operations: feeding with honey and protein feed, feeding with stimulating biologically active additives, drinking fresh and salted water in the apiary; the collection of honey in the warm season in vivo; preparing families for wintering, in contrast to the prototype, contains a consistent set of treatment-stimulating operations: continuous ozonation of liquid carbohydrate feed with an ozone concentration of 0.09 ... 0.11 mg / l when feeding bees in the pollination stage of greenhouse crops in winter under protected soil and continuous ozonation of drinking water with an ozone concentration of 0.08 ... 0.09 mg / l in it when bees are watered in an apiary during the preparation of families for the summer season in natural conditions.

The constant ozonation of liquid carbohydrate feed at the stage of pollination of greenhouse crops by bees in the winter in a protected ground contributes to the destruction of pathogenic microflora in the bees' organism, which comes with nectar during the pollination of plant flowers into the digestive system of bees, which reduces the likelihood of infection of bees and increases their lifespan . Bees are more active, and this creates the conditions for a significant increase in yield in greenhouses. Such bee colonies develop on their own, do not require disbandment and can be used on summer honey gathering, however they are weaker than the families kept in natural conditions and are carriers of nosematosis and ascospherosis. Therefore, the subsequent technological operation - the constant ozonation of drinking water at the stage of preparation of bees for the summer season prevents infection of all families in the apiary through a common source of water consumption in the apiary. The constant ozonation of drinking water for bees destroys the existing pathogenic microflora in the bees' organism, which is not restored under the natural conditions of keeping bees. In addition, a constant concentration of ozone in the water in the range of 0.08 ... 0.09 mg / l is optimal for enhancing the metabolic processes in the body of bees, which stimulates the work of their pharyngeal glands, producing royal jelly for feeding an open brood. The egg production of the uterus increases (on average by 30-40%). All this contributes to an increase in the number of brood and increase its quality (the mass of larvae increases by 17 ... 19%). Therefore, bee colonies from greenhouses quickly regain their numbers, which means they collect the same amount of honey during the summer period as bee colonies that were in the winter for 6 ... 7 months.

According to the information available to the authors, this is a consistent combination of therapeutic and stimulating operations for servicing bees with constant ozonation of liquid carbohydrate feed to a concentration of 0.09 ... 0.11 mg / l when feeding bees at the stage of pollination of greenhouse crops in winter in a protected ground with constant ozonation drinking water for bees to a concentration of 0.08 ... 0.09 mg / l in the apiary, during the preparation of families for the summer season in vivo, giving a new technological effect of preventing infection by an infectious disease mi and stimulating the growth of the quantity and quality of brood during the year-round use of the same families on pollination of greenhouse crops in the winter and the collection of honey in the warm period under natural conditions, are not known from the level of science and technology. This allows us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The method of the year-round process of using bee colonies is implemented as follows.

After collecting honey in a warm period of time in natural conditions, bee colonies are prepared for keeping in greenhouses. With the beginning of flowering of greenhouse crops, bee colonies use them for pollination in winter in the conditions of protected ground. At this stage of the process, the following bee servicing operations are performed: constant ozonation of liquid carbohydrate feed to a concentration of 0.09 ... 0.11 mg / l, feeding of bees with ozonized liquid carbohydrate and protein feed, drinking fresh and salted water, feeding with stimulating biologically active additives.

Ozonated liquid carbohydrate feed at the stage of pollination of greenhouse crops in the winter in a protected ground, falling into the digestive system of bees, destroys the pathogenic microflora collected by bees along with nectar during the pollination of plant flowers. Low constant concentration of ozone in the range of 0.09 ... 0.11 mg / l does not affect the beneficial microflora in the digestive system of bees. At the same time, their body normally assimilates food, the flight activity of insects increases by more than 30%, the degree of pollination of greenhouse plants increases, which creates conditions for a significant increase in yield. A decrease in the number of pathogens contributes to an increase in the life expectancy of bees in the greenhouse by 1.2 ... 1.5 times.

At a constant concentration of ozone in liquid carbohydrate feed less than 0.09 mg / l, the positive effect of ozone weakens, and at a higher value, bees visit the feeding chamber with ozonated liquid carbohydrate feed less often than usual. When the ozone concentration in the liquid carbohydrate feed is more than 0.11 mg / l, the death of individual individuals is noted.

Thus, bee colonies fed a constantly ozonated liquid carbohydrate feed with a concentration of 0.09 ... 0.11 mg / l can already be used in summer honey collection, however, they are weaker than families from wintering and are potential carriers of nosematosis and ascospherosis.

Therefore, at the stage of preparation of the bee family for the summer season, where bee families from greenhouses and winter roads are kept together, the operation of drinking water ozonation to a concentration of 0.08 ... 0.09 mg / l is introduced. Such continuous treatment of drinking water creates a bactericidal property in it, which prevents infection of families in the apiary through a common source of water consumption. Ozonated drinking water, falling into the digestive system of bees, destroys pathogenic microflora there.

In addition, a constant concentration of ozone in water of 0.08 ... 0.09 mg / l is optimal for enhancing the metabolic processes in the body of bees, which stimulates the work of the pharyngeal glands producing royal jelly for feeding an open brood. The egg production of the uterus increases (on average by 30-40%). All this contributes to an increase in the number of brood and increase its quality, while the mass of larvae increases by 17 ... 19%. Therefore, bee families from greenhouses quickly restore their numbers and reach the level of those families that were kept in natural conditions.

When the ozone concentration in the water is less than 0.08 mg / l, the positive effect of ozone weakens, and when the concentration is more than 0.09 mg / l, the bees visit the watering hole less often than usual.

Thus, a sequential combination of two operations in the technological process of year-round use of bee colonies - constant ozonation of liquid carbohydrate feed when feeding bees with ozone concentration parameters of 0.09 ... 0.11 mg / l in winter at the stage of pollination of greenhouse crops under protected soil and constant water ozonation with ozone concentration parameters of 0.08 ... 0.09 mg / l when bees are watered during the preparation of families for the summer season in vivo gives the necessary treatment-stimulating effect and prevents infection of bees in the apiary.

Claims (1)

A method for year-round use of bee families, containing a total set of stages of the winter and summer period: preparing bees for keeping in greenhouses; pollination of greenhouse crops in the winter in a protected ground; bee servicing operations: feeding with liquid carbohydrate and protein foods, drinking with fresh and salted water, feeding with stimulating biologically active additives; preparation for the summer season, including bee servicing operations: feeding with honey and protein feed, feeding with stimulating biologically active additives, drinking fresh and salted water in the apiary; the collection of honey in the warm season in vivo; preparing families for wintering, characterized in that it contains a consistent set of treatment-stimulating operations: constant ozonation of liquid carbohydrate feed to a concentration of 0.09 ... 0.11 mg / l when feeding bees in the pollination stage of greenhouse crops in the winter in a protected ground and continuous ozonation of drinking water to a concentration of 0.08 ... 0.09 mg / l when bees are watered in an apiary during the preparation of families for the summer season in natural conditions.