JP2004011188A - Flame-retardant thermal insulating material for building and method for forming heat insulating layer for wooden building - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To hold environmental safety by absorbing and removing a harmful gas to the human body by utilizing a natural substance as it is. <P>SOLUTION: A flame-retardant thermal insulating material for a building is formed by mixing bark fragments containing a fibrous substance with bulky plant pieces impregnated with flame-retardant chemicals and having specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.5 and comprises the bark fragments of 50 to 90 wt. % in the case of 100 wt. % in total and has apparent specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.30. The bulky plant pieces are impregnated with the flame-retardant chemicals in 10 to 50 wt. %. The bulky plant pieces are manufactured of either one or both of woody pieces in a tree or caules in herbage. In a method for forming a heat insulating layer using the flame-retardant thermal insulating material, the heat insulating layer is formed by blowing in the thermal insulating material for the building to a space between the interiorly-finished board material 22 and an external facing material 23 for a wooden building 10, a space between an underfloor board 12 and a floor face or the upper section of a ceiling board 32. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings mainly filled or laid under walls, ceilings and floors of buildings such as wooden houses, and a method for forming a heat-insulating layer of a wooden building using the same. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a heat insulating material for wooden buildings, etc., inorganic heat insulating materials such as glass wool made of glass and rock wool made of rock, and organic heat insulating materials such as expanded polystyrene foam and urethane foam made of petroleum. It has been known. Glass wool and rock wool are excellent in productivity and heat insulation, but have insufficient moisture absorption and release properties, so that the desired heat insulation performance cannot be ensured, and there is a problem that they become nests of pests such as mites and chisel. In addition, petroleum-based organic materials such as polystyrene foam and urethane foam have a problem from the viewpoint of depletion of petroleum resources, and there is a problem in that the treatment is treated as industrial waste and costs are increased.
[0003]
In order to solve these problems, in recent years, in consideration of the influence on the human body, interest in using natural materials instead of using the above-mentioned inorganic heat insulating materials and organic heat insulating materials has been increasing. Specifically, for example, an insulation board in which wood fiber is formed in a plate shape, and a building material for heat insulation in which crushed bark such as cedar cypress is stored in a breathable storage container (JP-A-2001-49757).
However, although the above-mentioned insulation board is poor in flexibility and hard to deform, it is suitable for use as a tatami floor or as a heat insulator, but in the wall structure of a normal building, there is a dimensional error in the spacing between columns and studs. Because the above conventional insulation board is used as it is as a heat insulating material of a building, if the width of the board is larger than the distance between the pillars, the board cannot be inserted between the pillars, or the width of the board is smaller than the distance between the pillars. In some cases, a gap may be formed between the board and the column, and it is necessary to perform a repair such as cutting off the peripheral edge of the board or pushing a resin foam into the gap.
[0004]
On the other hand, the building material for heat insulation disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-49757, in which crushed bark of cedar or cypress is stored in a breathable storage container, is flexible and deformable. It can be easily installed between the studs in the wall structure of an object, and can be expected to be laid relatively easily on the ceiling plate in the case of a ceiling structure. In addition, cedar and cypress bark fragments are divided into a number of small rooms containing air when viewed microscopically. Due to their cell structure, convection of air is prevented, and heat conduction and heat radiation are also prevented. Therefore, in addition to exhibiting high heat insulating properties, it also exhibits excellent effects in terms of moisture absorption and desorption due to the above-described structure.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the building materials disclosed in JP-A-2001-49757 described above contain only bark crushed pieces in a breathable storage container, the apparent specific gravity is a relatively high value of 0.1 to 0.3. When used for a ceiling structure, there was a problem that the building material could not be laid thickly. In addition, in this building material, since the ground bark is deformed by moving in the air-permeable storage container, a gap is easily generated between the stud in the wall structure using this building material and the heat insulating material, and the ceiling structure In the case, unevenness is generated by the ceiling edge where the ceiling plate is struck, and when laying on the unevenness, it is easy to create a gap at the joint between the building materials, and it is necessary to devise such as laying double, and the weight of the building material There is a problem that the ceiling board is bent.
[0006]
Further, although the bark has a feature of absorbing and fixing harmful gases such as formaldehyde gas and ammonia gas, in the building materials disclosed in JP-A-2001-49757, the bark is impregnated with a flame-retardant chemical. In this case, there is a problem that the intrinsic ability of absorbing and fixing the harmful gas of the bark is reduced.
Furthermore, when the main raw material is only crushed bark, the gap between them is small, the apparent specific gravity of the building material in which the crushed bark is stored in the breathable storage container is relatively high, and the thermal conductivity indicating the performance as a heat insulating material is It has a correlation with the apparent specific gravity. When the apparent specific gravity increases, the thermal conductivity also increases, and a heat insulating material having a low thermal conductivity cannot be obtained.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to use a flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings capable of maintaining environmental safety by utilizing natural products as much as possible and absorbing and removing harmful gases to the human body, and using the same. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a flame-retardant heat-insulating material for a building which is relatively lightweight and can be used for a ceiling structure, and a method for forming a heat-insulating layer of a wooden building using the same.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings having a relatively high heat-insulating effect and a method for forming a heat-insulating layer of a wooden building using the same.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 is formed by mixing a bark strip containing a fibrous material with a bulky plant piece having a specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.5 impregnated with a flame retardant, and forming a bark strip. It is a flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings containing 50 to 90% by weight of bark strips and an apparent specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.30 when the total amount of the bulky plant pieces is 100% by weight.
In the conventional building material, since the ground bark is used as a main raw material, the conventional building material has a relatively large apparent specific gravity, while the flame-retardant heat-insulating material for a building according to claim 1 described above. Since the bulky plant pieces are mixed with the bark strips, the apparent specific gravity can be reduced, and it can be used relatively thickly as a heat insulating material in the ceiling structure. Further, since the apparent specific gravity is smaller than that of a conventional building material composed of only crushed bark, the heat insulating property can be improved.
In addition, the flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings according to claim 1 uses a natural plant or bark, so that harmful substances contaminate the room and cause sick house syndrome which causes allergic disorders such as atopic disease. The effect of absorbing malodors such as formaldehyde and ammonia in the room and decomposing them to maintain the odor absorbing effect is recognized.
[0009]
The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the bark strip is a flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings formed by being selected from the group consisting of conifers and hardwoods.
The bark strips comprising the group described in claim 2 are inherently flame retardant, and the bulky plant pieces mixed with the bark strips are impregnated with a flame retardant agent, so that the flame retardant properties are obtained. Having. Therefore, the heat insulating material according to claim 2 also has flame retardancy as a whole, and can be used as a wood-based heat insulating material in the vicinity of a heat source that requires flame retardancy.
[0010]
The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bulky plant pieces are impregnated with 10 to 50% by weight of a flame retardant when the bulky plant pieces are 100% by weight. It is a flame-retardant insulation material for goods.
In the flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings according to the third aspect, the flame-retardant property of the bulky piece can be ensured. If the amount of the agent is less than 10% by weight, the flame retardancy required for the bulky plant pieces is not ensured, and if it exceeds 50% by weight, the moisture absorption / desorption properties and the heat insulating properties inherent to the bulky plant pieces deteriorate. Further, it is more preferable to impregnate the bulky plant pieces with 10 to 30% by weight of the flame retardant.
[0011]
The invention according to claim 4 is a flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings, in which a bulky plant piece is made of one or both of a woody piece of a tree and a stem piece of a herbaceous plant.
In the flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings described in claim 4, since the woody piece or the stem piece is used as the bulky piece, the flame-retardant property is ensured by impregnating the flame-retardant agent. can do.
[0012]
The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to claim 4, wherein the wooden piece is made of one or both of a wood chip and a wood fiber formed by being selected from the group consisting of cedar, hiba and cypress. It is a flame-retardant insulation material for goods.
There are countless temporary conduits in the wood of cedar, hiba and cypress, and the inside of this cell wall is hollow, and the cell tissue is a room containing air. Therefore, in the flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings according to claim 5, by using the wood chips and wood fibers formed from these as bulky plant pieces, the radiant heat is small, and the moisture absorption and desorption properties are good, It is possible to obtain a flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings that exhibits higher heat insulating properties.
In addition, cedar and hiba contain a large amount of terpenes and sesquiterpenes, and give wood incense as a component of wood scent and play an important role in carbon fixation. Thus, the fire-resistant and heat-insulating material for buildings according to claim 5, wherein the wood chips and wood fibers composed of these are made into bulky plant pieces, also has a deodorizing action, an anti-mite action, an insecticidal action, an anti-fungal and antibacterial action. Let it.
[0013]
The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to claim 5, wherein the wood chip has an average thickness of 50 μm to 3 mm and an average area of 10 to 150 mm ² , and the wood fiber has an average diameter of 10 to 30 μm. It is a flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings having an average length of 50 μm to 50 mm.
According to the flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings described in claim 6, it is possible to effectively obtain a fire-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings having an apparent specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.3.
The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the stem pieces are made of one or both of stem chips and stem fibers obtained by crushing herbaceous stems. It is a flame-retardant insulation material for goods.
The stem cells of herbaceous plants are hollow, and in the flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings according to claim 7, the stem chips and stem fibers formed therefrom are used as bulky plant pieces. Thereby, a flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings exhibiting particularly high heat-insulating properties can be obtained.
[0014]
The invention according to claim 8 is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the space between the interior plate material 22 and the exterior plate material 23 of the wooden building 10, the structure for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 7. This is a method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building, wherein the heat insulating layer 24 is formed by blowing and filling a flammable heat insulating material.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a flame retardant for a building according to any one of the first to seventh aspects is provided in a space between a floor plate 12 and a floor of a wooden building 10. A method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building, wherein the heat insulating layer 16 is formed by blowing and filling a conductive heat insulating material.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the invention according to claim 10 blows the flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 7 on the ceiling plate 32 of the wooden building 10. This is a method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building, wherein the heat insulating layer 33 has a thickness of 10 to 30 cm.
[0015]
According to the method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building according to the eighth to tenth aspects, the heat insulating layers 24, 16, 33 are injected by blowing the flame-retardant heat insulating material for a building according to any one of the first to fifth aspects. Is formed, the work process is also quick, and even in the portion having irregularities, the integral heat-insulating layers 24, 16, and 33 can be formed seamlessly, and the crushed bark and the like are stored in the breathable storage container. A gap such as a seam unlike the case where a conventional heat insulating building material is used is not generated.
In this specification, the term “wood” in the “wood chips” and the “wood fibers” refers to a wood portion existing inside the bark, that is, a wood portion formed of one or both of a heartwood and a sapwood in a tree. In addition, "wood chips" and "stem chips" and "wood fibers" and "stem fibers" refer to chips and fibrous materials obtained by crushing or crushing stems in woody parts or herbs. I do.
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings of the present invention is formed by mixing bark fragments containing fibrous materials and bulky plant fragments having a specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.5 impregnated with a flame-retardant agent. You. The bark flakes can be obtained from wood industry waste or construction waste, and effective use of resources is achieved by utilizing thinning, sawmilling, or industrial waste generated during its manufacture. Trees used as raw materials for bark strips include conifers such as cedar, hinoki, hiba, larch, and pine, and broadleaf trees such as chestnut, hippo, oak, shii, southern lumber (such as lauan), poplar, and willow. The bark of all these trees can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more barks. In particular, it is preferable to use a bark of a tree containing bast fiber (a fiber structure that develops outward from the cambium in the stem and includes phloem fibers). For example, the chemical composition of the inner bark and outer bark of cedar containing bast fiber is low in cellulose compared to the woody part, and rich in components containing a high ratio of carbon such as tannin, lignin, and suberin, so that deodorizing properties are improved. It is possible to obtain a flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings having the following.
[0017]
Examples of the flame retardant agent impregnated in the bulky plant pieces include antimony metal, phosphate ester, ammonium oxide, organic phosphorus / nitrogen-based polymer, chloride, and bromide. Then, in order to ensure the flame retardancy of the bulky plant piece, when the bulky plant piece is 100% by weight, it is preferable that the bulky plant piece is impregnated with 10 to 50% by weight of the flame retardant. Here, the bulky plant pieces can be used alone or in a mixture of both woody pieces of trees and stem pieces of herbs. The wood pieces and stem pieces can be obtained by crushing or crushing a wood part of a tree or a stem of a herbaceous plant which has been impregnated with a flame retardant in advance. Here, a chip crusher such as a ring flaker or a hammer mill is used for the crushing or crushing.
[0018]
The wood piece is preferably one or both of a wood chip and a wood fiber formed by being selected from the group consisting of cedar, hiba and cypress. The woody parts of cedar, hiba and cypress are available in large quantities, are excellent in antibacterial properties and deodorizing effects, and have incense that is superior to other trees. In the case of wood fibers, broken materials generated during the production of so-called conventional insulation boards may be crushed. Here, the wood chip preferably has an average thickness of 50 μm to 3 mm and an average area of 10 to 150 mm ² , and the wood fiber has an average diameter of 10 to 30 μm and an average length of 50 μm to 50 mm. Is preferred.
In addition, the herbs used as stem pieces include annual grasses and perennial grasses, and kenaf, herb, straw, and high stalks are used as annual grasses. It is preferable to use one or both of stem chips and stem fibers obtained by crushing the stems of such herbs as stem pieces. The stem chips or stem fibers are obtained by fibrillating the stems of herbs using a defibrator, a hammer mill, a ring flaker, or the like.
[0019]
And the flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings of the present invention, when the total of the above-mentioned bark fragments and bulky plant fragments is 100% by weight, is 50 to 90% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight. % By weight, and the apparent specific gravity is 0.05 to 0.30, preferably 0.05 to 0.15, more preferably 0.08 to 0.10. The reason for limiting the bark flakes to the range of 50 to 90% by weight is that if the bark flakes exceed 90% by weight, the apparent specific gravity increases, the heat insulation performance decreases, and the construction work becomes difficult. On the other hand, if the bark flakes are less than 50% by weight, the performance of absorbing and fixing harmful gases such as formaldehyde contained in the bark flakes is reduced, and the smoke emission during combustion is increased. The reason why the apparent specific gravity is limited to 0.05 to 0.30 is that if the specific gravity is less than 0.05, the predetermined flame retardancy cannot be obtained, and if the specific gravity exceeds 0.30, the heat insulating performance is reduced.
[0020]
Next, a method of forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building using the flame-retardant heat-insulating material for a building configured as described above will be described.
FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a general wooden building 10, and FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the floor cross section. The floor structure includes a joist 11, a lower floor plate 12 having a moisture-proof sheet attached to the lower side of the joist 11 formed on the upper surface, a floor base plywood 13 stretched above the joist 11, and a floor finishing material 14. The space between the underfloor board 12 and the floor surface, that is, the space between the underfloor board 12 and the underfloor plywood 13 is blown and filled with the above-described flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings, and the heat-insulating layer is provided. 16 are formed. Blow-filling of the heat-insulating material is performed when the underfloor plate 12 is attached to the underside of the joist 11, and the blow-in thickness is performed so as to be substantially uniform in the height direction of the joist 11. Thereafter, a floor base plywood 13 and a floor finishing material 14 are stretched above the joists 11, so that a space between the floor underplate 12 and the floor surface is filled with the above-described flame-retardant heat-insulating material for a building and filled therein. 16 are formed.
[0021]
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a wall cross section of the general wooden building 10 in FIG. This wall structure includes an interior plate 22 extending on the indoor side of the stud 21 in the wooden building, and an exterior plate 23 extending on the outdoor side of the stud 21, and a space between the interior plate 22 and the exterior plate 23. The heat-insulating layer 24 is formed by blowing and filling the above-mentioned flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings. The blowing and filling of the heat insulating material is performed from the upper end opening of the gap between the interior plate 22 and the exterior plate 23 with the stud 21 being stretched. In this case, when the interior plate material 22 and the exterior plate material 23 are relatively high, the interior plate material 22 and the exterior plate material 23 are divided into two stages and three stages, and are struck onto the studs 21 from below, and the divided interior plate material 22 is It is preferable to blow the heat-insulating material each time the outer plate material 23 is struck against the stud 21. In the wall structure shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of wooden rods 26 are struck in parallel with each other in the vertical direction at predetermined intervals in the width direction on the exterior plate member 23, and an outer wall finishing material 27 is struck to the plurality of wooden rods 26. A ventilation layer is formed between the exterior plate material 23 and the outer wall finishing material 27.
[0022]
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the ceiling of the general wooden building 10 in FIG. This ceiling structure is configured by hitting a ceiling plate 32 below the ceiling edge 31 assembled in the general wooden building 10, and after the ceiling plate 32 has been attached to the ceiling edge 31, the ceiling plate 32 The above-mentioned flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings is blown into the heat-insulating layer 33 having a thickness of 10 to 30 cm.
In such a method of forming the heat insulating layers 16, 24, and 33, since the flame-retardant heat-insulating material is directly packed into the gaps of the floor and the wall of the wooden building 10, there is no gap that lowers the heat insulating performance. Also, the insulation material to be blow-filled is a mixture of a bulky plant piece treated with a flame retardant and a bark strip that originally has flame retardancy, so that it has inherent flame retardancy, It can also be used in lighting fixtures that become heat sources and around kitchens.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings of the present invention, bark fragments are mixed with a bulky plant piece having a specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.5 impregnated with a flame-retardant agent. As a result, the apparent specific gravity can be reduced to 0.05 to 0.30, and the heat insulating property can be improved as compared with a heat insulating material consisting only of ground bark. On the other hand, the bulky plant pieces that are mixed with the inherently flame-retardant bark strips are impregnated with the flame-retardant agent, so that it is possible to obtain a flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings having flame retardancy as a whole. . Here, if the bulky plant pieces are impregnated with a flame retardant at 10 to 50% by weight, the flame retardancy can be reliably ensured, and the bulky plant pieces can be either woody pieces of trees or stem pieces of herbs. If it is made from one or both, it becomes possible to effectively obtain a flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings having an apparent specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.30.
[0024]
Further, in the method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building using the flame-retardant heat-insulating material for a building according to the present invention, the space between the interior plate material and the exterior plate material of the wooden building, and the space between the underfloor plate and the floor surface are provided. Or, by blowing a flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings onto the ceiling plate, the heat-insulating layer is formed. It can be formed and does not create gaps such as seams as in bagged insulation.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion A in FIG. 1 showing a floor structure of a wooden building.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 1 showing a wall structure of the wooden building.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion C in FIG. 1 showing a ceiling structure of a wooden building.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Wooden building 12 Under-floor board 22 Interior board material 23 Exterior board material 32 Ceiling board 16,24,33 Heat insulation layer

Claims (10)

A bark strip containing a fibrous material and a bulky plant strip having a specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.5 impregnated with a flame retardant are formed as a mixture, and a total of the bark strip and the bulky plant strip is formed. Is 100% by weight, the flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings contains 50 to 90% by weight of the bark flakes and an apparent specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.30. The flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings according to claim 1, wherein the bark strips are selected from the group consisting of conifers and hardwoods. The flame-retardant insulating material for a building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bulky plant pieces are impregnated with 10 to 50% by weight of the bulky plant pieces when the bulky plant pieces are 100% by weight. The flame-retardant heat-insulating material for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the bulky plant piece is made from one or both of a woody piece of a tree and a stem piece of a herbaceous plant. The flame-retardant heat-insulating material for a building according to claim 4, wherein the wood piece is made of one or both of a wood chip and a wood fiber formed by being selected from the group consisting of cedar, hiba and cypress. Wood chips average area average thickness of a 50μm~3mm is is 10 to 150 mm ^2, the wood fibers architectural average length average diameter a 10~30μm of claim 5 wherein the 50μm~50mm Flame-retardant insulation material for goods. The flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the stem pieces are made of one or both of stem chips and stem fibers obtained by crushing a herbaceous stem. The space between the interior board (22) and the exterior board (23) of the wooden building (10) is insulated by blowing and filling the flame-retardant heat-insulating material for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 7. A method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building, comprising forming a layer (24). A heat insulating layer (16) by blowing and filling the space between the under floor (12) and the floor of the wooden building (10) with the flame-retardant heat insulating material for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 7. A) forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building. The flame-retardant heat-insulating material for buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is blown on the ceiling plate (32) of the wooden building (10) to form a heat-insulating layer (33) having a thickness of 10 to 30 cm. A method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building, which is characterized by being formed.

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