JP3670623B2 - Flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings and method for forming heat insulating layer of wooden building using the same - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings mainly filled or laid under the wall, ceiling, or floor of a building such as a wooden house, and a method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building using the same. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a heat insulating material in wooden buildings, etc., inorganic heat insulating materials such as glass wool made from glass and rock wool made from rock, and organic heat insulating materials such as expanded polystyrene foam and urethane foam made from petroleum. It has been known. Glass wool and rock wool are excellent in productivity and heat insulation, but have insufficient moisture absorption and release properties, so that the expected heat insulation performance cannot be ensured, and there is a defect that becomes a nest of pests such as ticks and mites. In addition, petroleum-based organic materials such as polystyrene foam and urethane foam have a problem from the viewpoint of depletion of petroleum resources, and there is a problem that costs are increased because they are treated as industrial waste during the treatment.
[0003]
In order to solve these problems, in recent years, in consideration of the influence on the human body, there has been an increasing interest in the use of natural materials in place of the above-described use of inorganic heat insulating materials and organic heat insulating materials. Specifically, for example, an insulation board in which wood fibers are formed in a plate shape, and a heat insulating building material in which pulverized bark such as cedar firewood is stored in a breathable storage container are known (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-49757).
However, because the insulation board described above is inflexible and difficult to deform, it is suitable for use as a tatami floor or a heat insulating material. Therefore, if the conventional insulation board is used as it is as a heat insulating material for a building, if the width of the board is larger than between the columns, the board cannot be inserted between the columns, or the width of the board is smaller than between the columns. There is a case where a gap is generated between the board and the pillar, and it is necessary to cut off the peripheral edge of the board or to correct the resin foam into the gap.
[0004]
On the other hand, since the building material for heat insulation in which the crushed bark of cedar and straw shown in the above-mentioned JP-A-2001-49757 is stored in a breathable storage container is flexible and deformable, It can be easily installed between the studs in the wall structure of the object, and it can be expected to lay on the ceiling plate relatively easily if it is a ceiling structure. In addition, cedar and birch bark fragments are microscopically divided into a large number of small rooms containing air, which prevents air convection, and also prevents heat conduction and radiation. Therefore, in addition to exhibiting high heat insulation properties, it exhibits excellent effects in terms of moisture absorption and desorption properties due to the above-described structure.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the building material disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-49757 stores only bark fragments in a breathable storage container, the apparent specific gravity is a relatively high value of 0.1 to 0.3. When used for ceiling structures, there was a problem that the building materials could not be laid thick. Further, in this building material, since the crushed bark moves in the breathable storage container, it is deformed, so that a gap is easily formed between the stud in the wall structure using this building material and the heat insulating material, and the ceiling structure. In this case, unevenness is caused by the ceiling edge where the ceiling board is struck, and if it is laid on the unevenness, it is necessary to devise a method such as double laying to easily create a gap at the joint between the building materials. There is a problem that the ceiling board is bent.
[0006]
Although the bark has the feature of absorbing and fixing harmful gases such as formaldehyde gas and ammonia gas, in the building materials disclosed in JP 2001-49757 A, the bark is impregnated with a flame retardant agent. In some cases, the inherent ability to absorb and fix the harmful gases in the bark is reduced.
Furthermore, if the main raw material is only crushed bark, there are few gaps between them, the apparent specific gravity of the building material in which the crushed bark is stored in a breathable storage container is relatively high, and the thermal conductivity indicating the performance as a heat insulating material is There is a correlation with the apparent specific gravity. When the apparent specific gravity increases, the thermal conductivity also increases, and a heat insulating material with low thermal conductivity cannot be obtained.
[0007]
The object of the present invention is to use a natural product as it is as much as possible and absorb and remove harmful gases for the human body so as to maintain environmental safety and use a flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings. It is providing the formation method of the heat insulation layer of a wooden building.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings that is relatively lightweight and can be used for a ceiling structure, and a method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building using the same.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings having a relatively high heat insulating effect and a method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building using the same.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 is formed by mixing a bark strip containing a fibrous material and a bulky plant piece having a specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.5 impregnated with a flame retardant agent, It is a flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings containing 50 to 90% by weight of bark strips and an apparent specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.30 when the total amount of bulky plant pieces is 100% by weight.
In conventional building materials, pulverized bark is the main raw material, so conventional building materials have a relatively large apparent specific gravity, whereas in the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings described in claim 1, Since the bulky plant pieces are mixed with the bark pieces, the apparent specific gravity can be reduced, and it can be used relatively thick as a heat insulating material in the ceiling structure. Moreover, since the apparent specific gravity becomes small compared with the conventional building material which consists only of a crushed bark, the heat insulation can also be improved.
In addition, the flame-retardant thermal insulation material for buildings according to claim 1 uses sick plants and bark, so that harmful substances contaminate the room and cause sick house syndrome that causes allergic disorders such as atopy. The effect of absorbing malodor such as formaldehyde and ammonia in the room and decomposing them to maintain the malodor absorption action is recognized.
[0009]
The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the bark strip is a flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings formed by being selected from the group consisting of conifers or hardwoods.
The bark strip consisting of the group shown in claim 2 is inherently flame retardant, and the bulky plant piece mixed with the bark strip is impregnated with a flame retardant agent so that it is flame retardant. Have For this reason, the heat insulation material which concerns on this Claim 2 also has a flame retardance as a whole, and can be used as a wood type heat insulation material in the heat source vicinity which requires a flame retardance.
[0010]
The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the bulky plant piece is 100% by weight, the bulky plant piece is impregnated with 10 to 50% by weight of a flame retardant agent. It is a flame retardant insulation material.
In the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings described in claim 3, it is possible to ensure the flame retardancy of the bulky straight piece. If the amount of the chemical is less than 10% by weight, the flame retardancy required for the bulky plant piece is not ensured. More preferably, the bulky plant piece is impregnated with 10 to 30% by weight of a flame retardant agent.
[0011]
The invention which concerns on Claim 4 is a flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings in which the bulky plant piece was made from either or both of the wood piece in the tree and the stem piece in the herbaceous species.
In the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings described in claim 4, since the wooden piece or the stem piece is used as the bulky straight piece, the flame retardancy is surely ensured by impregnating the flame-retardant agent. can do.
[0012]
The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to claim 4, wherein the wooden piece is made of one or both of a wood chip and a wood fiber formed by being selected from the group consisting of cedar, hiba and cocoon. It is a flame retardant insulation material.
There are innumerable temporary conduits in the woody parts of cedar, hiba and oak, and the cell walls are hollow, and the cellular tissue is a room containing air. For this reason, in the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings described in claim 5, by using the wood chips and wood fibers formed therefrom as bulky plant pieces, there is little radiant heat, and good moisture absorption and desorption. Furthermore, the flame-retardant heat insulation material for buildings which exhibits high heat insulation can be obtained.
Cedar and hiba contain a large amount of terpenes and sesquiterpenes, giving wood incense as a scent component of wood and playing an important role in carbon fixation. Thereby, the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings according to claim 5 in which the wood chip and the wood fiber made of these are bulky plant pieces also produces a deodorizing action, an acaricide action, an insecticidal action, an antifungal action and an antibacterial action. Let
[0013]
The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to claim 5, wherein the wood chip has an average thickness of 50 μm to 3 mm and an average area of 10 to 150 mm ² , and the wood fiber has an average diameter of 10 to 30 μm. And it is a flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings having an average length of 50 μm to 50 mm.
In the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings described in claim 6, it is possible to effectively obtain the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings having an apparent specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.3.
The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the stem piece is made of either one or both of a stem chip and a stem fiber obtained by crushing a herbaceous stem. It is a flame retardant insulation material.
The herbaceous stem cells are hollow, and in the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings described in claim 7, stem chips and stem fibers formed therefrom are used as bulky plant pieces. Thereby, the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings which exhibits especially high heat insulation can be obtained.
[0014]
As for the invention which concerns on Claim 8, as shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, the difficulty for buildings described in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 7 in the space between the interior board material 22 and the exterior board | plate material 23 of the wooden building 10 is shown. A method for forming a heat insulation layer of a wooden building, wherein the heat insulation layer 24 is formed by blowing and filling a flammable heat insulation material.
The invention according to claim 9 is the flame retardant for building according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the space between the under floor plate 12 and the floor surface of the wooden building 10 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. It is a formation method of the heat insulation layer of the wooden building characterized by forming the heat insulation layer 16 by blowing and filling a heat-insulating material.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the invention according to claim 10 blows the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 7 on the ceiling plate 32 of the wooden building 10. It is a formation method of the heat insulation layer of the wooden building characterized by forming the heat insulation layer 33 with a penetration thickness of 10-30 cm.
[0015]
In the method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building according to claims 8 to 10, the heat insulating layers 24, 16, 33 are formed by blowing the flame retardant heat insulating material for buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 5. As a result, the work process is fast, and it is possible to form seamless heat-insulating layers 24, 16, and 33 that are seamless even in uneven portions, and the crushed bark and the like are stored in a breathable storage container. There is no gap such as a seam as in the case of using conventional heat insulating building materials.
In this specification, “wood” in “wood chip” and “wood fiber” refers to a wood part existing inside the bark, that is, a wood part composed of one or both of a heartwood and a sapwood in the tree. “Wood chips” and “stem chips” and “wood fibers” and “stem fibers” refer to chips and fibers obtained by crushing or crushing stems in woody parts or herbs. To do.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings of the present invention is formed by mixing bark strips containing fibrous materials and bulky plant pieces having a specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.5 impregnated with a flame-retardant agent. The The bark strips can be obtained from wood industry wastes and construction wastes, and the resources can be effectively used because they use thinning, lumbering, or industrial waste generated during the production. Trees used as raw material for bark strips include conifers such as cedar, cypress, hiba, larch, and pine, and broad-leaved trees such as chestnuts, hippopotamus, oak, shii, southern wood (such as lauan), poplar, willow The bark of all these trees can be used alone or in a mixture of two or more tree barks. In particular, it is preferable to use a bark of a tree containing bast fibers (a fiber structure that develops outward from the formation layer with stems and includes phloem fibers). For example, the chemical composition of cedar inner bark and outer bark containing bast fibers is less cellulose than the wood part and rich in components containing a high proportion of carbon such as tannin, lignin, and suberin, so it has a deodorizing property. It becomes possible to obtain the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings which has.
[0017]
Examples of the flame retardant agent impregnated in the bulky plant piece include metal antimony, phosphate ester, ammonium oxide, organic phosphorus / nitrogen polymer, chloride and bromide. And in order to ensure the flame retardance in a bulky plant piece, when a bulky plant piece shall be 100 weight%, it is preferable that a flame retardant chemical | medical agent is impregnated with 10-50 weight% in a bulky plant piece. Here, the bulky plant piece can be used either alone or in a mixture of woody pieces in trees or stem pieces in herbs. This wood piece and stem piece can be obtained by crushing or crushing a wood part in a tree impregnated with a flame-retardant agent in advance or a stem in a herbaceous plant. Here, for the crushing or crushing, a chip crusher such as a ring flaker or a hammer mill is used.
[0018]
It is preferable that the wooden piece is one or both of a wooden chip and a wooden fiber selected from the group consisting of cedar, hiba and cocoon. This is because the woody parts of cedar, hiba and oak are available in large quantities, are excellent in antibacterial properties and deodorizing effects, and wood incense is superior to other trees. In the case of a wood fiber, it may be a material obtained by pulverizing a broken material generated at the time of manufacturing a so-called conventional insulation board. Here, it is preferable that the wood chip has an average thickness of 50 μm to 3 mm and an average area of 10 to 150 mm ² , and the wood fiber has an average diameter of 10 to 30 μm and an average length of 50 μm to 50 mm. It is preferable.
Moreover, annual herbs and perennials are mentioned as herbs used as stem pieces, and stalks such as kenaf, herb, straw, and high nymph are used as annual grasses. It is preferable to use one or both of stem chips and stem fibers obtained by crushing such herbaceous stems as stem pieces. This stem chip or stem fiber can be obtained by defibrating a stem in herbs using a defibrator, a hammer mill, a ring flaker, or the like.
[0019]
And the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings of the present invention is 50 to 90% by weight, preferably 60 to 80%, when the total of the above-mentioned bark pieces and bulky plant pieces is 100% by weight. The apparent specific gravity is 0.05 to 0.30, preferably 0.05 to 0.15, and more preferably 0.08 to 0.10. The reason why the bark pieces are limited to the above-mentioned range of 50 to 90% by weight exceeds 90% by weight. On the other hand, when the bark pieces are less than 50% by weight, the ability to absorb and fix harmful gases such as formaldehyde of the bark pieces is lowered, and smoke generation during combustion is increased. Furthermore, the reason why the apparent specific gravity is limited to 0.05 to 0.30 is that if it is less than 0.05, the predetermined flame retardancy cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 0.30, the heat insulating performance is deteriorated.
[0020]
Next, the formation method of the heat insulation layer of the wooden building using the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings comprised in this way is demonstrated.
FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a general wooden building 10, and FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the floor cross section. The floor structure includes a joist 11, an underfloor board 12 on which a moisture-proof sheet attached to the lower side of the joist 11 is formed, an underfloor plywood 13 and a floor finishing material 14 stretched on the upper side of the joist 11. In the space between the under floor board 12 and the floor surface, that is, the space between the under floor board 12 and the floor base plywood 13, the above-mentioned flame retardant heat insulating material for buildings is blown and filled to form a heat insulating layer. 16 is formed. The heat-insulating material is blown and filled when the underfloor plate 12 is attached to the lower side of the joists 11, and the blowing thickness is made to be substantially uniform with the height direction of the joists 11. After that, the floor base plywood 13 and the floor finishing material 14 are stretched on the upper side of the joists 11, so that the above-described flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings is blown and filled into the space between the under floor board 12 and the floor surface. 16 is formed.
[0021]
FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the wall section of the general wooden building 10 in FIG. This wall structure includes an interior plate 22 stretched on the indoor side of the stud 21 in the wooden building, and an exterior plate 23 stretched on the outdoor side of the stud 21, in a space between the interior plate 22 and the exterior plate 23. The heat insulation layer 24 is formed by blowing and filling the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings described above. Insulating material is blown and filled from the upper end opening of the gap between the interior plate member 22 and the exterior plate member 23 in the state where the inter-column 21 is stretched. In this case, when the interior board material 22 and the exterior board material 23 are relatively high, the interior board material 22 and the exterior board material 23 are divided into two or three stages and are struck to the stud 21 from the lower side, and the divided interior board material 22 is divided. It is preferable that the heat insulating material be blown in each time the exterior plate member 23 is struck against the spacer 21. In the wall structure in FIG. 3, a plurality of wooden bars 26 are driven in the vertical direction in parallel to each other at a predetermined interval in the width direction on the exterior plate material 23, and an outer wall finishing material 27 is driven on the plurality of wooden bars 26. A ventilation layer is formed between the exterior plate member 23 and the outer wall finishing material 27.
[0022]
FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of the ceiling of the general wooden building 10 in FIG. This ceiling structure is configured by hitting a ceiling board 32 on the lower side of the ceiling edge 31 built in the general wooden building 10, and after the ceiling board 32 has been stretched on the ceiling edge 31, The above-described flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings is blown onto the heat insulating layer 33 having a thickness of 10 to 30 cm.
In such a method of forming the heat insulating layers 16, 24, and 33, since the flame-retardant heat insulating material is directly packed into the floor or wall gap of the wooden building 10, there is no gap that reduces the heat insulating performance. In addition, the heat-insulating material to be blown and filled is inherently flame retardant because it is a mixture of bulky plant pieces that have been treated with flame retardant chemicals and bark strips that are inherently flame retardant, It can also be used around lighting fixtures and kitchens as heat sources.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings of the present invention, a bark strip and a bulky plant fragment having a specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.5 impregnated with a flame-retardant agent are mixed. Therefore, the apparent specific gravity can be reduced to 0.05 to 0.30, and the heat insulating property can be improved as compared with a heat insulating material made only of crushed bark. On the other hand, a bulky plant piece that is inherently mixed with a flame-retardant bark piece is impregnated with a flame-retardant agent, so that it is possible to obtain a flame-retardant insulation material for buildings that has flame resistance as a whole. . Here, if the bulky plant piece is impregnated with 10 to 50% by weight of a flame retardant agent, the flame retardancy can be reliably ensured, and the bulky plant piece is either a wood piece in a tree or a stem piece in a herbaceous plant. If it is made from either or both, it becomes possible to effectively obtain a flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings having an apparent specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.30.
[0024]
Further, in the method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building using the flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings of the present invention, a space between the interior board material and the exterior board material of the wooden building, a space between the under floor board and the floor surface. Or, because the heat insulation layer is formed by blowing a flame retardant insulation material for buildings on the ceiling board, the work process is also fast, and an integral heat insulation layer that is seamless even if it has uneven parts It can be formed and does not cause gaps such as seams like bag insulation.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part A in FIG. 1 showing a floor structure of a wooden building.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 1 showing the wall structure of the wooden building.
4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion C in FIG. 1 showing a ceiling structure of a wooden building.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Wooden building 12 Underfloor board 22 Interior board material 23 Exterior board material 32 Ceiling board 16,24,33 Thermal insulation layer

Claims (10)

A bark strip containing a fibrous material and a bulky plant piece having a specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.5 impregnated with a flame retardant agent are mixed and formed, and the total of the bark strip and the bulky plant piece A flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings which contains 50 to 90% by weight of the bark strips and has an apparent specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.30 when the content is 100% by weight. The flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings according to claim 1, wherein the bark pieces are selected from the group consisting of coniferous trees and hardwoods. The flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bulky plant piece is impregnated with 10 to 50% by weight of a flame-retardant agent when the bulky plant piece is 100% by weight. The flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the bulky plant piece is made from one or both of a woody piece in a tree and a stem piece in a herbaceous plant. The flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings according to claim 4, wherein the wooden piece is composed of one or both of a wood chip and a wood fiber formed by being selected from the group consisting of cedar, hiba and straw. 6. The building according to claim 5, wherein the wood chip has an average thickness of 50 μm to 3 mm and an average area of 10 to 150 mm ² , and the wood fiber has an average diameter of 10 to 30 μm and an average length of 50 μm to 50 mm. Flame retardant thermal insulation material. The flame-retardant heat insulating material for buildings according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the stem piece comprises one or both of a stem chip and a stem fiber obtained by crushing a herbaceous stem. Heat insulation by blowing and filling the space between the interior board (22) and the exterior board (23) of the wooden building (10) with the flame retardant insulation material for buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 7. A method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building, characterized in that a layer (24) is formed. Insulating layer (16) by injecting and filling the space between the under floor plate (12) of the wooden building (10) and the floor surface with the flame retardant heat insulating material for building according to any one of claims 1 to 7. ) Is formed. A method for forming a heat insulation layer of a wooden building. Blowing the flame-retardant insulation material for buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 7 on the ceiling plate (32) of the wooden building (10), the insulation layer (33) having a thickness of 10 to 30 cm is formed. A method for forming a heat insulating layer of a wooden building, characterized by comprising:

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