JP2004000287A - Root vegetable harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that, when root vegetables such as carrot or the like are pulled out with a gripping belt, mulch film is raised simultaneously making it hard to pull out the vegetables or unable to pull them out by being caught by the mulch film. <P>SOLUTION: The root vegetable harvester is provided with a machine body 2 and the gripping belt 26 for pulling out the vegetables of the field where the mulch film is used, and also with a mulch film holding sled 63 for holding the mulch film in the lower direction of the gripper belt 26. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

The present invention relates to a technique for harvesting root crops.

A multi-film is applied to the ridge where root vegetables are planted in the field to promote root vegetable growth. Then, during the harvesting period of the root vegetables, the multi-film is cut off and the root vegetables are dug out.
JP-A-5-244809

Conventional croppers for carrots and other root crops may lift the multi-film at the same time when pulling out crops with the pinching belt, making it difficult to pull out crops. In addition, problems such as being stuck on the multi-film and being unable to come off occur, which causes a reduction in work efficiency.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following configuration.
It comprises a vehicle body 2, a raising portion 20 for raising root vegetables, and a nipping / conveying belt 26 for pulling out crops from a field coated with a multi-film. Is provided with a pair of multi-film holding sleds 63 for holding the multi-film underneath.

(4) When the harvester pulls out the crops in the field on which the multi-film is applied with the holding belt 26, mistakes in excavating the crops are eliminated, and work efficiency is improved.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. An embodiment of a carrot harvester using a carrot as a root vegetable will be described. FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the carrot harvester of the present embodiment. The carrot harvester digs a crawler 1, a car body 2 supported by the crawler 1, an operating unit 3 provided on the car body 2, and a carrot, cuts the carrot foliage, and removes the root after cutting the foliage. A digging part 4 having a function of transporting the digging part 4 and a multi-film removing device 5 is provided on one side surface of the digging part 4. Further, a storage unit 6 for storing harvested carrots is provided behind the digging unit 4.

A feature of the present harvester is that a multi-film removing device 5 is provided to cut the multi-film 7 in front of the root vegetable excavating portion 4 and remove the cut multi-film to the ridge side.

The multi-film removing device 5 is provided with a cutter 9 in the forward direction of the carrot foliage pinching and conveying belt 8 of the digging section 4, and a driving chain 10 (FIG. 2) of the cutter 9 is provided in a chain case 12. Is provided. A multi-film removing drum 14 having a large number of tooth cans 13 on its surface is provided adjacent to the chain 10. The rotating shaft of the multi-film removing drum 14 is provided in a direction parallel to the transport direction of the carrot foliage holding and transporting belt 8 of the excavating section 4. The driving force of the multi-film removing drum 14 is transmitted from the rotating shaft 10a of the cutter driving chain 10. The transmission mechanism is shown in FIG.

(4) The driving force is transmitted from the rotation shaft 10a of the one cutter driving chain 10 to a gear mechanism such as a helical gear in the transmission case 16, and the drum 14 rotates. By the rotation of the multi-film removing drum 14, the outer multi-film 7 after cutting is removed to the ridge side by the rotating tooth can 13. The driving force of the cutter driving chain rotating shaft 10a is transmitted from the harvester by a transmission mechanism (not shown).

(4) The multi-film removing device 5 cuts the multi-film 7 just before digging the root vegetables in the digging section 4 and removes the outer portion of the multi-film 7 to the ridge side, so that the multi-film removing operation after carrot harvesting is facilitated.

As shown in FIG. 3, instead of the multi-film removing drum 5 of FIG. 1, a multi-film removing conveyor 17 having a large number of toothed cans 13 on its surface can be used as a multi-film removing device.

In this case, the outer multi-film 7 cut by the cutter 9 that cuts the multi-film 7 provided in front of the excavation section 4 is collected rearward in the traveling direction by the tooth can 13 on the surface of the multi-film removing conveyor 17. .

Since the transverse feed conveyor 18 is provided at the reversing portion behind the conveyor 17, the collected multi-film 7 is sequentially dropped into the ridge groove by the transverse feed conveyor 18.
4 and a plan view of FIG. 5 show a root cropper, a body 2 supported by the axle of the crawler 1, an operating unit 5 (FIG. 5) supported by the body 2, and a root crop. It comprises a digging section 20, a root crop sandwiching and conveying section 21 provided behind the digging section 20, and a container 22 provided behind the conveying section 21 for storing harvested root vegetables.

The digging portion 20 is provided at a predetermined interval in the raising case 24 and includes a raising lug 25 attached so as to be rotatable around the case 24. Therefore, the digging portion 20 is raised by the forward movement of the root cropper. Slag 25 can cause root vegetable leaves. The root vegetable leaf caused by the raising lug 25 is transferred between the pair of nipping and conveying belts 26.

The conveying unit 21 includes a conveying belt 28, which is an endless belt provided near the end of the conveying belt 26 and the conveying direction of the conveying belt 26 and substantially perpendicular to the conveying direction of the belt 26, and orthogonal to the conveying belt 28. The storage belt 29 is made up of three endless belts. The conveyor belt 28 is provided with a cutter 31 for cutting root stems and leaves and a cutter 32 for cutting straight roots. In the process of being conveyed to the reversing portion of the belt 26, the root vegetables passed between the nipping and conveying belts 26 hit the conveying belt 28 at the tip of the roots, and subsequently sandwiched the root base and the leaf stem. When the root vegetables are removed from the ends of the pair of nipping and conveying belts 26, the root vegetables are delivered on the conveying belt 28 in an inclined state. At this time, the reason why the vicinity of the reversal portion of the nipping and conveying belt 26 is bent is that the root is placed on the conveyor belt 28 from the straight root portion. This is in order to be perpendicular to the direction.

(4) Since the cutter 31 having a cutting locus in the direction along the side surface of the belt 28 is provided at the upper end of the conveyor belt 28, the roots of the root vegetables being conveyed on the conveyor belt 28 are cut off. The root vegetables from which foliage has been cut off slide down on the conveyor belt 28 by gravity, and straight roots are cut off by the cutter 32.

Next, the root portion of the root vegetable is delivered to the storage belt 29 and finally stored in the container 22. The container 22 is preferably a box-shaped container that can be detached from the root cropper.

(4) A rotating body 33 having a spiral groove having a rotation axis in the traveling direction is provided on both sides behind the carrot digging portion 20 of the carrot harvester having the above-described configuration. Then, each rotating body can be rotated in a direction of tearing the multi-film to both sides around the position of the carrot planted. The rotator 33 is provided on the left and right sides of the harvester, which is a simple mechanism for tearing off the multi-film, so that the front of the harvester can be made lightweight.

In this case, if the rotator 33 is optionally installed in front of the carrot harvester provided with the conventional digging part, the mulched crop is positioned at the center of the multi-hole of the multi-film (see FIG. 6). Even when there is no crop, the carrot can be harvested while cutting the multi-film, so that the carrot can be harvested using a conventional carrot harvester.

FIG. 6 shows the multi-film 7 in which perforations 7b are provided in the longitudinal direction of the multi-film 7 from near the center of the multi-hole 7a. When the conventional multi-film 7 without the perforations 7b is used, when the carrot larger than the multi-hole 7a is pulled out, the multi-film 7 is also lifted together with the carrot and it is difficult to pull out the carrot. 7 to eliminate the drawback.

FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of the multi-film 7. When the carrot having a larger diameter than the multi-hole 7b is pulled out by inserting the perforations 7b, a cut is made in the multi-film 7 along the perforations 7b. Can be easily pulled out, and work with a carrot harvester can be efficiently performed.

As shown in FIG. 8, when a multi-film 7 having a cross-shaped perforation 7b passing through the center of the multi-hole 7a is used, in the mulched ridge, a carrot having a diameter larger than the multi-hole 7a or the center of the carrot. In the case where the center of the multi-hole 7a is deviated from the center, a cut is made in the cross direction along the perforation 7b by the pulling force, and the pull-out can be easily performed.

Further, as shown in FIG. 9, three cuts 7c may be formed at equal intervals of approximately 120 ° in the circumferential direction around the center of the multi-hole 7a of the multi-film 7. In the case of this multi-film 7, it is desirable to provide a small circle 7d at the end of the cut 7c to increase the ease of lifting the multi-film 7 and to prevent a tear. Also in this case, the carrot can be easily pulled out even if the carrot has a diameter larger than the multi-hole 7a or the center of the carrot is shifted from the center of the multi-hole 7a, and the harvesting efficiency is improved. The number of the cuts 7c need not be three, and a cross or an appropriate number of cuts 7c may be formed in the circumferential direction around the center of the multi-hole 7a.

When the multi-film 7 having the perforations 7b or the cuts 7c as shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 is used, the multi-film is used by using a carrot harvester without the multi-film removing device 5 shown in FIG. Carrots can be harvested on the ridges that have been subjected to No. 7.

As a multi-film cutting device provided in a carrot harvester, weeding as shown in FIG. 10 (a front view of a harvester including a weeding rod part) and FIG. 11 (a front view of a harvester including a weeding rod part). It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which a cutter 36 for cutting the multi-film is provided inside the rod 35 and in front of the raising device 20 provided with the raising lug 25 in the raising case 24.

The cutter 36 is a disc-shaped one, and the cutter 36 is rotated by a cutter driving chain 37 that receives power from the pulling device 20 to cut the multi-film. The cutting height of the cutter 36 is maintained on both sides of the cutter 36 by a pair of rollers 39 rolling on the ridge. In this case, since the cutter 36 is covered with the weeding rod 35, the carrot leaf is not cut off above the cutter 36.

As shown in FIG. 11, a sensor 40 for detecting the presence of a carrot is provided on the weeding rod 35, and the sensor 40 is used during the harvesting operation of the harvester as in the automatic directional control device (ACD) of the combine. Is detected, the crawler is braked in a direction in which the weeding rod 35 escapes from the carrot so that the weeding rod 35 does not hit the carrot via the switch 41, so that the cutter 36 does not approach the carrot too much. May be adopted. In this case, by sensing the carrot, the position of the cutter 36 is always kept at a certain distance from the carrot, and the multi-film can be cut without damaging the carrot.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a main portion of only the front of the harvester, FIG. 13 is a plan view of FIG. 12, FIG. 14 is a side view of FIG. 12, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view of a drive unit and a drive unit transmission mechanism diagram of a main part.

As shown in FIGS. 12 to 15, behind one of the pair of raising devices 20, a roller 43 that receives power from the raising device 20 and rotates in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the harvester. And the multi-film 7 having the perforation 7b or the multi-film 7 cut by the multi-film cutter (not shown) may be peeled off.

In this case, the multi-film 7 having the perforations 7b or the right side of the multi-film 7 cut by the cutter in FIG. Book or two) may not be provided. The soiler 44 is attached via a link 42 to a frame 45 supported on the vehicle body. Moreover, although the conventional harvesting machine could not use the soiler 44 for harvesting carrots grown using the multi-film 7, the multi-film 7 was Carrots cultivated by using them can now be dug.

FIGS. 16 (schematic side view of the harvester) and 17 (schematic plan view of the harvester) show the positions of the multi-holes of the multi-film in front of the digging portion 20 of the carrot harvester shown in FIGS. 46 (a plate sensor that freely moves up and down while being in contact with the carrot), a cutting device 47 that cuts the multi-film between cultivated carrots, and a roller 49 that holds the carrot and presses the multi-film on one side And a roller 50 capable of applying a force outward from the carrot (the roller rotating shaft is disposed obliquely with respect to the horizontal so as to apply a force outward). .

In this case, the multi-film that has been cut to some extent by the cutting unit is torn off by the two rollers 49 and 50 so that even in the case of the mulched crop, the harvesting operation can be performed in the raising unit 20 similar to the non-mulched crop. did.

That is, this harvester operates as follows.
First, the vertical displacement of the plate sensor 46 for detecting the position of the multi-hole is read by a potentiometer. Next, if the plate sensor 46 falls downward, it is determined that the multi-hole is on the surface of the multi-film, and the cutter 47 is turned on. Slide down to cut the multi-film. Then, when a load is applied to the pair of rollers 49 and 50 of the cutting mechanism, the partially cut multi-film receives a force outward by the left and right rollers 49 and 50 and is torn off. That is, the roller 49 applies a force to the multi-film in the X direction, and the roller 50 applies a force in the Y direction.

For mulched crops, the crop is not always located in the center of the mulch hole.When harvesting with the same mechanism as without the mulch film, the mulch film is lifted and this film is pulled inside the harvester. Although a problem such as entanglement occurs, such a problem disappears in the configurations of FIGS.

In addition, if the components shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 are optionally installed in front of the raising portion of the conventional carrot harvester, even if the mulched crop is not located at the center of the multi-hole, the multi-film is harvested while cutting. There are advantages that can be done.

In addition, in the cutting section having the cutter 47, the multi-film can be easily cut by the right and left forces of the rollers 49 and 50 in order to cut the multi-film to some extent.

As shown in FIG. 18 (harvester side view) and FIG. 19 (harvester plan view), a multi-film winder may be provided in the harvester. The multi-film winder 52 is attached below the carrot holding and conveying belt 26. The multi-film winder 52 is driven by a driving force from a driving shaft of the carrot foliage cutting belt 28 via a driving belt 53.

(5) A multi-film pressing roller 54 for pressing the multi-film is provided in front of the film winder 52. A stay 56 is attached to a bracket 55 provided below the raising case 24, and a multi-film pressing roller 54 is installed on the stay 56.

In the case of this configuration, one multi-film is cut by the cutter 57 provided at the lower portion of the raising case 24. Since the multi-film pressing roller 54 is located immediately behind the front end of the nipping and conveying belt 26, the carrot can be pulled out with almost no lifting of the multi-film. Thereafter, the film is wound by a film winder 52 located behind the multi-film pressing roller 54.

By employing such a configuration, the labor for removing the multi-film is not required because manual multi-film stripping is not required, and the carrot and the multi-film can be separated smoothly by the action of the multi-film pressing roller 54. Further, since the multi-film can be easily separated, the cutting performance of carrot foliage is also improved.

Further, a configuration as shown in the plan view of FIG. 20, that is, a driver's seat 5, an engine (below the driver's seat), a container 22, and a container storage portion 61 are provided on the right side in the traveling direction from the center of the fuselage. If a configuration in which a cutting belt 28 is provided on the left side of the fuselage and the pull-up section 20 and the nipping and conveying belt 26 are provided on the left side of the body is adopted, the center of gravity of the body is on the right side of the center of the body.

In this case, the center of gravity of the fuselage is on the right side in the traveling direction from the center of the fuselage, so that dragging of the multi-film by the left cloak 1a can be reduced, so that the digging performance is stabilized.
FIG. 21 shows a configuration in which a weeding rod 35 composed of left and right is provided in front of the sandwiching and conveying belt 26 constituting the carrot harvester, and an idle roller 62 is provided on the bottom surface of the weeding rod 35.

In this configuration, when the foliage is weeded by the weeding rod 35 and the carrot in the multi-film is pulled out by the nipping and conveying belt 26, the carrot is pulled out without lifting the multi-film because the multi-film is pushed by the idle roller 62. So efficiency also goes up.

That is, the weeding rod 35 integrated with the idle roller 62 presses the film downward while rolling on the multi-film as the harvester advances. The weeding rod 35 guides the foliage to near the pair of nipping and conveying belts 26 while lifting the foliage. Next, the foliage is nipped by the nipping and conveying belt 26, the carrot is simultaneously removed, and at the same time, the idle roller 62 keeps holding the multi-film.

FIG. 22 (side view) and FIG. 23 (plan view) show a carrot harvester provided with a pair of multi-film pressing sleds 63 behind the raising unit 20 and below the nipping and conveying belt 26. . This sled 63 is characterized in that it passes on both sides of the growing carrot.

In the conventional carrot harvester, when the carrot is pulled out by the nipping and conveying belt 26, the multi-film may be lifted at the same time, making it difficult to pull out the carrot. In addition, problems such as being stuck on the multi-film and being unable to come off occur, which causes a reduction in work efficiency.

(4) An arm 65 is provided for connecting the leading end of the nipping / conveying belt 26 to the frame 64 of the vehicle body 2, and a sled 63 for pressing the multi-film from the arm 65 to below the nipping / conveying belt 26 via a spring 66 is provided. The multi-film holding sled 63 follows the unevenness of the film by the action of the spring 66, flexibly responds to the advance of the harvester, and prevents the multi-film from being lifted. The sled 63 passes on both sides of the multi-hole.

In this way, carrot digging errors are eliminated, and work efficiency is increased. In addition, since the carrot is pulled out stably by the function of the sled, cutting of foliage is stabilized.
24 (side view) and FIG. 25 (plan view) show a carrot harvester provided with a pair of rotating brushes 68 instead of the pair of multi-film pressing sleds 63 of FIGS.

(4) The pair of rotating brushes 68 extract power from the driving force of the foliage cutting belt 28 and are driven by the driving belt 69. The rotating brush 68 is located in front of the film winder 52, and is provided right and left just behind the carrot to be dug.

マ ル チ Since the multi-film cut by the cutter 57 by the rotating brush 68 is separated to the left and right in the traveling direction and can be easily separated from the carrot, there is no mistake in carving digging.

1 shows a perspective view of a carrot harvester according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a transmission mechanism diagram of the multi-film removing drum of FIG. 1. 1 shows a perspective view of a carrot harvester according to one embodiment of the present invention. 1 shows a side view of a carrot harvester according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 shows a plan view of FIG. 4. It is a figure showing the example of installation of the multi-film of one example of the present invention. FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of FIG. 6. 1 shows an enlarged view of a multi-film according to one embodiment of the present invention. 1 shows an enlarged view of a multi-film according to one embodiment of the present invention. 1 shows a side view of a main part of a front part of a carrot harvester according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 shows a plan view of FIG. 10. 1 shows a perspective view of a main part of only a front part of a harvester of a carrot harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 shows a plan view of FIG. 12. FIG. 13 shows a side view of FIG. 12. FIG. 13 shows a schematic plan view of FIG. 12. 1 shows a schematic side view of a carrot harvester according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 17 shows a plan view of FIG. 16. 1 shows a schematic side view of a carrot harvester according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 19 shows a plan view of FIG. 18. 1 shows a plan view of a carrot harvester according to one embodiment of the present invention. 1 shows a perspective view of a carrot harvester according to one embodiment of the present invention. 1 shows a schematic side view of a carrot harvester according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 23 shows a plan view of FIG. 22. 1 shows a schematic side view of a carrot harvester according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 25 shows a plan view of FIG. 24.

Explanation of reference numerals

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crawler 2 Car body 3 Operation part 4 Digging part 5 Multi-film removing device 6 Storage part 7 Multi-film 8 Nipping and conveying belt 9 Cutter 10 Cutter driving chain 12 Chain case 13 Tooth can 14 Multi-film removing drum 16 Transmission case 17 Multi-film Removal conveyor 18 Lateral feed conveyor 20 Root crop digging section 21 Root crop sandwiching transport section 22 Container 24 Pulling case 25 Pulling rug 26 Nipping transport belt 28 Transport belt 29 Storage belt 31 Foliage cutting cutter 32 Straight root cutting cutter 33 Rotating body 35 Weeding rod 36 Cutter 37 Cutter driving chain 39 Roller 40 Carrot detection sensor 41 Switch 43 Roller 44 Soiler 46 Multi-film multi-hole detection sensor 47 Multi-film cutting device,
49, 50 Multi-film press roller 52 Multi-film winder, 53 Drive belt 54 Multi-film press roller 55 Bracket 56 Stay 57 Cutter 62 Idle roller 63 Multi-film press sled 64 Body frame 65 Connecting arm 66 Spring 68 Rotary brush 69 Drive belt

Claims (1)

A vehicle body 2, a raising portion 20 for raising root vegetables, and a nipping / conveying belt 26 for pulling out crops from a field coated with a multi-film; A pair of multi-film holding sleds 63 for holding the multi-film is provided below the root cropper.

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