JP2003335591A - Garbage disposer and compostor characterized by light irradiation - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste disposal system with increased abilities to break down organic matters and deodorize, by applying a principle concerning involvement of humic substances in photochemical reactions in nature to a garbage disposer and a compostor. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus system wherein (1) all or a part of upper, front, side, back plates, etc., of the garbage disposer and the compostor are made of a transparent member such as a synthetic resin material or glass to increase natural light transmittance, (2) an (automatic sun tracking) reflecting mirror for condensing sunbeam is established, (3) light-irradiation equipment such as a purple LED, a black light and a fluorescent lamp is established inside a treatment chamber and (4) the inner surface of the treatment chamber with which an incubation material comes into contact is coated with a photocatalyst such as titanium oxide, is used. The incubation material effectively used in the garbage disposer is an organic material such as coconut shell, leaf mold, peat moss and various composts or a mixture comprising these in an appropriate combination. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a food waste treatment device and a composting device system having efficient organic matter decomposing ability and deodorizing ability.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, it has been found that humic substances are involved in photochemical reactions in the natural world by the National Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences. At present, this principle is applied to the garbage disposal and composting equipment. It has not been reported to be applied to.

According to a report from the Institute for Natural Resources and Environment,
It is presumed that humic substances are excited by visible light to ultraviolet light to release hydrated electrons, which are involved in various reduction reactions. Further, dissolved oxygen is not only reduced by photoexcitation of humic substances containing hydroxybenzoic acid and the like to generate hydrogen peroxide, but also F (III) of Fe (III) generated by humic substances is reduced.
The reaction rate of the reduction reaction to e (II) is visible light (370 n
m or more), it has been reported to promote 120 times.
These two photochemical reactions occur at the same time in the natural world, and are important for the natural purification action of organic substances by causing the photo-Fenton reaction accompanied by the production of hydroxyl radicals (HO.) Useful for the oxidative decomposition of harmful organic substances. It is considered to play a role (Research Institute for Natural Resources and Environment Technology, Soil Environmental News No. 13, Soil Environmental Center http://www.gepc.or.jp/
news / 13-kenkyuusho. html ).

On the other hand, in the patent filed on April 17, 2002 by the inventors, "a method for treating solid organic matter combining light irradiation and addition of slaked lime and an apparatus for treating garbage with this method", slaked lime undergoes a photochemical reaction. It was reported that the principle can be applied to food waste disposers and composting equipment, but at that stage, without using slaked lime, only the culture material that is generally used in garbage disposers can be used. However, I was not aware of the phenomenon that organic matter decomposition was accelerated by light irradiation. The present invention has newly confirmed that the organic material decomposing ability by light irradiation is promoted even with only a culture material containing a humus-like substance such as coconut shell, mulch, and compost. Therefore, the principle is as follows. Incorporated in the above, it was provided as a device system with improved organic matter decomposing ability and deodorizing ability. In the investigation of the relationship with the patents that have been published so far, a barrier is provided to prevent the UV irradiation device from irradiating the culture material in the processing chamber, and then only the lid surface coated with titanium dioxide is irradiated with UV light. Although we have confirmed the technology to improve the deodorizing effect, etc., a system that irradiates the entire treatment room with light to activate the humus-like substance contained in the culture material has not been developed. It is considered that it does not conflict with the invention.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a food waste disposer and a composting device system which positively utilize the photochemical reaction of humus in the natural world and have improved organic matter decomposing ability and deodorizing ability.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, (1) all or a part of the garbage disposal, upper plate, front plate, horizontal plate, rear plate, etc. To increase the amount of natural light transmitted into the processing chamber by using a light transmissive member such as a synthetic resin material or glass that can transmit light. (2) If necessary, install a solar mirror that collects sunlight (automatic solar tracking type).
(3) If necessary, install a light irradiation device such as a purple LED, a black light, a fluorescent lamp, etc. in a form that can irradiate light into the processing chamber. An apparatus system characterized by a total of 4 points of coating a photocatalyst such as titanium may be used. Further, as the culture material in the garbage disposal, it was confirmed by the present invention that a certain photochemical reaction is exhibited, and coconut shells, humus, wood-based carbonized materials, peat moss, organic materials such as cow dung manure, etc. alone or appropriately It is effective to use it as a mixture in various combinations. And if you need more,
(1) Alkaline agents such as slaked lime, quick lime, calcium carbonate, and alkaline ionized water (2) Various oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone, hypochlorous acid, and (3) Photocatalyst such as titanium oxide One or a plurality of processes may be combined. In order to further improve the deodorizing ability of this device, either install a corona discharge device and an ultraviolet irradiation device in combination in the processing chamber or exhaust path to accelerate deodorization and accelerate decomposition of organic substances, or in the exhaust path. It is effective to adopt a method of installing the carbonized wood material in combination with an ultraviolet irradiation device.

[0007]

The present invention will be described in more detail below. In order to utilize the photochemical reaction of humus and its similar substances, (1) garbage disposal, upper plate of composting device, front plate,
All or part of the horizontal plate, rear plate, etc. should be made of a light-transmitting member such as synthetic resin material or glass that transmits light to increase the amount of natural light transmission into the processing chamber. (2) If necessary, sun rays To install a solar mirror (automatic solar tracking type)
(3) If necessary, install a light irradiation device such as a purple LED, a black light, a fluorescent lamp, etc. in a form that can irradiate light into the processing chamber. An apparatus system characterized by a total of 4 points of coating a photocatalyst such as titanium may be used. In that case, it should be noted that when artificially irradiating UV light instead of natural light, do not use wavelengths of 300 nm or less to prevent the activity of microorganisms involved in the decomposition of organic matter. is there. Further, even if light such as black light is irradiated with light of 300 nm or more, if the illuminance is strong, the microbial activity tends to be inhibited, so it is necessary to design the illuminance to be adjusted as necessary. In addition, since the photochemical reaction caused by humus also occurs in visible light, it is important to utilize not only ultraviolet light irradiation but also fluorescent lamps and natural light. By using a light-transmissive member for the garbage processor and the composting device, the decomposition process can be seen from the outside,
It can also be installed as a teaching material for environmental education at elementary, junior high and high schools at school lunch centers of each school.

As a culture material in the garbage disposal,
It is desirable to use organic materials such as coconut shell, mulch, wood-based carbonized material, peat moss, and various composts such as cow dung compost, alone or as a mixture in an appropriate combination. This is the first time in the present invention that palm shell, mulch, wood-based carbonized material, peat moss, cow dung compost, bark compost can be decomposed by light irradiation to easily decompose Remazol Brilliant Blue R in an aqueous solution. This is because it was confirmed by the test. This is particularly unsatisfactory considering that the above-mentioned Institute for Natural Resources and Environment Technology has revealed that the organic matter decomposition ability of humus can be promoted by light irradiation and that the hydroxyl radical is involved in the reaction. Not natural. In addition, among the above materials, the coconut shell is the most difficult to self-decompose when the food waste disposer is operating, so the culture material of the garbage disposer is mainly composed of coconut shell, leaf soil, wood carbonized material, peat moss, cow dung compost. It is desirable to adjust the composition by appropriately adding and mixing the above.

Further, it is advantageous to use various combinations of so-called “composite ecosystem materials” rather than using the above-mentioned culture material materials independently, since various microorganism groups inhabiting the ecosystem can be effectively used. . Many commercially available garbage disposal machines sell cultured inoculum at the same time, but using such "composite ecosystem material", it is generally possible to produce well without the addition of commercial inoculum. It is possible to disassemble and dispose of garbage. This can be said to be an effective example of effective utilization of a difficult-to-cultivate microbial group that occupies an overwhelming majority in natural ecosystems.

Since hydroxy radicals are involved in this reaction, it is expected that accelerated oxidation will be applied to this garbage disposal and composting equipment to further enhance the ability to decompose organic substances and deodorize. Specifically, (1) alkaline agents such as slaked lime, quick lime, calcium carbonate and alkaline ionized water (2) various oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide solution, ozone and hypochlorous acid, (3) titanium oxide and the like It is possible to combine one or more of the three treatments of the photocatalyst. However, whether it is raw garbage treatment or composting, the basics are basically the utilization of microorganisms, and accelerated oxidation is merely an auxiliary means or deodorizing means, so if the accelerated oxidation is increased too much, it will have a negative effect on the microbial community activity. Things that may occur must be carefully considered. For example, as a matter of course, if a high-concentration hydrogen peroxide solution, hypochlorous acid, or an oxidizing agent such as ozone is introduced into the processing chamber, the microbial group will be killed.
Basically, it is basically used in an appropriate amount, and it seems that there is no excess. In that respect, the same applies to the alkaline agent mentioned in (1). Further, addition of a metal oxide semiconductor such as titanium oxide to the culture material may lead to heavy metal contamination. Therefore, it should be stopped unless there is a great deal of bad odor. The use of titanium oxide, etc. should be limited to coating the inner surface of the processing chamber with which the culture material and compost material come into contact.

The use of the garbage disposal and composting apparatus of the present invention promotes photochemical reactions such as humus.
It can be expected to reduce the amount of various harmful organic substances such as dioxins, estrogens, environmental hormones and residual pesticides that are originally contained in raw garbage and composting materials.

In order to further enhance the deodorizing ability of this device, both a corona discharge device and an ultraviolet irradiating device are installed in combination in the processing chamber or the exhaust passage to accelerate deodorization and decomposition of organic substances. It is more effective to adopt a method of installing a wood-based carbonized material in combination with an ultraviolet irradiation device in the exhaust path. The processing chamber here means a space and a chamber in which raw garbage and culture materials are mixed and decomposed, and an exhaust path is a pipe or the like for discharging gas and vapor generated from the processing chamber to the outside. Refers to. With respect to the exhaust path, it is not necessary to separately consider the inhibition of microbial group activity, so that the wavelength and illuminance in ultraviolet irradiation can be increased as necessary.

Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0014]

Example 1 First, an attempt was made to confirm the photochemical reaction of palm shell, mulch, cow dung compost, and bark compost. Remazol Brilliant Blue R (Sigma) was added to sterilized ultrapure water and dissolved to a concentration of 15 ppm. The aqueous solution exhibits a light blue color. This substance is used for screening dioxin-degrading bacteria, and it has been reported that microorganisms that form a transparent zone on an agar medium containing this pigment have the ability to decompose dioxin (Genji Suzuki). , Niijima Hiroaki, Development of low-cost environmental load reduction technology using biotechnology-Development and practical application of dioxin-contaminated soil restoration system using microorganisms-, H11
Proposal of NEDO project result report meeting for public proposal for fiscal year). In that sense, this aqueous solution may be considered as a model for dioxin-contaminated wastewater. Now, 50 ml of the main aqueous solution was put into each of 30 50 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Next, coconut shell, mulch, cow dung compost, and bark compost purchased at a home center are ground using a coffee mill or a mortar, and 50 mg each is added to 6 Erlenmeyer flasks containing dye solution, and 3 of them are added. Was covered with aluminum foil to protect it from light. Further, the remaining three were irradiated with light under the following conditions for 48 hours. Light irradiation has a peak wavelength of 36
0 nm UV irradiation device (Blacklight FL10B
L: NEC Writing Co., Ltd.) and an ultraviolet irradiation device with a peak wavelength of 253 nm (sterilization lamp GL10: peak wavelength 253 nm, NEC Lighting Co., Ltd.) 5
A pedestal was installed inside, and the above-mentioned Erlenmeyer flasks were arranged at equal intervals in an illuminated plant incubator Iatron (FLI-301N, manufactured by Tokyo Rikaki Co., Ltd.) with maximum illumination of fluorescent lamps. Six negative controls to which no culture material was added were similarly set separately for the light irradiation section and the dark treatment section. As a result, in the palm shell, mulch, cow dung compost, and bark compost, the light-irradiated area had a clearer blue color than the dark-treated area, and the humus contained in these culture materials was activated by light irradiation. It was speculated that it was transformed. At the stage of filing this patent application, the numerical value and the statistical processing regarding the change of the absorbance are not shown, but it will be reported later in the original paper.

[0015]

[Embodiment 2] Garbage Disposal Machine (Mitsubishi Byron MSH-01
5, manufactured by Shinyo Sangyo Co., Ltd .; stirring 2 revolutions / minute) 4 units,
As the main material, coconut shell purchased at a home center 2.
2 kg each was added. Furthermore, 0.5 kg of leaf soil, 0.5 kg of cattle manure compost, 0.5 kg of bark compost, and 0.5 kg of charcoal, which were also purchased at home centers, were added as auxiliary materials, and mixed well to form a "composite ecosystem culture material". . This composite ecosystem culture material is humus soil, microbial flora containing microbial groups involved in plant remains decomposition contained in bark compost, microbial flora containing microbial groups involved in organic matter decomposition in cattle intestinal ecosystem contained in cow manure compost, Furthermore, it is expected that each of these ecosystems will contain microbial flora that is involved in elemental circulation processes (which releases gas into the air) such as nitrification and denitrification. In order to carry out two series of experiments, open the lids of two of the four garbage processing machines, install a magnet in the lid sensor part, release the automatic stop function, and then set the thickness to 3m.
Place two acrylic plates of m, and irradiate one ultraviolet irradiation device (black light FL10BL: peak wavelength 360 nm, NEC Lighting Co., Ltd.) on the acrylic plate for about half the length of light from the acrylic plate. It was installed and used as a UV irradiation area. On top of that, 0.5 kg of fish ara (60 cm class of mullet, head of head, spine, fins, etc.) and 1 kg of vegetable scraps (use of radish) procured from the fish cooking room of the supermarket for each garbage processing machine. 1.5 kg of leftover greens etc.) is added once a day,
This treatment was repeated for 3 weeks. After adding garbage every day,
After 24 hours, two odor assessors blindly tested for odor,
The odors of the two wards were compared. Regarding the resolution,
Every other day, a group of undegraded solid organic substances (mainly crab shells, shells, fish bones, etc.) was pulled out by putting a hand on the culture material, and the weight was measured. As a result, regarding the odor, it was judged that the ultraviolet irradiation area was less. Regarding the decomposition, no significant difference was observed in the weight 24 hours after the garbage was put in, and good decomposition could be confirmed in both groups, but the ultraviolet irradiation section tended to decompose slightly each time. . In addition, in order to suppress the ammonia odor that intensively occurs in a few hours after decomposing the garbage, by gradually decomposing it by lowering the stirring speed of the garbage processor and slightly suppressing the aerobic microbial activity, It may be effective to vaporize ammonia little by little.

[0016]

As shown in the embodiment, the functions (organic matter decomposing ability and deodorizing ability) of the garbage processing machine and the composting apparatus can be enhanced only by performing light irradiation. It is considered that the present invention can widely contribute to the alleviation of waste problems, which have been increasing in recent years.

Front page continuation (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) B01J 19/12 C05F 11/06 B09B 3/00 B09B 3/00 D C05F 5/00 B01D 53/34 116Z 11/00 116A 11/06 B09B 3/00 304Z B01D 53/36 J HF Term (reference) 4D002 AA40 AB02 AC10 BA04 BA07 BA09 DA41 4D004 AA03 CA15 CA18 CA34 CA36 CA43 CA48 CB04 CB21 CC01 CC08 CC09 CC11 CC12 4D048 AA22 AB03 AA22A01AY4 AY4 AA37 BA04 CA32 CA33 CA51 EB31 EB33 FB06 FB12 4H061 AA02 AA03 CC41 CC42 CC47 CC55 CC58 DD17 DD20 EE04 EE12 EE18 EE52 EE61 EE64 EE70 GG28 GG32 GG43 GG48 GG62 HH42

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A garbage treatment device and a composting device, which are characterized by light irradiation and stirring. 2. (1) Garbage disposal machine, upper plate of composting device,
The whole or a part of the front plate, the horizontal plate, the rear plate, etc., is made of a light transmitting member such as a synthetic resin material or glass capable of transmitting light,
To increase the amount of natural light transmitted into the processing chamber, (2) if necessary, install a reflector that collects the sun's rays (automatic solar tracking type), and (3) if necessary, such as a purple LED, black light, fluorescent lamp, etc. The light irradiation device is installed in the processing chamber so that it can be irradiated with light. (4) If necessary, the surface of the processing chamber where the culture material comes into contact is coated with a photocatalyst such as titanium dioxide. Equipment system. 3. A raw garbage treatment device, the culture material, palm shell, mulch, wood-based carbonized material, peat moss, various compost,
A method of using organic materials such as oil meal and rice straw alone or in the form of a mixture in an appropriate combination. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein (1) an alkaline agent such as slaked lime, quick lime, calcium carbonate and alkaline ionized water (2) various oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide solution, ozone and hypochlorous acid (3) A garbage treatment device and a composting device that combine one or more of a total of three treatments of a photocatalyst such as titanium oxide. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein both a corona discharge device and a light irradiation device are installed in combination in a processing chamber or an exhaust path for deodorization and acceleration of decomposition of organic substances. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein both the wood-based carbonized material and the ultraviolet irradiation device are installed in combination in the exhaust path.