JP2003329270A - Temperature control ventilation method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To keep the living environment good by suitably, efficiently and economically controlling the temperature of outside air in taking the outside air from the exterior space of a building into the interior space to ventilate the building. <P>SOLUTION: This temperature control ventilation method includes (a) a process of bringing the outside air into contact with a phase change heat storage material in a path for taking the outside air from the exterior space into an interior space to control the temperature of the outside air, and supplying the outside air whose temperature is controlled to the interior space, and (b) a process of bringing the outside air taken in from the exterior space or air in the interior space to be contacted with a phase change heat storage material to make store heat and then discharging the same to the exterior space. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a temperature-controlled ventilation method and device, and more particularly, to the ventilation of an indoor space of a building by taking in the outdoor air and then adjusting the temperature of the outdoor air to an appropriate temperature. The target is a method for making the temperature control device and a temperature control device used for this temperature control method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, in order to take in outside air into a building's indoor space for ventilation, a ventilation fan mounted on a wall is operated, or a ventilation device or a ventilation device for taking in the outside air and sending fresh air to each room. It is equipped with a duct. However, if the outside air is extremely cold or hot compared to the indoor air, the temperature of the room will fluctuate significantly due to ventilation, causing occupants to feel uncomfortable and adversely affecting their health. There is a problem to give. Therefore,
When the outside air is taken in by the ventilation device, it is heated by a heater to adjust the temperature and then released into the room, or by exchanging heat with the exhaust air from the room in the air conditioner and then released into the room. It is also suggested to do so.

Further, a method has also been proposed in which outside air is temporarily taken into the underfloor space where the temperature change is smaller than that in the outdoors, and the air whose temperature is controlled to a certain extent in the underfloor space is taken into the room.

[0004]

Among the above-mentioned conventional temperature control methods, the method of controlling the outside air by heating with a heater or heat exchange with an air conditioner requires a heating device such as a heater or a heat exchange device. However, there is a drawback that operating costs are high. Further, the temperature difference between the outside air and the indoor air cannot be sufficiently eliminated only by adjusting the temperature in the underfloor space, and it is difficult to achieve the temperature adjustment that is sufficiently comfortable for the occupants. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to adjust the temperature of the outside air appropriately, efficiently, and economically when taking in the outside air from the outdoor space of a building to the indoor space for ventilation, and to improve the living environment. It is to be able to maintain.

[0005]

A temperature-controlled ventilation method according to the present invention is a ventilation method for taking in outside air from an outdoor space of a building to an indoor space, and a route for taking in outside air from the outdoor space to the indoor space. In the step (a) of adjusting the temperature of the outside air by bringing the outside air into contact with the phase change heat storage material and supplying the temperature-controlled outside air to the indoor space, the outside air taken in from the outdoor space or the air in the indoor space A step (b) of contacting the phase change heat storage material to store the heat in the phase change heat storage material and discharging the heat to the outdoor space. [Building] For various buildings that need to maintain a comfortable temperature environment for users, such as general housing such as wooden and concrete structures, apartment houses, office buildings, hospitals, nursing facilities, factories, and other public facilities Applicable. It can also be applied to work facilities that breed and grow animals and plants.

[0006] The indoor space means a living room or a meeting room of a general house,
In addition to individual rooms used as work rooms, shared spaces such as corridors and stairs are also included. Except in special cases, indoor spaces do not include underfloor spaces, attic spaces, and eaves spaces that are not used for living or work. Ventilation may be performed for each individual room, or may be performed for a plurality of rooms or the entire indoor space of a building collectively. The temperature range to be adjusted and the required ventilation capacity vary depending on the usage environment of the indoor space and the required ventilation. [Route of taking in outside air] The outside air in the outdoor space is taken into the indoor space by natural ventilation or forced ventilation.

Basically, the ventilation structure in a normal building can be adopted as the intake path of outside air. In particular,
In some cases, it is only necessary to provide ventilation holes on the outer wall that separates the outdoor space from the indoor space, or from the ventilation port that opens on the outer wall of the building,
Outside air may be sent to each room or space via a ventilation duct surrounded by walls. The outside air intake path can be provided in the outer wall of the building, the attic space, the underfloor space, or the like. In particular, when an outside air intake path is provided in the underfloor space, while the outside air moves through the underfloor space,
The temperature control action as a whole can be improved by receiving a temperature control action to some extent. When using the attic space or the underfloor space, it is also possible to use these spaces themselves as the intake path for the outside air without providing a special ventilation duct.

[Phase Change Heat Storage Material] The heat storage material means a material having a large storage capacity of thermal energy. The phase change heat storage material is a material in which heat energy is efficiently taken in and out by a phase change of a substance such as heat of fusion or transition heat, and is also called a latent heat storage material. Here, the heat storage is used to mean both hot heat and cold heat. The phase change heat storage material is suitable for adjusting the temperature of the outside air to a constant temperature because heat exchange is performed without changing the temperature. Use a phase change heat storage material whose phase change temperature is in an appropriate condition according to the required temperature control function. Specifically, in a normal living environment, it is preferable that the phase change temperature is in the range of 15 to 35 ° C. More desirably, the phase change temperature is in the range of 20 to 28 ° C. Phase changes occur between solid and liquid phases, liquid and gas phases, and rarely between solid and gas phases. Usually, a phase change between solid and liquid phase is utilized. The phase change temperature slightly shifts depending on the direction of the phase change. For example, the phase change temperature from the solid phase to the liquid phase may be different from the phase change temperature from the liquid phase to the solid phase. In that case, the phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material may be defined by the average value of both phase change temperatures. Of course, when performing a strict evaluation, the phase change direction at the time of use and the phase change temperature at that time are evaluated.

A material having a large heat capacity per unit weight or unit volume is effective for efficient temperature control. Specifically, a material having a phase change heat quantity of 10 to 400 kJ / kg can be used, and preferably a phase change heat quantity of 40 kJ / k.
A material of g or more is used. Specific examples of the material include aromatic low order compounds such as paraffinic and fatty acid compounds, and phase change heat storage materials such as inorganic hydrate salt compounds. The phase change heat storage material may have not only temperature control (latent heat) by phase change but also temperature control by sensible heat. In this case, within the range of heat quantity and temperature that can be handled by phase change, the temperature control action by latent heat is exerted at a constant temperature, and even after it cannot be handled by phase change, the temperature control action by sensible heat causes some temperature control action. Can be demonstrated.

[Contact with the Outside Air] In order to bring the phase change heat storage material into contact with the outside air, the solid or liquid phase change heat storage material can be directly brought into contact with the outside air. Only the surface can come into contact with the outside air and participate in the inflow and outflow of heat, and the efficiency of heat exchange may not be sufficiently improved. Therefore, it is desirable to devise the carrying structure of the phase change heat storage material so that the heat exchange between the phase change heat storage material and the outside air is efficiently performed. Specifically, the phase change heat storage material can be supported on a fibrous base material or a porous base material. Even if the phase change heat storage material undergoes a phase change, a material or structure that does not easily fall off or flow out from the base material is preferable. The porous base material is less likely to drop off or flow out of the phase change heat storage material at the time of phase change, has less resistance to flow of outside air, and has a large amount of the phase change heat storage material carried. Contact and heat exchange between the outside air and the phase change heat storage material are efficiently performed.

Specific examples of the material for supporting the phase change heat storage material include porous materials such as ceramics, foam glass, foam silica and zeolite. The shape of the carrier of the phase change heat storage material can be appropriately set in consideration of the contact efficiency with the outside air, the flow resistance, and the like. Specifically, a tubular shape, a lattice shape, or a honeycomb structure in which a large number of through holes are arranged can be adopted. The carrier of the phase change heat storage material may be formed in a small agglomerate shape, and the agglomerate carrier may be accumulated or filled in a container or the like. The shape of the support in the form of agglomerates may be spherical, polyhedral, columnar, scaly or amorphous. The particle size of the carrier is 0.5 to
A range of 30 mm can be adopted, and 1 to 10 mm is more preferable.

[Temperature Control] The temperature control of the outside air is achieved by supplying the outside air with warm heat or cold heat accompanying the phase change of the phase change heat storage material when the outside air is brought into contact with the phase change heat storage material. The outside air, which is hotter than the phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material,
Upon contact with the phase-change heat storage material, heat is taken away from the phase-change heat storage material, and the phase-change heat storage material is cooled. The outside air, which has a lower temperature than the phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material, comes into contact with the phase change heat storage material and is supplied with heat as the phase change of the phase change heat storage material changes. As a result, the temperature of the outside air is adjusted to the same temperature as the phase change temperature or a temperature within a narrow fixed range that is extremely close. However, if the contact time between the outside air and the phase change heat storage material is short, the outside air may not be adjusted to the phase change temperature. In this case as well, the temperature is adjusted to a temperature close to an appropriate temperature as compared with the case where the outside air is directly supplied to the indoor space.

The passage speed of the outside air through the phase-change heat storage material during temperature control is set so that heat exchange is sufficiently and efficiently performed. The present invention is characterized in that a sufficiently large heat exchange performance can be obtained even when the wind speed is low, but it is generally desirable to keep the surface wind speed at several cm / sec or more. [Heat Storage] Before the temperature control of the outside air, heat is stored in the phase change heat storage material. In the heat storage step, the outside air is brought into contact with the phase change heat storage material to store heat in the phase change heat storage material, and then discharged to the outdoor space again. The hot or cold heat of the outside air is stored in the phase change heat storage material.

Therefore, the temperature condition of the outside air required to cause the phase change differs depending on the phase state of the phase change heat storage material. For example, in order to cause a phase change from a liquid phase to a solid phase, outside air at a temperature lower than the phase change temperature is required,
In order to cause a phase change from a solid phase to a liquid phase, outside air at a temperature higher than the phase change temperature is required. Since the phase change heat storage material causes a phase change in the opposite direction during the temperature control and the heat storage, efficient heat utilization can be achieved. It is also possible to use the air in the indoor space instead of the outside air. Temperature-controlled outside air is supplied to the indoor space, but the air in the indoor space may rise or fall below the temperature of the controlled outside air due to the activities of residents in the indoor space and the effects of air conditioning. To do. By utilizing this temperature difference, it is possible to store heat in the phase change heat storage material with indoor air.

The passage speed of air through the phase-change heat storage material during heat storage is set so that heat exchange can be sufficiently and efficiently performed, as in the case of the temperature adjustment. Also in this case, as described above, a sufficiently large heat exchange performance can be obtained even when the wind speed is low, but it is generally desirable to keep the surface wind speed at several cm / sec or more. [Humidity control] The outside air sent into the indoor space can be subjected to humidity control in addition to temperature control. Humidity control means adjusting the humidity of air to an appropriate state. It is a concept that includes drying and humidification.

The humidity adjustment may be performed before the temperature adjustment or after the temperature adjustment. It is also possible to perform temperature control and humidity control at the same time. Generally, it is more efficient to condition the temperature after adjusting the humidity of the outside air. As a specific humidity control means, a normal humidity control device or method for a building environment can be adopted. As a humidity control means to be combined with the present invention, there is a method in which the outside air is brought into contact with an inorganic or organic humidity control material having an excellent moisture absorbing / releasing property. Examples of the humidity conditioner include siliceous shale, silica gel, super absorbent polymer, calcium chloride, zeolite, activated carbon and the like.

These humidity conditioners can be carried on a porous base material or the like in the same manner as the temperature conditioner. It is also convenient to incorporate the humidity control means into the heat storage device. [Temperature control / ventilation device] Basically, it comprises a heat accumulator that performs a temperature control function by a phase change heat storage material, and an air flow path, an air blowing means, a flow switching means, and the like that control the flow of outside air to the heat storage element. As the structure other than the heat storage unit, a structure such as a normal ventilation device or a ventilation duct or a facility device can be used. As a specific device structure, a ventilation path through which outside air flows from an outdoor space to an indoor space is provided. The arrangement structure of the ventilation passage may be basically the same as that of a normal ventilation duct or ventilation passage.

One end of a portion of the ventilation path for introducing outside air is communicated with the outdoor space. Specifically, a duct-shaped ventilation introduction path can be opened in an outer wall of a building, a cloth foundation, a roof, or the like. Attic space, underfloor space, and space inside walls can be used as part of the ventilation path. In this case, as long as these spaces communicate with the outdoor space, it is not necessary for the ventilation duct or the like to directly open to the outdoor space. The ventilation passage is also equipped with a communication structure to the indoor space.
Specifically, the structure of the ventilation port or ventilation outlet in a normal building can be adopted. Ventilation outlets to the indoor space can be installed on the floor, wall, ceiling, pillar, etc.

A heat storage device is arranged in the middle of the ventilation path.
The phase change heat storage material is accommodated in the heat storage device. The outside air flowing through the ventilation path comes into contact with the phase-change heat storage material inside the heat storage device and is subjected to temperature control. Further, the phase change heat storage material of the heat storage unit stores heat by contact with the outside air. Of the heat accumulators, the outside air outlet side is
The remaining part of the ventilation passage communicating with the indoor space, that is, the indoor connecting passage and the exhaust passage communicate with each other. The exhaust passage communicates with the outdoor space, and the outside air that has passed through the heat storage device can be discharged to the outdoor space. The outside air that has passed through the heat storage device is supplied to the indoor space in the temperature control process and discharged to the outdoor space in the heat storage process.
In order to switch and control such a flow of outside air, a flow switching means such as a direction switching damper is provided. The switching means is
As with ordinary ventilation equipment, dampers and valves are used that can efficiently switch and control the air flow. It is preferable that the control operation of the switching means can be performed electrically and remotely from an indoor space or the like. It is also possible to automatically control the switching operation of the switching means based on the temperature information acquired by the temperature sensors provided in the indoor space and the outdoor space.

As a ventilation path, a second indoor connecting path that can directly supply the outside air to the indoor space without passing through the heat accumulator can be provided as needed. Specifically, in the ventilation path, on the upstream side of the heat storage device, through the switching means,
A second indoor connection path communicating with the indoor space can be provided. As the structure of the second indoor connecting path and the place of communication with the indoor space, the same structure as the first indoor connecting path communicating with the indoor space on the downstream side of the heat storage unit can be adopted.
By arranging the ventilation passage in the underfloor space, heat can be exchanged between the outside air flowing through the ventilation passage and the internal temperature of the underfloor space to control the temperature. Although this temperature control action is not as efficient as the temperature control by the phase change heat storage material, it can be used as a supplement or supplement to the temperature control by the phase change heat storage material. In this case, the longer the length of the ventilation path installed in the underfloor space, the more easily the temperature control effect is received.

[Heat Reservoir] For the heat accumulator, basically, the same technique as that of the heat accumulating mechanism in ordinary mechanical equipment or heat system can be applied. The heat storage device includes a container structure that houses a phase change heat storage material. The container structure can be made of metal such as steel or resin such as plastic. Specific container shapes include a cylinder, a polygonal cylinder, and a rectangular parallelepiped. The container structure should be an airtight structure except for the entrance and exit of outside air. It is desirable to provide a heat insulating structure such as a heat insulating material in order to cut off heat from the outside. It is also possible to provide a control plate, a weir, a partition or the like for smoothing the flow of the outside air inside the heat storage device and improving the contact efficiency with the phase change heat storage material. A structure for positioning and preventing movement of the phase change heat storage material is also provided. It is also possible to provide a temperature sensor for measuring the internal temperature of the heat storage unit and a flow rate sensor for detecting the flow rate of outside air.

The carrier of the phase-change heat storage material can be formed beforehand in accordance with the internal shape of the heat storage device. For example, a cylindrical phase change heat storage material carrier is prepared corresponding to the cylindrical inner shape. A plate-shaped, rod-shaped, tubular, or agglomerate phase-change heat storage material carrier can also be packed into the container structure by pushing or accumulating. In the heat accumulator,
Only one type of phase change heat storage material may be stored, or a plurality of types of phase change heat storage material may be stored in separate compartments or mixed. For example, by combining multiple types of phase-change heat storage materials with different phase-change temperatures, it is possible to increase the range of temperature that can be changed by temperature adjustment, make it easier to handle outside air with different temperature conditions, and improve the performance of the regenerator. Can be achieved.

Although only one heat accumulator can be installed in the ventilation path through which the outside air flows, a plurality of heat accumulators can be installed in series or in parallel. The plurality of heat regenerators may contain the same phase change heat storage material, or a combination of heat regenerators containing a plurality of types of phase change heat storage materials having different characteristics such as phase change temperature. You can also By combining heat accumulators with different phase change temperatures, it becomes possible to respond to changes in the temperature environment and change the temperature control conditions. [Heat storage device with humidity control function] A humidity control material can be housed inside the heat storage device together with the phase change heat storage material.

The accommodation form of the humidity control material may be the same as the accommodation form of the phase change heat storage material described above. Either the humidity control material and the phase change heat storage material or their supports can be installed on the upstream side in the passage of the outside air in the heat storage device, but normally, the humidity control material is arranged on the upstream side. The humidity control material and the phase change heat storage material may be arranged in parallel, or the humidity control material and the phase change heat storage material may be mixed. With respect to the main body of the heat accumulator, only the accommodation structure of the humidity control material can be attached or detached in a cassette type, or the outside air can be selectively circulated to the accommodation part of the humidity control material, only when necessary, It can also exert a humidity control function. On the contrary, the flow of the outside air may be switchably controlled so that the outside air does not come into contact with the phase change heat storage material but only comes into contact with the humidity control material.

Of course, in addition to the heat accumulator, a humidity controller accommodating a humidity control material or a carrier thereof can be installed in a part of the ventilation passage.

[0026]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the building shown in FIG. 1, a temperature control ventilation device is installed in an underfloor space 14. The building 10 is a general house, and has a living space 12 surrounded by an outer wall and an underfloor space 14 provided below the living space 12. In the present invention, the indoor space in which it is necessary to control the temperature or the humidity is the living space 12. The underfloor space 14 is neither an indoor space nor an outdoor space, and functions as a part of a ventilation device (temperature control ventilation device). A heat storage device 20 is installed in the underfloor space 14. As shown in FIG. 2, the heat storage device 20 includes a phase-change heat storage material carrier 70 formed of a molded product in which a phase-change heat storage material is supported on a porous base material inside a cylindrical container 22 having excellent heat insulating properties.
And a humidity control material carrier 80 made of a molded product in which the humidity control material is supported on a porous base material are housed side by side in the axial direction. In the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical container 22, the phase change heat storage material carrier 7
The ratio of 0 is larger than that of the humidity control material carrier 80.

As shown in FIG. 1, the underfloor space 14 is provided with a ventilation introduction path 32 that connects the heat storage device 20 and the outdoor space. The material and structure of the ventilation introducing path 32 are the same as those of a normal ventilation duct. The outside air in the outdoor space flows into the heat storage device 20 through the ventilation introduction path 32. Ventilation passage 32
A switching damper 34 capable of switching the flow direction of the fluid is provided at a position up to the heat accumulator 20 in the middle of. In the switching damper 34, the second indoor connection path 6 is provided as another path that can be switched to and from the path to the heat storage device 20.
2 is connected. The second indoor connection path 62 penetrates the floor surface from the underfloor space 14 and opens into the living space 12.
A blower fan 64 is installed at the opening to the living space 12. Further, the switching damper 34 is also connected to an auxiliary ventilation introducing passage 35 that communicates with the outdoor space.

An exhaust path 42 is connected to the outlet side (the right side in FIGS. 1 and 2) of the heat storage device 20. The exhaust passage 42 is open to the outdoor space on the outer wall of the building 10. A blower fan 46 is installed at the opening to the outdoor space. The switching damper 34 is also attached in the middle of the exhaust path 42.
The switching damper 44 is connected to another indoor connecting path that opens to the living space 12, that is, a first indoor connecting path 52.
A blower fan 54 is also installed at the opening of the first indoor connection path 52. [Temperature Controlled Ventilation Step] The temperature of the outside air is controlled via the route indicated by the arrow in FIG.

The outside air taken into the ventilation introducing passage 32 is sent to the heat storage device 20 by the switching setting of the switching damper 34. As shown in FIG. 2, the outside air entering the heat storage device 20 first passes through the humidity control material carrier 80,
The humidity is removed and the water is replenished, and the humidity is adjusted to an appropriate level. Next, the outside air is the phase change heat storage material carrier 70.
In contact with the phase change heat storage material, the heat or cold of the phase change heat storage material is received and adjusted to a temperature substantially equal to the phase change temperature. Note that the phase-change heat storage material stores warm or cold heat in advance in a heat storage step described later.

The outside air, the temperature and humidity of which have been adjusted, exits the heat storage unit 20 and is sent to the exhaust passage 42, and is supplied to the living space 12 through the first indoor connecting passage 52 by the switching setting of the switching damper 44. . Blower fan 5 of the first indoor connection path 52
4 is operated so that the heat storage device 2 is removed from the ventilation introduction path 32.
0, the exhaust passage 42, and the first indoor connection passage 52 can be forced to flow outside air. The blower fan 64 of the second indoor connecting path 62 is deactivated, and the switching damper 34
The outside air is prevented from directly flowing into the second indoor connecting passage 62 from the auxiliary ventilation introducing passage 35.

Fresh air, the temperature and humidity of which are adjusted, is supplied to the living space 12, and the living environment of the living space 12 is maintained in a good condition. As the outside air is supplied to the living space 12, the dirty air in the living space 12 is discharged to the outdoor space through an opening such as a window or a ventilation port. The exhaust of the living space 12 may be performed by natural circulation or by forced ventilation. [Heat storage step] Heat is stored in the phase change heat storage material by circulating the outside air through the path indicated by the arrow in FIG.

The outside air taken into the ventilation introducing passage 32 flows to the heat storage device 20 by the switching setting of the switching damper 34. Similar to the temperature control ventilation step, the outside air first passes through the humidity control material carrier 80 to transfer excess water accumulated in the humidity control material to the outside air or to transfer moisture to the excessively dried humidity control material. Can be supplied. Next, the outside air is brought into contact with the phase change heat storage material carrier 70, whereby heat is exchanged between the phase change heat storage material and the outside air, and heat is stored by the phase change of the phase change heat storage material. Specifically, when the phase change heat storage material is in a liquid phase, the phase change heat storage material is phase-changed into a solid phase by supplying outside air having a temperature lower than the phase change temperature. The phase change heat storage material in the solid state can exert the function of cooling the outside air having a temperature higher than the phase change temperature in the temperature adjusting step.

When the outside air having a temperature higher than the phase change temperature is brought into contact with the solid phase change heat storage material to change the phase to the liquid phase,
In the subsequent temperature adjusting step, the function of adjusting the temperature by heating the outside air having a temperature lower than the phase change temperature can be exhibited. The outside air which has given heat or cold to the phase-change heat storage material exits the heat storage unit 20 and is sent to the exhaust passage 42, and is discharged to the outdoor space from the end of the exhaust passage 42 by the switching setting of the switching damper 44. Exhaust path 42
By operating the blower fan, the outside air can be forced to flow from the ventilation introduction passage 32 to the heat storage device 20 and the exhaust passage 42. In addition, if the outside air taken in from the auxiliary ventilation introducing passage 35 is caused to directly flow from the second indoor connecting passage 62 into the living space 12 by the switching setting of the switching damper 34 and the operation of the blower fan 64, the heat storage process is performed. In the meantime, the living space 12 can be ventilated. If necessary,
Ventilation may be performed by natural circulation through windows or by forced ventilation using a wall-mounted ventilation fan.

[Ventilation without Phase Change Temperature Control] As shown in FIG. 4, in the environmental condition where temperature control ventilation with a phase change heat storage material is not required, ventilation without using the heat storage device 20 can also be performed.
That is, the outside air taken into the ventilation introducing passage 32 is directly supplied from the switching damper 34 to the living space 12 through the second indoor connecting passage 62. The air in the living space 12 flows through the first indoor connection path 52 in the reverse direction of the previous step, enters the exhaust path 42 from the switching damper 34, and is discharged to the outdoor space. Blower fan 64 of the second indoor connection path 62, blower fan 4 of the exhaust path 42
If 2 is operated, the above-mentioned outside air flow can be forcibly created. Blower fan 5 of the first indoor connection path 52
4 is also effective in creating a compulsory exhaust flow if it is rotated in the reverse direction of the previous step.

In this ventilation step, the temperature control action by the phase change heat storage material does not function, but the temperature control action by the underfloor space 14 can be expected. The underfloor space 14 is maintained in a relatively constant temperature range regardless of weather conditions or day or night. Therefore, the outside air flows from the ventilation introduction path 32 to the second indoor connection path 6
2, while passing through the underfloor space 14 over a relatively long distance to 2, the accommodation space 12 is adjusted to an appropriate temperature.
Sent to. Therefore, when the advanced temperature control function by the phase change heat storage material is unnecessary, even when the heat storage device 20 is inspected, replaced, or repaired, the underfloor space 14 exerts a certain temperature control function to allow living. It is possible to prevent the temperature environment of the space 12 from extremely decreasing.

[Circulation Temperature Control Step] As shown by the arrow in FIG. 5, it is possible to perform only the temperature control of the room air without taking in the outside air. The air in the living space 12 is taken into the second indoor connection path 62. Air flows in the opposite direction to the previous step, and the air is sent to the heat storage device 20 by the switching damper 34 switching setting. In the heat storage device 20, the air is the humidity control material carrier 80.
And the temperature change effect of the phase change heat storage material carrier 70. The air that has exited the heat storage device 20 is returned to the living space 12 again via the exhaust passage 42, the switching damper 44, and the first indoor connection passage 52.

As a result, the air whose temperature and humidity have been adjusted is constantly circulated in the living space 12,
The living environment of the living space 12 can be favorably maintained. [Combination of a plurality of steps] Each of the above-mentioned steps may be appropriately combined to exert their respective functions in a composite manner. For example, in the temperature control ventilation process of FIG.
If the air of 2 is sent from the ventilation introduction path 32 to the heat storage device 20,
In addition to the supply of outside air, a part of the air in the living space 12 can be circulated to control the temperature and the humidity. By mixing the room air with the outside air, the temperature and humidity are adjusted to a certain extent, so that the load on the heat storage device 20 can be reduced.

In the heat storage step of FIG. 3, a part of the outside air from the heat storage unit 20 can be supplied to the living space 12 from the switching damper 44 through the first indoor connecting path 52. In any of the above cases, the switching damper 44 can be set to a switching state in which the input flow is split into the output flows in two directions. [Specific Example of Temperature Control] <Cooling of Outside Air in Summer> In the summer, the outside air temperature during the daytime is high, and if the outside air is sent into the living space 12 as it is, the occupants will feel uncomfortable. Further, when the living space 12 is cooled, the indoor temperature rises due to ventilation, and the cooling effect is impaired. However, even in summer, the outside air temperature drops at night.

Therefore, the phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material is set to 26 ° C., for example. At night when the outside air temperature falls below 26 ° C., the heat storage step shown in FIG. 3 is executed. When the outside air at a temperature of 26 ° C. or less is introduced into the heat storage device 20, the phase change heat storage material in contact with the outside air undergoes a phase change from a liquid phase to a solid phase. As a result, cold heat is stored in the phase change heat storage material that has been transformed into the solid phase. When the sunlight becomes strong in the morning and the outside air temperature exceeds 26 ° C., the temperature adjusting process shown in FIG. 1 is executed. When the outside air is introduced into the heat storage device 20, the phase change heat storage material causes a phase change in the outside air exceeding 26 ° C. However, the temperature of the phase change heat storage material does not exceed the phase change temperature until the phase change is completed. Absent. Therefore, the outside air is cooled by contact with the phase change heat storage material. The temperature of the outside air reaches approximately 26 ° C. before being supplied to the living space 12.

The living space 12 is constantly ventilated with fresh outside air of about 26 ° C. to provide a comfortable environment for the occupants. Even if the living space 12 is cooled to, for example, 26 ° C or lower,
Compared to sending the outside air that greatly exceeds 30 ° C. at noon directly into the living space 12, the cooling effect is prevented from being lowered by ventilation, and the load on the cooling device is also reduced. In this case, as long as the amount of cold heat supplied from the phase change heat storage material to the outside air during the daytime does not exceed the amount of cold heat stored in the phase change heat storage material at night, the residential space 12 is obtained by repeating the heat storage process and the temperature control process at day and night. Will always be maintained in a comfortable temperature environment.

In the case where the humidity control material is stored in the heat storage device 20, it is possible to remove excess water from the outside air in summer, which is generally humid, and to ventilate the outside air with little humidity. Of course, when the outside air is too dry, a proper amount of humidity is supplied from the humidity control material. <Warming of outside air in winter> Since the outside air temperature at night is lowered in winter, if the outside air is sent to the living space 12 as it is, the occupants will feel cold. In addition, when the living space 12 is heated, the indoor temperature drops due to ventilation, and the heating effect is impaired. However, even in winter, the outside air temperature rises to some extent during the daytime when there is daylight.

In this case, the phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material is
For example, it is set to 15 ° C. During the daytime when the outside air temperature rises to 15 ° C. or higher, the heat storage step shown in FIG. 3 is executed. When the outside air of 15 ° C. or higher is introduced into the heat storage device 20, the phase change heat storage material is
A phase change occurs from the solid phase to the liquid phase. As a result, warm heat is stored in the phase change heat storage material. When the living space 12 is heated, part of the room air heated by the heating is sent to the heat storage device 20 from the second indoor connecting path 62 and returned to the living space 12 from the first indoor connecting path 52. In this case, relatively high temperature air can be sent to the phase change heat storage material to increase the heat storage amount of the phase change heat storage material. In this case, even if the phase change temperature is set relatively high, heat can be stored due to the phase change.

When the outside air temperature falls below 15 ° C. from the evening to the night, the temperature adjusting process shown in FIG. 1 is executed. When the outside air is introduced into the heat storage device 20, the phase change heat storage material undergoes a phase change in the outside air below 15 ° C. However, the temperature of the phase change heat storage material does not fall below the phase change temperature until the phase change is completed. Absent. Therefore, the outside air is heated by contact with the phase change heat storage material.
After the temperature of the outside air reaches about 15 ° C., it is supplied to the living space 12. The living space 12 is constantly ventilated with fresh outside air at about 15 ° C. to provide a comfortable environment for the occupants. Even if the living space 12 is heated to, for example, 15 ° C. or more, compared to sending cold air that is significantly lower than 15 ° C. at night to the living space 12 directly, a reduction in heating effect due to ventilation and a heating device Burden is reduced.

When the outside air introduced into the heat storage device 20 is introduced into the underfloor space from the outdoor space and then sent to the heat storage device 20, the outdoor low temperature outside air is warmed to a certain extent in the underfloor space and then the heat storage device 20. Therefore, the heat stored in the heat storage device 20 can be effectively used. Normal,
Since the underfloor space maintains around 10 ° C, if the outside air with a temperature of 5 ° C is heated to 10 ° C in the underfloor space and sent to the heat storage device 20, the phase change heat storage material can be heated from 10 ° C to 15 ° C. All you have to do is supply the required thermal energy. <Constant Temperature Controlled Ventilation> Regardless of the daytime or the nighttime, the ventilation by taking in the outside air into the living space 12 shown in FIG. 1 can be continuously performed.

In this case, with the phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material housed in the heat storage device 20 as a boundary point, the outside air having a temperature higher than the phase change temperature is cooled to the phase change temperature before the living space 1
2, the outside air having a temperature lower than the phase change temperature is heated to the phase change temperature and then supplied to the living space 12. In the temperature environment of the building 10, the condition that the phase change temperature is about the middle temperature with respect to the change range of the environment temperature, and the time above the phase change temperature and the time below the phase change temperature are substantially the same. If it can be set to, the inflow and outflow of cold heat and warm heat in the phase-change heat storage material will almost cancel each other out. As a result, the temperature of the living space 12 is continuously maintained near the phase change temperature without switching between the temperature adjustment process and the heat storage process.

Therefore, in order to apply such a ventilation method, it is important to thoroughly study the temperature environment of the building 10 and select a phase change heat storage material having an appropriate phase change temperature characteristic. <Switching of heat storage device> The temperature control ventilation device shown in FIG. 6 switches and operates two heat storage devices 20. The underfloor space 14 of the building 10 is provided with two ventilation systems, that is, the A system and the B system, which are distinguished by subscript English symbols among the numbers given to the respective members.
Each of the ventilation systems A and B includes a heat storage device 20A, 20B and a ventilation introduction path 3 for communicating the outdoor space with the heat storage device 20A, 20B.
2A, 32B, heat storage units 20A, 20B and living space 12
And indoor connecting paths 52A and 52B for communicating with
The ventilation introduction passages 32A, 32B are provided with blower fans 34A, 34B that can be switched between forward and reverse, and the indoor connection passages 52A, 52B.
Also, it is provided with blower fans 54A and 54B that can be switched between normal and reverse directions.

In FIG. 6, first, the temperature control step described above is performed in the ventilation system B. The outside air taken in from the ventilation introduction path 32B is temperature-controlled by the heat storage device 20B and sent into the living space 12 from the indoor connection path 52B. In the ventilation system A, the exhaust process is performed. Air in the living space 12 is allowed to pass from the indoor connecting path 52A through the heat storage unit 20A, and through the ventilation introducing path 32A,
Discharge to the outdoor space. At this time, the hot or cold heat of the air in the living space 12 can be transferred to the phase change heat storage material of the heat storage device 20A. The same operation as the heat storage step described above is performed.

When the hot or cold heat stored in the heat accumulator 20B is reduced in the ventilation system B which is performing the temperature control process, the blower fans 32B and 54B are switched to reverse the air flow direction. Execute the exhaust process. At the same time, in the ventilation system A that was executing the exhaust process, the blower fans 32B and 54A are switched to reverse the air flow, and the temperature adjusting process is executed this time. The heat accumulator 20A has sufficient hot or cold heat stored in the exhaust process, so that the temperature of the outside air sent into the living space 12 can be favorably maintained. By alternately operating the two ventilation systems A and B for the temperature adjustment process and the exhaust process, the heat storage unit 20
The phase-change heat storage material of A and B alternately repeats heat radiation and heat storage due to the opposite phase change, and can always have the outside air sent into the living space 12 in an appropriate temperature control state.

As a specific temperature control condition, the temperature control operation in winter will be described. The temperature of the outside air is 5 ° C. The phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material of the heat storage units 20A and 20B is about 20 ° C.
Set to. In the temperature control process, the outside air at 5 ° C is 18 to 1
Warm up to about 9 ° C and send to the living space 12. In the exhausting process, heat is transferred from the air exceeding 20 ° C. to the phase change heat storage material of the heat storage device 20 due to the activity of the resident in the living space 12 or heating, and the air having a temperature of 20 ° C. or less is exhausted to the outdoor space. It If operated under such conditions, temperature control and heat storage can be efficiently repeated continuously, and the living space 1
The outside air whose temperature has been adjusted appropriately is always supplied to 2.

In the above embodiment, the heat capacity of the heat accumulator 20 can be smaller than that in the method in which the temperature adjusting step and the heat storing step are switched based on the temperature difference between day and night. Although the heat storage device 20 for storing hot or cold heat consumed in the temperature control process for one day becomes considerably large, in the method of repeating the temperature control process and the exhaust process, the temperature control process and the exhaust gas for each cycle. The process time can be set short.
Even if the heat storage capacity of one heat storage device 20 is small and the temperature control process cannot be performed for a long time, it is possible to sufficiently cope with the condition. For example, it is possible to perform control such that the temperature adjustment process and the exhaust process are repeated at intervals of 10 minutes. The heat storage device 20 can be significantly downsized.

Depending on the temperature environment, there is a difference in temperature suitable for good heat exchange between the temperature adjustment process and the exhaust process, and both processes are optimized with one type of phase change heat storage material. Can be difficult. In this case, it is desirable to use the regenerator 20 in which a plurality of phase change heat storage materials having different phase change temperatures are combined, as will be described later. [Use of agglomerate heat storage material carrier] The embodiment shown in FIG.
An agglomerate phase change heat storage material carrier is used. The tubular container 22 of the heat storage device 20 is filled with the agglomerate heat storage material support 72 and the agglomerate humidity control material support 82 divided into front and rear regions.

The agglomerate heat storage material carrier 72 is prepared by supporting a phase change heat storage material on a porous material such as ceramic and crushing it to adjust it to a predetermined particle size. The agglomerate humidity control material carrier 82 also has a humidity control material supported on a porous material such as ceramic, and is adjusted to a predetermined particle size by pulverization or the like. Since such a heat storage material carrier 72 in the form of agglomerates has a large surface area that can be brought into contact with the outside air and has a low ventilation resistance, an efficient temperature control effect can be exhibited. Regardless of the shape of the cylindrical container 22, only a necessary amount of the phase change heat storage material can be stored, and the adjustment of the temperature control function is easy.

A specific example of the agglomerate phase change heat storage material carrier 72 is a heat storage material product GR25 manufactured by RUBITHERM Gmbh. This product is made by supporting a paraffinic organic material on a granular ceramic having a particle diameter of 1 to 3 mm, and its weight composition is 67% ceramic and 33% paraffin. When the bulk density was 0.78 g / cm ³ , the porosity was 42.8%, the melting point was 23.5 ° C., and the freezing point was 25.
Thermal conductivity at 0 ° C., latent heat of 43 kJ / kg, and 15 ° C. of 0.
The property is 13 W / (m · K). [Combination of Heat Storage Materials Having Different Phase Change Characteristics] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, one heat storage device 20 stores a plurality of types of phase change heat storage materials having different phase change characteristics.

The heat storage device 20 is divided into four sections in the front-rear direction. Each compartment has a different phase change heat storage material carrier 7
0a to 70d are stored. The phase change temperature of each of the phase change heat storage material carriers 70a to 70d is set to be gradually increased from 70a to 70d. For example, the phase change heat storage material carrier 70a = 10 ° C., the phase change heat storage material carrier 70b = 14
C., phase change heat storage material carrier 70c = 17.degree. C., phase change heat storage material carrier 70c = 20.degree. It is assumed that such a heat storage device 20 is used to perform the temperature adjustment process shown in FIG. The outside temperature is 5 ° C.

The outside air at 5 ° C. comes into contact with the phase change heat storage material carrier 70a (phase change temperature 10 ° C.) in the heat accumulator 20 for 10
The temperature is adjusted to about ℃. Subsequently, the phase change heat storage material support 70b (phase change temperature 14 ° C.), the phase change heat storage material support 70
c (phase change temperature 17 ° C.), phase change heat storage material carrier 70d
By sequentially contacting (phase change temperature 20 ° C.), the temperature is gradually increased and finally adjusted to about 20 ° C. In this embodiment, the difference between the temperature of the outside air and the temperature at which the temperature is finally adjusted can be made very large. Further, since the individual phase change heat storage material carriers 70a to 70d need only be heated or cooled in a relatively narrow temperature range, a relatively inexpensive and easily available material of the phase change heat storage material is used. It will be possible. Each phase change heat storage material carrier 70a-70d
Is operated near the phase change temperature at which heat can be most efficiently exchanged, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat storage device 20 as a whole is extremely high.

As the number of the phase change heat storage material carriers 70a to 70d having different phase change temperatures accommodated in the heat accumulator 20 or the number of stepwise phase changes increases, more efficient heat exchange is possible. As the number of stages increases, the time and effort to prepare the phase change heat storage material in which the phase change temperature is finely changed increases, and the manufacturing becomes troublesome. Usually, it can be carried out from 2 to 10 steps, and 5
Steps are practical. The difference between the phase change temperatures of the adjacent stages can be set in the range of 1 to 20 ° C, and about 2 ° C is practical. The heat accumulator 20 of the above-described embodiment can efficiently take in warm heat or cold heat of the outside air even in the heat storage step. Even if the outside air temperature fluctuates, the heat storage efficiency can be favorably maintained.

Further, the heat storage unit 20 of the above-described embodiment can of course be used in the exhaust process in the embodiment of FIG. Also in this case, a large amount of heat can be efficiently recovered from the relatively high temperature indoor air through a plurality of stages, and the thermal energy can be effectively used.

[0058]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The method and apparatus for controlling temperature and ventilation according to the present invention include a step of bringing the outside air into contact with the phase change heat storage material to adjust the temperature and then supplying the air to the indoor space, and the outside air or indoor air as the phase change heat storage material. The temperature environment of the indoor space can be maintained comfortably by simply switching appropriately between the process of storing heat in the phase change heat storage material by contacting and then exhausting it, depending on the temperature environment conditions such as the difference between the indoor temperature and the outdoor temperature. be able to. Compared with using an air conditioner to control the temperature, the equipment is much simpler and energy consumption and operating costs can be greatly reduced. Since there is no complicated operating structure equipment, maintenance management is easy and stable performance can be demonstrated over a long period of time.

In particular, in the phase change heat storage material, the temperature of the phase change heat storage material does not change and efficient heat exchange is performed while the temperature control operation by the phase change is being performed. The temperature can be adjusted automatically to almost the same temperature as. Without using a complicated temperature control circuit or temperature controller
Accurate temperature control can be achieved reliably and efficiently. In addition, it is easy to achieve excellent functions of both temperature control and humidity control by combining with a humidity control agent.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a temperature control ventilation device representing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the heat storage device.

FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram showing another process state

FIG. 4 is an overall configuration diagram showing another process state.

FIG. 5 is an overall configuration diagram showing another process state.

FIG. 6 is an overall configuration diagram showing another embodiment of a temperature control ventilation device.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view showing another embodiment of the heat storage device.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view showing another embodiment of the heat storage device.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 houses 12 Indoor space 14 Underfloor space 20 heat accumulator 32 outdoor connection road 34, 44 switching damper 46, 54, 64 blower fan 42 exhaust path 52,62 Indoor connection path 70 Phase change heat storage material carrier 80 Humidity control agent carrier

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Toru Mochida             3-2-1-15, Fukuzumi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido             302 (72) Inventor Isamu Shimakura             2-2-1-1, cold from Nishi-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido (72) Inventor Kiyoka Takeda             5-4-3 Makomanai-Minamimachi, Minami-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido (72) Inventor Shigeo Yoshida             1-4-1, Shinsenri Nishimachi, Toyonaka City, Osaka Prefecture             National Housing Industry Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 3L054 BG10 BH07

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A ventilation method for taking in outside air from an outdoor space of a building to an indoor space, wherein the outside air is brought into contact with a phase change heat storage material in the outside air taking-in path from the outdoor space to the indoor space. And (a) supplying the temperature-controlled outside air to the indoor space, and the outside air or the air in the indoor space taken in from the outdoor space is brought into contact with the phase-change heat storage material to change the phase-change heat storage material. A temperature-controlled ventilation method that includes the step (b) of storing the heat in the room and discharging it to the outdoor space. 2. The step (a) adjusts the outside air by bringing the outside air into contact with a humidity control material and supplies the adjusted outside air to an indoor space, and the step (b) includes the outside air The temperature-controlled ventilation method according to claim 1, wherein the humidity control material is brought into contact with the humidity control material to adjust the water content of the humidity control material, and then discharged to the outdoor space. 3. The method further includes the step (c) of bringing the air in the indoor space into contact with the phase-change heat storage material to control the temperature of the indoor air, and returning the temperature-controlled indoor air to the indoor space again. Item 1
Or the temperature-controlled ventilation method described in 2. 4. A ventilation device for taking in outside air from an outdoor space of a building to an indoor space, wherein the ventilation path allows outside air to flow from the outdoor space to the indoor space, and the ventilation path is disposed in the middle of the ventilation path. A heat storage device that stores a change heat storage material, and in which the outside air flows in contact with the phase change heat storage material; an exhaust path that communicates the outlet side of the outside air with the outdoor space; and the heat storage device. A temperature control ventilation device comprising: switching means for selectively switching the outside air outlet side of the outdoor air communication state to the outdoor space communication state and the outdoor space communication state. 5. The temperature-controlled ventilator according to claim 4, wherein the heat storage device further includes a porous base material carrying the phase change heat storage material. 6. The temperature control / ventilation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the heat storage device further accommodates a humidity control material in addition to the phase change heat storage material. 7. An indoor connection path that branches from the ventilation path and communicates with an indoor space without passing through a heat storage device, a state in which the ventilation path communicates with the heat storage device, and a communication path with the indoor connection path. The temperature control ventilation device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, further comprising: a switching unit that selectively switches between the operating state and the operating state.