JP2003308069A - Pitch conversion processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pitch conversion processing method available as a novel tool to become a help when a beginner or the like composes music. <P>SOLUTION: The pitch conversion processing method has a step for instructing conversion to be suited to the chord progression of a prescribed key with respect to a phrase stored in a storage means for storing play data of the phrase composed of a plurality of measures and the key and chord progression of the phrase, and a step for obtaining a conversion quantity in the pitch of each of the play data by finding the order of the pitch of the respective play data on the scale based upon the key and the chord progression of the phrase stored in the storage means and making the found order correspond to the order of the pitch on the scale determined based upon the chord progression of the key instructed by the above step. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pitch conversion processing method for performing pitch (pitch) conversion processing, and more particularly to a pitch conversion processing method suitable for use when a user composes music.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Generally, there is a desire among music lovers to play their own music. However, it is not easy for a beginner to compose a song because it requires a lot of musical knowledge to compose a song.

For this reason, various tools have been proposed so far for assisting beginners in composing music, but new tools have been developed for users to compose music more easily. Always wanted.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above demands, and its purpose is to use it as a novel tool for helping beginners to compose music. The present invention intends to provide a pitch conversion processing method capable of doing the above.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is a memory for storing performance data of a phrase consisting of a plurality of measures, and key and chord progression of the phrase. Based on the key and chord progression of the phrase stored in the storage means, a pitch scale of each performance data is converted based on the phrase and chord progression stored in the storage means. A step of obtaining a pitch conversion amount of each performance data by obtaining the above-mentioned order and associating the obtained order with the order on the scale determined based on the chord progression of the key designated by the above step. To have.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a musical tone waveform of a phrase consisting of a plurality of measures, pitch information of each part of the phrase, key pitch of the phrase and chord progression are stored in a storage means. A step of instructing the phrase to be converted so as to match the chord progression of a predetermined key, and the pitch of each part of the musical tone waveform based on the pitch and key and chord progression of each part of the phrase stored in the storage means. By obtaining the order on the scale, and by associating the obtained order with the order on the scale determined based on the chord progression of the key instructed in the above step, the conversion amount of the pitch of each part of the musical tone waveform is obtained. And steps.

Therefore, according to the present invention, when the user designates a target key and chord progression, it is possible to obtain performance data and tone waveforms suitable for the key and chord progression.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An example of an embodiment of a pitch conversion processing method according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the following description, in order to facilitate understanding, MIDI data is treated as performance data of material phrases described later and performance data of a musical composition being composed.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a computer system that implements the pitch conversion processing method according to the present invention. This computer system uses a central processing unit (CPU) 10 for its overall operation. It is configured to control. The CPU 10 executes a program stored in a read only memory (ROM) 14 which will be described later, and executes a pitch conversion process which will be described later.

The CPU 10 includes a ROM 14 in which a program executed by the CPU 10 for controlling operations such as pitch conversion processing and performance data of material phrases to be described later are stored via a bus (BUS) 12, and the CPU 1
A random access memory (RAM) 16 which is a working memory in which various buffers and registers necessary for executing a program by 0 are set, and a keyboard for performing various settings when executing pitch conversion processing in this computer system, or This operator system 18 including various operators such as a pointing device such as a mouse, and this computer system such as a display screen (which will be described later with reference to FIG. 2) for performing various settings in the pitch conversion process. Is connected to a display 20 for displaying the operating state in FIG.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a display screen displayed on the display 20 when the pitch conversion processing method according to the present invention is implemented as a music composition tool. This display screen is a display screen used when the user composes using material data (described later). Less than,
Each display area of the display screen shown in FIG. 2 and parameters displayed in the display area will be described in detail.

First, the display area 20a is an area in which the user operates the operator group 18 to select and display the tonality of the music piece that the user intends to compose. Tonality is represented by a key and major / minor information. In the example shown in FIG. 2, "Cmaj" is displayed in the display area 20a, "C: C key" is selected as the key, and "maj: Major key" is selected as the major / minor information, and the composition target It is displayed that "Cmaj: C major" has been selected as the tonality of the song.

The display area 20b is an area in which the user operates the operator group 18 to select and display the tempo of the music piece that the user wants to compose. In the example shown in FIG. 2, “120” is selected and displayed as the tempo.

The display area 20c is an area in which the user operates the operator group 18 to select and display the bar number of the music piece that the user wants to compose. In the example shown in FIG. 2, “17” to “32” are selected and displayed as the bar numbers.

The display area 20d is an area where the user operates the operator group 18 to select and display a chord indicating a chord progression of a musical piece which the user intends to compose corresponding to each bar number. Is. In the example shown in FIG. 2, “C” is selected and displayed as the code of bar number 17 to bar number 20, bar number 23 to bar number 24, bar number 27 and bar number 29 to bar number 32. 21 to bar number 22 and bar number 26
“F” is selected and displayed as the chord of “No.”, and “G” is selected and displayed as the code of bar number 25 and bar number 28.

The display area 20e is an area for displaying performance data of a piece of music that the user intends to compose.
In the example shown in FIG. 2, an example in which performance data is composed of multi-tracks is shown. Specifically, five tracks, Track 1 (Tr. 1), Track 4 (Tr. 4), Track 5 (Tr. 5), Track 6 (Tr. 6) and Track 8 (Tr. 8) are displayed. Has been done. As described later, the user drags and drops the material phrase into the display area 20e,
Composing can be performed by appropriately combining material phrases.

The display area 20f is an area showing a material phrase list which is a list of performance data of material phrases stored in the ROM 14. The material phrase list is shown in a format in the order of the serial number in the list, the phrase name, and the frequency as a function of the chord displayed in the measure of the phrase. In the example shown in FIG.
"1 piano 1111" to "68 flute
68 types of material phrases "2233" are shown.

Here, the material phrase stored in the ROM 14 is performance data stored in units of one bar.
For each material phrase, the pitch, tone color, tonality (key and major / minor information) and chord frequency are set for each note constituting the performance data of each material phrase.

Here, the chord frequency indicates the pitch (pitch difference) from the tonic, which is the key of the tonality, to the root of each chord on the diatonic scale. is there.

The diatonic scale is a tone train consisting of five whole tones and two half tones in one octave. There is a tonic that is the central tone, and other tones on the scale have some meaning (function) with respect to the tonic. The representatives of the diatonic scale are the major scale (long scale) and the minor scale (minor scale). The chromatic scale is a chromatic scale, 1
It is a tone train composed of 12 semitones in an octave.

On the editing screen (not shown), if the image is enlarged in the horizontal direction, the frequency of the chord in note units is displayed, and editing is possible.

The display area 20g is an area for displaying control buttons for performing an operation as a composition tool. Explaining each of these control buttons, the top button (Top) is for cueing the performance data of the composed music piece, and the rewind button (Rew) is for rewinding the performance data of the composed music piece. The fast-forward button (FF) is for fast-forwarding the performance data of the composed song,
The end button (End) is for displaying the end of the performance data of the composed music, and the play button (Pl
ay) is for starting the reproduction of the performance data of the composed music, the pause button (Pause) is for temporarily stopping the progress of the performance data of the composed music, and the stop button (Stop) is This is for stopping the progress of the performance data of the composed music.

Next, FIGS. 3 to 4 are explanatory views showing the pitch conversion table stored in the ROM 14 diagrammatically. The pitch conversion table is the table 1 shown in FIG.
And a table 2 shown in FIG. 4, which is used in the pitch conversion processing described later.

First, as preprocessing for processing in Table 1, octave information, which is range information, and key information of tonality are removed from the phrase before conversion, and the phrase is placed on the basic scale of only the major / minor information described above. Express it as a sequence.

Here, the "basic scale" is a scale obtained by removing two of the octave information corresponding to the musical range and the key information of the tonality of the music of the original phrase, that is, the information in the pitch direction of the pitch. is there.

In Table 1, the notes of the material phrase, which is the original phrase to be pitch-converted, are chromatically numbered as MIDI note numbers (pitch). The conversion processing is performed in order on the diatonic scale based on the sex major / minor information and the frequency of the chord.

On the other hand, in Table 2, what is expressed in the order on the basic scale of only major / minor information is converted into the order on the target scale, and the order on the diatonic scale is also changed to the chromatic scale. It is a table that corresponds to MIDI note numbers that are converted in the above order and are chromatically numbered.

In these Tables 1 and 2, the major / minor information "Maj" represents major and "m".
"in" represents a minor. Since the first half of Table 1 and Table 2 is a major table, the rows of the I, IV, and V scales of the three major chords are in uppercase, and the latter half of Table 1 and Table 2 are minor tables. Therefore, the rows on the scales III, VI, VII are capitalized. Further, in these Table 1 and Table 2, "x" indicates that there is no corresponding sound, that is, that there is no sound.

In the above-mentioned configuration, when the display screen shown in FIG. 2 is displayed on the display 20, the display portion of each display area can be selected using the pointing device or the keyboard constituting the operator group 18. By dragging and dropping, the types and values of the parameters in each display area are set and composition is performed.

Next, a process will be described in which the user composes the material phrase based on the material phrase and incorporates the material phrase into the music composition.

First, one material phrase is selected from the material phrase list displayed in the display area 20f.

Next, the material phrase selected from the material phrase list is dragged and dropped to the position of the desired beat of the desired bar of the desired track in the display area 20e, whereby the composition phrase of the material phrase is obtained. Can be captured and synthesized.

When the material phrase is dragged and dropped as described above, the pitches of the sounds of the material phrase are displayed in the display area 20a according to the pitch conversion processing method described in detail below. Display area 2
Converted to match the code displayed in 0d,
It will be combined with the performance data of the music composition.

An example of the embodiment of the pitch conversion processing method will be described in detail below. First, the following parameters (1) to (8) used in this pitch conversion processing method will be described.

(1) Indicates the note number (pitch) of each note of a material phrase (hereinafter, referred to as "original phrase" as appropriate) that is the conversion source of NX pitch conversion (note number of MIDI data is chromatic The numbers are scaled.).

(2) KO Indicates the tonality key of the original phrase.

(3) TO Indicates the major / minor information of the tonality of the original phrase.

(4) CO Indicates the chord frequency of the original phrase.

(5) NY Each pitch-converted note of the original phrase, that is, the note number of the target phrase, is shown.

(6) KT It is a tonality key which is a target at the time of pitch conversion, and is the tonality key displayed in the display area 20a in this embodiment.

(7) TT This is the major / minor information of the tonality which is the target at the time of pitch conversion, and in this embodiment, the major / minor information of the tonality displayed in the display area 20a.

(8) CT This is the frequency of the chord which is the target at the time of pitch conversion, and is the frequency of the code displayed in the display area 20d in this embodiment.

Among the above parameters, K
The keys indicated by O and KT are "C = 0, C # = 1, D =
2, ..., B = 11 ”and digitized. Further, in the major / minor information indicated by TO and TT, the major is represented as “major = [Maj]” and the minor is “minor =” like the scale conversion tables shown in FIGS.
[Min] ".

Next, the processing procedure (steps 1 to 3) of the pitch conversion processing method will be described in order. When the user sets the tonality in the display area 20a and the chord progression in the display area 20d, selects material data from the display area 20f, and drags and drops the material data into the display area 20e, the following steps are performed. By performing the processing shown, the material data is pitch-converted in note units, and is converted so as to match the tonality shown in the display area 20a and the chord progression shown in the display area 20d.

1. Step 1 Using Equation 1, processing for obtaining the value PX from which octave information is removed from NX is performed. Here, PX indicates a note name without octave information on the original tonality (key and major / minor information) scale.

Mathematical Expression 1 PX = NX% 12 (Note that the mathematical expression “NX% 12” in this specification means the remainder when NX (note number) is divided by 12). Step 2 Step 2 is the same as Step 2-1 and Step 2-2.
It consists of one process.

Step 2-1 The value P obtained by removing the key information from the PX using the equation 2
Y (PY is a value indicating the order (floor name) on the basic scale of only major / minor information by removing the key information from PX).

Formula 2 PY = (PX-KO) * 12
(Note that in this specification, the mathematical expression "* 12" is
It means the remainder when “(PX-KO)” is divided by 12 and expanded to a negative value. ) Step 2-2 By referring to Table 1 using Equation 3,
Find PN from PY. The PY is an order on the basic scale in which only the major / minor information is removed by removing the octave information and the key information, and is represented by the chromatic order of MIDI note numbers. PN refers to Table 1 and, based on the major / minor information of the tonality of the original phrase and the frequency of the chord, in PY, the representation in the order on the chromatic scale is followed by the order on the diatonic scale. It is converted into the one expressed in.

Formula 3 PN = table1 [TO]
[CO] [PY] 3. Step 3 Using Expression 4, the table 2 is referenced using the value of PN as an index, and table2 [TT] [CT] is a value indicating the order on the scale corresponding to the frequency of the pitch-converted chord.
[PN] is obtained, and the pitch conversion amount is obtained based on the obtained value indicating the order on the target scale and the value indicating the order on the basic scale in which only the major / minor information of the original phrase that is PY is used. Ask for PT.

Formula 4 PT = (KT-KO) + tab
le2 [TT] [CT] [PN] -table2 [T
O] [CO] [PN] Here, since the table 2 corresponds to the inverse function of the table 1, the formula 5 is established.

Formula 5 table2 [TO] [CO]
[PN] = PY Furthermore, Equation 6 PS = table2 [TT] [CT] [P
N] to obtain Equation 7 PT = (KT-KO) + PS-PY. Note that "KT-KO" indicates the pitch difference between the key before pitch conversion and the target key after pitch conversion, that is, the pitch difference between the tones before and after the transposition.

Therefore, in the case of handling MIDI data, the note number after pitch conversion is obtained by performing the operation of Equation 8 NY = NX + PT.

When audio data is used instead of MIDI data, pitch conversion may be performed at a ratio of "2 to the (PT / 12) th power".

The audio data in this case is
It is data in which only melody is recorded without accompaniment, etc., and is divided into sections for each note, and tonality (key and major / minor information) and chord progression information for each note are also recorded. It is a thing.

As an example of specific pitch conversion processing, an example of pitch conversion when the phrase shown in FIG. 5 is used as the original phrase will be described below. The original phrase shown in FIG. 5 is a key of tonality KO = 0 Tonal major / minor key information TO = Maj chord frequency CO = I note number NX = {60, 62, 6
4,65,67,67} are provided, and the note name is a doremysoso.

In the example of the pitch conversion processing, first, the pitch-converted phrase is converted so that the tonality remains in C major (Cmaj) and the chord matches the F chord.

Here, the tonality after pitch conversion is Key of tonality KT = 0 Tonal major / minor information TT = Maj And the code of F is Code frequency CT = IV It has a parameter called.

Under the above conditions, the above step 1
The process shown in to step 3 is sequentially performed. This will be described with reference to FIGS. First, from NX, "PX = N
If X% 12 "is calculated, PX = {0,2,4,5,7,7}. From this PX and KO, "PY = (PX-KO) *
12 ”, PY = {0,2,4,5,7,7}.

When PN is obtained from table1 [Maj] [I] [PY], PN = {0,1,2,3,4,4} is obtained (see FIG. 5). As a result, PY major /
Only minor information, no octave information or key information,
You can see the number of sounds on the basic scale. Furthermore, since the MIDI note number of the original phrase is an expression on the chromatic scale, it was converted to an expression on the diatonic scale as PN.

Next, as described above, the phrase after the pitch conversion has the following parameters: key key KT = 0 key major / minor key information TT = maj chord frequency CT = IV As described above, since PN = {0,1,2,3,4,4}, from table2 [Maj] [IV] [PN], table2 [T] = {5,7,9,11,12 , 1
2} = PS is obtained, and the pitch conversion amount PT is Is obtained (see FIG. 6).

Here, NX = {60, 62, 64, 6
5,67,67}, MIDI based on this
Once you get the data, Pitch (note that the note name is "Facilities
It is "do". ) Phrase is obtained by the pitch conversion process.

Therefore, for the user, an arbitrary material phrase is set at an arbitrary position in the music, and the display area 20 is displayed.
By the simple operation of designating the tonality (key and major / minor information) of the musical composition to be created in a and designating the chord (frequency) of each note in the display area 20d, the specified tonality (key and major / minor information). The pitch conversion of the original data is automatically performed according to the minor information) and the chord (frequency).

Next, the case where the original data shown in FIG. 5 is pitch-converted and the pitch-converted phrase is converted so that the chord matches Cm while the tonality remains C major (Cmaj). To do.

Here, the tonality after pitch conversion is Key of tonality KT = 0 Tonal major / minor information TT = min And the code of Cm is Code frequency CT = i It has a parameter called.

In this case, from table2 [min] [i] [PN], table2 [T] = {0,2,3,5,7,7} = P
S is obtained, Is obtained.

Here, NX = {60, 62, 64, 6
5,67,67}, MIDI based on this
Once you get the data, Pitch (note that the note name is "Dremy Flat
Fasoso ”. ) Phrase is obtained by the pitch conversion process.

Next, a case will be described in which the original data shown in FIG. 5 is pitch-converted, and the pitch-converted phrase is converted so that the tonality is C major (Cmaj) and the code matches Fm. To do.

Here, the tonality after pitch conversion is Key of tonality KT = 0 Tonal major / minor information TT = min And the code of Fm is Code frequency CT = iv It has a parameter called.

In this case, from table2 [min] [iv] [PN], table2 [T] = {5,7,8,10,12,1
2} = PS is obtained, Is obtained.

Here, NX = {60, 62, 64, 6
5,67,67}, MIDI based on this
Once you get the data, Pitch (note name is "Flatora's Flat Flat Flat Dod") is obtained by pitch conversion processing.

Next, the original data shown in FIG. 5 is pitch-converted, and the pitch-converted phrase is Dm7-for the first five notes with the tonality still in C major (Cmaj).
A case in which the last one sound is 5 and is converted to match Cm will be described.

Here, the tonality after pitch conversion is the key of the tonality KT = 0 the major / minor key information of the tonality TT = min, and the chords of Dm7-5 and Cm are the chord frequencies CT = ii, i (Dm7-
5 is “CT = ii” and Cm is “CT = i”. ) Is provided.

In this case, from table2 [min] [ii, i] [PN], table2 [T] = {2,3,5,7,8,7} = P
S is obtained, Is obtained.

Here, NX = {60, 62, 64, 6
5,67,67}, MIDI based on this
Once you get the data, The pitch of the pitch (note name is “Flatso of Remi's Flat Faso”) is obtained by the pitch conversion process.

In the above-described embodiment, the pitch conversion processing method according to the present invention is applied to the case where the performance data of a phrase and the key and chord progression of the phrase are stored, but the present invention is not limited to this. It goes without saying that the musical tone waveform of a phrase, the pitch information of each part of the phrase, the key and chord progression of the phrase may be stored.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the pitch conversion processing method according to the present invention is used for the composition tool has been described, but it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to a synthesizer or a sequencer. Of course, it may be applied.

Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the diatonic scale is used in the table 2 or the like during the pitch conversion processing, but conversion is performed using the chromatic scale from the beginning to the end of the pitch conversion processing. May be.

[0079]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to provide a pitch conversion processing method that can be used as a new tool to assist beginners in composing music. It has an excellent effect of becoming.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block configuration diagram showing an overall configuration of a computer system that implements a pitch conversion processing method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a display screen displayed on a display when the pitch conversion processing method according to the present invention is implemented as a composition tool.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a table 1 (table1) of a pitch conversion table stored in a ROM.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a table 2 (table2) of a pitch conversion table stored in a ROM.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a processing procedure of a pitch conversion processing method according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a processing procedure of a pitch conversion processing method according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 Central processing unit (CPU) 12 Bus (BUS) 14 Read-only memory (ROM) 16 Random access memory (RAM) 18 Operator group 20 display

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A conversion instruction for a phrase stored in a storage means for storing performance data of a phrase consisting of a plurality of measures and a key and chord progression of the phrase so as to be adapted to a chord progression of a predetermined key. Based on the key and chord progression of the phrase stored in the storage means, the order on the scale of the pitch of each performance data is determined, and the determined order is determined based on the chord progression of the key designated by the step. And a step of obtaining a pitch conversion amount of each performance data by making it correspond to the order on the scale. 2. A musical tone waveform of a phrase consisting of a plurality of measures, pitch information of each part of the phrase, and a phrase stored in a storage means for storing the key and chord progression of the phrase are adapted to a chord progression of a predetermined key. The step of instructing conversion, based on the pitch, key and chord progression of each part of the phrase stored in the storage means, the order of the pitch of each part of the musical tone waveform on the scale is obtained, and the obtained order is And a step of obtaining a pitch conversion amount of each part of the musical tone waveform by making it correspond to the order on the scale determined based on the chord progression of the key designated by the step.