JPH01288900A - Singing voice accompanying device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To accompany a singer with a tone which he desires by providing a melody storage part where melody is preliminarily held and a tone determining part which analyzes the singing voice to obtain a transposition width in accordance with the interval difference between results and the fundamental melody in the melody storage part. CONSTITUTION:Melody information of music which the singer will sing is preliminarily stored in a melody storage part 2 as a time series of intervals and lengths of respective notes of melody. Accompaniment data for the melody is stored in a fundamental accompaniment data storage part 4 in the same manner as melody information and is converted to a form of automatic playing by the control of a plying control part 6. The singer sings several measures in an interval, where he can easily sing them, at a microphone 1 to input his singing voice to a tone determining part before formal singing, and the transposition width is determined. An accompaniment data generating part 5 transposes l intervals of accompaniment data in the fundamental accompaniment data storage part 4 in accordance with said transposition width, and the playing control part 6 accompanies the singer with the tone which he desires.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a singing accompaniment device that can play accompaniment in a key and tempo that is easy for a singer to sing.

(Conventional technology) Traditionally, there have been two methods for accompaniment to singing: a method in which a person actually performs (Method 1), and a method in which a performance recorded on a tape or compact disc called karaoke is played back (Method 2).
) is used within the membrane. Furthermore, in recent years, automatic performance by computer (Method 3) has also been used.

When singing accompaniment is played using these conventional methods, the key and tempo of the song are often predetermined. However, except when the key and tempo are set for a specific singer, when the singer is undefined, such as in karaoke, the set key and tempo are not necessarily easy for the singer to sing. If the key or tempo is not appropriate, it will be difficult or impossible to sing, or you will not be able to enjoy the song. In such a case, any singer can enjoy the song if the key or tempo can be changed to a tune that is easier for the singer to sing.

In the conventional method, when changing the key or tempo, method 1
In this case, it is possible to change the key and tempo by instructing the accompaniment performer before the actual singing. Instructions can be given by simply singing a part of the song in a key and tempo that the singer is comfortable with. The accompaniment performer listens to the key and tempo from the singer's voice and performs.

In method 2, the recorded performance is simply played back, so basically the key and tempo cannot be changed freely.

In some cases, the key or tempo could be made higher or lower than the standard value by changing the running speed of the tape. In this case, increasing the speed of the tape would increase the key and tempo, and conversely, decreasing the speed of the tape would decrease the key and tempo, making it impossible to change both independently.

Method 3 is a method that has come into use due to the recent development and price reduction of electronic equipment, and is a method in which a computer performs automatic performance according to performance data. Automatic performance under computer control can be performed using a product dedicated to automatic performance such as Yamaha's QX3, a general-purpose computer such as NEC's PC9801, and commercially available automatic performance software. In the case of method 3, changing the key or tempo is possible if the automatic performance control program has such a function, and commercially available programs have this function as a basic function. As an automatic performance control program, for example, ``RCX-PC98'' by ``Kamon Myunsoku Co.''
There is commercially available software called ``.With this software, you can change the key and tempo by inputting them from the alphanumeric keyboard of your computer.To change the key, change the transposition range from the key of the current accompaniment data. specify.

The transposition width is the degree of transposition, and is specified in degrees of pitch. For example, if you want to raise the pitch of the original accompaniment data by two degrees,
Transpose +2 to the entire pitch of the accompaniment data. For the tempo, enter the number of quarter notes per minute.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) Prior art Method 1 does not require a singer to operate the equipment, but always requires a performer, and the performer can also perform in any key or speed. requires ability.

Therefore, it was not possible to easily perform vocal accompaniment.

Furthermore, in method 2, it is possible to easily provide accompaniment to a singing voice. However, since it only plays back recorded performances,
As mentioned above, the key and tempo can only be changed slightly by changing the tape running speed. In that case, if the key goes up, the tempo goes up, and conversely, if the key goes down, the speed goes down.
As such, it is not possible to change the two independently. Another drawback was that if the tape running speed was changed too much, the performance became difficult to listen to.

In method 3, the key and tempo can be changed freely, but in order to do so, either there must be an operator who knows how to operate the automatic performance device, or the singer must know how to operate it.

Additionally, the singer needs to know how much to transpose and what tempo values to set, and unless the singer is a musical expert, you can actually have them play in different keys and speeds. It is necessary to determine the key and speed by trial and error by looking at the song.Also, a device such as a musical instrument or metronome that knows the desired key and tempo is required.As mentioned above, changing the key and tempo using method 3 is possible when the singer The problem was that it was not something that could be easily changed on the spot, and it took time and effort.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a singing accompaniment device that allows a singer to easily set the key and tempo that the singer is comfortable singing immediately before singing without the operator's help.

(Means for Solving the Problems) A singing voice accompaniment device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention includes means for inputting a voice singing a part of a song, and storing melody information as pitch and length information. a melody storage section, a key determination section that analyzes the input singing voice and determines a transposition range using the melody information in the melody storage section, and a basic accompaniment data storage section that stores musical information necessary for performance as basic accompaniment data. an accompaniment data creation section that creates accompaniment data by transposing the basic accompaniment data in the basic accompaniment data storage section by the transposition width determined by the key determination section; and a performance control section that performs a performance according to the created accompaniment data. It is characterized by having.

A singing voice accompaniment device according to a second aspect of the present invention includes a means for inputting a voice singing a part of a song, a melody storage section for storing melody information as pitch and length information, and an analysis of the input singing voice. a key tempo determination section that determines the transposition range and tempo using the melody information in the melody storage section; a basic accompaniment data storage section that stores musical information necessary for performance as basic accompaniment data; and a basic accompaniment data storage section. an accompaniment data creation section that transposes the basic accompaniment data by the transposition range determined by the key tempo determination section and creates accompaniment data set at the same determined tempo; and a performance control section that performs a performance according to the created accompaniment data. It is characterized by having.

(Function) The first aspect of the present invention is to analyze a singer's singing voice to determine the key, create accompaniment data in the determined key, and have the data automatically played by a computer as a singing accompaniment. Therefore, the singing accompaniment device of the present invention is provided with a melody storage section that holds melodies in advance, and a key determination section that analyzes the singer's singing voice and determines the transposition range from the pitch difference between the basic melody and the melody storage section. According to the present invention, a singer can specify a desired key just by singing and without the need for an operator. The operating principle of the present invention will be explained below.

First, the melody of a predetermined song is stored in the melody storage section as pitch and length information. Here, the melody stored in the melody storage section will be referred to as a basic melody. It is also assumed that the song that the singer will sing is known in advance.

Before the formal singing, the singer sings part of the beginning of the song at a pitch that is comfortable for him or her. The singing voice is sequentially A/D converted and captured as waveform data. The waveform data is analyzed and
Converted into time series power data and pitch data. To obtain the power data and pitch data, for example, a generally well-known method using an autocorrelation function can be used. The pitch extraction method is described in "Digital Speech Processing" (written by Sadakake Furui) published by Tokai University Publishing, pages 57 to 59.
A variety of schemes are known and can be used, as described on page 1.

Next, segmentation is performed to obtain intervals for each note of the melody from the power data. As a segmentation method, there is a method of examining the amount of change in power data over time. Thresholds THI and TH2 of the amount of power change are determined in advance, and the time when the amount of power change exceeds the threshold THI is the start time of the sound, and the time when the amount of negative change exceeds the threshold TH2 is the time when the sound starts. This is the end time.

Once the tone intervals are determined, the pitch of each note is determined from the average pitch of each -note interval. Here, since the song input by the singer and the basic melody are the same song, the relative value between the pitches of the singer's melody should be the same as that of the basic melody. This fact is used to associate the singer's melody with the notes of the basic melody. That is, it is determined which note of the singer's melody each note of the basic melody corresponds to. This process is performed to remove noise and the like.

Once the correspondence between notes is determined, the pitch difference between both melodies can be determined as the transposition width. Once the transposition range is determined, accompaniment data can be easily created by transposing the previously stored basic accompaniment data by the transposition range.

As described above, by providing a key determining section that analyzes the singing voice, detects the melody and its pitch, and determines the transposition range, it is possible to realize a singing voice accompaniment device that can easily perform singing accompaniment in the key intended by the singer. become.

Next, the principle of the singing accompaniment device according to the second aspect of the present invention will be explained. In the present invention, a key tempo determination section is provided which determines the tempo in addition to determining the key from the singing voice according to the first invention. The tempo is determined as follows.

First, similar to the first invention, the singer sings the beginning part of the song. At this time, the singing should be done not only in pitch but also in a tempo that is easy for the singer to sing.
It is D-converted, analyzed, and converted into time-series power data and pitch data.

Similar to the first invention, melody segmentation is performed from the power data, pitches are determined from the average pitch of each interval, and the notes of the singer's melody and the basic melody are correlated. Once the notes are mapped, the tempo can be calculated from the duration of the singer's melody. This is because the number of notes of the basic melody sung by the singer and the length of time the singer sang it are required. From this, the average time length of quarter notes can be determined and the tempo can be obtained.

The transposition range can be determined from the pitch difference of the melody using the same method as in the first invention.

As described above, by providing a key tempo determining section that analyzes the singing voice, determines the melody, its pitch, and length, and determines the transposition range and tempo, it is possible to easily provide singing accompaniment in the key and tempo that the singer intends. This means that it is possible to realize a singing voice accompaniment device that can perform the following functions.

(Example) Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a singing accompaniment device according to a first aspect of the present invention.

Melody information of a song sung by a singer is stored in the melody storage section 2 in advance. The melody information represents the pitch and length of each note of the melody in chronological order. If the melody of a song sung by a singer is shown, for example, on the five-line notation shown in FIG. 3, the melody information can be expressed as shown in FIG. Here, the length of a note is expressed as a numerical value when the length of an eighth note is set as 1.

The basic accompaniment data storage section 4 also includes a melody storage section 2.
Accompaniment data for the melody is stored. Accompaniment data includes note serial numbers, as well as melody information.
It is expressed as information such as pitch and length, and is converted into a format that can be played automatically under the control of the performance control section 6.

Now, before the formal singing, the singer sings a few measures from the beginning of the song at a pitch that is comfortable for him or her. A singing voice is input from microphone 1 to the key determining section.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the processing in the key determining section. The input singing voice is sequentially converted into waveform data by the A/D converter 31. The power pinch extraction unit 32 performs analysis using, for example, an autocorrelation method, and converts the waveform data into time-series power data and pitch data.

The segmentation unit 33 performs segmentation to determine the start time and end time of each note of the melody from the obtained amount of change in power.

Here, the threshold values for the amount of power change are predetermined as THl and TH2 (THI is the threshold value for determining the start time, and TH2 is the threshold value for determining the end time.

FIG. 6 shows the state of segmentation. 5
ttx (x is the note number) is the start time, and entx is the end time.

Next, the pitch determining section 34 determines the pitch based on the average value of the pitches between the start time and end time of each note. FIG. 7 shows pitch data, the average value of the pitch data of a tone interval, and the determined pitch, with the vertical axis representing pitch and the horizontal axis representing time. The pitch is indicated by C (do), D (shi), E (mi), F (fa), G (so), A (u), B (shi), and a number representing the height in octave units. As shown in the figure, each note of the melody is set to the pitch closest to the average value of the pitch data.

In the melody correspondence section 35, correspondence between notes is performed between the basic melody in the melody storage section and the singer's melody obtained as described above.

That is, it is determined which note of the singer's melody the serial number of the note of the basic melody corresponds to. This process is performed sequentially from the first note of the melody, while checking the relative values of the pitches. Here, when a certain part of the singer's melody, A note corresponds to B note of the basic melody, A
The sound following the sound will be called the A' sound, and the sound following the B sound will be called the B° sound. The correspondence is confirmed by checking whether the relative pitch values of note A and A'W are the same as those of note B and B' of the basic melody. If they are the same, the A' and B' sounds are considered to correspond, and the A' sound is changed to the A sound, the Bl sound to the B sound, and the same operation is performed for subsequent sounds. If they are different, the A' note of the singer's melody is regarded as noise and is skipped, and the same operation is performed with the next note as the A' note. FIG. 8 shows the process. In FIG. 8, the third note of the singer's melody is considered noise and is skipped.

It should be noted that the determination of correspondence may be performed by allowing a certain range of pitches, for example, by determining that the pitches correspond if the pitch difference is within +1 degree.

The transposition width determination unit 36 determines the pitch width between the associated notes, and outputs it as the transposition width. In the example of FIG. 8, the transposition width is +2 degrees.

When the transposition width is determined as described above, the accompaniment data creation section 5 creates accompaniment data in which all pitches of the accompaniment data except for the rhythm bart in the basic accompaniment data storage section 4 are raised by two degrees.

Finally, in the performance control section 6, when the singer sings, the singing accompaniment is played according to the created accompaniment data.

Next, the second aspect of the present invention will be explained. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the singing accompaniment device according to the second invention. In the second invention, a key tempo determining section 7 is provided which extracts the tempo in addition to the key from the singing voice, thereby realizing an accompaniment performance having the key and tempo desired by the singer.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the processing of the key tempo determining section in FIG. 2. Similar to the first invention, after A/D conversion from the singing voice in the A/D conversion section 31, the waveform is analyzed in the power pitch extraction section 32 to obtain power and pitch,
A segmentation unit 33 performs segmentation using the amount of change in power. Next, the pitch determining section 34
The pitch is determined in the same manner as in the first invention, and in the melody mapping section 35, the melody in the melody storage section 2 and the melody of the singer are correlated.

Next, the tempo determination section 71 determines the tempo.

Since the number of notes of the melody sung by the singer can be determined by melody mapping, the tempo is calculated from this and the melody duration. That is, by determining the number of beats of quarter notes sung by the singer, the tempo, which is the number of quarter notes per minute, can be obtained from the melody duration. For example, if you sing two songs in 4/4 time, that is, 8 beats of quarter notes in 5 seconds, the tempo will be 8 beats * 8.
It can be determined as follows: 0s15s=96.

In the first transposition width determination WJ36, the transposition width is determined in the same manner as in the first invention.

As described above, when the tempo and transposition range are determined, the accompaniment data creation unit 5 sets the tempo to the accompaniment data in the basic accompaniment data storage unit 4, and changes all intervals of the accompaniment data except the rhythm part twice. The accompaniment data that has been raised is created.

Finally, when the singer sings, the accompaniment control section 6 plays vocal accompaniment according to the created accompaniment data.

(Effects of the Invention) With the singing accompaniment device according to the first aspect of the present invention described above, the singer can simply sing a part of the song in advance, without the need for an operator or complicated operations, and in the key the singer desires. Can play accompaniment. In addition, there is no restriction on the range of key changes found in conventional karaoke tapes, and there is no difficulty in hearing the performance due to changes in tape running speed, and the quality of the performance does not deteriorate in any key.

Furthermore, in the singing accompaniment device according to the second invention of the present invention,
Since you can freely set not only the key but also the tempo, you can enjoy more comfortable singing accompaniment.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the second invention of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a staff score showing an example of a melody stored in the melody storage unit 2 in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example in which the melody shown in FIG. 3 is expressed as melody information of pitch and length. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the state of processing in the key determining section 3 in FIG. 1. Figure 6 shows the fifth
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the processing of the segmentation unit 33 in the diagram. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the processing in the pitch determining section 34 in FIG. 5. FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the processing in the melody mapping section 35 in FIG. 5. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the state of processing in the key tempo determining section 7 in FIG. 2. In the figure, 1...Microphone, 2...Melody storage section, 3...Key determining section, 4...Basic accompaniment data storage section, 5...Accompaniment data creation section, 6...Performance control Section 7... Key tempo determination section, 31... A/D conversion section, 32... Power pitch extraction section, 33... Segmentation section, 34.
... Pitch determination section, 35... Melody correspondence section, 36
...Transposition width determining section, 71... Tempo determining section.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A means for inputting a voice singing a part of a song, a melody storage unit that stores melody information as pitch and length information, and a melody storage unit that analyzes the input singing voice and uses the melody information in the melody storage unit. a key determining unit that determines the transposition range by using the key determining unit; a basic accompaniment data storage unit that stores musical information necessary for performance as basic accompaniment data; 1. A singing voice accompaniment device comprising: an accompaniment data creation section that creates accompaniment data by transposing the key by a width; and a performance control section that performs a performance according to the created accompaniment data. (2) A means for inputting a voice singing a part of a song, a melody storage unit that stores melody information as pitch and length information, and a melody storage unit that analyzes the input singing voice and uses the melody information in the melody storage unit. a key tempo determining unit that determines the transposition range and tempo; a basic accompaniment data storage unit that stores musical information necessary for performance as basic accompaniment data; and a key tempo determining unit that stores the basic accompaniment data in the basic accompaniment data storage unit. A singing voice accompaniment device comprising: an accompaniment data creation unit that creates accompaniment data that transposes in a determined transposition range and sets a similarly determined tempo; and an accompaniment control unit that performs a performance in accordance with the created accompaniment data. .