JP2003294822A - Three-dimensional intensity probe, three-dimensional sound-source direction detector using the same, three- dimensional sound-source direction facing controller as well as method and apparatus for three-dimensional intensity measurement - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a three-dimensional intensity probe by which sound waves from respective directions in a three-dimensional space are separated easily and which is of high detection accuracy. <P>SOLUTION: A center microphone 11 and a first peripheral microphone 12 to a third peripheral microphone 14 which are respectively nondirectional are provided. The first to third peripheral microphones 12 to 14 are arranged and constituted so as to draw a right-angled triangular pyramid in which the faces of right-angled congruent isosceles triangles form three faces excluding the base when the sound-wave incident-face centers 15, 21, 22, 23 of the microphones 11 to 14 are connected. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a three-dimensional intensity probe for measuring sound intensity in a three-dimensional space, a three-dimensional sound source direction detecting device using the probe, a three-dimensional sound source direction face-to-face control device, and a three-dimensional intensity sensor. The present invention relates to a city measuring method and device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Sound intensity is the intensity of sound and represents the ratio of the amount of energy per unit area.
The sound intensity is a vector quantity having a magnitude and a direction, and the sound source direction can be detected by measuring the vector quantity.

Conventionally, a probe (three-dimensional intensity probe) used to detect the direction of a sound source in a three-dimensional space is a microphone (hereinafter abbreviated as a microphone).
There is one in which four microphones are provided, one in the center and the other three are arranged at symmetrical positions around a microphone (center microphone) positioned in the center (see Non-Patent Document 1). Also, three directions (front and back,
There is also an intensity measuring microphone (three-dimensional intensity probe) in which microphones that are oriented at right angles to each other are provided in the vertical and horizontal directions (see Patent Document 1). Further, there is also a device that measures a sound image localization direction using a dummy head microphone placed in the measurement room (see Patent Document 2).

[0004]

[Non-Patent Document 1] FJ Fahy, translated by Hideki Tachibana, Heisei 1
May 20, 0, "Sound Intensity", published by Ohmsha Co., Ltd. (Page 127, Figure 6.5).

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-167984

[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-336800

[0005]

However, in the three-dimensional intensity probe described in Non-Patent Document 1, three microphones (sound-incident surface) arranged around the central microphone are used.
Are all directed in the same direction (the same front direction as the central microphone), and the sound waves from each direction in the three-dimensional space cannot be easily separated, so the resolution of the sound source direction detection is low and the detection accuracy is low. was there. Especially, it was remarkable on the high frequency side.

Further, the three microphones arranged around the central microphone must be selected to have the same characteristics (sensitivity, phase, etc.), or the frequency range of the sound wave to be detected can be easily changed. There was also a problem that I could not do it. Furthermore, when a three-dimensional sound source direction detection device and a sound source direction facing control device are configured using this type of three-dimensional intensity probe, the detection accuracy of the three-dimensional sound source direction and the control target face the three-dimensional sound source direction. There was also a problem in that the accuracy of the operation was reduced. The probe described in Patent Document 1 is the same as the above-described conventional technique in that three microphones for one microphone are on the same plane and are oriented in the same direction, and the same problems as described above are encountered. Had. Also,
The sound image localization direction measuring device described in Patent Document 2 cannot obtain (output) a signal including a three-dimensional element in a sound detection unit (microphone) from a speaker.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional intensity probe with high detection accuracy. Another object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional intensity probe having high detection accuracy for sound waves (sound) from each direction of the three-dimensional space even on the high frequency side. Further, the present invention relates to three microphones arranged around the central microphone,
The electrical characteristics can be easily aligned, so it is not necessary to select a microphone with the same characteristics from the beginning,
In addition, it aims at providing the three-dimensional intensity probe which can change the frequency range of the sound wave to detect easily.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional sound source direction detecting device having high three-dimensional sound source direction detection accuracy, and a three-dimensional sound source direction facing control device having high accuracy in which a controlled object is faced in the three-dimensional sound source direction. And

Further, according to the present invention, a three-dimensional intensity probe having a high degree of freedom in design, a simple three-dimensional intensity probe, and a three-dimensional intensity measurement capable of easily measuring a three-dimensional sound intensity at a desired position in a measuring chamber. It is an object to provide a method and a device.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above object, the three-dimensional intensity probe according to claim 1 is provided with an omnidirectional central microphone and first to third peripheral microphones, respectively. In the first to third peripheral microphones, each triangle drawn by connecting the center of each sound wave incident surface of the pair of adjacent peripheral microphones and the central microphone,
It is characterized in that the sound wave incident surfaces of the central microphones are arranged at positions that form congruent right-angled isosceles triangles at right angles, with their sound wave incident surfaces facing the sound wave incident surface center direction of the central microphone.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the distance between the central microphone and the first to third peripheral microphones is adjustable.

The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2.
In the invention described in (1), a correction sound wave output speaker that emits a correction sound wave for equalizing the electrical characteristics of the first to third peripheral microphones is added.

A three-dimensional sound source direction detecting device according to a fourth aspect of the invention includes an omnidirectional center microphone and first to third peripheral microphones, respectively, and the first to third peripheral microphones are a pair of adjacent peripherals. Each triangle drawn by connecting the center of each sound-incident surface of the microphone and the central microphone,
Each microphone of the three-dimensional intensity probe is arranged so that its sound wave incident surface is directed toward the center of the sound wave incident surface of the central microphone, at positions where congruent right-angled isosceles triangles having a right angle are formed in the central microphone portion. An apparatus for detecting the direction of a three-dimensional sound source from an output signal from the apparatus includes a characteristic correction circuit for aligning the electric characteristics of the microphones forming the three-dimensional intensity probe.

A three-dimensional sound source direction-to-face control device according to a fifth aspect of the invention includes an omnidirectional center microphone and first to third peripheral microphones, respectively, and the first to third peripheral microphones are adjacent to each other. The sound-incident surface of each of the peripheral microphones and the center microphone is connected to the center microphone so that each triangle drawn by connecting the centers of the sound-incident surfaces becomes a congruent right-angled isosceles triangle having a right angle in the center microphone portion. Of the three-dimensional intensity probe arranged toward the center of the sound wave incident surface, and three-dimensional sound source direction detecting means for detecting the three-dimensional sound source direction by the output signal from each microphone of the three-dimensional intensity probe; A drive device for directing a desired controlled object in the direction of the sound source detected by the three-dimensional sound source direction detecting means. And it features.

A three-dimensional intensity probe according to a sixth aspect of the present invention comprises an omnidirectional central microphone and first to third microphones.
A third peripheral microphone is provided, and each of the first to third peripheral microphones is formed by connecting a pair of adjacent peripheral microphones and a center point of each sound wave incidence surface of the central microphone, and each triangle is drawn so that the angle at the central microphone portion is a right angle. The sound wave incident surface center points are positioned so as to form a congruent right-angled isosceles triangle.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to the sixth aspect, the first to third peripheral microphones are positioned and fixed through a frame for connection with the central microphone, and the connection frame is appropriately positioned. It is characterized in that the ear hook is formed to extend from.

The three-dimensional intensity measuring method according to the eighth aspect of the present invention is an omnidirectional central microphone and first to third
A third peripheral microphone is provided, and each of the first to third peripheral microphones is formed by connecting a pair of adjacent peripheral microphones and a center point of each sound wave incidence surface of the central microphone, and each triangle is drawn so that the angle at the central microphone portion is a right angle. The three-dimensional intensity probe, in which the center point of the sound wave incident surface is positioned so as to form a congruent right-angled isosceles triangle, has a size close to or smaller than the pinna of the dummy head, and The three-dimensional intensity probe, which is detachably formed on the auricle and attached to the left and right auricles of the dummy head, measures the three-dimensional sound intensity at a desired position in the measurement room where the dummy head is placed. It is characterized by

A three-dimensional intensity measuring apparatus according to a ninth aspect of the present invention is an omnidirectional central microphone and first to third microphones.
A third peripheral microphone is provided, and each of the first to third peripheral microphones is formed by connecting a pair of adjacent peripheral microphones and a center point of each sound wave incidence surface of the central microphone, and each triangle is drawn so that the angle at the central microphone portion is a right angle. The three-dimensional intensity probe, in which the center point of the sound wave incident surface is positioned so as to form a congruent right-angled isosceles triangle, has a size close to or smaller than the pinna of the dummy head, and It is detachably formed on the auricle, and is attached to the left and right auricles of the dummy head placed at a desired position in the measurement chamber.

[0019]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a three-dimensional intensity probe according to the present invention, FIG.
Is a diagram schematically showing the same three-dimensional intensity probe from the upper side of FIG. 1 (probe schematic front view), FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the positional relationship of each microphone in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is shown in FIG. Three
It is a side view of a dimensional intensity probe.

That is, the three-dimensional intensity probe of the present invention has a central microphone 1 as shown in FIGS.
1 and the first to third peripheral microphones 12 to 14.
In this case, the microphones 11 to 14 are omnidirectional microphones,
Here, an ECM (Electret Condenser Microphone) is used.

First, second and third peripheral microphones 12, 1
Reference numerals 3 and 14 denote microphones that are individually directed in the x-, y-, and z-axis directions of the three-dimensional space. The central microphone 11 fixed at an arbitrary position is attached to the sound wave incident surface (vibration plate surface) 11a side, that is, When viewed from the front side of the probe, they are arranged with the positional relationship shown in FIG.

That is, the first to third peripheral microphones 12 to 1
In FIG. 2, reference numeral 4 indicates the center 15 of the position of the central microphone 11 (more specifically, the central position of the sound wave incident surface of the central microphone 11).
The sound wave incident surfaces 12a of the circles 16 of appropriate diameters (radius r) are arranged at substantially equal rotation angles (120 °) on the circumference.
14a (more specifically, sound wave incident surface centers 21 to 23)
Are directed toward the center of the sound wave incident surface 11a of the central microphone 11. Reference numerals 17 to 19 are sound wave incident surface central axes (lines) of the peripheral microphones 12 to 14 showing this state. When viewed from the side, the peripheral microphones 12 to 14 have a pair of adjacent peripheral microphones 12, 13, 13, 14 or 14, 1 adjacent to each other.
2 and the center of each sound wave incident surface between the central microphone 11 (3 points) 1
5,21,22,15,22,23 or 15,23,2
Each triangle drawn by connecting 1 is arranged so as to be a congruent right-angled isosceles triangle whose angle (internal angle) in the central microphone 11 portion is a right angle (see FIG. 3). That is,
The sound wave incident surface centers 15, 21, 2 of the microphones 11-14
When 2 and 23 are connected, the contiguous isosceles right triangles form a right-angled triangular pyramid that forms three faces excluding the bottom face. Here, in this specification, "right angle"
And include "almost right angle".

In such a three-dimensional intensity probe, mutually different signals are output from the peripheral microphones 12 to 14 based on the difference in the three-dimensional arrangement of the peripheral microphones 12 to 14 with respect to the central microphone 11. At this time, as described above, the microphones 11 to 14 have their sound wave incident surface centers 1
When 5, 21, 22, and 23 are connected, the congruent right-angled isosceles triangles are arranged in a right-angled triangular pyramid forming three surfaces except the bottom surface. Sound waves from can be easily separated, and high detection accuracy can be obtained. Further, all of the peripheral microphones 12 to 14 have their sound wave incident surfaces 12 a to 14 a on the sound wave incident surface 11 of the central microphone 11.
Arranged toward the center of a, that is, symmetrically arranged, so that sound waves from any direction in the three-dimensional space are
Since the conditions of sound diffraction are the same, higher detection accuracy can be obtained.

Further, the illustrated three-dimensional intensity probe has a central microphone 11 and first to third peripheral microphones 12 to 14.
The respective intervals L between and are easily adjustable while maintaining the shape of the right-angled triangular pyramid. An example of the configuration will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 4, the microphone 12 and the portion related to the microphone 12 are directly behind the microphone 13 and the portion related to the microphone 13 and are hidden.

That is, the microphones 11 to 14 are movable in the directions of the sound-incident surface central axes 24 and 17 to 19, respectively, and can be fixed at arbitrary positions along the central axis direction. Here, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the microphones 11 to 14 are respectively supported by the columns 26 to 29 having the telescopic structure 25 (refer to FIG. 1 for 27; the same applies hereinafter), and the central axes 24 and 17 of the sound wave incident surfaces thereof, respectively. It is configured such that it can be moved back and forth in the ~ 19 direction, and can be fixed at any position by fixing means (not shown) such as screwing. In this case, the pillar 26 of the central microphone 11 is directly attached to the mounting base 30, but
2 to 14 columns 27 to 29 are sub columns 31 to 33, respectively.
(Refer to FIG. 1 for 31. The same applies hereinafter.)
It is attached to 0.

The columns 27 to 29 are supported by the sub columns 31 to 33 via the microphone holders 34, and the positions of the columns 27 to 29 can be slightly adjusted by the microphone holders 34 in the length direction of the sub columns 31 to 33. In addition, the rear end side of the pillar 26 of the central microphone 11 penetrates the mount 30 and the central microphone 1
It is projected to the side opposite to 1, and the projecting portion can be used also as a handle when the probe is oriented in a desired direction.

The central microphone 11 and the first to third peripheral microphones 1
Each interval L with 2 to 14 is basically adjusted uniformly,
The value (dimension) is set according to the main frequency or frequency band of the sound wave emitted from the sound source (detection target) whose direction is to be detected. Adjustment of each interval L, in other words, selection of a frequency or a frequency band to be detected can be easily performed by expanding and contracting the columns 26 to 29 by the telescopic structure 25. The adjustable range of the distance L is, for example, 6 mm to
Although it is set to about 50 mm, the interval L is adjusted to a smaller value as the frequency to be detected is higher. As an example, when the frequency to be detected is 4 kHz and 1/2 inch microphones are used for the microphones 11 to 14, the distance L is adjusted to about 8 mm. According to such a configuration, since the intervals L can be adjusted, high detection accuracy can be obtained in a wide frequency range. In particular, if each interval L can be adjusted to be small, high detection accuracy can be obtained even on the high frequency side.

FIG. 5 exemplifies a three-dimensional intensity probe provided with a correction sound wave output speaker 51 which emits a correction sound wave for aligning the electrical characteristics of the peripheral microphones 12 to 14, mainly sensitivity and phase. . In FIG. 5, the microphone 12 and the portion related to the microphone 12 are hidden just behind the microphone 13 and the portion related to the microphone 13 as in FIG. 4, but the configuration of these portions is as shown in FIG. The configuration is the same as that shown in FIG. The correction sound wave output speaker 5
1 is attached coaxially with the support column 26 on the center axis of the sound wave incident surface of the center microphone 11, here in the middle of the support column 26 of the center microphone 11.

According to the three-dimensional intensity probe provided with the correction sound wave output speaker 51 as described above, each microphone 1 is output while the predetermined sound wave is output from the speaker 51.
The microphones 11 to 14 and mainly the peripheral microphones 12 to 1 are simply input by inputting the output signals of the microphones 1 to 14 to a characteristic correction circuit described later.
It is possible to realize the correction for aligning the sensitivity and phase of 4. When performing such characteristic correction, the microphones 11 to 1
As described above, 4 is the center of the sound wave incident surface 15,2.
When the 1, 22, and 23 are connected, the arrangement configuration is drawn in which the surfaces of the congruent right-angled isosceles triangles form the right-angled triangular pyramid forming three surfaces except the bottom surface.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional sound source direction detecting device using the three-dimensional intensity probe and characteristic correction circuit shown in FIG. In the figure, 61 is a reference numeral 3 to which the correction sound wave output speaker 51 shown in FIG. 5 is attached.
It is a dimensional intensity probe. Reference numeral 62 denotes a characteristic correction circuit, here, a sensitivity / phase correction circuit, and as described above, the peripheral microphones 12 to 14 of the probe 61 (see FIG. 1).
It has the function of electrically aligning the sensitivity and phase of.

The analyzer 63 is a circuit that analyzes and detects the direction of the three-dimensional sound source, that is, the direction of the sound source in the three-dimensional space, from the output signals of the microphones 11 to 14 (see FIG. 1) that form the probe 61. Specifically, each microphone 11
The sound pressure received by each of the microphones 11 to 14 is obtained from the output signals of -14, the phase shift of the sound waves reaching the peripheral microphones 12-14 from the sound source is obtained by measuring the phase, and the vector of the sound waves received by the probe 61 is obtained. An FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analyzer or the like that measures a quantity (size and direction in a three-dimensional space) is used.

The output device 64 uses the analyzer 63
It is a device that informs the external of the detection result of the three-dimensional sound source direction,
Examples thereof include a device that displays the direction of a sound source on a screen and a device that informs by sound. Specifically, the center (x, y, z =) of the cross section (z = 0) of the central axis 24 (see FIG. 1) of the sound wave incident surface of the central microphone 11 of the probe 61.
0,0,0), the positive direction of the y-axis is upward, the negative direction is downward, the negative direction of the x-axis is leftward, and the positive direction is rightward on the screen. An example of the display device is a device for displaying and displaying the sound source direction obtained by the analyzer 63 in the area within the circle by blinking points or the like. In the case of this device, for example, if the probe 61 (central microphone sound wave incident surface 11a) is directed directly in front of the sound source, a blinking point is displayed at the center position (origin position) of the display circle, and the sound source is in front of the probe. I understand. When there is a sound source in a direction of 45 ° in elevation, which is directly above the direction in which the probe 61 is directed, a + y coordinate set in advance as 45 ° of elevation, just above the center position of the display circle (the positive direction of the y-axis). A blinking point is displayed at the position, and the sound source is just above the direction in which the probe 61 is actually facing, and the elevation angle is 4
It can be seen that it is in the 5 ° direction. In addition, the sound wave incident surface 11a (see FIG. 1) of the central microphone 11 of the probe 61 is set to a spherical shape.
A hemispherical wire model that represents the depth in the direction perpendicular to the screen is displayed on the screen assuming that it is the center of the equally divided cross section, and the direction of the sound source obtained by the analyzer 63 is indicated by an arrow (the sound source is It may be a display device that displays a dot or the like when the probe is directly in front. Further, there is a voice generating device or the like for notifying the contents of the sound source direction displayed by dots or arrows on these display devices by a synthetic voice.

According to the three-dimensional sound source direction detecting device using such a sensitivity / phase correction circuit, even if the peripheral microphones 12 to 14 having no uniform sensitivity / phase are used, their characteristics (sensitivity / phase) are detected. ) Can be treated as if they were complete. That is, the output signal of the sensitivity / phase correction circuit 62 can be used as the output signal of the peripheral microphones 12 to 14 with uniform sensitivity and phase, and can be used as the peripheral microphones 12 to 14 from the many manufactured microphones. You can save the trouble of selecting a microphone that has the same characteristics.

Microphones 11 to 1 having uniform sensitivity and phase characteristics
4, particularly when the peripheral microphones 12 to 14 are used, the sensitivity / phase correction circuit 62 in the figure can be omitted, and the three-dimensional intensity probe does not have the correction sound wave output speaker 51 (see FIG. 1). Can be used.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional sound source direction facing control apparatus using the three-dimensional intensity probe shown in FIG. This three-dimensional sound source direction face-to-face control device is a three-dimensional intensity probe 7 shown in FIG.
1, an analyzer 63 and a drive device 72 for a controlled object 73.

The analyzer 63 is a circuit similar to that shown in FIG. 6, and analyzes and detects the three-dimensional sound source direction. The drive device 72 is a device that directs (faces) the controlled object 73 in the analysis result of the three-dimensional sound source direction by the analyzer 63, that is, in the detected three-dimensional sound source direction. Analyzer 6
If the analysis and detection results of No. 3 are configured to be updated continuously or at every slight time, the present facing control device is a device that always directs (follows) the controlled object 73 in the direction of the three-dimensional sound source, that is, three-dimensional. It can be made to function as a sound source direction tracking device.

As the controlled object 73 of such a three-dimensional sound source direction face-to-face control device or a three-dimensional sound source direction follow-up device,
Examples thereof include a TV camera, a sound collecting microphone, a floodlight, and the like, and they are useful for displaying an image of a speaker in a video conference, recording the sound of birds and birds, locating their location by the sound of the sound, and lighting for crime prevention.

In the above-mentioned three-dimensional sound source direction detecting device, the FFT analyzer is used for the circuit for detecting the three-dimensional sound source direction from the output signal of each microphone constituting the probe, but the present invention is not limited to this. .

FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing an embodiment of a three-dimensional intensity probe having a configuration different from those of FIGS. 1 to 4 from the front side of the central microphone. Like the probe shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the probe shown in this figure has an omnidirectional central microphone 11 and first to third peripheral microphones 12 to 1, respectively.
4, the sound wave incident surface 1 of each of the microphones 11 to 14 is provided.
The directions of 1a to 14a are not limited at all, and the sound wave incidence surface 11
The positions of the centers (points) of a to 14a are configured in the same manner as in FIGS. That is, the peripheral microphones 12 to 1
4 is a pair of adjacent peripheral microphones 12, 13, 13, 1
4 or 14, 12 and the central point of each sound wave incident surface of the central microphone 11, 15, 21, 22, 15, 22, 23 or 15, 2
Each triangle drawn by connecting 3, 21 is the center microphone 11.
Each of the sound wave incident surface center points 1 so that the angle (interior angle) in each part is a congruent right angled isosceles triangle.
5, 21 to 23 are positioned (see FIG. 3). In other words, the sound wave incident surface center points 21, 22, 23 of the peripheral microphones 12, 13, 14 in FIG.
y and x axes (sound wave incident surface central axes 17, 18, 19 in FIG. 3)
Which corresponds to the center point 2 of the sound wave incident surface in the present invention.
1, 22 and 23). And this z,
The y and x axes are orthogonal to each other with the center point 15 of the sound wave incident surface of the central microphone 11 as the origin, and the center point 1 of the sound wave incident surface 1
The microphones 11 to 14 are positioned so that the sound wave incident surface center points 21, 22 and 23 are spaced at equal intervals from point 5 (origin).

The three-dimensional intensity probe shown in FIG. 1 has the sound wave incident surfaces 12a-14 of the peripheral microphones 12-14.
Since a is oriented toward the center of the sound wave incident surface 11a of the central microphone 11, when used for three-dimensional sound source direction detection, etc.,
There is an advantage that the detection direction by the probe is easy to understand. However, when omnidirectional microphones are used for the microphones 11 to 14, the directions of the sound wave incident surfaces 11a to 14a are indispensable for measuring the three-dimensional intensity and detecting and analyzing the three-dimensional sound source direction based on the measurement result. Not a condition. As described above, if the sound wave incident surface center points 15 and 21 to 23 are positioned, the same action and effect as the three-dimensional intensity probe shown in FIG. 1 can be obtained, and the probe shown in FIG. Is the realization of that. Figure 8
The probe shown in is a sound wave incident surface 1 of the first peripheral microphone 12.
2a shows an example in which the sound wave incident surface 11a of the central microphone 11 is oriented in the same direction, and the others are the same as those of the three-dimensional intensity probe shown in FIG. 2, that is, FIG. According to the present invention, as compared with the probe shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the sound wave incident surfaces 11a to 14a of the microphones 11 to 14 are compared.
The degree of freedom in design increases as much as you do not have to consider the orientation of.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the ear-hook type three-dimensional intensity probe to which the invention illustrated in FIG. 8 is applied, and FIG. 10 shows the probe from the direction of arrow a in FIG. FIG. 11 is a diagram (probe schematic side view), and FIG. 11 is a diagram (probe schematic front view) shown in the direction of arrow B in FIG. The probes illustrated in FIGS. 9 to 11 are for the right ear. For the left ear, the probe shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 has a shape seen through from the back side of each illustrated surface.

As shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the first to third peripheral microphones 12 to 14 are located in front of the central microphone 11 (in the direction opposite to arrow B in the figure) and in the side (opposite arrow A in the figure). Direction)
And downward, the connecting frames 91 to 91 with the central microphone 11.
It is positioned and fixed via 93. The connecting frames 91 to 93 are made of steel fine wires or the like in order to reduce the diffraction of sound waves at this portion. Further, appropriate portions of the connecting frames 91 to 93, for example, the connecting frame 93
An ear hook 94 having a shape similar to that of not-shown spectacles or ear hook type earphones is extended and formed from the tip side portion of the
It can be freely attached to and detached from a human body (not shown) or an auricle of a dummy head described later. Note that reference numeral 95 in the figure denotes a microphone output code derived by bundling output signal lines from the microphones 11 to 14.
This ear-mounted three-dimensional intensity probe is shown in FIG.
Since the exemplary invention is applied to the peripheral microphone 12,
The center points 21, 22 and 23 of the sound wave incident surfaces of 13 and 14 are 3
It is on the z, y, and x axes of the dimensional space. And this z,
The y and x axes are orthogonal to each other with the center point 15 of the sound wave incident surface of the central microphone 11 as the origin, and the center point 1 of the sound wave incident surface 1
Needless to say, the microphones 11 to 14 are positioned so that the distances from the 5 (origin) to the sound wave incident surface center points 21, 22, and 23 are equal to each other.

In the example shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the microphone 1 is used.
The sound wave incidence surfaces 11a to 14a of 1 to 14 are all in the same direction, here, the front surface. However, each microphone 11-14
Since all are omnidirectional, the directions of the sound wave incident surfaces 11a to 14a are not limited to the examples shown in FIGS.

12 to 14 are views showing an embodiment of an ear-hook type three-dimensional intensity probe in which the sound wave incident surfaces 11a to 14a are directed in directions different from those in FIGS. 9 to 11. FIG. Is a perspective view, FIG. 13 is a view from the direction of arrow A in FIG. 12 (probe schematic side view), and FIG. 14 is a view from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 12 (probe schematic front view).
Is. The probes illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 14 are for the right ear. Similar to FIGS. 9 to 11, the left ear has a shape in which the probe shown in FIGS. 12 to 14 is seen through from the back side of each illustrated surface. 12 to 14, the invention illustrated in FIG. 8 is applied, and the sound wave incident surfaces 12a to 14a of the peripheral microphones 12 to 14 are set to the sound wave incident surface 1 of the central microphone 11.
3 illustrates an ear-hook type three-dimensional intensity probe directed toward the center of 1a.

The above-mentioned ear-hook type three-dimensional intensity probe is shown in FIG. 9 and FIG.
4 and the microphone output cord 95 portion, that is, the size of the microphone 11-14 portion, for example, to a size approximate to the average value of a certain number of auricles (ears) of Japanese adults,
Alternatively, it is smaller than that and is detachably formed on the auricle. That is, the above-mentioned ear-hook type three-dimensional intensity probe is provided with convenience. In addition,
The size of the microphones 11 to 14 refers to, for example, the outer dimensions of a container (not shown) that can accommodate the microphones 11 to 14 connected by the connecting frames 91 to 93. In addition, the size of the auricle refers to, for example, the external dimensions of a rectangular parallelepiped having the maximum vertical, horizontal, and depth dimensions of the auricle, and is an example of a three-dimensional intensity probe formed to have a size smaller than the auricle. Examples of the probe include a probe having dimensions as illustrated in FIGS. In any case, microphone 1
It is customary to set the size of the 1st to 14th parts to the size of a person's auricle (ear) or smaller.
According to such an ear-hook type three-dimensional intensity probe, the three-dimensional intensity probe is used by being hung on the auricle of a worker who performs three-dimensional sound source direction detection and intensity measurement, that is, without using the hand of the worker. In addition, it can be easily attached and detached, which is extremely convenient in use.

FIG. 15 to FIG. 18 are views showing an embodiment of a three-dimensional intensity measuring apparatus using the above-mentioned miniaturized three-dimensional intensity probe in both ears of the dummy head. FIG. 15 is a front view, and FIG.
Is a left side view, FIG. 17 is a right side view, and FIG. 18 is a plan view. This three-dimensional intensity measuring device comprises a three-dimensional intensity probe 97 (97L, 97R) and a dummy head 98. The three-dimensional intensity probe 97 (97L, 97R) is basically an ear-hook type three-dimensional intensity probe to which the probe illustrated in FIG. 8 is applied. Here, the ear-hook type three-dimensional intensity probe shown in FIGS.
L is for the left ear and 97R is for the right ear. Note that in FIGS. 15 to 18, the connection frame 91 in FIGS.
˜93, ear hook 94 and microphone output cord 95 are not shown. In addition, the probe 97 (97L, 97R)
Alternatively, the three-dimensional intensity probe shown in FIGS. 12 to 14 may be used. The dummy head 98 is an experimental tool that imitates the head of a human body as shown in the drawing, and the material of the dummy head 98 is acoustically approximated to the head of the human body as well as the external shape. Here, a value approximated to the average value of a certain number of heads of Japanese adults is used.

The above-mentioned three-dimensional intensity probes 97L and 97R for hooking on the ears are separately attached to the left and right auricles (ears) 98L and 98R of the dummy head 98, respectively. Three-dimensional sound intensity is measured at a desired position in a measurement room (not shown) such as a sound room. According to such a three-dimensional intensity measuring device, the three-dimensional intensity probe has a size close to or smaller than the auricles 98L and 98R of the dummy head 98, and can be detachably attached to the auricles 98L and 98R. Since the ear-hook type three-dimensional intensity probes 97L and 97R formed in the above are used, it is possible to easily measure the three-dimensional acoustic intensity at a desired position in the measurement chamber.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing an example of a sound image visualization device for performing sound image detection and localization (sound image localization) using the three-dimensional intensity measuring device shown in FIGS. 15 to 18 in a measurement room. is there. In this figure, the three-dimensional intensity probes 97L and 97R are shown in FIGS.
Left and right pinna 98L, 98R of the dummy head 98 shown in FIG.
Each of which is mounted on the measurement room (not shown) in which left and right speakers are installed,
Or, it is placed at a plurality of positions and the sound intensity at each of the plurality of positions is measured. The FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analyzers 99L and 99R are the above probe 9
The sound intensity measurement results of a plurality of positions in the measurement room by 7L and 97R are analyzed, and data for visualizing the sound image generated by the sounds generated from the left and right speakers in the measurement room is output. This output is interface 100
It is given to the computer 101 via L and 100R. The computer 101 processes the input data and causes the output device 102 to output the detection position of the sound image by the sound generated from the left and right speakers in the measurement room (three-dimensional space). The output is the measurement chamber and the probes 97L and 97R (dummy head 98) in the measurement chamber,
It is performed by printing on a paper surface or displaying on a monitor screen so that each position of the left and right speakers and the sound image (position in the three-dimensional space) can be understood. The three-dimensional intensity probe for the left ear and the three-dimensional intensity probe for the right ear in the above-described embodiments may be connected to each other to form a left-right integrated three-dimensional intensity probe.

[0049]

As described above, according to the invention described in claim 1, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional intensity probe with high detection accuracy. According to the second aspect of the invention, it is possible to arbitrarily adjust the frequency or frequency band of the sound wave emitted from the sound source (detection target) whose direction is to be detected. Therefore, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional intensity probe as an acoustic intensity measuring device that can obtain high detection accuracy in a wide frequency range including the high frequency side. According to the invention described in claim 3, the electric characteristics of the three microphones arranged around the central microphone can be easily made uniform, and therefore, it is not always necessary to select the microphones having the same characteristics from the beginning. The effect can be exhibited.

According to the invention described in claim 4, 3
It is possible to provide a three-dimensional sound source direction detection device with high detection accuracy of the three-dimensional sound source direction. Further, according to the invention described in claim 5, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional sound source direction facing control device capable of facing a controlled object such as a television camera in the three-dimensional sound source direction with high accuracy.

According to the sixth aspect of the invention, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional intensity probe having high detection accuracy and high design flexibility. According to the invention of claim 7, in the invention of claim 6, a simple three-dimensional intensity probe can be obtained. In particular, in order to measure sound image localization in a room, etc., a measurement result obtained by hanging such a simple three-dimensional intensity probe on the ear of a measurement operator and a measurement by the auditory sense when the probe is removed from the ear are used. It is possible to provide an extremely useful three-dimensional intensity probe that can be easily compared and can measure the correlation between physical quantity and psychological quantity. Further, according to the invention described in claims 8 and 9, in the dummy head placed at a desired position in the measurement room, the three-dimensional sound intensity is measured in a state close to an actual human hearing, particularly easily measured. It is possible to provide a three-dimensional intensity measuring method and device capable of performing the above.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a three-dimensional intensity probe according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the above probe from the upper side of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a positional relationship of each microphone in FIG.

4 is a side view of the probe shown in FIG. 1. FIG.

FIG. 5 is a side view illustrating a three-dimensional intensity probe provided with a correction sound wave output speaker.

6 is a block diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional sound source direction detecting device using the probe and the sensitivity / phase correction circuit shown in FIG.

7 is a block diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional sound source direction face-to-face controller using the probe shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing an embodiment of a three-dimensional intensity probe having a configuration different from that of FIG. 1 from the front side of the central microphone.

9 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of an ear-hook type three-dimensional intensity probe to which the invention illustrated in FIG. 8 is applied.

10 is a view showing the same probe as shown in the direction of arrow a in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a view similarly showing a direction of an arrow B in FIG. 9.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an embodiment of an ear-hook type three-dimensional intensity probe in which a sound wave incident surface is directed in a direction different from that of FIG. 9;

13 is a view (schematic side view of the probe) showing the same probe in the direction of arrow a in FIG.

FIG. 14 is a diagram similarly showing the direction of the arrow B in FIG.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a three-dimensional intensity measuring apparatus using the ear-hook type three-dimensional intensity probe shown in FIG. 9.

16 is a left side view of FIG.

FIG. 17 is a right side view of the same.

FIG. 18 is a plan view of the same.

19 is a block diagram showing an example of a sound image visualization device that performs sound image detection and sound image localization using the three-dimensional intensity measuring device shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 Central Microphone 12 to 14 First to Third Peripheral Microphones 11a to 14a Sound Wave Incident Surfaces 15, 21 to 23 Sound Wave Incident Surface Centers (Points) 16 Circles 91 to 93 Connection Frame 94 Ear Racks 97L, 97R Left and Right Ears Vertical three-dimensional intensity probe 98 Dummy heads 98L, 98R Left and right auricles (ears)

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Kazuyuki Yamada             Aichi Prefecture Kaibu-gun Kanie-cho Large-scale character Sunari character Yanagase Minamino             Address 2546 (72) Inventor Ou             1-1-2-1409 Daiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Moto Atsushi             3-4-17-702 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Toshiya Miyauchi             11-17 Johokucho, Tsuchiura City, Ibaraki Prefecture (72) Inventor Ryuichi Uchida             1-12-17 Kamirenjaku, Mitaka City, Tokyo             Den Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshiyuki Hirata             1-12-17 Kamirenjaku, Mitaka City, Tokyo             Den Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 5D018 BB23 BB25                 5J083 AA05 AB20 AC07 AC28 AD18                       AF04 BC04 BC10 BE43 CA07

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. An omnidirectional center microphone and first to third peripheral microphones are provided, wherein the first to third peripheral microphones connect a pair of adjacent peripheral microphones and a center of each sound wave incident surface of the central microphone. The triangles drawn in Figure 2 are arranged at positions where they become congruent right-angled isosceles triangles whose angles in the central microphone portion are right angles, with their sound wave incident surfaces facing the center of the sound wave incident surface of the central microphone. A three-dimensional intensity probe characterized by. 2. The three-dimensional intensity probe according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the central microphone and the first to third peripheral microphones is adjustable. 3. A correction sound wave output speaker for emitting a correction sound wave for equalizing the electrical characteristics of the first to third peripheral microphones is added.
The three-dimensional intensity probe described in 1. 4. An omnidirectional center microphone and first to third peripheral microphones are provided, wherein the first to third peripheral microphones connect a pair of adjacent peripheral microphones to the center of each sound wave incident surface of the central microphone. The triangles drawn with are arranged at positions where they become congruent right-angled isosceles triangles whose angles in the central microphone portion are right angles, with their sound wave incident surfaces directed toward the sound wave incident surface center direction of the central microphone. An apparatus for detecting a three-dimensional sound source direction by an output signal from each microphone of the three-dimensional intensity probe, comprising a characteristic correction circuit for aligning electric characteristics of each microphone constituting the three-dimensional intensity probe. Three-dimensional sound source direction detection device. 5. An omnidirectional center microphone and first to third peripheral microphones are provided, and the first to third peripheral microphones connect the center of each sound wave incident surface of the pair of adjacent peripheral microphones and the center microphone. The triangles drawn with are arranged at positions where they become congruent right-angled isosceles triangles whose angles in the central microphone portion are right angles, with their sound wave incident surfaces directed toward the sound wave incident surface center direction of the central microphone. A three-dimensional intensity probe, a three-dimensional sound source direction detecting means for detecting a three-dimensional sound source direction by an output signal from each microphone of the three-dimensional intensity probe, and a direction of a sound source detected by the three-dimensional sound source direction detecting means. A three-dimensional sound source direction face-to-face control device comprising: a drive device for directing a desired control target. 6. An omnidirectional center microphone and first to third peripheral microphones, respectively, wherein the first to third peripheral microphones are provided with a pair of adjacent peripheral microphones and a center point of each sound wave incident surface of the center microphone. A three-dimensional intensity probe in which the center points of the sound wave incident surfaces are positioned so that the connected triangles are congruent right-angled isosceles triangles whose angles in the central microphone portion are right angles. 7. The first to third peripheral microphones are positioned and fixed via a frame for connection with a central microphone, and ear hooks are formed to extend from appropriate portions of the frame for connection. The three-dimensional intensity probe according to item 6. 8. An omnidirectional center microphone and first to third peripheral microphones, respectively, wherein the first to third peripheral microphones are provided with a pair of adjacent peripheral microphones and a center point of each sound wave incident surface of the center microphone. A three-dimensional intensity probe in which the center points of the sound wave incident surfaces are positioned so that the connected triangles are congruent right-angled isosceles triangles in which the angle in the central microphone portion is a right angle is a dummy head. The size of the dummy head is smaller than or equal to that of the auricle and is detachably formed on the auricle, and the dummy head is placed by the three-dimensional intensity probes attached to the left and right auricles of the dummy head. Measuring method of three-dimensional sound intensity at a desired position in a measured chamber 9. An omnidirectional center microphone and first to third peripheral microphones are provided, wherein the first to third peripheral microphones are provided with a pair of adjacent peripheral microphones and a center point of each sound wave incident surface of the central microphone. A three-dimensional intensity probe in which the center points of the sound wave incident surfaces are positioned so that the connected triangles are congruent right-angled isosceles triangles in which the angle in the central microphone portion is a right angle is a dummy head. 3D, which is approximately the same size as or smaller than the auricle and is detachably formed on the auricle, and is attached to the left and right auricles of the dummy head placed at a desired position in the measurement chamber. Intensity measuring device.