JP2003272682A - Fuel reform type fuel cell system - Google Patents
Fuel reform type fuel cell systemInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003272682A JP2003272682A JP2002069967A JP2002069967A JP2003272682A JP 2003272682 A JP2003272682 A JP 2003272682A JP 2002069967 A JP2002069967 A JP 2002069967A JP 2002069967 A JP2002069967 A JP 2002069967A JP 2003272682 A JP2003272682 A JP 2003272682A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- reformer
- hydrogen
- fuel
- hydrogen storage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100219325 Phaseolus vulgaris BA13 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は燃料改質型燃料電池
に係り、特に燃料系統に水素貯蔵装置を備えた燃料改質
型燃料電池システムに関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel reforming fuel cell, and more particularly to a fuel reforming fuel cell system having a hydrogen storage device in a fuel system.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来より燃料改質型燃料電池において、
改質ガスの一部から精製した水素を水素貯蔵装置に貯蔵
するシステムが特開平２−５６８６６号等により公知で
ある。この技術によれば、通常運転時に改質ガスの一部
から精製した水素を水素貯蔵装置に貯蔵し、常用燃料と
非常用燃料とを切り替える燃料切替時に、水素貯蔵装置
から水素を放出して発電出力を維持している。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a fuel reforming type fuel cell,
A system for storing hydrogen purified from a part of a reformed gas in a hydrogen storage device is known from JP-A-2-56866. According to this technology, hydrogen purified from a part of the reformed gas is stored in the hydrogen storage device during normal operation, and when the fuel is switched between the regular fuel and the emergency fuel, hydrogen is released from the hydrogen storage device to generate electricity. The output is maintained.
【０００３】この従来技術によれば、図５に示すよう
に、改質器１に燃料、空気、水蒸気が供給され、Ｈ2 と
ＣＯなどに改質される。ＣＯは、シフトコンバーター２
にて水蒸気と水性反応し、ＣＯ2 に変成する。シフトコ
ンバーター２から燃料電池３に水素が供給され、空気と
反応し発電を行う。燃料電池３の空気極の排気には水素
と空気中の酸素の反応により生成された水蒸気が多く含
まれる。この水蒸気は、空気極排気通路８に具備された
気水分離器９により液体の水として回収される。回収さ
れた水は、蒸気発生器１０で加熱されて水蒸気となり改
質器１に供給される。According to this prior art, as shown in FIG. 5, the reformer 1 is supplied with fuel, air, and steam and reformed into H 2 and CO. CO is shift converter 2
At that time, it undergoes an aqueous reaction with water vapor and is converted to CO 2 . Hydrogen is supplied from the shift converter 2 to the fuel cell 3 and reacts with air to generate electricity. Exhaust gas from the air electrode of the fuel cell 3 contains a large amount of water vapor generated by the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the air. This water vapor is recovered as liquid water by the steam separator 9 provided in the air electrode exhaust passage 8. The recovered water is heated by the steam generator 10 to become steam and is supplied to the reformer 1.
【０００４】一方、シフトコンバーター２と燃料電池３
の間には、弁４、水素貯蔵合金被毒ガス除去用のガス分
離除去装置５、水素貯蔵合金による水素貯蔵装置６およ
び弁７が、具備されている。常用燃料と非常用燃料との
燃料切替時など改質器１からの水素供給が不足する場合
は、弁４を閉じ、弁７を開け、水素貯蔵合金を加熱し水
素貯蔵装置６から水素を燃料電池３に供給する。改質器
１からの水素供給が十分な場合は、弁４を開け、弁７を
閉じ、水素貯蔵合金を冷却し水素貯蔵装置６に水素を貯
蔵する。On the other hand, the shift converter 2 and the fuel cell 3
A valve 4, a gas separation / removal device 5 for removing a hydrogen storage alloy poisoning gas, a hydrogen storage device 6 for a hydrogen storage alloy, and a valve 7 are provided between them. When the hydrogen supply from the reformer 1 is insufficient, such as when switching the fuel between the regular fuel and the emergency fuel, the valve 4 is closed, the valve 7 is opened, the hydrogen storage alloy is heated, and hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen storage device 6. Supply to the battery 3. When the hydrogen supply from the reformer 1 is sufficient, the valve 4 is opened and the valve 7 is closed to cool the hydrogen storage alloy and store hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 6.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記従
来の燃料電池システムは、電話局の電源のような非常時
でも常に発電出力が要求される常時稼働システムに適用
した場合であり、燃料電池車両等の電動車両用電源に適
用する場合には、氷点下の起動問題がある。However, the above-mentioned conventional fuel cell system is applied to an always operating system such as a power source of a telephone office, which is always required to generate power even in an emergency, such as a fuel cell vehicle. When it is applied to the electric power source for the electric vehicle, there is a subzero freezing problem.
【０００６】燃料電池の氷点下における起動の場合は、
蒸気発生器１０中の多量の水が凍っており、それを解凍
するための加熱量が過大になり改質型燃料電池のシステ
ム効率を大幅に悪化させるという問題点があった。In the case of subzero starting of the fuel cell,
There is a problem that a large amount of water in the steam generator 10 is frozen, and the amount of heating for thawing it is excessively large, which significantly deteriorates the system efficiency of the reformable fuel cell.
【０００７】また、解凍されるまで発電できない時間を
補うため、多量の水素を水素貯蔵装置に貯蔵せざるを得
なく、水素貯蔵装置が大型化し、重量、容積が増大し、
システムのコストアップ、大型化を招くという問題点が
あった。Further, in order to compensate for the time during which power cannot be generated until it is thawed, a large amount of hydrogen must be stored in the hydrogen storage device, and the hydrogen storage device becomes large in size, increasing in weight and volume.
There are problems that the cost of the system is increased and the size is increased.
【０００８】以上の問題点に鑑み本発明の目的は、氷点
下における起動の際にもシステム効率が低下することの
ない燃料改質型燃料電池システムを提供することであ
る。In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel reforming fuel cell system in which the system efficiency does not decrease even when the engine is started below freezing.
【０００９】また本発明の目的は、水素貯蔵装置を小型
軽量化することができる燃料改質型燃料電池システムを
提供することである。Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel reforming type fuel cell system capable of reducing the size and weight of a hydrogen storage device.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
請求項１記載の発明は、原燃料を改質して水素を含む改
質ガスを生成する改質器と、前記改質器が生成した改質
ガスから得られた水素を貯蔵するとともに、貯蔵した水
素を放出する水素貯蔵装置と、前記改質器が生成した改
質ガス及び前記水素貯蔵装置が放出した水素を用いて発
電する燃料電池と、該燃料電池の排気中の水分を前記改
質器へ導く通路と、を備え、燃料電池の起動時には、前
記水素貯蔵装置に貯蔵された水素を燃料電池に供給して
発電すると共に、この発電の結果生じた燃料電池の排気
中の水分を前記改質器へ供給して燃料改質することを要
旨とする燃料改質型燃料電池システムである。In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 reforms raw fuel to produce reformed gas containing hydrogen, and the reformer produces the reformed gas. A hydrogen storage device that stores hydrogen obtained from the reformed gas and releases the stored hydrogen, and a fuel that generates electricity using the reformed gas generated by the reformer and the hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage device A fuel cell, and a passage for guiding water contained in the exhaust gas of the fuel cell to the reformer. When the fuel cell is started, the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device is supplied to the fuel cell to generate electricity. The fuel reforming fuel cell system is characterized in that water in the exhaust gas of a fuel cell generated as a result of this power generation is supplied to the reformer to reform the fuel.
【００１１】上記目的を達成するため請求項２記載の発
明は、請求項１に記載の燃料改質型燃料電池システムに
おいて、燃料電池の排気中に水蒸気として存在する水分
を相変化させることなく改質器に供給することを要旨と
する。To achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 2 is the fuel reforming type fuel cell system according to claim 1, which is modified without causing phase change of water present as water vapor in exhaust gas of the fuel cell. The point is to supply to the pawns.
【００１２】上記目的を達成するため請求項３記載の発
明は、請求項１に記載の燃料改質型燃料電池システムに
おいて、前記通路は、燃料電池の排気を改質器に供給す
ることにより燃料電池の排気中の水分を改質器に導くこ
とを要旨とする。In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 3 is the fuel reforming type fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the passage supplies the exhaust gas of the fuel cell to the reformer. The main point is to guide the water in the exhaust gas of the battery to the reformer.
【００１３】上記目的を達成するため請求項４記載の発
明は、請求項１に記載の燃料改質型燃料電池システムに
おいて、燃料電池の排気中の水分を回収する一方、回収
した水分で改質器に供給する空気を加湿する加湿装置を
備えたことを要旨とする。In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 4 is the fuel reforming fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein water in the exhaust gas of the fuel cell is recovered and reformed by the recovered water. The gist is that a humidifying device for humidifying the air supplied to the container is provided.
【００１４】上記目的を達成するため請求項５記載の発
明は、請求項１乃至請求項４の何れか１項に記載の燃料
改質型燃料電池システムにおいて、燃料電池の排気出口
から改質器までの通路間を加熱する加熱装置を備えたこ
とを要旨とする。To achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 5 is the fuel reforming fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the reformer is provided from an exhaust outlet of the fuel cell. The gist is that a heating device for heating between the passages up to is provided.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の効果】請求項１記載の発明によれば、水素貯蔵
装置から放出した水素により発電した排気中の水分で改
質器を起動することができるので、燃料改質用の水を保
持する必要が無くなる。その結果、氷点下での起動時に
解凍を不要にできるので、燃料電池システムの効率を向
上させることができる。また、水素貯蔵装置から供給す
る水素は起動時のみでよいので、装置を小型化すること
ができるという効果がある。According to the first aspect of the present invention, the reformer can be started by the moisture in the exhaust gas generated by the hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen storage device, so that the water for fuel reforming is retained. There is no need. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the need for thawing at the time of starting below the freezing point, so that the efficiency of the fuel cell system can be improved. Further, since hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen storage device is required only at the time of starting, there is an effect that the device can be downsized.
【００１６】請求項２記載の発明によれば、気水分離器
などで液体の水を持つ必要がなくなるため、システムと
して持つ水の量を少なくでき、より少ない水素貯蔵量で
起動できる。その結果、水素貯蔵装置を小型化し、シス
テムの小型化及び廉価化ができるという効果がある。According to the second aspect of the present invention, since it is not necessary to have liquid water in the steam separator, it is possible to reduce the amount of water that the system has and to start with a smaller hydrogen storage amount. As a result, the hydrogen storage device can be downsized, and the system can be downsized and the cost can be reduced.
【００１７】請求項３記載の発明によれば、燃料電池シ
ステムの構造を簡単化することができるという効果があ
る。According to the third aspect of the invention, there is an effect that the structure of the fuel cell system can be simplified.
【００１８】請求項４記載の発明によれば、改質器に供
給される空気に水蒸気以外の不要な成分を含まないた
め、改質器での反応が改善され、改質器を小型化できる
という効果がある。また、加湿量を制御することにより
改質に必要な水蒸気の量を適切に制御できるという効果
がある。According to the invention described in claim 4, since the air supplied to the reformer does not contain unnecessary components other than steam, the reaction in the reformer is improved and the reformer can be miniaturized. There is an effect. Further, there is an effect that the amount of steam required for reforming can be appropriately controlled by controlling the humidification amount.
【００１９】請求項５記載の発明によれば、燃料電池の
排気出口から改質器に供給されるまでに結露して水蒸気
の供給が低下することはなく、良好な燃料改質を行うこ
とができるという効果がある。According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, good fuel reforming can be performed without dew condensation leading to a decrease in the supply of steam before the fuel is supplied from the exhaust outlet of the fuel cell to the reformer. The effect is that you can do it.
【００２０】[0020]
【発明の実施の形態】次に図面を参照して、本発明の実
施の形態を詳細に説明する。図１は、本発明に係る燃料
改質型燃料電池システムの第１実施形態を説明するシス
テム構成図である。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram illustrating a first embodiment of a fuel reforming fuel cell system according to the present invention.
【００２１】図１において、燃料改質型燃料電池システ
ムは、原燃料と空気と水蒸気から改質ガスを生成する改
質器１と、改質ガス中のＣＯを水蒸気と水性反応させて
ＣＯ 2 に変成するシフトコンバータ２と、シフトコンバ
ータ２が出力する水素リッチガスから水素を分離するガ
ス分離除去装置５と、ガス分離装置５で分離された水素
を貯蔵・放出する水素貯蔵装置６と、シフトコンバータ
２からの水素リッチガスまたは水素貯蔵装置６からの水
素ガスの何れかを運転状態により切り替えた燃料ガスと
空気とを用いて発電する燃料電池３と、燃料電池３の空
気極からの排気の通路である空気極排気通路８と、空気
極排気からガス成分と液体の水とを分離する気水分離器
９と、気水分離器９から改質器１の水蒸気入口に至る通
路２０と、空気極排気通路８及び気水分離器９及び通路
２０を加熱する加熱装置２１と、気水分離器９から通路
２０へ水蒸気を送り出すポンプ２２とを備えている。In FIG. 1, the fuel reforming type fuel cell system is shown.
Is a reformer that produces reformed gas from raw fuel, air and steam.
By allowing the gas in the reformer 1 and CO in the reformed gas to react with water vapor
CO 2Shift converter 2 and shift converter
The gas that separates hydrogen from the hydrogen-rich gas output by the data 2
Hydrogen separated by the gas separation device 5 and the gas separation device 5
Hydrogen storage device 6 for storing and releasing hydrogen and a shift converter
Hydrogen rich gas from 2 or water from hydrogen storage device 6
Fuel gas in which one of the elementary gases is switched depending on the operating condition
A fuel cell 3 that generates electric power using air and an empty space of the fuel cell 3.
Air electrode exhaust passage 8 which is a passage for exhaust from the air electrode, and air
A steam separator that separates gas components and liquid water from polar exhaust.
9 and the passage from the steam separator 9 to the steam inlet of the reformer 1.
Passage 20, air cathode exhaust passage 8, steam separator 9 and passage
A heating device 21 for heating 20 and a passage from the steam separator 9
20 and a pump 22 for sending water vapor.
【００２２】さらに、シフトコンバータ２には、その内
部温度を検出する温度計３１、水素貯蔵装置６には、そ
の内部圧力を検出する圧力計３２がそれぞれ備えられて
いる。温度計３１の検出信号、圧力計３２の検出信号
は、それぞれ制御装置３３に接続されている。制御装置
３３は、温度計３１によるシフトコンバータ２の内部温
度、及び圧力計３２による水素貯蔵装置６の内部圧力に
応じて、燃料改質型燃料電池システムの起動時の制御を
含む全体の制御を行う。Further, the shift converter 2 is provided with a thermometer 31 for detecting its internal temperature, and the hydrogen storage device 6 is provided with a pressure gauge 32 for detecting its internal pressure. The detection signal of the thermometer 31 and the detection signal of the pressure gauge 32 are connected to the control device 33, respectively. The control device 33 performs overall control including control at startup of the fuel reforming fuel cell system according to the internal temperature of the shift converter 2 by the thermometer 31 and the internal pressure of the hydrogen storage device 6 by the pressure gauge 32. To do.
【００２３】改質器１には、原燃料、空気、水蒸気が供
給され、Ｈ2 とＣＯなどを含む改質ガスを生成する。改
質ガス中のＣＯは、シフトコンバーター２にて水蒸気と
水性反応し、ＣＯ2 に変成する。シフトコンバーター２
から燃料電池３に水素が供給され、空気と反応し発電を
行う。燃料電池空気極の排気には水素と空気中の酸素と
の反応により生成された水蒸気が多く含まれている。こ
の水蒸気は、燃料電池空気極の排気通路８に具備された
気水分離器９により液体の水と水蒸気とが分離され、水
蒸気が改質器１に供給される。The reformer 1 is supplied with raw fuel, air, and steam, and produces a reformed gas containing H 2 and CO. CO in the reformed gas undergoes an aqueous reaction with steam in the shift converter 2 to be converted into CO 2 . Shift converter 2
Hydrogen is supplied from the fuel cell 3 to react with air to generate electricity. Exhaust gas from the fuel cell air electrode contains a large amount of water vapor produced by the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the air. The steam is separated into liquid water and steam by a steam separator 9 provided in the exhaust passage 8 of the fuel cell air electrode, and the steam is supplied to the reformer 1.
【００２４】シフトコンバーター２と燃料電池３の間に
は、両者の連通を開閉する弁３０が設けられている。さ
らに弁３０と並列に、弁４、水素貯蔵合金被毒ガス除去
用のガス分離除去装置５、水素貯蔵合金による水素貯蔵
装置６および弁７が直列に接続された水素貯蔵及び放出
のためのガス流路が具備されている。A valve 30 is provided between the shift converter 2 and the fuel cell 3 to open and close communication between the two. Further, in parallel with the valve 30, a valve 4, a gas separation / removal device 5 for removing a hydrogen storage alloy poisoning gas, a hydrogen storage device 6 for a hydrogen storage alloy, and a valve 7 are connected in series, and a gas flow for hydrogen storage and release is provided. A road is provided.
【００２５】水素貯蔵装置６には、加熱媒体または冷熱
媒体が選択的に供給可能となっいる。そして、加熱媒体
を供給して水素貯蔵装置６の水素吸蔵合金を加熱するこ
とにより吸蔵した水素を放出させ、冷熱媒体を供給して
水素吸蔵合金を冷却することにより水素を吸蔵させるこ
とができる。A heating medium or a cooling medium can be selectively supplied to the hydrogen storage device 6. Then, the heating medium is supplied to heat the hydrogen storage alloy of the hydrogen storage device 6 to release the stored hydrogen, and the cooling medium is supplied to cool the hydrogen storage alloy to store the hydrogen.
【００２６】そして、燃料電池システムの起動時など改
質器１からの水素供給が不足する場合に、制御装置３３
は、弁４及び弁３０を閉じ、弁７を開け、水素貯蔵合金
を加熱し水素貯蔵装置６から水素を燃料電池３に供給す
る。改質器１からの水素供給が十分な場合は、弁４を開
け、弁７を閉じ、水素貯蔵合金を冷却して水素貯蔵装置
６に水素を貯蔵する。Then, when the hydrogen supply from the reformer 1 is insufficient such as when the fuel cell system is started, the controller 33
Closes the valves 4 and 30, opens the valve 7, heats the hydrogen storage alloy, and supplies hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device 6 to the fuel cell 3. When the hydrogen supply from the reformer 1 is sufficient, the valve 4 is opened, the valve 7 is closed, the hydrogen storage alloy is cooled, and hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage device 6.
【００２７】本実施形態においては、従来例のように気
水分離器９から水タンクを介することなく、通路２０に
より直接改質器１に水蒸気を供給している。気水分離器
９中の水は、系外に放出するなどして、燃料電池停止時
には空になる様制御している。In this embodiment, the steam is directly supplied to the reformer 1 through the passage 20 without using the steam separator 9 through the water tank as in the conventional example. The water in the steam separator 9 is discharged to the outside of the system, and is controlled to be empty when the fuel cell is stopped.
【００２８】このため、燃料電池停止中に、周囲温度が
氷点下となっても、改質用の水を保持していないので、
水が凍結することはなく、起動時にこの氷を解凍する必
要がないので、起動時間が短縮できると同時に燃料電池
システムの効率を向上させることができる。For this reason, while the fuel cell is stopped, the reforming water is not retained even if the ambient temperature falls below the freezing point.
Since water does not freeze and there is no need to thaw this ice at startup, startup time can be shortened and at the same time the efficiency of the fuel cell system can be improved.
【００２９】燃料電池システムの起動時には、水素貯蔵
装置６が放出した水素を使用して発電することにより、
初めて気水分離器９中に水が生成される。気水分離器９
内での氷結および気水分離器９から改質器１までの通路
２０内での結露、氷結を防止するため、燃料電池３から
気水分離器９の間の通路、気水分離器９および気水分離
器９から改質器までの通路２０には加熱装置２１が具備
されている。更に、改質器１に水蒸気を供給するため、
ポンプ２２が通路２０に具備されている。At the time of starting the fuel cell system, the hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage device 6 is used to generate electricity,
For the first time, water is produced in the steam separator 9. Steam separator 9
In order to prevent freezing and dew condensation in the passage 20 from the steam / water separator 9 to the reformer 1, the passage between the fuel cell 3 and the steam / water separator 9, the steam / water separator 9 and A heating device 21 is provided in the passage 20 from the steam separator 9 to the reformer. Furthermore, since steam is supplied to the reformer 1,
A pump 22 is provided in the passage 20.
【００３０】図１では、固体高分子型燃料電池（ＰＥＭ
ＦＣ）の場合を想定しているので、生成される水蒸気は
燃料電池空気極排気中にあり、気水分離器９を燃料電池
３空気極の排気通路８に設置しているが、固体酸化物型
燃料電池（ＳＯＦＣ）の場合は、生成される水蒸気は燃
料電池燃料極排気中にあるので、燃料電池の種類によ
り、気水分離器の設置場所は異なり、図１の位置に限定
されるものではない。In FIG. 1, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEM) is used.
FC) is assumed, so the generated water vapor is in the fuel cell air electrode exhaust, and the steam separator 9 is installed in the exhaust passage 8 of the fuel cell 3 air electrode. In the case of a fuel cell (SOFC), the water vapor produced is in the fuel cell fuel electrode exhaust, so the location of the steam separator differs depending on the type of fuel cell, and is limited to the position shown in FIG. is not.
【００３１】また図１では、水素貯蔵装置６は水素吸蔵
合金を用いた場合を記載しているが、水素貯蔵装置とし
て高圧水素タンクでも構わない。この場合、加熱媒体及
び冷熱媒体を水素貯蔵装置に供給する代わりに、水素を
圧縮するコンプレッサと、高圧水素タンクから水素を放
出するための調圧弁を備える。In FIG. 1, the hydrogen storage device 6 uses a hydrogen storage alloy, but a high-pressure hydrogen tank may be used as the hydrogen storage device. In this case, instead of supplying the heating medium and the cooling / heating medium to the hydrogen storage device, a compressor for compressing hydrogen and a pressure regulating valve for discharging hydrogen from the high pressure hydrogen tank are provided.
【００３２】次に、図２の制御フローチャートを参照し
て、本実施形態における起動時の制御動作を説明する。Next, with reference to the control flow chart of FIG. 2, the control operation at the time of startup in this embodiment will be described.
【００３３】図２において、まず図示しない起動スイッ
チ等により燃料電池システムの起動が指示されると、ス
テップＳ（以下、ステップＳを単にＳと略す）１０にお
いて、弁７を開き、弁３０を閉じ、水素貯蔵装置６から
燃料電池３へ水素供給可能とするとともに、弁４は改質
器１により生成したガス通路として開く。In FIG. 2, when the activation of the fuel cell system is instructed by an activation switch or the like (not shown), the valve 7 is opened and the valve 30 is closed in step S (hereinafter, step S is simply abbreviated as S) 10. The hydrogen storage device 6 can supply hydrogen to the fuel cell 3, and the valve 4 opens as a gas passage generated by the reformer 1.
【００３４】次いでＳ１２で、空気極排気通路８、気水
分離器９及び通路２０を加熱する加熱装置２１をＯＮ
し、加熱を開始させる。Ｓ１４で、加熱媒体を水素貯蔵
装置６に供給し、内蔵する水素吸蔵合金から水素を放出
させる。Ｓ１６で水素貯蔵装置６からの水素を利用して
燃料電池３が発電する。ここで、燃料電池３の発電の結
果、発電出力に応じた生成水量が得られるので、この生
成水は、空気極排気通路８、気水分離器８、通路２０を
介して改質器１へ送られる。Ｓ１８で、発電出力に応じ
た原燃料、空気を改質器１に供給して、燃料改質を始め
させる。Next, in S12, the heating device 21 for heating the air electrode exhaust passage 8, the steam separator 9 and the passage 20 is turned on.
And start heating. In S14, the heating medium is supplied to the hydrogen storage device 6, and hydrogen is released from the built-in hydrogen storage alloy. In S16, the fuel cell 3 generates electricity using the hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device 6. Here, as a result of the power generation of the fuel cell 3, a generated water amount corresponding to the power generation output is obtained, and thus this generated water is supplied to the reformer 1 through the air electrode exhaust passage 8, the steam separator 8, and the passage 20. Sent. In S18, the raw fuel and air according to the power generation output are supplied to the reformer 1 to start the fuel reforming.
【００３５】次いでＳ２０で、温度計３１の検出値を読
み込み、シフトコンバータ２内の温度ｔを計測する。Ｓ
２２で計測値の温度ｔが所定温度以上か否かを判定す
る。この所定温度は、シフトコンバータ２の触媒活性温
度に幾らかのマージンを上乗せして決定されている。Ｓ
２２の判定がＮｏ、温度ｔが所定温度未満であれば、Ｓ
２０へ戻る。すなわち、所定温度まで上昇するのをＳ２
０とＳ２２で待機することとなる。Next, in S20, the detection value of the thermometer 31 is read and the temperature t in the shift converter 2 is measured. S
At 22, it is determined whether the measured temperature t is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature. This predetermined temperature is determined by adding some margin to the catalyst activation temperature of shift converter 2. S
If the determination of No. 22 is No and the temperature t is less than the predetermined temperature, S
Return to 20. That is, S2
It stands by at 0 and S22.
【００３６】Ｓ２２の判定がＹｅｓ、温度ｔが所定温度
以上であれば、シフトコンバータ２の触媒は充分活性状
態にあり、改質ガス中のＣＯ濃度が燃料電池を被毒しな
い程度に低下していると判断し、Ｓ２４で、弁７を閉
じ、弁３０を開け、改質器１で生成され、シフトコンバ
ータ２でＣＯが低減された改質ガスを燃料電池３に供給
して発電する。If the determination in S22 is Yes and the temperature t is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature, the catalyst of the shift converter 2 is in a sufficiently activated state, and the CO concentration in the reformed gas is lowered to such an extent that the fuel cell is not poisoned. If it is determined that the fuel is present, the valve 7 is closed and the valve 30 is opened in S24, and the reformed gas generated in the reformer 1 and having the CO reduced by the shift converter 2 is supplied to the fuel cell 3 to generate electricity.
【００３７】次いで、Ｓ２６で、冷熱媒体を水素貯蔵装
置６に供給し、水素を貯蔵させる。Ｓ２８で、圧力計３
２の検出値を読み込み、水素貯蔵装置６内の圧力Ｐを計
測する。Ｓ３０で、計測値の圧力Ｐが所定圧力以上か否
かを判断する。この所定圧力は、水素貯蔵装置６が充分
水素を貯蔵した状態の圧力である。Ｓ３０の判定がＮ
ｏ、圧力Ｐが所定値未満であれば、Ｓ３０へ戻り、水素
の貯蔵を続ける。Next, in S26, the cooling medium is supplied to the hydrogen storage device 6 to store hydrogen. In S28, pressure gauge 3
The detected value of 2 is read and the pressure P in the hydrogen storage device 6 is measured. In S30, it is determined whether the measured pressure P is equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure. This predetermined pressure is a pressure in a state where the hydrogen storage device 6 has sufficiently stored hydrogen. The determination in S30 is N
If o and the pressure P are less than the predetermined value, the process returns to S30 and hydrogen storage is continued.
【００３８】Ｓ３０の判定がＹｅｓ、圧力Ｐが所定値以
上ならば十分に水素を貯蔵したと判断し、Ｓ３２へ移行
して、弁４を閉じて、燃料電池システムの起動処理を終
了する。If the determination in S30 is Yes and the pressure P is equal to or higher than the predetermined value, it is determined that hydrogen has been sufficiently stored, the process proceeds to S32, the valve 4 is closed, and the startup process of the fuel cell system is completed.
【００３９】なお、起動時に改質器１により生じたガス
通路としてガス分離除去装置５に通じる弁４を開いた
が、図示しない燃焼器に通じる弁４０を設け、改質器に
より生じたガスを燃焼させて加熱媒体を加熱するための
熱源として用いてもよい。Although the valve 4 communicating with the gas separation / removal device 5 was opened as the gas passage generated by the reformer 1 at the time of start-up, a valve 40 communicating with the combustor (not shown) was provided to remove the gas generated by the reformer. You may use as a heat source for burning and heating a heating medium.
【００４０】本実施形態によれば、水素貯蔵装置から放
出した水素により発電した排気中の水分で改質器を起動
することができ、燃料改質用の水を保持する必要が無く
なり、氷点下での起動時に解凍を不要とし、システム効
率を向上させることができるという効果がある。According to the present embodiment, the reformer can be started by the moisture in the exhaust gas generated by the hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage device, and it becomes unnecessary to retain the water for fuel reforming, so that the freezing point can be maintained below the freezing point. There is an effect that it is possible to improve system efficiency by eliminating the need for decompression when starting.
【００４１】〔第２実施形態〕図３は、本発明に係る燃
料改質型燃料電池システムの第２実施形態を説明するシ
ステム構成図である。図１に示した第１実施形態と、本
第２実施形態との相違は、本実施形態が気水分離器９を
備えることなく、燃料電池３の空気極の排気が加熱装置
２３が具備された通路２４を通り、改質器１に供給され
ていることである。その他の構成は、第１実施形態と同
様である。本実施形態によれば、燃料電池システムの構
造を簡単化することができるという効果がある。[Second Embodiment] FIG. 3 is a system configuration diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the fuel reforming fuel cell system according to the present invention. The difference between the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and the second embodiment is that the present embodiment does not include the steam separator 9, and the air electrode exhaust of the fuel cell 3 is provided with the heating device 23. That is, the gas is supplied to the reformer 1 through the passage 24. Other configurations are similar to those of the first embodiment. According to this embodiment, there is an effect that the structure of the fuel cell system can be simplified.
【００４２】〔第３実施形態〕図４は、本発明に係る燃
料改質型燃料電池システムの第３実施形態を説明するシ
ステム構成図である。図１に示した第１実施形態と、本
第３実施形態との相違は、第１実施形態の気水分離器９
に代えて、本実施形態が燃料電池３の空気極の排気から
水蒸気を回収し、改質器１に供給される空気に回収した
水蒸気を供給する加湿装置２５を具備していることであ
る。[Third Embodiment] FIG. 4 is a system configuration diagram illustrating a third embodiment of the fuel reforming fuel cell system according to the present invention. The difference between the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and the third embodiment is that the steam separator 9 of the first embodiment is different.
Instead, the present embodiment is provided with a humidifier 25 that collects water vapor from the exhaust of the air electrode of the fuel cell 3 and supplies the recovered water vapor to the air supplied to the reformer 1.
【００４３】そして、燃料電池３の空気極排気通路８、
加湿装置２５、および加湿装置２５から改質器１間の通
路２８を加熱する加熱装置２６を具備する。また、改質
用の空気と水蒸気とは、ポンプ２７が圧送した空気を加
湿装置２５が加湿して、加湿した空気として改質器１に
供給される。Then, the air electrode exhaust passage 8 of the fuel cell 3,
A humidifying device 25 and a heating device 26 for heating a passage 28 between the humidifying device 25 and the reformer 1 are provided. Further, the reforming air and the steam are supplied to the reformer 1 as humidified air by the humidifier 25 humidifying the air pumped by the pump 27.
【００４４】加湿装置２５としては、水蒸気を選択的に
透過させ、空気を透過させないポリイミド系中空糸膜モ
ジュールが知られている。この中空糸の内部に水蒸気を
多く含む燃料電池３の空気極排気を通し、中空糸の外部
にポンプ２７により圧送した空気を送ると、中空糸を介
して燃料電池の排気から空気へ水蒸気が移る。これによ
り、水蒸気を多く含む空気を改質器１に供給することが
できる。As the humidifier 25, there is known a polyimide hollow fiber membrane module which selectively permeates water vapor and does not permeate air. When the cathode exhaust of the fuel cell 3 containing a large amount of water vapor is passed inside the hollow fiber and the air pumped by the pump 27 is sent to the outside of the hollow fiber, the water vapor is transferred from the exhaust of the fuel cell to the air through the hollow fiber. . Thereby, the air containing a large amount of water vapor can be supplied to the reformer 1.
【００４５】その他の構成は、第１実施形態と同様であ
る。本実施形態によれば、改質器に供給される空気に水
蒸気以外の不要な成分を含まないため、改質器での反応
が改善され、改質器を小型化できるという効果がある。The other structure is the same as that of the first embodiment. According to the present embodiment, since the air supplied to the reformer does not contain unnecessary components other than water vapor, there is an effect that the reaction in the reformer is improved and the reformer can be downsized.
【図１】本発明に係る燃料改質型燃料電池システムの第
１実施形態を説明する構成図である。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a first embodiment of a fuel reforming fuel cell system according to the present invention.
【図２】第１実施形態における起動時制御方法を説明す
るフローチャートである。FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a startup control method according to the first embodiment.
【図３】本発明に係る燃料改質型燃料電池システムの第
２実施形態を説明する構成図である。FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a fuel reforming fuel cell system according to the present invention.
【図４】本発明に係る燃料改質型燃料電池システムの第
３実施形態を説明する構成図である。FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram illustrating a third embodiment of a fuel reforming fuel cell system according to the present invention.
【図５】従来例を説明する構成図である。FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram illustrating a conventional example.
１…改質器 ２…シフトコンバータ ３…燃料電池 ４…弁 ５…ガス分離除去装置 ６…水素貯蔵装置 ７…弁 ８…空気極排気通路 ９…気水分離器 ２０…通路 ２１…加熱装置 ２２…ポンプ ３０…弁 ３１…温度計 ３２…圧力計 ３３…制御装置 ４０…弁 1 ... reformer 2 ... Shift converter 3 ... Fuel cell 4 ... valve 5 ... Gas separation and removal device 6 ... Hydrogen storage device 7 ... valve 8 ... Air electrode exhaust passage 9 ... Steam separator 20 ... passage 21 ... Heating device 22 ... Pump 30 ... valve 31 ... Thermometer 32 ... Pressure gauge 33 ... Control device 40 ... valve
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ テーマコート゛(参考） Ｈ０１Ｍ 8/06 Ｈ０１Ｍ 8/06 Ｗ // Ｂ６０Ｌ 11/18 Ｂ６０Ｌ 11/18 Ｇ Ｈ０１Ｍ 8/10 Ｈ０１Ｍ 8/10 8/12 8/12 Ｆターム(参考） 4G040 EA01 EA06 EA07 EB03 5H026 AA06 5H027 AA06 BA05 BA13 BA14 5H115 PA11 PC06 PG04 PI18 PU01 QE01 QE20 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification code FI theme code (reference) H01M 8/06 H01M 8/06 W // B60L 11/18 B60L 11/18 G H01M 8/10 H01M 8 / 10 8/12 8/12 F term (reference) 4G040 EA01 EA06 EA07 EB03 5H026 AA06 5H027 AA06 BA05 BA13 BA14 5H115 PA11 PC06 PG04 PI18 PU01 QE01 QE20
Claims (5)
生成する改質器と、 前記改質器が生成した改質ガスから得られた水素を貯蔵
するとともに、貯蔵した水素を放出する水素貯蔵装置
と、 前記改質器が生成した改質ガス及び前記水素貯蔵装置が
放出した水素を用いて発電する燃料電池と、 該燃料電池の排気中の水分を前記改質器へ導く通路と、
を備え、 燃料電池の起動時には、前記水素貯蔵装置に貯蔵された
水素を燃料電池に供給して発電すると共に、この発電の
結果生じた燃料電池の排気中の水分を前記改質器へ供給
して燃料改質することを特徴とする燃料改質型燃料電池
システム。1. A reformer for reforming raw fuel to produce a reformed gas containing hydrogen, hydrogen obtained from the reformed gas produced by the reformer, and stored hydrogen. A hydrogen storage device that releases the hydrogen, a fuel cell that uses the reformed gas generated by the reformer and the hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage device to generate power, and water in the exhaust gas of the fuel cell is guided to the reformer. Aisle,
When the fuel cell is activated, the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device is supplied to the fuel cell to generate electric power, and the moisture in the exhaust gas of the fuel cell generated as a result of the electric power generation is supplied to the reformer. A fuel reforming type fuel cell system, characterized in that the fuel is reformed by the fuel.
る水分を相変化させることなく改質器に供給することを
特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料改質型燃料電池システ
ム。2. The fuel reforming fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the water present as water vapor in the exhaust gas of the fuel cell is supplied to the reformer without phase change.
供給することにより燃料電池の排気中の水分を改質器に
導くことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料改質型燃料
電池システム。3. The fuel reformer according to claim 1, wherein the passage guides the water in the exhaust of the fuel cell to the reformer by supplying the exhaust of the fuel cell to the reformer. Fuel cell system.
方、回収した水分で改質器に供給する空気を加湿する加
湿装置を備えたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料
改質型燃料電池システム。4. The fuel reformer according to claim 1, further comprising a humidifying device that collects moisture in the exhaust gas of the fuel cell and humidifies the air supplied to the reformer with the collected moisture. Type fuel cell system.
路間を加熱する加熱装置を備えたことを特徴とする請求
項１乃至請求項４の何れか１項に記載の燃料改質型燃料
電池システム。5. The fuel reformer according to claim 1, further comprising a heating device that heats a space between an exhaust outlet of the fuel cell and a reformer. Fuel cell system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002069967A JP2003272682A (en) | 2002-03-14 | 2002-03-14 | Fuel reform type fuel cell system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002069967A JP2003272682A (en) | 2002-03-14 | 2002-03-14 | Fuel reform type fuel cell system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003272682A true JP2003272682A (en) | 2003-09-26 |
Family
ID=29200667
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002069967A Pending JP2003272682A (en) | 2002-03-14 | 2002-03-14 | Fuel reform type fuel cell system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2003272682A (en) |
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| CN108110281A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-06-01 | 广东国鸿氢能科技有限公司 | A kind of methanol recapitalization fuel cell system |
| CN110336056A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-10-15 | 南通百应能源有限公司 | Steam-water separator and its fuel cell system |
| JP2020064882A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2020-04-23 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | Fuel battery system |
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