JP2003271794A - Labor cost and working time optimization system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To optimize the personal shift and the labor cost. <P>SOLUTION: A system is equipped with a means 2 of calculating predicted values of the number of customers for every time zone obtained by dividing one day into two or more time zones from a fixed prediction arithmetic expression according to actual results, a means 22 which calculates predicted values of sales for every zone by multiplying predicted values of the number of customers for every zone per customer by customer unit price for every zone, a means 23 which calculates predicted values of gross profit for every zone by multiplying the predicted values of sales for every zone by actual result gross profit rate for every zone, a means 24 which calculates an optimum labor cost frame for every zone by multiplying the predicted values of gross profit for every zone by a working distribution rate, a means 25 which obtains past mean working unit price for every zone, and a means 26 which obtains optimum total working time for every zone by dividing the optimum labor cost frame for every zone by the mean working unit price for every zone. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention controls the working hours by a computer to determine how to increase or decrease the number of personnel in which time zone, thereby creating a shift plan within the range of planned personnel expenses. It is related to the personnel cost and working time optimization system that supports the and measures the optimal systemization of personnel cost.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When visiting a restaurant, everyone has had a long waiting time waiting at the entrance before being guided to the store. In such a case, rather than when all the tables are full and you have to wait for the queue, the problem is that the table is empty but the customer cannot be guided to the table because it has not been cleaned up.
That is, even if there is a surplus in the number of tables and the order receiving capacity of the kitchen, there are many cases in which the entire system does not function effectively because the absolute number of customer service personnel is insufficient. It can be said that this is largely due to the improper staffing (shift plan) of all store employees considering the time of day and location. In order to solve this problem, it is an important task for managers such as store managers to plan the optimal staffing based on past performance while considering the degree of customer concentration and customer turnover. There is. Nevertheless, the arrangement of the manager's intuition, or
The current situation is that the shift zone is fixed for each day of the week.

[0003]

By the way, the above conventional techniques have the following problems to be solved. In order to manage a restaurant, based on past performance, we have determined the optimal personnel expenses that take into account sales profits, and within this optimal personnel expenses range, we have a shift plan so that we can operate with maximum efficiency. Have to think about. If there are many employees who work on an hourly basis, such as a part-time job or a part-time job, plan in advance the necessary personnel and the optimal staffing for each time zone, and make sure that you work according to the schedule. It is preferable to manage. That is,
Personnel expenses within the budget range, customer service is the most fulfilling,
A shift plan that operates efficiently and produces a certain profit is required.

However, it is not easy for a well-experienced manager to create a shift plan that takes into consideration both the optimization of personnel shifts and the optimization of labor costs. An unreasonable shift plan may be set up within the limits of limited personnel expenses. By using the sales data obtained from the POS system and the labor management data based on the attendance record, the relationship between the past shift plan and the sales can be calculated by the computer. If this data is used for calculation and classification processing by a computer, detailed analysis of past performance is possible. However, what data should be used in what part for what future shift plan, and what kind of data should be predicted in order to specifically simulate the optimal shift plan. No clear conclusions have been introduced. In each case, it is a trial and error state, and in the end, after arranging past achievements, the current situation is to make a new shift plan based on the experience and intuition of the manager.

Therefore, for example, in order to reduce the labor cost, the number of personnel in the busy time zone, which is the easiest to touch, is reduced, and the entire store does not function effectively as described in the description of the prior art. Invite. Moreover, reducing the number of employees during busy hours will make it impossible to make planned sales, which will further reduce labor costs, creating a vicious circle.

According to the present invention, the basis data and the index for the shift plan optimization are clarified, and when the number of personnel in what time zone is automatically increased and decreased by the computer,
An object of the present invention is to provide a personnel cost / working hours optimization system that outputs information that allows easy determination as to whether or not planned sales can be achieved within the range of planned personnel costs. Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned restaurant shift plan, but is suitable for personnel cost and working time that can plan an optimal working time for each employee to perform a predetermined work at an optimal personnel cost. The purpose is to provide a computerized system.

[0007]

The present invention adopts the following constitution in order to solve the above points. <Structure 1> A means for calculating a customer count forecast value for each zone, which is obtained by dividing one day into two or more time zones, by a certain predictive calculation formula based on the actual results, and a customer for each zone by the customer. Multiply the number forecast value by the unit price per zone,
A means for calculating a sales forecast value for each zone, and a means for calculating a gross profit forecast value for each zone by multiplying the sales forecast value for each zone by the actual gross profit rate for each zone,
A method for calculating the optimal labor cost limit for each zone by multiplying the estimated gross profit by zone by the labor share, a method for obtaining the average labor unit price for each zone in the past, and an optimal labor cost limit for each zone. A labor cost optimization system for labor cost, characterized by having a means for obtaining the optimum total working hours by zone by dividing the average labor cost by zone.

<Structure 2> In the personnel cost / working time optimization system according to Structure 1, the means for calculating the predicted value of the number of customers for each zone is the number of customers for each day to be predicted based on past performance. A labor cost and labor time optimization system characterized by calculating a value using a certain predictive calculation formula and then apportioning the result according to zones.

<Structure 3> In the personnel cost / working time optimization system described in Structure 1, by using the output of the means for obtaining the optimum total working time by zone, the past performance and forecast of the total working time by zone can be calculated. A labor cost and working time optimization system characterized by having a means for calculating and displaying the gap of.

<Structure 4> A process of calculating a predicted value of the number of customers for each zone, which is obtained by dividing one day into two or more time zones, based on actual results, by a certain predictive calculation formula, and a zone per customer. The process of calculating the sales forecast value for each zone by multiplying the customer forecast value for another customer by the customer unit price for each zone, and multiplying the forecast sales value for each zone by the actual gross profit rate for each zone To calculate the gross profit forecast value for each zone, and to calculate the optimal labor cost frame for each zone by multiplying the zone gross profit forecast value by the labor share. A computer program that causes a computer to execute processing for obtaining the average labor unit price and processing for obtaining the optimum total working hours by zone by dividing the optimum labor cost limit for each zone by the average labor unit price for each zone.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a specific example of the personnel cost / working time optimization system of the present invention. The illustrated system is controlled by a host computer 10.
The host computer 10 is composed of a personal computer or a workstation. The host computer 10 includes a storage device 12 and an arithmetic processing device 13. The storage device 12 and the arithmetic processing device 13 may be built in the host computer 10 or externally attached. The host computer 10 is provided with man-machine interface hardware such as a display 2, a keyboard 3, a mouse 4, and a printer 5. Known hardware can be used for all of these man-machine interface hardware, and therefore, illustration and specific description of each function are omitted. The arithmetic processing unit 13 is provided with means having a function described later. Each means is a computer program that causes a computer to execute the corresponding processing.

POS data 15 and business management data 16 are stored in the storage device 12. POS data 1
Reference numeral 5 records past sales data and the like, and is used to extract actual calculation data of the number of customers and sales by zone. The work management data 16 is data used for comprehensive work management such as a shift plan, and is used to extract past shift performance data. Results and the like that are predicted and calculated by this system are also recorded in the business management data 16. The printer 5 is used to print the calculation result for distribution.

Generally, labor costs are calculated on a monthly basis,
The budget is the sum of the monthly salaries of all employees. In a restaurant or the like, the personnel cost required varies depending on the daily shift plan, every day and every time period. Since the cumulative result is the total salary per month, it is preferable to optimize the working hours of each employee for each day and each time zone. The system of the present invention outputs detailed and specific assistance data necessary for shift plan planning for such optimization. For this purpose, the present invention applies the following logic. In the following example, a procedure for setting an optimal personnel cost in a restaurant and calculating an optimal working time for each employee within the personnel cost range will be described.

[Forecasting the Number of Customers] First, the number of customers for each day to be predicted is predicted. For example, this Saturday, we forecast that the total number of customers will be 120.

FIG. 2A is an explanatory diagram of a method for predicting the number of customers. What is shown in the figure is the last 4 weeks (-4W, -3
W, -2W, -1W). −
4W means 4 weeks ago. This week is a forecast week. To estimate the number of customers on Monday, we will perform a weighted average of the results of the same day for the last four weeks. The reason why the weighted average is used instead of the simple averaging is to make a prediction that also takes into account the time-based increase / decrease in the number of customers. Specifically, as shown in the figure, -4W and-
The results of 3W are averaged, and then this average of results and the result of -2W are averaged. Further, the average of the actual results and the actual result of -1W are averaged. Thus, in the example in the figure, the number of customers on Monday is 8
It was predicted to be 5.75. It should be noted that the prediction becomes inaccurate if the target of averaging the results includes a specific day such as a holiday or a sale date. In that case, the specific day is excluded or adjusted. In addition to the weighted average, it is possible to adopt an arbitrary predictive calculation formula in consideration of fluctuations in increase and decrease. Thus, here, the customer number predicted value is calculated based on the actual results by a certain predictive calculation formula.

[Customer Number Prediction Means 21 by Zone] Next,
Estimate the number of customers by zone. The zone means, for example, the breakfast zone (9:00 to 11:00), the morning zone,
The lunch zone (11: 00-14: 00) is the lunch zone, the afternoon before dinner is the idle zone (14: 00-17: 00),
The dinner time zone (17:00 to 19:00) is a dinner zone, the midnight (19:00 to 22:00) is a night zone, and the day is divided into a plurality of time zones corresponding to fluctuations in the number of customers. Forecast the number of customers using the actual number of customers by zone on the same day of the previous week. Therefore, assuming that the total number of customers expected for one day is 120, this is apportioned by zone to obtain 12 morning zones, 31 lunch zones, 14 idle zones, 35 dinner zones, and 2 night zones.
Estimate the number of customers, such as eight.

[Sales forecasting means 22 by zone] FIG. 2
(B) is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the customer count forecast value and the sales forecast value for each zone. By the above means, the sales amount for the same day of the previous week for each zone is predicted from the number of customers predicted for each zone. The sales per customer in each zone is calculated in advance from the past results. For example, in the morning zone, the sales per customer is 650 yen. Sales by zone are calculated by multiplying the sales per customer by the number of customers by zone. If the forecast number of customers in the morning zone is 12,
The sales forecast for the morning zone is 7800 yen.

[Zone-by-zone Gross Margin Prediction Unit 23] Next, the zone-by-zone gross profit is predicted. By multiplying the sales forecast value for each zone by the actual gross profit rate for each zone, the forecast value for gross profit for each zone is obtained. For the actual gross profit rate by zone, for example, the actual result of the immediately preceding week is used. The gross profit ratio is the ratio of gross profit to sales. It is assumed that the gross margin of Morning Zone on the same day of the previous week was 60%. In this case, the gross profit forecast value of the morning zone is 7800 × 0.6, which is 4680 yen.

[Prediction means 24 for optimum personnel cost frame by zone]
The gross profit is the value obtained by subtracting the cost of sales from the sales amount.
Gross profit includes SG & A expenses or personnel expenses. The ratio of labor costs to gross profit is called the labor share. This labor share is generally required to have an approximately constant optimum value for each type of business and business category. For example, in the restaurant industry, the labor share is said to be about 30 to 35%. Therefore, the optimum personnel cost frame for each zone is calculated based on the above result.
Gross profit forecast for the morning zone was 4680 yen. Multiplying this by the labor share of 35% yields 1638 yen. This value is the optimum labor cost in the morning zone.

From the above calculation, considering the past sales record, a gross profit of 4680 yen is expected in the morning zone, so the result that the personnel cost of 1638 yen is optimal is obtained. . That is, in the present invention, the past sales record is obtained for each zone, and the sales amount for each zone is predicted based on the record of the day of a similar environment such as the same day. Furthermore, the past gross profit rate for each zone is obtained, and this is used to predict the gross profit rate for each zone. From the results, we are seeking the optimal personnel cost limit for each zone. Not only the degree of concentration of customers, but also the gross profit rate and the labor cost have a large difference for each zone. Therefore, in the present invention, the prediction accuracy is dramatically improved by performing the individual prediction calculation for each zone.

[Average Labor Unit Price Achievement Calculating Means 25] For the following calculation, the average labor unit price in the morning zone is obtained based on the performance. The average labor unit price is the average value of labor costs per hour in the morning zone on the same day of the previous week. The average labor unit price also uses the actual value for each zone. Therefore, for example, if there are a time zone in which there are many part-time employees, a time zone in which there are many part-time employees, and a time zone in which there are many regular employees, the average labor unit price differs. If an employee with an hourly wage of 900 yen and an employee with an hourly wage of 700 yen are working for two hours each in a certain zone, the total wage is 3200 yen. The average unit labor cost is 800 yen, which is a quarter of that.

[Optimum total working time prediction means for each zone 2
6] The optimal total labor hours by zone is calculated by dividing the optimal labor cost by zone by the average unit labor cost by zone. If the average labor unit price is 800 yen when the optimal labor cost limit for each zone is 1638 yen, the optimal total working hours for each zone is 2 hours. That is, it is understood that in the morning zone, an employee with an hourly wage of 900 yen and an employee with an hourly wage of 700 yen may be employed for one hour each. In this way, by estimating the average labor unit price for each zone and predicting the optimal total working hours for each zone, the index of how many employees will work for each zone can be directly and accurately determined. It is possible to predict the calculation. This method is also an important feature that enhances the practicality of the system of the present invention.

[Calculation of Performance Evaluation] Assuming that the performance of the morning zone in the previous week was two hours each for an employee with an hourly wage of 900 yen and an employee with an hourly wage of 700 yen, the total working time is 4 hours. The result of the optimal total working hours forecast by zone this time is that employees with hourly wages of 900 yen and employees with hourly wages of 700 yen can work one hour each for a total of two hours, so the difference is two hours Is. That is, the gap between the actual result and the prediction that the past actual result is over 2 hours can be automatically calculated. This result is output. This processing may be executed by the optimum total working time prediction means 26.

[Administrator Process] FIG. 3 shows the result of sequentially executing the above processes by taking the morning zone as an example. By using the above calculation results, the administrator can know the optimum total working hours prediction result for each zone, and therefore, it is sufficient to formulate the shift plan in consideration of this. In the morning zone of this Monday, we should reduce the number of people by 2 from the shift of last week shown in the table labeled "Actual", and make a plan for a total of 2 hours as shown in the table "Optimization plan". Become. Actually, since it is only necessary to optimize in the total of January, even if it does not exactly match the predicted value in the daily plan, if you adjust to the optimum value in units of one week or two weeks, the purpose will be achieved. It

By making a plan based on the highly accurate prediction as described above, it is possible to instruct each employee in advance to work at the planned working hours. it can. In addition, it is possible to operate such that overtime work is not allowed unless otherwise specified by the administrator. As a result, there is an effect that it is possible to suppress the useless payment of the overtime work and to operate with the optimal personnel cost as planned.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a screen for inquiring about past results by designating a date. The example in this figure is a comparison of shift plans and work records of all employees, by business zone (time zone), of a specific store last Thursday. The bar above the column to the right of each employee's name (called Gantt) is for a shift. The bottom bar is the actual result. At the bottom of the screen, the efficiency analysis results for each business zone are displayed based on actual values. The shift plan is for paying personnel expenses to the planned amount, and employees must always follow them. Therefore, if you go to work earlier than scheduled, you will not treat it as early as possible, but instead will treat it as scheduled. If you come to work later than planned, or if you leave earlier than planned, you will be treated as if you worked according to the actual results.
With this, you can manage that the planned personnel expenses are not exceeded. The gap indicates the difference between the planned and actual results, and the labor cost is always less than the planned amount. This makes it easier to confirm the effects of the shift plan and the next shift plan.

The past shift record is stored in the database and the screen as shown in the figure is displayed to create the next shift plan. For example, to make a shift plan for the next Thursday, the shift results of the previous Thursday are used as reference data. Of course, this screen can be used by the user to use the performance data on any day. This reduces the man-hours for creating a new shift plan. Also,
When the actual results of the shift pattern are displayed, it is determined whether or not the number of staff is excessive or insufficient in light of customer service productivity and man-hour productivity, and the determination result is color-coded and displayed on the background of the business zone frame. For example, the background is green if sufficient and yellow if insufficient. For example, in the morning zone, a threshold value is set such that one employee and one part-time job are set, and this threshold value is compared with the shift plan for determination. This supports the automatic determination of the availability of staff. The number of working hours of staff is 1
It is possible to increase / decrease in increments of 5 minutes. When the number of staff assigned is increased or decreased or the number of working hours is changed, the efficiency analysis value for each business zone at the bottom of the screen is updated in real time. Therefore, the shift plan creator can easily optimize the labor cost based on productivity with high accuracy.

The computer program installed in the above-mentioned arithmetic processing unit may be constituted by combining independent program modules,
You may comprise by the program which integrated the whole. All or part of the processing controlled by the computer program may be configured by hardware having an equivalent function. Further, the above computer program may be incorporated into an existing application program for use. The computer program for implementing the present invention as described above can be recorded in a computer-readable recording medium such as a CD-ROM and installed in any information processing device for use.
It can also be downloaded and used in the memory of any computer via a network.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a specific example of a personnel cost / working time optimization system of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is an explanatory diagram of a method for predicting the number of customers.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a customer count forecast value and a sales forecast value for each zone.

FIG. 3 shows a result of sequentially executing the above processes by taking a morning zone as an example.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a screen for inquiring about past results by designating a date.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 Host computer 12 storage devices 13 Processor 15 POS data 16 Business management data 21 Customer Number Prediction Means 22 Sales forecast method 23 Gross profit forecasting means 24 Optimal personnel cost quota forecasting method 25 Average Labor Unit Price Actual Calculation Method 26 Optimal total working hours prediction method

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A means for calculating a predicted value of the number of customers for each zone, which is obtained by dividing one day into two or more time zones, based on actual results, by a certain predictive calculation formula, and a means for calculating the number of customers by zone per customer. By multiplying the forecast number of customers by the customer unit price for each zone to calculate the sales forecast value for each zone, and by multiplying the sales forecast value for each zone by the actual gross profit rate for each zone, A method for calculating the gross profit forecast for each zone, a method for calculating the optimal labor cost limit for each zone by multiplying the gross profit forecast for each zone by the labor share, and an average labor rate for each past zone Personnel cost and working time optimization system characterized by having means for obtaining unit price and means for obtaining optimum total working hours by zone by dividing the optimum labor cost by zone by average labor unit price by zone . 2. The personnel cost / working time optimization system according to claim 1, wherein the means for calculating the predicted value of the number of customers for each zone is based on past results and calculates the number of customers for each day to be predicted. A personnel cost / working time optimization system characterized by performing a process of apportioning the results by zones using a fixed predictive calculation formula. 3. The personnel cost / working time optimization system according to claim 1, wherein the output of the means for determining the optimum total working time by zone is used to compare the past actual and forecast of the total working time by zone. A labor cost working time optimizing system characterized by having a means for calculating and displaying a gap. 4. A process of calculating a predicted value of the number of customers for each zone, which is obtained by dividing one day into two or more time zones, based on actual results, by a certain predictive calculation formula, and a process of calculating the number of customers per zone per customer. By calculating the sales forecast value for each zone by multiplying the forecast value for the number of customers by the unit price for each zone, and by multiplying the forecast sales value for each zone by the actual gross profit rate for each zone, The process of calculating the gross profit forecast value for each zone, the process of calculating the optimal labor cost quota for each zone by multiplying the gross profit forecast value for each zone by the labor share, and the average labor cost for each past zone A computer program that causes a computer to perform the process of obtaining the unit price and the process of obtaining the optimum total working hours by zone by dividing the optimum labor cost limit for each zone by the average labor unit price for each zone.