JP2003251526A - Gear shaving machining method and shaving tool - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gear shaving machining method allowing shaving machining with high precision and provide a shaving tool being suitable for the gear shaving machining method. <P>SOLUTION: A composite machine tool is provided with a main spindle 17 capable of attaching a gear to be ground and a tool shaft 18 movable relatively for the main spindle 17 to press a core supporting an open end side of the main spindle 17 for use. A shaving cutter 32 is attached to the tool shaft 18 so that a rotary shaft crosses shaft center of the tool shaft 18 substantially orthogonally. A cutter 32 is arranged with a crossing angle for the main spindle 17 to which the gear 20 to be ground is attached. The cutter 32 meshes with the gear 20 to be ground, and the gear 20 to be ground is rotated and driven by moving the cutter 32 along the direction of shaft center of the main spindle 17 while pressing the core in this condition to perform shaving machining. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gear shaving method and a shaving tool suitable for carrying out the gear shaving method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in order to complete a gear,
Machining steps such as turning, gear cutting, and gear finishing are required, and the gear finishing is performed by shaving with a gear shaving machine or grinding with a gear grinder. Gear shaving with the above gear shaving machine means that a shaving cutter is attached to the tool shaft, a work gear is mounted on a turning table rotatably on a shaft extending in the same direction as the rotation shaft of the shaving cutter, and the shaving cutter is twisted. After turning and fixing the turning table so as to form a crossing angle corresponding to the difference between the angle and the twist angle of the gear to be cut, the shaving cutter and the gear to be cut are engaged with each other, and the turning table is rotated while driving the shaving cutter. Is a machining method in which gear finishing is performed by moving the tool in the mounting shaft direction of the gear to be machined.

Therefore, in order to perform the shaving process by the shaving cutter, the dedicated gear shaving machine is used as described above, and in order to perform other processes such as turning and gear cutting other than the shaving process, it is necessary to do so. It is necessary to carry out the machining device and the work for transferring the gear to be machined between the machining devices. As described above, the combined machining including the gear finishing process requires a great deal of cost for a plurality of devices, the installation space thereof, the transportation between the devices, the setup change of each device, etc. Therefore, the combined machining including the gear finishing process is performed. However, this is a major obstacle to high-mix low-volume production.

[0004]

Therefore, a machining function by a shaving cutter is added to the function of a multi-purpose machine tool having versatility such as an NC lathe, so that gear shaving machining and other machining are integrated and capital investment is reduced. A gear shaving method has been proposed which can suppress, reduce the processing time, reduce the movement time between steps, and the like.

However, a multi-purpose machine tool such as an NC lathe has a tool shaft 81 to which a shaving cutter 83 is attached and a main shaft 82 to which a work gear 84 is attached, as shown in FIG. It is a thing. And
The shaving cutter 83 is attached to the tool shaft 81, the gear to be cut 84 is attached to the main shaft 82, and the shaving cutter 83 is attached to the main shaft 82 to which the gear 84 is attached.
The shaving cutter 83 and the gear 84 to be machined are meshed with each other, and the shaving cutter 83 is moved along the axial direction of the main shaft 82 while the main shaft 82 is moved, for example. The shaving process was performed by rotationally driving. Also, the spindle 8
2 has a chuck portion 85, and a jig 86 to which a gear 84 to be cut is attached is chucked to the chuck portion 85.
That is, the jig 86 is composed of a large-diameter portion 86a on the base end side and a small-diameter portion 86a on the front end side. The large-diameter portion 86a is chucked by the chuck portion 85, and the small-diameter portion 86a cuts the work gear 8
4 is attached.

In this case, the shaving cutter 83 applies a radial pressing force to the gear 84 to be cut. However, the jig 8 supporting the work gear 84
6 has a so-called cantilever shape, and the small-diameter portion 86a of the jig 86 may be bent by the pressing force during this shaving process, and if it is bent, the shaving process cannot be performed with high accuracy. .

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, and an object thereof is to perform a highly accurate shaving process, and to form a tooth
It is an object of the present invention to provide a gear shaving method capable of easily adding crowning and the like. Another object is to provide a shaving tool suitable for carrying out the above gear shaving method.

[0008]

[Means and Effects for Solving the Problems]
The gear shaving method of No. 1 includes a main shaft to which a gear to be cut can be attached and a tool shaft that can move relative to the main shaft, and can perform centering to support the open end side of the main shaft. In a compound machine tool such as a lathe, a shaving cutter is attached to a tool shaft such that its rotation axis is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the tool shaft, and then the shaving cutter is attached to a gear to be machined. Arranged so as to have a crossing angle with respect to the main shaft, after that, the shaving cutter and the gear to be machined are meshed with each other, in the meshed state,
By rotatably driving at least one of the shaving cutter and the gear to be cut, while relatively moving the shaving cutter and the gear to be cut along the axial direction of the main shaft while performing the centering, the shaving is performed. It is characterized by processing.

In the gear shaving method according to the first aspect, a multi-purpose machine tool such as an NC lathe having general versatility is used, a gear to be cut is attached to the main shaft, and a shaving cutter is attached to the tool shaft so that the gear to be cut is The shaving cutter and the gear to be machined are meshed with each other with a crossing angle with respect to the attached spindle, and in the meshed state, the shaving cutter and the workpiece are cut along the axial direction of the spindle. Shaving can be performed by rotating at least one of the shaving cutter and the gear to be cut while moving the gear relatively. Therefore, according to this shaving method, since a multi-purpose machine tool such as an NC lathe having versatility is used,
Gear shaving processing and other processing (turning, gear cutting) can be performed, it is possible to consolidate the gear shaving processing and other processing steps, suppress capital investment, reduce processing time, By reducing the transfer time between processes,
The manufacturing cost can be reduced. Especially in recent years,
With the improvement of cold forging technology, gear teeth that have been forged into teeth can be molded with high precision, and since it is possible to complete the gear only by turning and gear shaving, By the above processing method, a much larger cost reduction effect can be obtained. Moreover, during the shaving process, it is possible to perform centering for supporting the open end side of the main shaft, and it is possible to prevent the main shaft from bending during the shaving process. As a result, highly accurate shaving can be performed, and a highly accurate gear can be manufactured.

A gear shaving method according to a second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the main shaft is driven to rotate and the tool shaft is rotatable to perform the shaving process.

In the gear shaving method according to the second aspect of the present invention, since only the main shaft needs to be rotationally driven, it is not necessary to rotationally drive the tool shaft in synchronization with the shaving cutter, which facilitates control during processing. The shaving process can be performed stably.

A gear shaving method according to claim 3 is
It is characterized by using a compound machine tool capable of adjusting the crossing angle by the angle adjusting function on the tool shaft side.

In the gear shaving method according to the third aspect, the crossing angle can be adjusted by the angle adjusting function on the tool shaft side, and the adjustment (fine adjustment) of the angle change can be performed, thereby achieving high precision. Shaving can be done.

A gear shaving method according to claim 4 is
The tool axis is supported by a head that is movable in three axial directions that are orthogonal to each other, and the main axis is arranged in parallel with one of the three axial directions. It is characterized by using a compound machine tool capable of swinging around an axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the tool axis.

In the gear shaving method according to the fourth aspect, the tool shaft is supported by a head that is movable in three axial directions orthogonal to each other, and the main shaft is in one of the three axial directions. Since the tool shaft is arranged in parallel with the shaving cutter, the tool shaft is capable of swinging about the shaft center substantially orthogonal to the shaft center of the tool shaft. Therefore, for example, the shaving cutter is traversed along the shaft center direction of the main shaft. In this case, during this traverse, the cutter side is swung around an axis that is substantially orthogonal to the axis of the tool axis, and is moved in one axial direction that is orthogonal to the axis of the main axis, so that crowning can be easily performed. be able to.

A shaving tool according to a fifth aspect of the invention is a shaving tool used for shaving a gear to be cut, the base end portion of which is attached to a compound machine tool such as an NC lathe, and a tip end of the holder. It is characterized in that it is provided with a shaving cutter which is provided on the side and is rotatable around an axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the holder.

According to the shaving tool of claim 5,
Since the shaving cutter is rotatable about an axis that is orthogonal to the axis of the holder, the axis of the holder and the axis of the shaving cutter are substantially orthogonal to each other, and the shaving cutter and the gear to be machined are separated from each other. When engaged, the shaft center of the holder is substantially orthogonal to the shaft center of the main shaft. As a result, it is possible to avoid the shaving tool from facing the open end surface side of the main shaft, and it is possible to perform centering during the shaving process. By doing this core pushing,
It is possible to prevent the main shaft from bending during the shaving process, to perform the shaving process with high accuracy, and to manufacture a highly accurate gear.

A shaving tool according to a sixth aspect of the present invention includes a main shaft to which a gear to be cut can be attached, and a tool shaft movable relative to the main shaft, and a centering pusher for supporting an open end side of the main shaft. A shaving tool used to shave a gear to be machined in a compound machine tool such as an NC lathe, in which a base end of the holder is attached to the tool shaft, and a holder is provided on the tip side of the holder. And has a shaving cutter rotatable about an axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the tool shaft. Furthermore, the shaving cutter can be arranged with a crossing angle with respect to the main shaft on which the gear to be cut is mounted. And, while relatively moving the shaving cutter and the gear to be cut along the axial direction of the main shaft, at least one of the shaving cutter and the gear to be rotated is rotationally driven. During Ebingu processing, it is characterized by allowing the core pressing of the composite machine tool.

According to the shaving tool of claim 6,
While using a multi-purpose machine tool such as an NC lathe having general versatility, the gear to be cut is attached to the main shaft, while the holder is attached to the tool shaft so that it is arranged with a crossing angle with respect to the main shaft on which the work gear is attached. After that, the shaving cutter and the gear to be cut are meshed with each other, and in the meshed state, the shaving cutter and the gear to be ground are relatively moved along the axial direction of the main shaft while the shaving cutter and the gear to be ground are relatively moved. By rotating at least one of the cutting gear,
Shaving can be performed. Therefore, according to this shaving tool, it is possible to consolidate the gear shaving processing step and other processing steps, and suppress manufacturing costs by reducing equipment investment, processing time, and movement time between steps. Can be reduced. Moreover, since the shaving tool allows the centering during the shaving process, it is possible to prevent the main shaft from bending during the shaving process. As a result, highly accurate shaving processing can be performed.

The shaving tool according to claim 7 is characterized in that a rotation restricting means is provided for restricting relative rotation between the holder and the shaving cutter except when shaving.

According to the shaving tool of claim 7,
The rotation restricting means can keep the relative rotation between the holder and the shaving cutter in a constant relationship except during the shaving process. Accordingly, at the start of the shaving process, the phase matching work between the shaving cutter and the gear to be cut can be performed easily and accurately, and the advantage of improving the processing accuracy can be surely obtained.

In the shaving tool according to the present invention, the rotation restricting means is provided on the holder side and can be moved back and forth along the axial direction of the holder, and the pressing pin is advanced to move the pressing pin on the shaving cutter side. A pressing mechanism for pressing the pressing pin against the cutter supporting part to restrict the rotation of the shaving cutter, and a rotation restriction releasing mechanism for retracting the pressing pin against the advancing force of the pressing mechanism to release the restriction. It is characterized by having.

In the shaving tool according to claim 8,
If the pressing mechanism advances the pressing pin and presses the pressing pin against the cutter supporting portion on the shaving cutter side, the rotation of the shaving cutter is regulated, and thus the relative rotation between the holder and the shaving cutter is fixed. Can be maintained at. Further, in the rotation restriction releasing mechanism, if the pressing pin is retracted against the advancing force of the pressing mechanism,
The rotation restriction is released, and the shaving cutter becomes rotatable. Shaving can be performed in this rotatable state. In other words, with this shaving tool, it is possible to easily switch between the rotation restricted state and the rotatable state of the shaving cutter, and it is possible to perform accurate and quick tooth matching during shaving processing, and to perform high-precision processing. You can do it efficiently.

A shaving tool according to a ninth aspect is characterized in that the base end portion of the holder has an automatic exchangeable structure having a taper shank portion or the like.

In the shaving tool according to claim 9,
Since the base end portion of the holder has an automatic exchangeable structure having a tapered shank portion or the like, the shaving tool can be removed from the compound machine tool when the shaving tool is not used. As a result, other tools can be attached to the compound machine tool, and the compound machine tool can be effectively used. Furthermore, the shaving tool can be repaired and inspected while the shaving tool is removed, and the next shaving process can be performed accurately.

[0026]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, an embodiment of a gear shaving method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings together with a gear shaving apparatus used at that time and a shaving tool used at that time. To do.

In this embodiment, the gear shaving apparatus uses an NC lathe which is a general-purpose compound machine tool, and as shown in FIG. 6, the gear shaving apparatus includes a base 1 and this base 1. A headstock 2 attached to the base 1, a moving base 3 arranged on the base 1, and a tailstock 4 slidably arranged on the base 1.

That is, the movable table 3 comprises a Z-axis table 5, a Y-axis table 6 and an X-axis table 7. In this case, the base 1 has Z
A guide rail G for guiding the slide of the headstock 5 in the Z-axis direction (longitudinal direction of the base 1) is provided.
A guide rail G for guiding the slide of the headstock 6 in the width direction of the base 1 is provided, and the Y-axis base 6 has an X-axis on its inclined surface 8 (inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the vertical plane). X on table 7
A guide rail G that guides slide in the axial direction (the direction along the inclined surface 8 and the direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction) is provided. In this case, the Y-axis base 6 moves in the Y-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis and the Z-axis, and the movement in the Y-axis direction is performed by sliding the Y-axis base 6 in the width direction of the base 1. , X
It can be performed in combination with the slide of the headstock 7 in the X-axis direction.

Further, the movable table 3 is provided with a drive mechanism 10 for sliding (reciprocating) the X-axis table 7 in the X-axis direction. In this case, the drive mechanism 10 includes a nut member (not shown) provided on the X-axis base 7, a screw shaft 11 provided on the Y-axis base 6 side, and a motor 12 for rotating the screw shaft 11 around its axis. Equipped with. That is, the motor 12
Drive causes the screw shaft 11 to rotate about its axis, so that the nut member 10 screwed onto the screw shaft 11 becomes
1, the X-axis base 7 slides in the X-axis direction. Although the other Y-axis base 6 and Z-axis base 5 are not shown, they can be slid by a drive mechanism similar to the drive mechanism 10 described above.

A head (turret head) 1 is mounted on the X-axis base 7.
4 is attached. The head 14 includes a base portion 15 fixed to the X-axis base 7 and a swinging portion 16 pivotally mounted on the base portion 15 so as to swing.
Is supported. In this case, the tool shaft 17 includes the swinging part 1
The swing of 6 swings in the direction of arrow B around the axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the tool shaft 17. For the swinging of the swinging portion 16, a known swinging mechanism used for a turning table of a general machine tool or the like is used.

Further, the headstock 2 has a main shaft 18, and a gear 20 to be shaving is attached to the main shaft 18, as shown in FIG. In this case, the work gear 20 is attached to the main shaft 18 via the jig 21.
That is, the jig 21 has a large-diameter portion 22 on the base end side and a small-diameter portion 23 on the tip end side, and the main shaft 18 has the chuck portion 2.
4, the chuck portion 24 has a large diameter portion 22 of the jig 21.
Is chucked, and the work gear 20 is attached to the small diameter portion 23 of the jig 21.
Is installed. The rotation angle of the main shaft 18 can be controlled. Here, the controllable rotation angle means that the main shaft 18 can be fixed at a position of an arbitrary rotation angle, and the rotation angular velocity can also be set arbitrarily. A rotary drive motor (not shown) that drives the spindle 18 to rotate is mounted on the headstock 2. As will be described later, the open end of the spindle 18 is the small diameter portion 2 of the jig 21.
3 shall refer to the open end.

Next, the tailstock 4 is, as shown in FIG.
It is attached to the base 1 so as to be slidable in the Z-axis direction so as to face the headstock 2. That is, the base 1 is provided with the guide rail 25 along the Z-axis direction,
The tailstock 4 slides along the guide rail 25. Further, the tailing base 4 has a tailing shaft 26 arranged on an extension of the axis of the main shaft 18, and the tailing shaft 26
A center 27 is provided at the tip of the. Therefore, the spindle 1
When the tailstock 4 is moved closer to the main shaft 18 with the work gear 20 attached to the shaft 8, the center 27 of the tailstock 4 supports the open end of the main shaft 18. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the tip conical portion of the center 27 presses and supports the end surface of the jig 21.

The rotation angle of the tool shaft 17 can be adjusted by a rotation angle control mechanism (function).
Further, the turret head 14 is equipped with a rotary drive motor (not shown) for rotationally driving the tool shaft 17.
A shaving tool A as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 is attached to the tool shaft 17. The shaving tool A includes a holder 28 having a base holder 30 and an arbor holder 31, and a cutter arbor 41 and the like rotatable about an axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the holder 28 (the axis of the base holder 30).

The base holder 30 of the holder 28 comprises a taper shank portion 33 on the base end side, a large diameter portion 34, and a cylindrical portion 35 on the tip end side, and a hole extending from the taper shank portion 33 to the large diameter portion 34. A portion 36 is provided, and this hole portion 36,
The inside of the cylindrical portion 35 is communicated with each other through a communication hole 37. Further, the arbor holder 31 includes a main body 39 having a shaft hole 38, and a protruding shaft 40 protruding from the main body 39, and the protruding shaft 40 is fitted and fixed to the cylindrical portion 35 of the base holder 30. , Integrated with the base holder 30.

The shaving cutter 32 is composed of a disk body having a central hole 32a, and the concave and convex teeth 3 are formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof.
2b is formed. A plurality of grooves are formed on the tooth surface, and the line of intersection between the groove and the tooth surface acts as a cutting edge. That is, generally, when shaving, the cutter 32 is pressed against the work gear 20 to be finished and is moved in the axial direction while the cutter 32 and the work gear 20 are being machined.
The tooth surface of the gear 20 to be machined is finished by the force generated by the difference in the twist angle (crossing angle). At this time, the cutter 32 and the gear 20 to be cut are relatively rotated. The cutter arbor 41 is rotatably attached to the arbor holder 31. The cutter arbor 41 includes a shaft fitting portion 43 that is rotatably inserted into the shaft center hole 38 of the arbor holder 31 via bearings 42a and 42b, a large-diameter flange portion 44, and a shaving cutter 32. 45,
A screw shaft 46 protruding from the cutter fitting portion 45 is provided. A screw portion 47 is formed at the end of the shaft portion 43.

Therefore, the shaft portion 43 of the cutter arbor 41 is inserted into the shaft center hole 38 of the arbor holder 31, the nut member 48 is screwed into the screw portion 47 protruding from the shaft center hole 38, and the disk-shaped clamper 49 is attached. The nut arbor 41 is screwed onto the screw shaft 46 via the cutter arbor 41.
The shaving cutter 32 fitted to the cutter fitting portion 45 can be attached to the. In this case, the collar 44
Between the side bearing 42b and the collar portion 44, the shaft portion 43
When the collar 51 is externally fitted and the nut members 48 and 50 are tightened, the protrusion 29 on the inner diameter side of the one end surface 44a of the collar portion 44 and the collar 51 come into contact with each other, and the collar portion 44 and the main body of the arbor holder 31. A gap S (see FIG. 7) is formed between the portion 39 and the portion 39. As a result, the cutter arbor 41 is rotatable about its axis.

Further, a key groove 52 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter fitting portion 45, and a key groove 53 facing the key groove 52 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the shaving cutter 32. The key 54 is fitted to prevent the shaving cutter 32 from rotating with respect to the cutter arbor 41. Further, the clamper 49 has a through hole 55 through which the screw shaft 46 is inserted, and a protruding peripheral portion 56 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the end surface on the cutter side, and the protruding peripheral portion 56 presses the shaving cutter 32. That is, the clamper 49 presses only the shaving cutter 32, so that the shaving cutter 32 is stably fixed to the cutter arbor 41. For this reason, the shaving cutter 32 is attached to the cutter arbor 4 about an axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the holder 28.
It rotates together with 1. Sealing materials 57 and 58 are attached to both ends of the shaft hole 38 of the arbor holder 31. In this case, on the outer side in the axial direction of the bearing 42a,
A collar 59 is fitted on the shaft portion 43, a sealing material 57 is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the collar 59, and a sealing material 58 is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the collar 51. Further, a washer (chrysanthemum washer) 60 is interposed between the collar 59 and the nut member (chrysanthemum nut) 48.

By the way, the shaving tool A is provided with a rotation restricting means 61 for restricting the rotation of the shaving cutter 32. The rotation restricting means 61 is provided on the holder 28 side and is capable of moving back and forth along the axial direction of the holder 28, and the cutter supporting portion 63 on the shaving cutter 32 side by advancing the pressing pin 62.
(In this case, the cutter fitting portion 45 and the brim portion 44) are pressed against the pressing pin 62 to restrict the rotation of the shaving cutter 32, and the advancing force of the pressing mechanism 64 is resisted. Then, the rotation restriction releasing mechanism 65 for releasing the restriction by retracting the pressing pin 62 is provided.

That is, as shown in FIG. 7, a through hole 66 parallel to the axis of the cutter arbor 41 is provided in the main body 39 of the arbor holder 31, and the pressing pin 62 is fitted in the through hole 66 so as to be movable back and forth. Have been combined. This through hole 66
Has a large diameter portion 66a and a small diameter portion 66b.
The large diameter base portion 62a of the pressing pin 62 is fitted in a, and the shaft portion 62b of the pressing pin 62 is fitted in the small diameter portion 66b. Further, in this case, the pressing mechanism 64 is made of an elastic body 68 such as a coil spring, is housed in the large diameter portion 66a of the through hole 66, and the plug member 67 is screwed into the opening portion of the large diameter portion 66a. As a result, the elastic force of the elastic body 68 pushes the pressing pin 62 forward (toward the cutter) as indicated by arrow C, and the tip surface 62c of the pressing pin 62 presses the end surface 44a of the collar portion 44. Therefore, the rotation of the cutter arbor 41 is restricted, and the rotation of the cutter 32 is restricted. In addition,
The tip surface 62c of the pressing pin 62 is preferably provided with a lining in order to increase the frictional resistance and to reliably exert the rotation restricting force.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the rotation restriction release mechanism 65 has a hole portion 36 of the base holder 30 and a communication hole 37.
In addition, the working oil or the cutting oil may be supplied to the large diameter portion 66a of the through hole 66 through the through hole 70 provided in the shaft portion 40 and the like. Therefore, the through hole 70
Is one opening 70a (opening on the side of the through hole 66),
The pressing pin 62 is opened closer to the tip surface 62c side than the large diameter portion 62a, and the other opening 70b is the connecting hole 71 of the protruding shaft portion 40.
It is open to. In addition, the communication hole 37 of the base holder 30
Is communicated with this connecting hole 71. Therefore, when the hydraulic oil is supplied to the hole 36 of the base holder 30, the hydraulic oil is supplied from the hole 36 to the large diameter portion 66a of the through hole 66 through the communication hole 37, the connecting hole 71, and the through hole 70. The pressure of the hydraulic oil causes the pressing pin 62 to withdraw against the elastic force of the elastic body 68 as shown by the arrow D in FIG.
2c is separated from the end surface 44a of the collar portion 44. As a result, the rotation restriction by the pressing pin 62 of the cutter arbor 41 is released, and the cutter 32 becomes rotatable.

By the way, the base end portion of the holder 28, that is, the base portion of the base holder 30 is the taper shank portion 33.
As a result, an automatically replaceable structure is formed. That is, the tool shaft 17 is formed with an attached hole portion (not shown) as an attached portion into which the taper shank portion 33 is inserted, and the tapered shank portion 33 is inserted into the attached hole portion. , Pull bolts (not shown) are attached.

Next, a method of shaving the gear 20 to be cut by using the above-described shaving tool A will be described. First, the work gear 20 is attached to the main shaft 18, and the shaving tool A is attached to the tool shaft 17. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the jig 21 to which the work gear 20 is attached is attached to the spindle 18 via the chuck portion 24, and the taper shank portion 3 of the shaving tool A is attached.
3 is inserted into the attached hole portion of the tool shaft 17 and attached to the tool shaft 17 via a pull bolt. In this case, the work gear 20
Either of the shaving tool A and the shaving tool A may be attached first.

When the gear 20 to be cut and the shaving tool A are attached to this compound machine tool, the rotation axis of the shaving cutter 32 is substantially orthogonal to the axis of the tool shaft 17, and the main shaft is rotated. On the open end side of 18, there is no obstacle such as the shaving cutter 32. Therefore, in order to bring the tailstock 4 closer to the main shaft 18 along the Z-axis and perform the centering during the shaving process, the tip conical portion of the center 27 of the tailstock 4 is held by the work gear 20. The jig 21 is pressed against the open end surface of the small diameter portion 23.

Next, the shaving tool A is rotated around the axis of the tool shaft 17 by the rotation angle control mechanism (function) of the tool shaft 17, and the shaving cutter 32 is cut off as shown in FIG. The main shaft 18 to which the gear 20 is attached is arranged with a crossing angle Q. In this state, the turret head 14 is moved along the X axis (see FIG. 6) to form the gear 20 to be cut.
Then, the shaving cutter 32 and the gear 20 to be machined are aligned with each other. At this time, the rotation angle control mechanism (function) of the main shaft 18 rotates the main shaft 18 around its axis to perform tooth matching. In this case, since the pressing pin 62 of the rotation restricting means 61 presses the flange portion 44 of the cutter arbor 41 to restrict the rotation of the shaving cutter 32, this tooth matching can be performed accurately and quickly.

After the completion of tooth matching, the rotation restriction means 61 releases the rotation restriction of the shaving cutter 32. That is, by supplying the hydraulic oil to the large diameter portion 66a of the through hole 66 of the arbor holder 31, the pressing pin 62 is retracted. This allows the shaving cutter 32 to rotate around its axis. In this state, the spindle 18 is rotated around its axis, and while the centering is performed, the tool shaft 17 is traversed along the Z-axis direction (axial direction of the spindle 18) to perform shaving. At this time, the cut amount can be set by the movement amount in the X-axis direction, and the traverse amount can be set by the movement amount in the Z-axis direction.

As described above, by using the shaving tool A, centering can be performed even with a general-purpose compound machine tool as shown in FIG. Therefore, the bending of the jig 21 during the shaving process can be avoided (prevented), the processing accuracy can be improved, and a highly accurate product (gear) can be manufactured. Also, the turret head 1
4 can be swung (turned) as shown by arrow B, and Z
When traversing in the axial direction, the swinging in the direction of arrow B and the movement in the X-axis direction can easily perform the crowning as shown in FIG. Here, the crowning means that the tooth thickness is gradually reduced from the central portion of the tooth 75 toward both side ends of the tooth 75 as shown by the solid line, and an appropriate bulge is added in the tooth trace direction. On the other hand, in the conventional shaving machine in which the cutter side is fixed, the work (gear to be machined) side has to perform a motion for crowning, which is a complicated equipment mechanism.

Further, since only the main shaft 18 needs to be rotationally driven, it is not necessary to rotationally drive the tool shaft 17 in synchronization with the shaving cutter, control during processing becomes easy, and shaving processing is stably performed. be able to.
Furthermore, the intersection angle Q can be adjusted by the angle adjusting function on the tool shaft 17 side, the angle change can be adjusted (fine adjustment), and highly accurate shaving processing can be performed. Moreover, since rotation of the shaving cutter 32 is restricted by the rotation restricting means 61 except during the shaving process, the shaving cutter 32 and the work gear 20 can be easily and accurately phased. Therefore, the advantage of improving the processing accuracy can be surely obtained. In particular, the rotation restricting means 61 restricts the rotation of the shaving cutter 32 by pressing the pressing pin 62, which can be moved back and forth along the axial direction, and the pressing pin 62 against the cutter supporting portion 45 on the shaving cutter 32 side. A pressing mechanism 64 for rotating and a rotation restriction releasing mechanism 65 that retracts the pressing pin 62 against the advancing force of the pressing mechanism 64,
It is possible to easily switch between the rotation restricted state and the rotatable state of the shaving cutter, the teeth can be accurately and quickly aligned during the shaving process, and the highly accurate process can be efficiently performed.

Further, since the shaving tool A is attachable / detachable to / from the tool shaft 17, the shaving tool A is attached only when performing shaving processing, and the shaving tool A is removed when performing other processing, and its attached portion is attached. It can be used to attach other processing tools. In other words, it becomes possible to consolidate the shaving process and other processes (turning, gear cutting), and reduce manufacturing costs by suppressing capital investment, reducing machining time, and reducing movement time between processes. Can be planned. Especially in recent years,
With the improvement of cold forging technology, gear materials that have undergone toothed forging can be molded with high precision, and since it is possible to complete gears only by turning and gear shaving, By the above processing method, a much larger cost reduction effect can be obtained. Moreover, the shaving tool A can be repaired and inspected while the shaving tool A is removed, and the next shaving process can be performed accurately.

Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and various modifications can be carried out within the scope of the present invention. For example, the shaving cutter 32 may be rotationally driven, and during the shaving process, the shaving cutter 32 and the gear 20 to be cut may be synchronously rotated. In this case, shaving tool A
A transmission mechanism or the like for transmitting the rotational driving force of the tool shaft 17 may be provided in the. On the contrary, the main shaft 18 side is rotatable,
The shaving cutter 32 side may be rotationally driven. Further, the compound machine tool has a main spindle 18 that is driven to rotate and a movable table 3 whose position can be controlled. The movable table 3 has a Z axis parallel to the main axis 18 and an X axis orthogonal to the Z axis. It may be movable only in two axis directions with the axis. That is, it is possible to perform the shaving process in the same manner as described above even in a biaxially controlled compound machine tool having no Y axis as a movement axis. Further, the compound machine tool may be one in which the main shaft 18 side can move in the Z-axis direction, and in this case, shaving can be performed by traversing the gear 20 to be cut in the Z-axis direction. Further, the compound machine tool is not limited to the horizontal NC lathe as in the embodiment, but may be a vertical NC lathe or the like.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an essential part showing an embodiment of a gear shaving apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a gear to be cut and a shaving cutter in a gear shaving apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a shaving tool of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the shaving tool.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the shaving tool.

FIG. 6 is an overall perspective view of the gear shaving apparatus.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of the shaving tool.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing crowning.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a main part of a conventional gear shaving apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

14 heads 17 Tool axis 18 spindle 20 Work gear 28 Holder 32 shaving cutter 33 Tapered shank 61 Rotation restriction means 62 push pin 63 Cutter support 64 pressing mechanism 65 Rotation restriction release mechanism Q crossing angle

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. An NC lathe or the like having a main shaft to which a gear to be cut can be attached and a tool shaft movable relative to the main shaft, and capable of centering supporting an open end side of the main shaft. In the compound machine tool, after the shaving cutter is attached to the tool shaft so that its rotation axis is substantially orthogonal to the axis of the tool shaft, the shaving cutter is attached to the main shaft to which the gear to be cut is attached. The shaving cutter and the gear to be machined are meshed with each other, and the shaving cutter is provided along the axial direction of the main shaft while the centering is performed in the meshed state. Shaving is performed by rotating at least one of the shaving cutter and the gear to be machined while moving the gear to be machined relatively. Processing method. 2. The gear shaving method according to claim 1, wherein the main shaft is rotationally driven and the tool shaft is rotatable to perform the shaving process. 3. The gear shaving method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a compound machine tool capable of adjusting the intersection angle is used by the angle adjusting function on the tool shaft side. 4. The tool shaft is supported by a head that can move in three axial directions orthogonal to each other, and the main shaft has the above-mentioned three.
It is characterized in that it is arranged parallel to one of the axial directions, and that the tool shaft uses a compound machine tool capable of swinging about an axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the tool shaft. The gear shaving method according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5. A shaving tool used for shaving a gear to be cut, the base end of which is NC.
A shaving tool comprising: a holder that is attached to a compound machine tool such as a lathe; and a shaving cutter that is provided on the tip side of the holder and is rotatable about an axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the holder. 6. An NC lathe or the like having a main shaft to which a gear to be cut can be attached and a tool shaft movable relative to the main shaft, and capable of centering supporting an open end side of the main shaft. A shaving tool used for shaving a gear to be machined in a multi-function machine tool, comprising: a holder whose base end is attached to the tool shaft; and a shaft of the tool shaft provided on the tip side of the holder. It has a shaving cutter rotatable about an axis substantially orthogonal to the center, and the shaving cutter can be arranged with an intersecting angle with respect to the main shaft on which the gear to be cut is mounted, and During the shaving process in which at least one of the shaving cutter and the gear to be machined is rotationally driven while the shaving cutter and the gear to be machined are relatively moved along the axial direction of A shaving tool that allows the above centering of a working machine. 7. The shaving tool according to claim 5, further comprising a rotation restricting means for restricting relative rotation between the holder and the shaving cutter except when shaving. 8. A rotation control means is provided on the holder side and is capable of moving back and forth along the axial direction thereof, and
A pressing mechanism that advances the pressing pin to press the pressing pin against the cutter supporting portion on the shaving cutter side to restrict the rotation of the shaving cutter, and retracts the pressing pin against the advancing force of the pressing mechanism. The shaving tool according to claim 7, further comprising a rotation regulation releasing mechanism that releases the regulation. 9. The shaving tool according to claim 7, wherein the base end portion of the holder has an automatic exchangeable structure having a taper shank portion or the like.