JP2003203513A - Light source device and light deflecting element for it - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light source device having a narrow distribution of emitted light, capable of enhancing efficiency in using the quantity of light of a primary light source, and easy to enhance image quality of a display device with a simplified structure. <P>SOLUTION: This light source device is provided with a light guiding body 3 to guide primary light source light and to emit it on the angle from an light emitting surface 33, and a light deflecting element 4 disposed adjacent to the light emitting surface 33. A plurality of parallel prism rows are formed on the light entering surface 41 of the light deflecting element. Virtual prism rows 1 arranged at the same pitch as one for the prism rows are hypothetically set, and its vertical angle θ is set so that virtual light passing toward the peak emitted light from the light emitting surface 33 by almost touching the top part of the adjacent virtual prism enters from a prism surface I-1 and advances toward the line normal to the light exiting surface by being internally and totally reflected by the virtual prism surface I-2. The prism surface of the light entering surface 41 take the form of a projecting curved surface having a larger inclined angle than an inclined angle made by the virtual prism surface I-2 to the light exiting surface 42 at a position closer to the light exiting surface 42 than to a position K2 where the virtual light is internally and totally reflected. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an edge light type light source device constituting a liquid crystal display device used as a display unit in a notebook computer, a liquid crystal television or the like, and more particularly to a light emitting surface of a light guide. The present invention relates to an improvement of the light deflection element arranged on the side.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years,
Color liquid crystal display devices have been widely used in various fields as monitors for portable notebook personal computers, personal computers, etc., or as display units for liquid crystal televisions, video-integrated liquid crystal televisions, etc. In addition, with the increase in the amount of information processing, the diversification of needs, the compatibility with multimedia, and the like, large screens and high definition of liquid crystal display devices have been actively promoted.

A liquid crystal display device basically comprises a backlight section and a liquid crystal display element section. As the backlight unit, there are a direct type in which a light source is arranged directly below the liquid crystal display element part and an edge light type in which a light source is arranged so as to face the side end face of the light guide body. The edge light method is often used from the standpoint of improvement.

By the way, in recent years, in a display device having a relatively small screen size and a relatively narrow viewing direction range, for example, in a liquid crystal display device used as a display portion of a mobile phone,
From the viewpoint of reducing power consumption, in order to effectively use the amount of light emitted from the primary light source as an edge light type backlight unit, the spread angle of the light flux emitted from the screen is made as small as possible and concentrated in the required angle range. The one that emits light by using the above has been used.

As described above, the display device has a limited viewing direction range, and serves as a light source device that concentrates light in a relatively narrow range in order to increase the utilization efficiency of the light amount of the primary light source and reduce the power consumption. The applicant of the present invention is Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-26.
No. 5574, it is proposed to use a prism sheet having prism forming surfaces on both surfaces adjacent to the light emitting surface of the light guide. In this double-sided prism sheet, a plurality of prism rows parallel to each other are formed on each of the light incident surface which is one surface and the light emitting surface which is the other surface,
The prism row directions of the light entrance surface and the light exit surface are aligned with each other, and the prism rows are arranged at corresponding positions. This allows
The light emitted from the light exit surface of the light guide has a peak of the exit light in a direction inclined with respect to the light exit surface and is distributed and emitted in an appropriate angular range from one prism surface of the light entrance surface of the prism sheet. The light is made incident and internally reflected by the other prism surface, and is further refracted by the prism of the light output surface, so that the light is concentrated and emitted in a relatively narrow required direction.

According to this light source device, concentrated light emission in a narrow angle range is possible, but a plurality of prism rows parallel to each other are formed on both sides as a prism sheet used as a light deflecting element. It is necessary to match the prism row directions with each other and to arrange the prism rows at corresponding positions, which complicates this molding.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to control the distribution of emitted light to be extremely narrow, and to improve the utilization efficiency of the light quantity of the primary light source (that is, to concentrate the light emitted from the primary light source in a desired observation direction). It is to provide a light source device which has a high efficiency of emitting light) and has a simplified structure and which can easily improve image quality.

[0008]

According to the present invention, in order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, a primary light source, a light incident surface on which the light emitted from the primary light source is incident, and an incident light are guided. And a light deflection element disposed adjacent to the light emission surface of the light guide body, the light deflection element facing the light emission surface of the light guide body. Has a light entrance surface and a light exit surface opposite to the light entrance surface, and a plurality of prism rows arranged in parallel with each other are formed on the light entrance surface, and the prism row includes two prisms. At least one prism surface has a peak emission light in the emission light distribution of the light emitted from the light emission surface of the light guide, and the inner surface is the other prism surface. The light deflector is totally reflected and emitted from the light emitting surface in a desired direction. Assuming a plurality of virtual prism rows that are arranged at the same pitch as the arrangement pitch of the prism rows and have an apex angle of θ, a light source having a convex curved surface shape with reference to the shape of the virtual prism rows. A device is provided.

In one aspect of the present invention, at least one prism surface of each prism row of the light deflection element has a direction of peak emission light in an emission light distribution of light emitted from the light emission surface of the light guide. At least a part of the prism surface of the virtual prism row at a position closer to the light output surface than the position where virtual light passing through the top of the adjacent virtual prism row is totally reflected by the other prism surface of the virtual prism row. Has a convex curved surface shape having an inclination angle larger than the inclination angle with respect to the light emitting surface.

In one aspect of the present invention, the prism array has a common bottom portion with the virtual prism array, and the convex curved surface shape is a value of a radius of curvature r standardized by an array pitch P of the prism arrays (r / P) is a convex cylindrical surface shape of 2 to 80. In one aspect of the present invention, a ratio of a maximum distance d between a convex curved prism surface of each prism array of the light deflecting element and a prism surface of the virtual prism array and an array pitch P of the prism array (d / P) is 0.05 to 5%.

In one aspect of the present invention, the inclination angle of the prism surface on the side closer to the primary light source of the virtual prism array with respect to the light exit surface is 45 degrees or more. In one aspect of the present invention, the light exit surface of the light guide and / or the back surface on the opposite side is a surface having a directional light exit function. In one aspect of the present invention, the surface having the directional light emitting function is a rough surface or a surface composed of an array of a large number of lens rows. In one aspect of the present invention, a light reflecting element is arranged facing the back surface.

According to the present invention, to achieve the above object, a primary light source, a light incident surface on which the light emitted from the primary light source is incident, and a light which guides the incident light and emits the light. A light guide having an emission surface and a plurality of prism rows arranged adjacent to the light emission surface of the light guide and facing the light emission surface of the light guide and arranged in parallel with each other are formed. A light deflecting element having a light incident surface and a light emitting surface on the opposite side, and in a plane perpendicular to the light incident surface and the light emitting surface of the light emitted from the light emitting surface of the light guide. The full width at half maximum B of the emitted light distribution exceeds 36 degrees,
The half value width A of the emitted light distribution of the light emitted from the light emitting surface of the light deflection element in a plane perpendicular to the light incident surface and the light emitting surface is 30 to 70% of the half value width B. A light source device is provided.

In one aspect of the present invention, the half width B of the emitted light distribution of the light emitted from the light emitting surface of the light guide on a plane perpendicular to the light incident surface and the light emitting surface is 40 degrees or less. .

Further, according to the present invention, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, it has a light entrance surface on which a plurality of prism rows arranged in parallel with each other are formed and an exit surface on the opposite side, The prism array has two prism faces,
At least one prism surface receives the peak incident light in the distribution of the light incident on the light incident surface from one prism surface and is totally internally reflected on the other prism surface and emitted from the light exit surface in a desired direction. And, assuming a plurality of virtual prism rows arranged at the same pitch as the prism rows of the light deflection element and having an apex angle of θ, a convex curved surface shape is formed with the shape of the virtual prism rows as a reference. An optical deflecting element is provided.

In one aspect of the present invention, at least one prism surface of each prism row of the light deflecting element is arranged in an adjacent virtual prism row in the direction of peak incident light in the distribution of light incident on the light entrance surface. At least a part of the prism surface of the virtual prism row is at a position closer to the light output surface than the position where the virtual light passing through the top part is totally internally reflected by the other prism surface of the virtual prism row with respect to the light output surface. It has a convex curved surface shape having a larger inclination angle than the inclined angle.

In one aspect of the present invention, the prism row has a common bottom portion with the virtual prism row, and the convex curved surface shape has a value of a radius of curvature r normalized by an array pitch P of the prism rows (r / P) is a convex cylindrical surface shape of 2 to 80. In one aspect of the present invention, a ratio of a maximum distance d between a convex curved prism surface of each prism array of the light deflecting element and a prism surface of the virtual prism array and an array pitch P of the prism array (d / P) is 0.05 to 5%.

In one aspect of the present invention, an inclination angle of one prism surface of the virtual prism array with respect to the light output surface is 45 degrees or more. In one aspect of the invention,
A flat portion or a curved portion is provided on the top of the prism array. In one aspect of the present invention, a light diffusion layer is formed on the light output surface side of the light deflection element. In one aspect of the present invention, a light diffusing agent is contained in the prism array of the light deflection element.

[0018]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an embodiment of a surface light source device according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the surface light source device of the present invention includes a light guide 3 having at least one side end surface as a light incident surface 31 and one surface substantially orthogonal thereto as a light emitting surface 33. , A primary light source 1 arranged facing the light incident surface 31 of the light guide 3 and covered with a light source reflector 2, a light deflection element 4 arranged on the light emission surface of the light guide 3, The light reflecting element 5 is arranged so as to face the back surface 34 of the light emitting surface 33 of the body 3.

The light guide 3 is arranged parallel to the XY plane and has a rectangular plate shape as a whole. The light guide 3 has four side end faces, and at least one side end face of the pair of side end faces parallel to the YZ plane is the light incident face 31.
And The light incident surface 31 is arranged so as to face the light source 1, and the light emitted from the light source 1 enters the light guide 3 through the light incident surface 31. In the present invention, for example, the light source may be arranged on another side end surface such as the side end surface 32 facing the light incident surface 31.

The two main surfaces of the light guide 3 which are substantially orthogonal to the light incident surface 31 are positioned substantially parallel to the XY plane, and one of the two surfaces (the upper surface in the figure) is the light emitting surface 33. Become.
At least one of the light emitting surface 33 and the back surface 34 thereof is provided with a directional light emitting functional section formed of a rough surface, and a large number of lens rows such as a prism row, a lenticular lens row, and a V-shaped groove. By providing a directional light emitting function portion formed of lens surfaces formed in parallel with each other substantially parallel to 31, the light incident from the light incident surface 31 is guided through the light guide 3 and the light is emitted from the light emitting surface 33. Light having directionality is emitted in the emitted light distribution in the plane (XZ plane) orthogonal to the incident surface 31 and the light emitting surface 33. The angle formed by the direction of the peak of the emitted light distribution in the XZ in-plane distribution and the light emitting surface 31 is α. The angle α is, for example, 10 to 40 degrees, and the full width at half maximum of the emitted light distribution is, for example, 10 to 40 degrees.

The rough surface and the lens array formed on the surface of the light guide 3 have an average inclination angle θ according to ISO4287 / 1-1984.
It is preferable that a is in the range of 0.5 to 15 ° from the viewpoint of achieving uniformity of luminance within the light emitting surface 33. The average inclination angle θa is more preferably in the range of 1 to 12 °, and even more preferably in the range of 1.5 to 11 °. It is preferable that the optimum range of the average inclination angle θa is set by the ratio (L / t) between the thickness (t) of the light guide 3 and the length (L) in the propagation direction of incident light. That is, the light guide 3
When L / t of about 20 to 200 is used, the average inclination angle θa is preferably 0.5 to 7.5 °, more preferably 1 to 5 °, and more preferably Is in the range of 1.5 to 4 °. In addition, the light guide 3
When using L / t of about 20 or less,
The average inclination angle θa is preferably 7 to 12 °, and more preferably 8 to 11 °.

The average inclination angle θ of the rough surface formed on the light guide 3.
According to ISO4287 / 1-1984, a is a rough surface shape measured using a stylus type surface roughness meter, and the coordinate in the measurement direction is x, and the obtained gradient function f (x) is used to calculate the following (1).
It can be obtained by using the formula and the formula (2). Here, L is the measurement length, and Δa is the tangent of the average inclination angle θa.

Δa = (1 / L) ∫ ₀ ^L | (d / Dx) f (x) | dx (1) θa = tan ⁻¹ (Δa) (2) Further, the light guide 3, the light emission rate is 0.5 to 5
% Is preferable, and more preferably 1 to 3.
% Range. This is because when the light emission rate is less than 0.5%, the amount of light emitted from the light guide 3 is small and sufficient luminance cannot be obtained, and when the light emission rate is more than 5%, a large amount is generated in the vicinity of the light source 1. This is because the above light is emitted, the light is significantly attenuated in the X direction within the light emitting surface 33, and the uniformity of luminance on the light emitting surface 33 tends to be reduced. In this way, the light output rate of the light guide 3 is 0.5 to 5%.
Therefore, the angle of the peak light in the outgoing light distribution of the light exiting from the light exit surface is 50 with respect to the normal to the light exit surface.
The full width at half maximum of the emitted light distribution in the XZ plane, which is in the range of up to 90 ° and is perpendicular to both the light incident surface and the light emitting surface, is 10 to 40.
It is possible to cause the light guide member 3 to emit light having an emission characteristic with a high directivity such that the light emission direction is the same.
It is possible to provide a surface light source element that can be efficiently deflected and that has high brightness.

In the present invention, the light emission rate from the light guide 3 is defined as follows. Light incident surface 31 of light emitting surface 33
The relationship between the light intensity (I ₀ ) of the emitted light at the edge on the side and the intensity (I) of the emitted light at the position at a distance L from the edge on the side of the light incident surface 31 is as follows. When the dimension in the Z direction) is t, the relationship expressed by the following expression (3) is satisfied.

I = I ₀ · a (1-α) ^{L / t} (3) Here, the constant α is the light emission rate, and in the X direction orthogonal to the light incident surface 31 of the light emitting surface 33. Is the ratio (%) of light emitted from the light guide 3 per unit length (length corresponding to the thickness t of the light guide). The light emission rate α is represented by the logarithm of the light intensity of light emitted from the light emitting surface 23 on the vertical axis and (L / L
By plotting t), it can be obtained from the gradient.

In order to control the directivity of the light emitted from the light guide 3 on a plane (YZ plane) parallel to the light source 1 on the other main surface not provided with the directional light emitting function section. In addition, it is preferable to form a lens surface in which a large number of lens rows extending in a direction (X direction) substantially perpendicular to the light incident surface 31 are arranged. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a lens surface having a rough surface formed on the light emitting surface 33 and an array of a large number of lens rows extending on the back surface 34 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the light incident surface 31 (X direction). Is formed. In the present invention, contrary to the form shown in FIG. 1, a lens surface is formed on the light emitting surface 33,
The back surface 34 may be a rough surface.

As shown in FIG. 1, the back surface 34 of the light guide 3 is shown.
Alternatively, when a lens array is formed on the light emitting surface 33, the lens array may be a prism array extending substantially in the X direction, a lenticular lens array, a V-shaped groove, etc., but the cross-sectional shape in the YZ direction is substantially triangular. It is preferable that the prism array is shaped.

In the present invention, when a prism row is formed as the lens row formed on the light guide 3, it is preferable that the apex angle be in the range of 70 to 150 °. This is because by setting the apex angle in this range, the light emitted from the light guide 3 can be sufficiently condensed, and the brightness as a surface light source element can be sufficiently improved. That is, by setting the prism apex angle within this range,
It is possible to emit the condensed outgoing light having a half value width of the outgoing light distribution of 35 to 65 ° on a plane including the peak light in the outgoing light distribution and perpendicular to the XZ plane, and improving the brightness as a surface light source element. be able to. When the prism array is formed on the light emitting surface 33, the apex angle is 80 to 100.
It is preferable to set the prism row to the back surface 34
In the case of forming in the vertical direction, the apex angle is 70 to 80 ° or 100.
It is preferably in the range of 150 °.

In the present invention, instead of forming the light emitting function portion on the light emitting surface 33 or the back surface 34 thereof, or in combination therewith, the light diffusing fine particles are mixed and dispersed in the light guide body. By doing so, a directional light emitting function may be added. Further, the light guide 3 is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 1, and various shapes such as a wedge shape and a boat shape can be used.

The light deflection element 4 includes a light emitting surface 33 of the light guide 3.
It is placed on top. The two main surfaces 41 of the light deflection element 4,
42 are opposed to each other, and are each positioned in parallel with the XY plane as a whole. One of the main surfaces 41, 42 (the main surface located on the light emitting surface 33 side of the light guide) is the light incident surface 41, and the other is the light emitting surface 42. Light output surface 42
Is a flat surface parallel to the light emitting surface 33 of the light guide 3. The light incident surface 41 is a prism forming surface in which a large number of prism rows extending in the Y direction are arranged in parallel with each other.
The prism formation surface may be provided with a relatively narrow flat portion between adjacent prism rows (for example, a flat portion having a width that is about the same as or smaller than the prism row pitch), but improves the light utilization efficiency. From the point of view, it is preferable to continuously form the prism rows without providing the flat portion.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the shape of the prism array on the light incident surface 41 of the light deflection element 4. The shape of the prism array on the light incident surface 41 is set as follows.

That is, assuming that the pitch of the prism array is P, first, the virtual prism array I having a triangular cross section is set. The two prism surfaces I-1 of this virtual prism array I,
The angle formed by I-2 (that is, the vertical angle of the virtual prism) is θ. This virtual prism apex angle θ is determined by the light emitting surface 3 of the light guide 3.
The peak emission light (tilt angle α) of the intensity distribution in the XZ plane of the light arriving from 3 enters the virtual prism array I and is totally internally reflected by the virtual prism surface I-2. It is set to proceed in the normal direction. The virtual prism apex angle θ is, for example, the light exit surface 4 of the light deflection element 4.
When the peak emission light of the light emitted from 2 is directed to the vicinity of the normal direction of the light emitting surface 42 (for example, within a range of ± 10 degrees from the normal direction), it is preferably 50 to 80 degrees,
It is more preferably in the range of 55 to 75 degrees, and even more preferably in the range of 60 to 70 degrees. Further, the inclination angle of one prism surface of the virtual prism row (the angle formed with respect to the light output surface 42) allows the light emitted from the light guide 3 to be efficiently deflected in the desired direction by the light deflection element 4. It is preferably 45 degrees or more, more preferably 47 degrees or more, and further preferably 50 degrees or more.

Next, with reference to the shape of the virtual prism array I whose shape is set as described above, the actual shape of the prism array is determined so that at least one prism surface has a convex curved surface shape. Specifically, it is preferable to determine the actual shape of the prism array as follows. The peak emission light (inclination angle α) of the emission light distribution of the light emitted from the light emitting surface 33 of the light guide body 3 makes the virtual light incident on the virtual prism I by hiding the top of the adjacent virtual prism row on the primary light source 1 side. The position where this virtual light passes through the virtual prism surface I-1 is set as K1, and the position where this virtual light reaches the virtual prism surface I-2 is set as K2.

Normally, it is preferable that the entire surface closer to the light emitting surface 42 than the position K2 has a convex curved surface shape. On the other hand, at the position closer to the light incident surface 41 than the inner surface total reflection position K2 of the prism surface I-2 in the virtual prism array I (that is, the position farther from the light exit surface 42), it may have a planar shape or a convex curved surface shape. . In either case, it is preferable that the prism surface shape in the vicinity of the light output surface 42 side at the position K2 is extended, and the top of the prism row does not have to coincide with the top of the virtual prism row.

As for the shape of the prism array, at a position closer to the light output surface 42 than the total internal reflection position K2 of the prism surface I-2 in the virtual prism array I, at least a part or all of the prism surface has an inclination angle of the virtual surface. It is preferable to have a convex curved surface shape having an inclination angle larger than the inclination angle of the prism surface I-2 of the row I.

This corresponds to the dimension z shown in FIG. 2 (the apex of the prism array and the internal reflection position K of the virtual prism surface I-2).
2 is the following formula: z = {(P · tanα · cot [θ / 2]) / (tan
α + cot [θ / 2])} · [cot [θ / 2] + {c
otθ / (cot [θ / 2] -cotθ)}], the actual prism surface has the following formula: ncos [3θ / 2] = sin (α- [θ / 2] ) Is to have a larger tilt angle than the prism surface I-2 of the virtual prism array I (where n in the equation
Is the refractive index of the prism array. ).

By setting the shape of the prism array on the light incident surface 41 in this way, the distribution angle (half-value width) of the light emitted from the light deflection element 4 can be reduced. The reason is as follows. That is, the light exit surface 42 is more than the inner surface total reflection position K2 of the prism surface I-2 in the virtual prism array I.
The light reaching a position close to is a set of light rays incident at an inclination angle larger than α from the lower side of the top of the adjacent virtual prism row on the primary light source side. Therefore, the direction of the distribution peak is a direction of inclination larger than α, and the direction of the distribution peak of the light totally reflected on the inner surface is from the normal direction of the light exit surface 42 to the direction along the virtual prism surface of the inner surface total reflection. The direction is inclined to. Such light serves to widen the angular distribution of the light emitted from the light output surface 42. Therefore, in order to concentrate and emit the light amount in a specific direction, the light exit surface 4 is positioned more than the inner surface total reflection position K2 of the prism surface I-2 in the virtual prism array I.
At a position close to 2, the inclination angle of the prism surface of the actual prism row is made larger than the inclination angle of the corresponding virtual prism surface in at least a part thereof, so that the light which is actually totally reflected on the inner surface travels in this region. The direction can be corrected so as to move toward the direction normal to the light output surface 42 rather than the reflected light on the virtual prism surface, and high brightness and narrow field of view can be achieved.

The convex curved surface shape as described above is formed at the entire position closer to the light output surface 42 than the inner surface total reflection position K2 of the prism surface I-2 in the virtual prism array I, and emitted from the inner surface total reflection position K2. At a position far from the surface 42, the prism surface I-2 of the virtual prism array may be left as it is, and the entire prism surface including the position farther from the light exit surface 42 than the inner surface total reflection position K2 is a convex curved surface shape. You can also As such a convex curved surface shape, it is possible to exemplify a convex cylindrical surface shape having a radius of curvature r in which at least the bottom portion is in common with the virtual prism array.

Here, the radius of curvature r normalized by the pitch P
The value (r / P) of is preferably in the range of 2 to 80, more preferably in the range of 7 to 30, and further preferably in the range of 8 to 20. This is because the light output surface 42 of the light deflection element 4 is set by setting r / P in this range.
This is because the full width at half maximum of the distribution of the emitted light emitted from can be sufficiently narrowed and the brightness of the light source device can be sufficiently increased. For example, the pitch of the prism rows is 40 to 60 μm
, The radius of curvature r is 250 to 3000 μm
The range is preferably, and more preferably 350 to
The range is 1000 μm, and more preferably 400 to
It is in the range of 700 μm.

As the convex curved surface shape of each prism row of the light deflection element 4, a ratio (d) between the maximum distance d between the prism surface of the virtual prism row and the convex curved surface prism surface and the array pitch P of the prism rows. / P) is preferably a relatively gentle curved surface shape such that it is in the range of 0.05 to 5%, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 3%, still more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 2 % Range. This is d / P
Is more than 5%, the light converging effect of the light deflecting element 4 tends to be impaired and light diverging tends to occur, and the half width of the emitted light distribution emitted from the light emitting surface 42 of the light deflecting element 4 tends not to be sufficiently narrowed. Because it is in. Conversely, d / P is 0.0
If it is less than 5%, the light converging effect by the light deflecting element 4 tends to be insufficient, and the half width of the emitted light distribution emitted from the light emitting surface 42 of the light deflecting element 4 tends not to be sufficiently narrowed. Is.

In the present invention, the convex curved surface shape of each prism array of the light deflection element 4 has a radius of curvature r as described above.
The cross-section is not limited to an arcuate cross section, and may be an aspherical convex curved surface as long as it is within the range of d / P as described above.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the above-mentioned convex curved prism surface is formed at least on the surface far from the primary light source 1. According to this, the distribution angle of the light emitted from the light deflection element 4 when the primary light source is also arranged on the end face 32 of the light guide 3 can be made sufficiently small. The convex curved prism surface is close to the primary light source 1, for example, when the ratio of the light propagating through the light guide 3 to the end surface 32 opposite to the light incident surface 31 and returning is relatively high. It is more preferable that the prism surface on the side also has a convex curved surface shape. In particular, the prism surface on the side close to the primary light source 1
It is preferable to make the shape symmetrical with the actual prism surface corresponding to the virtual prism surface I-2 with respect to the normal direction of 2.
On the other hand, when the ratio of the light propagating through the light guide 3 to the end surface 32 opposite to the light incident surface 31 and returning is relatively low, the prism surface on the side closer to the primary light source 1 may be a flat surface. Good. In addition, it is necessary to make the tops of the prism rows sharp (to form the edges of the tops clearly) in order to prevent the sticking phenomenon from occurring when the light deflection element 4 is mounted on the light guide 3. In this case, making the prism surface on the side closer to the primary light source 1 to be a flat surface is better than the shape transfer surface shape of the molding die member for forming the prism array, as compared with the case where both prism surfaces are convex curved surfaces. This is preferable because it is easy to form the tops of the prism rows sharply because accurate formation is possible.

In the optical deflecting element of the present invention, a desired prism shape is precisely manufactured to obtain stable optical performance, and abrasion and deformation of the prism top are suppressed during assembly work and during use as a surface light source device. For this purpose, a flat portion or a curved portion may be formed on the top of the prism array.
In this case, it is preferable that the width of the flat portion or the curved surface portion formed on the prism apex is 3 μm or less from the viewpoint of reducing the luminance as a surface light source device and suppressing the generation of a nonuniform luminance pattern due to the sticking phenomenon. , More preferably 2 μm or less, still more preferably 1 μm or less.

Further, in the present invention, for the purpose of adjusting the viewing angle as the surface light source device and improving the quality, a light diffusion layer is formed on the light emitting surface side of the light deflecting element, or light is formed in the prism array. A diffusing agent may be included. The light diffusing layer can be formed by placing a light diffusing sheet on the light emitting surface side of the light deflecting element or by forming a light diffusing layer integrally with the light deflecting element on the light emitting surface side. in this case,
It is preferable to form an anisotropic diffusing light diffusing layer and diffuse the light in a desired direction in order to prevent the effect of improving the brightness by narrowing the visual field by the light deflecting element as much as possible.
As the light diffusing agent dispersed in the prism array, transparent fine particles having a refractive index different from that of the prism array can be used. In this case as well, the content of the light diffusing agent, the particle size, the refractive index, etc. are selected so as not to interfere as much as possible with the effect of improving the brightness by narrowing the visual field by the light deflection element.

In this way, the light deflecting element 4 as described above is mounted on the light emitting surface 33 of the light guide body 3 so that the prism row forming surface is on the light incident surface side. Body 3
It is possible to further narrow the distribution of the emitted light in the XZ plane of the directional emitted light emitted from the light emitting surface 33, and it is possible to achieve high brightness and a narrow field of view as the light source device. The full width at half maximum of the emitted light distribution in the XZ plane of the emitted light from the light deflection element 4 is preferably in the range of 5 to 25 degrees,
The range is more preferably 10 to 20 degrees, and further preferably 12 to 18 degrees. This is because by setting the half-width of the emitted light distribution to 5 degrees or more, it is possible to eliminate the difficulty of seeing an image or the like due to an extremely narrow field of view.
This is because the brightness can be increased and the field of view can be narrowed by setting the degree to be equal to or lower than the range.

The narrowing of the field of view of the light deflection element 4 in the present invention is affected by the degree of spread (half-width) of the light distribution (in the XZ plane) from the light exit surface 33 of the light guide 3, and The ratio of the half-value width A of the outgoing light distribution from the light exit surface 42 of the deflection element 4 to the half-value width B of the outgoing light distribution from the light exit surface 33 of the light guide 3 is also half the half of the exit light distribution from the light guide 3. It depends on the price range B. For example, when the half-value width B of the emitted light distribution from the light guide 3 is less than 26 degrees, the half-value width A is 3 of the half-value width B.
The range of 0 to 95% is preferable, the range of 30 to 80% is more preferable, and the range of 30 to 80% is more preferable.
It is in the range of 70%. When the half-value width B of the distribution of emitted light from the light guide 3 is 26 degrees or more, the half-value width A is preferably in the range of 30 to 80% of the half-value width B, more preferably 30 to 70. %, And more preferably 30 to 60%. In particular, when the half width B of the distribution of emitted light from the light guide 3 is 26 to 36 degrees, the half width A
Is preferably in the range of 30 to 80% of the half width B, more preferably in the range of 30 to 70%, and further preferably in the range of 30 to 60%. Furthermore, when the half-value width B of the distribution of emitted light from the light guide 3 exceeds 36 degrees, the half-value width A is preferably in the range of 30 to 70% of the half-value width B, more preferably 30 to 60. %, And more preferably 30 to 50%.

As described above, in the present invention, the light guide 3
Since the effect of narrowing the field of view becomes greater as the half-value width of the emitted light distribution from is larger, the combination with a light guide body having a half-value width B of the emitted light distribution of 26 degrees or more in terms of the efficiency of narrowing the field of view. It is preferable to use a light deflection element, more preferably a light guide having a half-width B exceeding 36 degrees. Further, the effect of narrowing the field of view becomes smaller when the half value width of the emitted light distribution from the light guide 3 is smaller, but the smaller the half value width of the emitted light distribution from the light guide 3 is, the higher the brightness is intended. Therefore, in terms of high brightness, it is preferable to use the light deflection element in combination with a light guide body having a half value width B of the emitted light distribution of less than 26 degrees.

The primary light source 1 is a linear light source extending in the Y direction, and as the primary light source 1, for example, a fluorescent lamp or a cold cathode tube can be used. In the present invention,
The primary light source 1 is not limited to a linear light source, and a point light source such as an LED light source, a halogen lamp, or a metahalo lamp may be used. In particular, when used in a display device having a relatively small screen size such as a mobile phone or a personal digital assistant, it is preferable to use a small point light source such as an LED. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the primary light source 1 can be installed not only on one side end surface of the light guide 3 but also on the other side end surface facing the other, if necessary. .

The light source reflector 2 guides the light of the primary light source 1 to the light guide 3 with little loss. As the material, for example, a plastic film having a metal vapor deposition reflection layer on the surface can be used. As shown in the figure, the light source reflector 2 is wound from the outer surface of the edge of the light reflecting element 5 to the outer edge of the light emitting element 4 through the outer surface of the primary light source 1. On the other hand, the light source reflector 2 avoids the light deflecting element 4 and moves from the outer surface of the edge of the light reflecting element 5 to the primary light source 1.
It is also possible to wind around the end surface of the light emitting surface of the light guide 3 via the outer surface of.

It is also possible to attach a reflection member similar to the light source reflector 2 to the side end surface of the light guide 3 other than the side end surface 31. As the light reflection element 5, for example, a plastic sheet having a metal vapor deposition reflection layer on its surface can be used. In the present invention, the light reflecting element 5 may be replaced with a reflecting sheet, and may be a light reflecting layer or the like formed on the back surface 34 of the light guide 3 by metal vapor deposition or the like.

The light guide 3 and the light deflection element 4 of the present invention can be made of synthetic resin having a high light transmittance. Examples of such synthetic resin include methacrylic resin, acrylic resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, and vinyl chloride resin. In particular, methacrylic resin is optimal because it has excellent light transmittance, heat resistance, mechanical properties, and moldability. As such a methacrylic resin, a resin containing methyl methacrylate as a main component, and a resin containing 80% by weight or more of methyl methacrylate is preferable. When forming the rough surface structure of the light guide 3 and the light polarizing element 4 or the surface structure such as the prism array, the transparent synthetic resin plate is formed by hot pressing using a mold member having a desired surface structure. You can do screen printing,
The shape may be imparted simultaneously with molding by extrusion molding, injection molding, or the like. Further, the structural surface can be formed by using heat or a photocurable resin or the like. Furthermore, a rough surface structure made of an active energy ray curable resin on a transparent substrate such as a transparent film or sheet made of a polyester resin, an acrylic resin, a polycarbonate resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a polymethacrylimide resin, or the like. Further, a lens array arrangement structure may be formed on the surface, or such a sheet may be joined and integrated on a separate transparent substrate by a method such as adhesion or fusion. Examples of the active energy ray curable resin include polyfunctional (meth) acrylic compounds, vinyl compounds,
(Meth) acrylic acid esters, allyl compounds, metal salts of (meth) acrylic acid and the like can be used.

On the light emitting surface (light emitting surface 42 of the light polarizing element 4) of the surface light source device including the primary light source 1, the light source reflector 2, the light guide 3, the light deflecting element 4 and the light reflecting element 5 as described above, A liquid crystal display device is configured by disposing the liquid crystal display element. The liquid crystal display device is viewed by an observer from above in FIG. 1 through the liquid crystal display element. Further, in the present invention, since a sufficiently collimated light having a narrow distribution can be made incident on the liquid crystal display element from the surface light source device, there is no gradation reversal in the liquid crystal display element and the uniformity of brightness and hue is eliminated. It is possible to obtain a good image display of, and to obtain light irradiation concentrated in a desired direction, and it is possible to improve the utilization efficiency of the emitted light amount of the primary light source for illumination in this direction.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing still another embodiment of the surface light source device according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the back surface 34 of the light guide 3 is a flat surface, and has a wedge shape in which the thickness gradually decreases from the light incident end surface 31 toward the opposite end surface 32. The only difference from the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 above is the provision of the light shielding material 6 for preventing bright lines and dark lines in the vicinity of.

Although the above embodiment has been described with reference to the surface light source device, the present invention is also applied to a rod-shaped light source device elongated in the X direction having a dimension in the Y direction of, for example, 5 times or less the thickness of the light guide 3. it can. In that case, as the primary light source 1, a substantially dot-shaped light source such as an LED can be used.

[0056]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples.

The physical properties in the following examples were measured as follows.

Measurement of Normal Brightness and Half-Width of Luminous Intensity of Surface Light Source Element A cold cathode tube was used as a light source, and DC12V was applied to an inverter (HIU-742A manufactured by Harrison Co.) to illuminate at high frequency. As for the brightness, the surface light source device or the surface of the light guide is 2
It was divided into 3 × 5 squares each having a size of 0 mm, and a 15-point average of luminance values in the normal direction of each square was obtained. The luminous intensity half-value width is fixed to a surface of the surface light source device or the light guide member by fixing black paper having a pinhole of 4 mmφ so that the pinhole is located at the center of the surface, and the measurement circle of the luminance meter becomes 8 to 9 mm. The distance was adjusted as described above, and the gonio rotation shaft was rotated about the pinhole in the direction perpendicular to and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cold cathode tube. Rotation axis + 80 ° ~ in each direction
The luminance distribution of the emitted light is measured with a luminance meter while rotating it to -80 ° at 0.5 ° intervals, and the luminance in the normal direction and the half value width of the luminous intensity distribution (the spread angle of the distribution of 1/2 of the peak value) I asked.

Measurement of average tilt angle (θa) According to ISO4287 / 1-1987, 0 as a stylus
Using a stylus type surface roughness meter (Surfcom 570A manufactured by Tokyo Seiki Co., Ltd.) using 10-2528 (1 μmR, 55 ° cone, diamond), the surface roughness of the rough surface was measured at a driving speed of 0.
It was measured at 03 mm / sec. From the chart obtained by this measurement, the average line was subtracted to correct the slope, and calculation was performed using the above equations (1) and (2).

[Example 1] An acrylic resin (Acrypet VH5 # 000 manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) was used for injection molding, and one surface was matte (average inclination angle 3.0).
Was produced). The light guide plate is 195 mm
It was in the form of a wedge plate having a size of 253 mm and a thickness of 3 mm-1 mm. The length of the light guide is 195 m on the mirror side of this light guide.
The prism apex angle of the prism array is 140 ° with acrylic UV curing resin so that it is parallel to the side (short side) of m.
A prism layer was formed in which prism rows having a pitch of 50 μm were continuously arranged in parallel. One side end face corresponding to the side (long side) having a length of 253 mm of the light guide (end face on the side having a thickness of 3 mm)
The cold-cathode tube was arranged along the long side so as to be opposed to, by a light source reflector (silver reflection film manufactured by Reiko Co., Ltd.). Further, a light diffusion reflection film (E60 manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) was attached to the other side end faces, and a reflection sheet was arranged on the prism array (back side). The above configuration was incorporated into the frame.
In this light guide, the light emission rate was 1.5%, the maximum peak of the emission light intensity distribution was 70 degrees with respect to the normal direction to the light emission surface, and the half value width (half value width B) was 24.5 degrees. .

On the other hand, using an acrylic UV-curable resin having a refractive index of 1.5064, a large number of prisms each having a convex curved surface shape with the radius of curvature shown in Table 1 on both prism surfaces are 50 μm in total. A prism sheet was prepared in which a prism row formation surface in which rows were continuously arranged was formed on one surface of a polyester film having a thickness of 50 μm. At this time, the pitch of the virtual prism array is set to 5 so that the light emitted from the prism sheet is in the direction normal to the light emitting surface.
At 0 μm, an isosceles triangular prism array having a vertical angle of 65.4 degrees was set.

Each of the obtained prism sheets was placed so that the prism row forming surface faces the light exit surface side of the light guide and the ridge lines of the prism rows are parallel to the light entrance surface of the light guide. . The peak luminance intensity ratio of the surface light source device manufactured as described above and the half-value width (half-value width A) in the emission light distribution in the plane perpendicular to the cold cathode tubes were obtained, and the results are shown in Table 1. It was

[Comparative Example 1] A prism array having an isosceles triangle cross section with a pitch of 50 μm and an apex angle of 65.4 ° was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the prism faces constituting the prism array of the prism sheet were flat. A prism sheet having a surface formed on one side was manufactured. This prism sheet is used in Example 1.
The prism array formation surface faced the light exit surface side of the light guide body obtained in (3) and the prism ridge line was placed parallel to the light entrance surface of the light guide body. The peak luminance intensity ratio of the surface light source device manufactured as described above and the half-value width (half-value width A) in the emission light distribution in the plane perpendicular to the cold cathode tubes were obtained, and the results are shown in Table 1. It was

[0064]

[Table 1] Example 2 An acrylic resin (Acrypet VH5 # 000 manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) was injection-molded to prepare a light guide plate having one surface having a matte surface (average tilt angle of 8.0 degrees). The light guide plate is 195 mm × 253 m
m, and a thickness of 3 mm-1 mm was formed into a wedge plate shape. On the mirror surface side of this light guide body, the prism vertical angle of the prism array is 140 ° and the pitch is 50 ° by the acrylic ultraviolet curing resin so as to be parallel to the side (short side) of the light guide body of 195 mm in length.
A prism layer was formed in which prism rows of μm were arranged in parallel. The cold cathode tube is arranged along the long side so as to face one side end face (end face on the side of 3 mm thickness) corresponding to the side (long side) of the light guide body of 253 mm in length, and the light source reflector (Reiko). It was covered with a silver reflection film manufactured by the company). further,
Light diffusive reflection film (E6 manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.)
0) was attached, and the reflection sheet was arranged on the prism array (rear surface). The above configuration was incorporated into the frame. In this light guide, the light emission rate was 4.5%, the maximum peak of the emitted light luminous intensity distribution was 61 degrees with respect to the normal direction to the light emitting surface, and the half value width (half value width B) was 39 degrees.

On the other hand, a large number of prisms with a pitch of 50 μm are formed by using an acrylic UV-curable resin having a refractive index of 1.5064, and the entire surfaces of both prisms have a convex curved surface having a radius of curvature shown in Table 2. A prism sheet was prepared in which a prism row formation surface in which rows were continuously arranged was formed on one surface of a polyester film having a thickness of 50 μm. At this time, the pitch of the virtual prism array is set to 5 so that the light emitted from the prism sheet is in the direction normal to the light emitting surface.
At 0 μm, an isosceles triangular prism array having a vertical angle of 65.4 degrees was set.

Each of the obtained prism sheets was placed so that the prism row forming surface faces the light exit surface side of the light guide and the ridge lines of the prism rows are parallel to the light entrance surface of the light guide. . The peak luminance intensity ratio of the surface light source device manufactured as described above and the half-value width (half-value width A) in the emission light distribution in the plane perpendicular to the cold cathode tubes were obtained, and the results are shown in Table 2. It was

[Comparative Example 2] A prism array having an isosceles triangle cross section with a pitch of 50 μm and an apex angle of 65.4 ° was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the prism surfaces constituting the prism array of the prism sheet were flat. A prism sheet having a surface formed on one side was manufactured. This prism sheet is used in Example 2
The prism array formation surface faced the light exit surface side of the light guide body obtained in (3) and the prism ridge line was placed parallel to the light entrance surface of the light guide body. The peak luminance intensity ratio of the surface light source device manufactured as described above and the half-value width (half-value width A) in the emission light distribution in the plane perpendicular to the cold cathode tubes were obtained, and the results are shown in Table 2. It was

[0068]

[Table 2] [Embodiment 3] Of the prism surfaces forming the prism array of the prism sheet, the surface closer to the cold cathode tubes is a flat surface, and the entire surface far from the cold cathode tubes is a convex curved surface having a curvature radius of 400 μm. Except for the above, in the same manner as in Example 1, a prism sheet having a pitch of 50 μm and a prism row having an apex angle of 65.4 degrees formed on one surface was produced. This prism sheet was placed so that the prism row forming surface faces the light exit surface side of the light guide obtained in Example 1 and the prism ridges are parallel to the light entrance surface of the light guide. The normal luminance of the surface light source device manufactured as described above and the half value width in the emission light distribution in the plane perpendicular to the cold cathode tubes were obtained, and the results are shown in Table 3.
It was shown to.

[Embodiment 4] The heights of the prism rows are set to 16 for both prism surfaces constituting the prism rows of the prism sheet.
The surface of μm or more (the surface near the top of the prism row) is a flat surface,
A surface having a height of 16 μm or less (a surface near the bottom of the prism array) has a convex curved surface shape having a radius of curvature of 400 μm (the inclination angle of the surface connecting the boundary between the flat surface and the convex curved surface and the bottom of the prism surface with respect to the prism sheet normal is 30 °). Was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a prism row having a pitch of 50 μm and an apex angle of 65.4 degrees was formed on one surface. This prism sheet was placed so that the prism row forming surface faces the light exit surface side of the light guide obtained in Example 1 and the prism ridges are parallel to the light entrance surface of the light guide. The position K2 of the virtual prism surface in this case is the position where the prism array height is 27 μm. The normal luminance of the surface light source device manufactured as described above and the half-value width in the emitted light distribution in the plane perpendicular to the cold cathode tubes were obtained, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[Embodiment 5] A pitch of 50 μm is obtained in the same manner as in Embodiment 4 except that the surface of the prism sheet forming the prism array on the side closer to the cold cathode tube is a flat surface.
A prism sheet having an apex angle of 65.4 degrees and an apex angle of 65.4 degrees was formed on one surface. This prism sheet was placed so that the prism row forming surface faces the light exit surface side of the light guide obtained in Example 1 and the prism ridges are parallel to the light entrance surface of the light guide. The position K2 of the virtual prism surface in this case is the position where the prism array height is 27 μm. The normal luminance of the surface light source device manufactured as described above and the half-value width in the emitted light distribution in the plane perpendicular to the cold cathode tubes were obtained, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[Embodiment 6] Of the prism surfaces constituting the prism array of the prism sheet, the surface on the side closer to the cold cathode tubes has an inclination angle of 34 ° with respect to the normal to the prism sheet, and the surface on the side farther from the cold cathode tubes. A prism sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the angle of inclination of the plane portion of the above with respect to the normal to the prism sheet was 32 °, and a prism row having a pitch of 66 ° and a vertex angle of 66 ° was formed on one surface of the prism sheet. . This prism sheet was placed so that the prism row forming surface faces the light exit surface side of the light guide obtained in Example 1 and the prism ridges are parallel to the light entrance surface of the light guide. The position K2 of the virtual prism surface in this case is 27 μm in height of the prism array.
It is the position of m. The normal luminance of the surface light source device manufactured as described above and the half-value width in the emitted light distribution in the plane perpendicular to the cold cathode tubes were obtained, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0072]

[Table 3]

[0073]

As described above, according to the present invention,
At least one prism surface of the prism rows formed on the light entrance surface of the light deflection element has a convex shape based on the shape of the virtual prism row set according to the inclination angle of the peak output light from the light guide. Since it is formed, the efficiency of concentrating and emitting the light emitted from the primary light source in the required observation direction (utilization efficiency of the light amount of the primary light source) is high, and the light emitting surface of the light deflection element is simple and simple. A light source device is provided that is easy to mold. In particular, in the present invention, the inclination angle of the prism surface of the light incident surface of the light deflector is set to a position closer to the light emitting surface than the position of the virtual prism array set according to the inclination angle of the peak output light from the light guide. Then, by using a convex curved surface shape with an inclination angle larger than the inclination angle of the virtual prism surface, the efficiency of concentrating and emitting the light emitted from the primary light source in the required observation direction (use efficiency of the light amount of the primary light source) It is possible to provide a light source device having a high light output surface and a light output surface of the light deflection element having a flat surface, which is simplified and easy to mold.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a surface light source device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a shape of a prism array on a light entrance surface of a light deflector.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a surface light source device according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 primary light source 2 light source reflector 3 Light guide 4 Optical deflection element 5 Light reflection element 6 light-shielding material 31 Light incident end face 32 end face 33 Light exit surface 34 Back side 41 Light incident surface 42 Light output surface I Virtual prism array I-1, I-2 Prism surface of virtual prism array

Front page continued (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) // F21Y 103: 00 F21Y 103: 00 (72) Inventor Issei Chiba 3816 Noborito, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Tokyo Technical and Information Center Company F-term (reference) 2H042 BA04 BA14 BA20 CA01 CA12 CA17

Claims (18)

[Claims] 1. A light guide having a primary light source, a light incident surface on which light emitted from the primary light source is incident, and a light emission surface on which the incident light is guided and emitted, and the light emission of the light guide. And a light deflecting element disposed adjacent to the surface, the light deflecting element having a light incident surface facing the light emitting surface of the light guide and a light emitting surface on the opposite side. A plurality of prism rows arranged in parallel with each other are formed on the light incident surface, and the prism rows have two prism surfaces, and at least one prism surface is the light of the light guide body. The peak output light in the output light distribution of the light output from the output surface enters from one prism surface and is totally internally reflected by the other prism surface to output in a desired direction from the light output surface and A plurality of prisms are arranged at the same pitch as the prism row and the apex angle is θ. A light source device having a convex curved surface shape based on the shape of the virtual prism array when the virtual prism array is assumed. 2. At least one prism surface of each prism array of the light deflection element is a virtual prism array adjacent to the direction of peak emission light in the emission light distribution of light emitted from the light emission surface of the light guide. At least a part of the prism surface of the virtual prism row is at a position closer to the light output surface than the position where the virtual light passing through the top part is totally internally reflected by the other prism surface of the virtual prism row with respect to the light output surface. The light source device according to claim 1, wherein the light source device has a convex curved surface shape having a larger inclination angle than the formed inclination angle. 3. The prism array has a common bottom portion with the virtual prism array, and the convex curved surface shape has a curvature radius r value (r / P) standardized by an array pitch P of the prism arrays of 2 to 80. The light source device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light source device has a convex cylindrical shape. 4. A ratio (d / P) of a maximum distance d between a convex curved prism surface of each prism array of the light deflecting element and a prism surface of the virtual prism array and an array pitch P of the prism array is set. 0.05 to 5%,
The light source device according to claim 1. 5. The tilt angle formed by the prism surface on the side closer to the primary light source of the virtual prism array with respect to the light output surface is 45 degrees or more, according to any one of claims 1 to 4. Light source device. 6. The light source according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting surface of the light guide and / or the back surface on the opposite side is a surface having a directional light emitting function. apparatus. 7. The light source device according to claim 6, wherein the surface having the directional light emitting function is a rough surface or a surface composed of an array of a large number of lens rows. 8. The light source device according to claim 1, wherein a light reflecting element is arranged to face the back surface. 9. A light guide having a primary light source, a light incident surface on which the light emitted from the primary light source is incident, and a light emission surface on which the incident light is guided and emitted, and the light emission of the light guide. Light deflection having a light incident surface on which a plurality of prism rows are formed, which are arranged adjacent to the surface, are opposed to the light emitting surface of the light guide body, and are arranged in parallel with each other, and an opposite light emitting surface. An element, the half value width B of the emitted light distribution in the plane perpendicular to the light incident surface and the light emitting surface of the light emitted from the light emitting surface of the light guide exceeds 36 degrees, The half value width A of the emitted light distribution of the light emitted from the light emitting surface of the light deflection element in a plane perpendicular to the light incident surface and the light emitting surface is 30 to 70% of the half value width B. Light source device. 10. The half value width B of the emitted light distribution of the light emitted from the light emitting surface of the light guide on a surface perpendicular to the light incident surface and the light emitting surface is 40 degrees or less. The light source device according to claim 9. 11. A light input surface having a plurality of prism rows arranged in parallel with each other and a light output surface on the opposite side thereof, the prism row having two prism surfaces, and at least one of the prism surfaces. The prism surface of, the peak incident light in the distribution of light incident on the light incident surface is incident from one prism surface and is totally internally reflected by the other prism surface and emitted in a desired direction from the light emitting surface, and When assuming a plurality of virtual prism rows arranged at the same pitch as the prism rows of the light deflection element and having an apex angle of θ, a convex curved surface shape is formed with the shape of the virtual prism rows as a reference. An optical deflection element characterized by: 12. The prism surface of at least one of the prism rows of the light deflection element passes through the top of an adjacent virtual prism row in the direction of peak incident light in the distribution of light incident on the light entrance surface. At least a part of the prism surface of the virtual prism array is larger than the inclination angle with respect to the light output surface at a position closer to the light output surface than the position where the virtual light is totally internally reflected by the other prism surface of the virtual prism array. The light deflection element according to claim 11, wherein the light deflection element has a convex curved surface shape having an inclination angle. 13. The prism array has a bottom part common to the virtual prism array, and the convex curved surface shape is a value of a radius of curvature r (r / P) standardized by an array pitch P of the prism arrays.
Is 2 to 80 convex cylindrical surface shape,
The optical deflection element according to claim 11 or 12. 14. A ratio (d / P) of a maximum distance d between a convex curved surface prism surface of each prism array of the light deflecting element and a prism surface of the virtual prism array and an array pitch P of the prism arrays. 0.05 to 5%,
The optical deflection element according to claim 11. 15. The light deflecting element according to claim 11, wherein an inclination angle of one prism surface of the virtual prism row with respect to the light output surface is 45 degrees or more. . 16. The flat portion or the curved surface portion is provided on the top of the prism row, and the prism row is formed.
The optical deflector according to any one of 1. 17. The light diffusing layer is formed on the light emitting surface side of the light deflecting element.
The optical deflector according to any one of 1. 18. The light deflecting element according to claim 11, wherein a light diffusing agent is contained in the prism array of the light deflecting element.