JP2003197436A - Core for magnetic element, magnetic element using the same, manufacturing method of the magnetic element and switching power supply using the magnetic element - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a core for a magnetic element whose characteristics will not deteriorate even with a large current, aging deterioration of a disposed magnet is small and power loss generated by an eddy current is small, a magnetic element using it, and to provide a manufacturing method of the magnetic element and a switching power supply using the magnetic element. <P>SOLUTION: A core for a magnetic element is constituted of a planar hard magnetic substance 1, with residual magnetization in one direction on a surface and a planar soft magnetization 3. The magnetic element has the core for a magnetic element disposed so that a residual magnetization direction 2 of the hard magnetic substance 1 of the core for a magnetic element and the direction wherein a soft magnetic substance is magnetized by a conductor 4 are the same. A manufacturing method of the magnetic element and a switching power supply using the magnetic element are provided. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a magnetic element core,
A magnetic element using the same, a manufacturing method of the magnetic element, and a switching power supply using the magnetic element,
The present invention relates to a magnetic element manufactured in a plane or plane shape, and a core (magnetic core) for a magnetic element used for the magnetic element, in particular, a flat type or thin film inductor and a flat type or thin film transformer, and a core (magnetic core used for these. ) Is related to.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There is an active demand for miniaturization and thinning of magnetic elements used as electric circuit elements for switching power supplies, especially inductors and transformers, and one of the effective measures to realize this is the planar type. Magnetic element. The general structure of the planar magnetic element will be described with reference to a planar inductor as an example. FIG. 2 (details will be described later) shows a planar spiral coil 4 as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. It is known that the magnetic body 3 is laminated on the upper and lower sides (prior art example 1).

As a prior art document, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
No. 3,630,006. Regarding the trend of miniaturization and thinning of switching power supplies, see “Nikkei Electronics 1998.12.14 (no. 73).
2) ”for details on pp133-144.

However, magnetic energy can be stored in the magnetic element, integrated value of the inner product of the magnetic flux density B and the magnetic field H in the entire space, i.e., given by _{∫ vol. B · Hdv / 2} , also, the magnetic energy Since most of them are stored in the magnetic core used for the magnetic element, miniaturization and thinning of the magnetic element mean reduction of energy that can be handled.

Further, when expressing the magnetic energy in the electrical energy, L · I ^2/2 [L is the magnetic element inductance (H), I is a current value (A)] can be expressed by. That is, when combined with the above equation, L · I ² = ∫
_{It is vol.} B · Hdv, and it can be said that miniaturization and thinning of the magnetic element mean a reduction in current that can be handled.

When this is applied to the magnetic element (inductor or the like) in the switching power supply, the switching power supply pulsates the DC voltage input by the semiconductor element or the like, temporarily stores the energy in the inductor as magnetic energy, and releases it. Since the output voltage is converted by repeating the above process, the decrease in the magnetic energy that can be stored in the magnetic element leads to the decrease in the rated capacity of the switching power supply.

Therefore, it can be said that the miniaturization and thinning of the magnetic element and the large current of the magnetic element conflict with each other.

Depending on the usage example of the magnetic element, a current in which an alternating current is superimposed on a direct current may flow. In this case, the magnetic core used in the magnetic element is magnetized in proportion to the flowing current. For example, in a magnetic element (inductor) used as a choke coil of a switching power supply, a triangular wave current having a switching frequency as a cycle flows during normal operation.

However, when a large current is applied, the magnetic body (magnetic core) used for the magnetic element (inductor) causes magnetic saturation, so that it does not operate as an inductor and the switching power supply cannot operate normally. . That is, the switching power supply is limited to use in a current range in which the magnetic body (magnetic core) used for the magnetic element (inductor) does not cause magnetic saturation.

In view of this, a bias magnetic field is applied to the magnetic core in advance to obtain an inductance element in which magnetic saturation does not easily occur even when a large current is applied and the characteristics are not deteriorated. JP-A-50-134173 and the like disclose an inductance element using a magnetic core in which a permanent magnet is incorporated in a part of its magnetic circuit (Prior art example 2). .

Further, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-286124 discloses a laminated inductance element in which a permanent magnet is arranged (conventional example 3). Furthermore, JP-A-5-275254
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 4 (1994) discloses a planar magnetic element provided with a means for applying a bias magnetic field to a magnetic body.

[0012]

However, the plane type magnetic element as shown in the above-mentioned conventional example 1 is downsized,
Although it is effective in reducing the thickness, it is difficult to increase the current capacity as described above because it is small and thin.

Further, the above-mentioned conventional examples 2, 3 and 4 are techniques having an effect in that a magnet is arranged in the magnetic element to increase the current capacity, and there is a common point with the present invention. However, even if these conventional techniques are combined, there are some problems when applied to a small and thin magnetic element. That is, in Conventional Example 2, since the magnet is arranged in a part of the magnetic path of the bulk core, it is not suitable for downsizing and thinning, and there is a problem that the magnet is demagnetized by use.

Further, in the conventional examples 3 and 4, the effect of arranging the magnets was not sufficiently exhibited, and there was a problem that the effect was small.

The present invention eliminates the above-mentioned problems, does not deteriorate the characteristics even with a large current, and reduces the deterioration with time of the arranged magnets.
Provided are a magnetic element core in which power loss generated by an eddy current is small, a magnetic element using the same, a method of manufacturing the magnetic element, and a switching power supply using the magnetic element.

[0016]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides: [1] In a magnetic element core, a planar hard magnetic material having remanent magnetization in one in-plane direction, and one surface thereof. It is characterized in that it is composed of a planar soft magnetic material arranged.

[2] In the magnetic element core, two planar hard magnetic bodies having residual magnetization in one in-plane direction are arranged on both sides of the planar soft magnetic body. The remanent magnetization direction is uniform.

[3] In the magnetic element core, the core is composed of a planar hard magnetic material having remanent magnetization in one direction in the surface and two planar soft magnetic materials arranged on both surfaces thereof. Characterize.

[4] In the magnetic element core described in any one of [1] to [3] above, -0.22≤d / Ls
It is characterized in that ≦ 0.06. Here, Ls is the length of the soft magnetic material in the remanent magnetization direction of the hard magnetic material, and d is the position of the end portion of the hard magnetic material with the position of the end portion of the soft magnetic material as the origin.

[5] In the magnetic element core according to any one of [1] to [4], the planar hard magnetic material or the planar soft magnetic material or both of them are divided in-plane. It is characterized by

[6] In the magnetic element core according to the above [5], in the case of having a planar hard magnetic material divided in-plane in a direction perpendicular to the remanent magnetization direction, 0 ≦ lg / l
It is characterized in that m ≦ 1. However, lm is the length in the remanent magnetization direction of the hard magnetic body, and lg is the length in the remanent magnetization direction between adjacent hard magnetic bodies.

[7] In the magnetic element core described in any one of [1] to [6], 0.83 · Br · Vm
It is characterized in that ≦ Bs · Vs. Here, Br is the residual magnetic flux density of the planar hard magnetic material, Vm is the volume of the hard magnetic material, B
s is the saturation magnetic flux density of the soft magnetic material, and Vs is the volume of the soft magnetic material.

[8] One or more of the magnetic element cores according to any one of the above [1] to [7] are combined so that the remanent magnetization directions of the hard magnetic materials are aligned. And

[0024]

[9] A magnetic element in which one or more magnetic element cores among the magnetic element cores according to any one of [1] to [8] are arranged on both surfaces or one surface of a planar coil. The magnetic element core is arranged so that the residual magnetization direction of the hard magnetic body and the direction in which the soft magnetic body is magnetized by the coil are the same.

[10] Above

In the magnetic element described in [9], the magnetic element core is arranged on one surface of the planar coil, and a soft magnetic material is arranged on the other surface of the coil.

[11] A magnetic element in which one or more magnetic element cores among the magnetic element cores according to any one of the above [1] to [8] are arranged inside the solenoid type coil. In the element, the magnetic element core is arranged such that the direction of remanent magnetization of the hard magnetic material and the direction of magnetization of the soft magnetic material by the coil are the same.

[12] One or two or more magnetic element cores among the magnetic element cores according to any one of the above [1] to [8] are arranged on both surfaces or one surface of the linear conductor. The magnetic element is characterized in that the residual magnetization direction of the hard magnetic material of the magnetic element core and the direction in which the soft magnetic material is magnetized by the linear conductor are the same.

[13] In the magnetic element described in [12], the magnetic element core is arranged on one surface of the linear conductor, and a soft magnetic material is arranged on the other surface of the linear conductor. It is characterized by

[14] In the magnetic element, the planar hard magnetic material magnetized in the in-plane direction is arranged in the normal direction to the surface of the magnetic element composed of the soft magnetic material and the conductor.

[15] Above

The magnetic element according to any one of [9] to [14] is characterized in that the input / output terminals can be identified.

[16] Above

In the method for manufacturing a magnetic element according to any one of [9] to [15], a current is passed through the coil to magnetize or strengthen the magnetization of the hard magnetic material in the core for the magnetic element. And

[17] In the method of manufacturing a magnetic element, the planar hard magnetic material magnetized in the in-plane direction is arranged in the normal direction of the surface of the magnetic element composed of the soft magnetic material and the conductor. To do.

[18] In the switching power supply,

The magnetic element according to any one of [9] to [15] is used.

[0034]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

The magnetic element core of the present invention is characterized by being composed of a planar hard magnetic material having remanent magnetization in one in-plane direction and a planar soft magnetic material disposed on one surface thereof. . Alternatively, two planar hard magnetic bodies having residual magnetization in one in-plane direction are arranged on both sides of the planar soft magnetic body, and
It is characterized in that the remanent magnetization directions of the two planar hard magnetic materials are aligned. Alternatively, it is characterized by being composed of a planar hard magnetic material having a residual magnetization in one direction in the surface and two planar soft magnetic materials arranged on both surfaces thereof.

Further, the magnetic element of the present invention comprises a magnetic element having a magnetic element core having the above characteristics, and a magnetic element comprising a soft magnetic material and a conductor of a planar hard magnetic material magnetized in the in-plane direction. It is characterized in that it is arranged in the direction normal to the plane.

Here, the hard magnetic material means a magnetic material which is hard to be magnetized even when an external magnetic field is applied, and which strongly retains its residual magnetization once magnetized, such as a metal magnet such as an alnico magnet, barium ferrite or the like. A ferrite magnet such as strontium ferrite, a rare earth magnet of SmCo or NdFeB system, or magnetic powder (γ-Fe ₂ O ₃ , Co-γ-) having residual magnetization and used as a magnetic recording material.
_{Fe 2 O 3, CrO 2,} BaFe 12 O 19 , etc.).

The soft magnetic material refers to a magnetic material whose magnetization easily aligns with the magnetic field applied from the outside in the magnetic field direction, for example, Fe-Si alloy, Fe-Co-Ni alloy,
Fe-Si-Al alloy, (Fe, Co, Ni)-(S
i, P, B, C, etc.) or (Fe, Co, Ni)-(Zr,
Examples thereof include amorphous alloys such as Nb, Ti, W, etc.

First, the case where the operation and effect of the present invention is applied to a planar inductor will be described below as an example in comparison with Conventional Example 1.

FIG. 2A is a bird's eye view of a planar inductor (corresponding to the conventional example 1) in which the hard magnetic material is not arranged on the soft magnetic material.
The sectional view is shown in FIG. In these figures,
3 is a soft magnetic material, 4 is a planar spiral coil, 4a, 4b
Represents a terminal of the planar spiral coil, and 7 represents the direction of current in the planar spiral coil.

When a current is passed through this inductor, the soft magnetic body 3 is excited in the direction of arrow 6 in FIG. 2 (b). FIG. 2C shows a magnetic flux density distribution generated in the soft magnetic body 3 when excited, calculated by a magnetic field simulation using the finite element method. In the calculation,
In the cross-sectional view shown in (b), the current in the direction from the back of the paper to the front is assumed, and the saturation magnetic flux density of the soft magnetic material is 0.7T.

According to this result, when the current is 0.5 A, the soft magnetic material 3 is not yet magnetically saturated, but at the current (B) of 1 A, most of it is magnetically saturated. I understand.

On the other hand, FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a planar inductor having a magnetic element core of the present invention.
FIG. 3A shows an overhead view thereof, FIG. 3B shows a sectional view taken along the line AA ′, and FIG. 3C shows a magnetic flux density distribution generated in the soft magnetic material.

In these figures, 1 is a planar hard magnetic material magnetized in the in-plane direction, and other parts are the same as those shown in FIG. Is omitted.

A planar inductor having a core for a magnetic element of the present invention, or a magnetic element surface method in which a planar hard magnetic material 1 magnetized in the in-plane direction is composed of a soft magnetic material 3 and a planar spiral coil 4. When similar calculations are performed in the magnetic element (planar inductor) arranged in the line direction, the magnetic flux density distribution generated in the soft magnetic material 3 becomes as shown in FIG. 3C, and the current (C) of 1 A But it turns out that magnetic saturation has not occurred.

This is shown in FIG. 3 from the arranged hard magnetic material 1.
A magnetic field is applied in the direction (marked) indicated by the dotted line a in (b), and the direction of this magnetic field is opposite to the excitation direction 6 by the planar spiral coil 4, and is reverse biased by the hard magnetic body 1 in a sense. It can be understood from a comparison between FIG. 2C and FIG. 3C that it is difficult for the coil current to magnetically saturate the magnetic field. That is, the planar inductor (corresponding to the conventional example 1) in which the hard magnetic body 1 is not arranged on the soft magnetic body 3 has a current range of 0 to
While the normal use range is about 0.5 A, the planar inductor having the magnetic element core of the present invention can be used up to a current range of about 0 to 1 A, which significantly increases the current capacity. It has the effect that it can be achieved.

Further, in the magnetic element of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the magnetizing direction 2 of the arranged hard magnetic material 1 and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the current of the planar spiral coil 4 are the same. Therefore, even when a current is applied to the inductor of the present invention and used, the hard magnetic body 1 does not demagnetize, but rather has an effect of strengthening the magnetization.

Further, the magnetic element of the present invention can be configured so that the magnetic flux generated in the soft magnetic body 3 by the current of the planar spiral coil 4 hardly passes through the hard magnetic body 1 (that is, Since the hard magnetic body 1 is not arranged in the magnetic path), the occurrence of eddy current loss in the hard magnetic body 1 is small even when an AC current is applied to the planar spiral coil 4, and good characteristics are maintained. It also has the effect that it is possible.

The parameters of the above-described magnetic field simulation correspond to 4 turns (4 turns) in the plane spiral coil 4, and the line width is 48 μm and the space width is 20.
μm and thickness 10 μm. The soft magnetic material 3 has a relative magnetic permeability of 60.
0, thickness 10 μm, length 450 μm. Hard magnetic body 1
Indicates a relative magnetic permeability of 1, a thickness of 10 μm, a length of 450 μm, and a residual magnetic flux density of 1T. In addition, calculations are performed with the same parameters unless otherwise specified.

In the above description, the magnetic element is characterized by being composed of the planar hard magnetic material 1 having residual magnetization in one direction in the surface and the planar soft magnetic material 3 arranged on one surface thereof. The magnetic core having magnetic cores arranged on both sides of the planar spiral coil 4 has been described as an example, but the magnetic element cores having the following configurations have similar effects. That is, two planar hard magnetic bodies having residual magnetization in one in-plane direction are arranged on both surfaces of the planar soft magnetic body, and the residual magnetization directions of the two planar hard magnetic bodies are aligned. Or a planar hard magnetic material having residual magnetization in one in-plane direction and two planar soft magnetic materials disposed on both sides of the planar hard magnetic material. The present invention is also effective for a magnetic element core characterized by the above.

An example of the above-mentioned magnetic element core is shown in the following figure. That is, as shown in FIG. 4A, it is composed of a planar hard magnetic body 1 having residual magnetization in one direction in the plane and a planar soft magnetic body 3 arranged on one side thereof. And a magnetic element core.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), both sides of the planar soft magnetic body 3 have residual magnetization in one in-plane direction.
The two planar hard magnetic bodies 1 are arranged, and the residual magnetization directions of the two planar hard magnetic bodies 1 are aligned. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 6A, a planar hard magnetic body 1 having remanent magnetization in one direction in the plane.
And the two planar soft magnetic bodies 3 arranged on both sides of the core, the magnetic element core can be provided.

4 (a), 5 (a) and 6 (a)
4B, FIG. 5B, and FIG. 6B show the results of calculation of the magnetic flux density distribution of the arranged soft magnetic body for the magnetic element core of the form shown in FIG.
Are shown respectively. In each case, the magnetic field is applied to the soft magnetic material in the desired direction (hereinafter, referred to as "reverse bias magnetic field"), and it can be seen that the effect of the present invention is obtained.

In the above-mentioned magnetic element core, as shown in FIG.
(C), FIG. 4 (d), FIG. 5 (c), FIG. 5 (d), FIG.
A planar hard magnetic body 1 as shown in FIG.
Alternatively, the magnetic element core in which the planar soft magnetic material 3 or both are divided in the plane also has the same effect as described above. Further, these divided magnetic element cores are less likely to generate an eddy current even in an AC magnetic field, and therefore have an advantage that power loss can be suppressed to a small level when they are used for an inductor or the like.

If the soft magnetic body 3 is arranged so that the magnetic field of the hard magnetic body 1 has the above-mentioned effect of the reverse bias magnetic field, then the soft magnetic body 3 is arranged as shown in FIG. 4 (e), FIG. 5 (e) and FIG.
A shape having a curved surface as shown in (e) may be used, and the hard magnetic body 1 and the soft magnetic body 3 may not be in physical contact with each other.

If the soft magnetic body 3 is arranged so that the magnetic field generated by the hard magnetic body 1 exerts the effect of the above-mentioned reverse bias magnetic field, the magnetic element corresponding to the above-mentioned FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. The same effect can be obtained even with a magnetic element core in which one or two or more of the magnetic cores are combined so that the residual magnetization directions of the hard magnetic materials are aligned.

In order to make the effect of the present invention more remarkable, it is understood that the length of the hard magnetic material 1 with respect to the length of the soft magnetic material 3 is an important parameter. In order to verify this, when the length (Ls) of the soft magnetic body 3 in the remanent magnetization direction of the hard magnetic body 1 is set to a constant 450 μm, the position of the end of the soft magnetic body 3 is set as the origin, A magnetic field simulation was performed in which the position of the end of the body 1 was changed.

The results are shown in FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (h), and the model used for the calculation is shown in FIGS.
It is shown in (j). 7A to 7H show the soft magnetic material 3
The position d of the end portion of the hard magnetic body 1 when the position of the end portion of is the origin is -200 μm, −150 μm, −100 μm, −
The distribution of the magnetic flux density of the soft magnetic material 3 is shown when the end portions of the hard magnetic material 1 and the soft magnetic material 3 coincide with each other at 50 μm, 0 μm, and 25 μm, 50 μm, and 100 μm.

In the figure, the model used for the calculation is shown with its position aligned. As is clear from the figure, when the hard magnetic body 1 is small and the end of the hard magnetic body 1 is farther than the end of the soft magnetic body 3 [corresponding to FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b)], It can be seen that the effect of the hard magnetic body 1 is exerted only on a part of the body 3.

Conversely, when the hard magnetic material 1 is larger than the soft magnetic material 3 and the end of the hard magnetic material 1 is farther than the end of the soft magnetic material 3 [corresponding to FIG. 7 (g) and FIG. 7 (h)]. ], The effect of reverse bias is exerted on the entire soft magnetic body 3, but it is understood that the absolute value thereof becomes small.

FIG. 8 (a) and FIG. 8 (b) show a summary of these things using d / Ls as a parameter. Here, FIG. 8A shows the magnetic flux density of the central portion of the soft magnetic body 3, and FIG. 8B shows the magnetic flux density of the soft magnetic body 3.
Is the value integrated in the length direction of.

As is apparent from FIG. 8A, when considering the absolute value of the magnetic flux density when the soft magnetic body 1 is reverse biased, -0.44≤d / Ls≤0.06 Preferably
It can be seen that in the range of −0.33 ≦ d / Ls ≦ 0, the absolute value of the magnetic flux density is further increased, which is more preferable.

On the other hand, from FIG. 8B, from the viewpoint that the soft magnetic material 3 is reverse biased as a whole, −0.22 ≦
d / Ls ≦ 0.22 is preferable, −0.11 ≦ d / Ls
In the range of ≦ 0.06, 80% or more of the entire magnetic material has a reverse bias effect, which is more preferable, and d / Ls = 0 is even more preferable.

As described above, in the magnetic element of the present invention, the eddy current loss in the hard magnetic body 1 is small even when an AC current is applied to the planar spiral coil, but the loss is further suppressed. In order to suppress the generation of eddy current, it is effective to divide the hard magnetic body 1 into two or more in its plane. However, when in-plane division is performed in a direction perpendicular to the remanent magnetization direction, it is assumed that the soft magnetic body 3 is not effectively reverse-biased if the distance between the adjacent hard magnetic bodies 1 after division is large. It In view of this, a magnetic field simulation was performed in which the distance between the hard magnetic bodies 1 after division was changed.

The results are shown in FIGS. 9A to 9H, and the model used for the calculation is shown in FIGS.
It is shown in (j). 9A to 9H, when the divided hard magnetic material is 50 μm, the intervals are ∞ (when only one hard magnetic material piece is arranged), 250 μm, and 100 μm.
m, 50 μm, 30 μm, 17 μm, 7 μm, 0 μm
The distribution of the magnetic flux density of the soft magnetic material 3 in the case of (when not divided) is shown. The position of the model used for the calculation is also shown in the figure.

As can be seen from FIG. 9, there is one hard magnetic material 1 [FIG. 9 (a)] or a case where the distance is wider than the length of the hard magnetic material 1 [FIG. 9 (b) or FIG. In (c)], the effect is recognized in the vicinity of the hard magnetic body 1, but it can be seen that the reverse bias effect is not sufficient because there is a portion where the soft magnetic body 3 is hardly affected.

In contrast to these, FIGS. 9 (d) to 9 (h)
Shows that the magnetic flux density distribution varies depending on the position of the soft magnetic material 3, but the effect of the reverse bias appears at any part. Therefore, in the magnetic element core having the planar hard magnetic material 1 divided in the plane in the direction perpendicular to the remanent magnetization direction, 0 ≦ lg / lm ≦ 1 (where lm is the divided hard magnetic material). It is effective to divide the hard magnetic body 1 so that the length of the remanent magnetization direction 2, lg is the length of the remanent magnetization direction 2 between adjacent hard magnetic bodies.

When 0 ≦ lg / lm ≦ 0.6 [corresponding to FIG. 9 (e) to FIG. 9 (h)], the unevenness of the magnetic flux density distribution is about 50%, which is preferable, and 0 ≦ lg / Lm ≦
In the case of 0.14 [corresponding to FIG. 9 (g) or FIG. 9 (h)], there is almost no unevenness in the magnetic flux density distribution and the reverse bias magnetic field becomes large, which is more preferable.

Next, the case where the hard magnetic body 1 is divided along the remanent magnetization direction (magnetization direction) 2 of the hard magnetic body 1 will be described. The bias effect of the soft magnetic material 3 when the hard magnetic material 1 was divided along the remanent magnetization direction 2 was calculated by magnetic field simulation. The model used for calculation is 4
The hard magnetic body 1 of the same size is arranged on one surface of the soft magnetic body 3 of 50 μm × 150 μm × 10 μm ^t , and its outline is shown in FIG.

When the hard magnetic material 1 is not divided, or when the hard magnetic material 1 is divided into 50 μm width and 7 μm intervals (hereinafter referred to as [50 μm / 7 μm]), [50 μm
/ 17 μm], [50 μm / 30 μm], [50 μm /
50 μm] was calculated.

The respective shapes are shown in FIGS. 11-1 and 11-.
2, FIG. 11-3, FIG. 11-4, and FIG. 11-5 show the distribution of the magnetic flux density generated in the soft magnetic body 3 by the hard magnetic body 1 (the horizontal axis is the soft magnetic field along the arrow shown in FIG. 11-1). Figure 11-11, Figure 11-12, Figure 11-13, Figure 11-
14 and 11 to 15, the hard magnetic body 1 is used to form the soft magnetic body 3
11-21 and FIG. 11 show the distribution of the magnetic flux density (the horizontal axis is the position of the soft magnetic material along the arrow shown in FIG. 11-1) generated in FIG.
-22, Fig. 11-23, Fig. 11-24, and Fig. 11-25, respectively.

As can be seen from these figures, the hard magnetic material 1
When the hard magnetic body 1 is divided along the remanent magnetization direction (magnetization direction), the magnetic flux density generated in the soft magnetic body 3 decreases as the division interval increases, but the hard magnetic body 1 is divided. However, the magnetic flux density generated in the soft magnetic material 3 has no unevenness, and the effect of reverse bias appears almost uniformly, so that it is a preferable division method.

Next, the case where the soft magnetic body 3 is divided along the remanent magnetization direction (magnetization direction) of the hard magnetic body 1 will be described. Dividing the soft magnetic body 3 is effective in reducing the eddy current loss generated in the soft magnetic body 3. Similar to the above, the bias effect of the soft magnetic material 3 was calculated by magnetic field simulation. The model used for the calculation is 45
The soft magnetic body 3 of the same size is arranged on one surface of the hard magnetic body 1 of 0 μm × 450 μm × 10 μm ^t , and its outline is shown in FIG.

When the soft magnetic material 3 is not divided, when the soft magnetic material 3 has a width of 50 μm and is divided at intervals of 7 μm (hereinafter referred to as [50 μm / 7 μm]), [50 μm
/ 17 μm], [50 μm / 30 μm], [50 μm /
50 μm] was calculated.

The respective shapes are shown in FIGS. 13-1 to 13-5.
13-11 to 13-15 show the distribution of the magnetic flux density generated in the soft magnetic material by the hard magnetic material (the horizontal axis is the position of the soft magnetic material along the arrow shown in FIG. 13-1). Distribution of the magnetic flux density generated in the soft magnetic body by the body (the horizontal axis is shown in FIG.
Position of the soft magnetic material along the arrow indicated by -1) in FIG.
21 to 13 to 25, respectively.

As can be seen from these figures, the hard magnetic material 1
When the soft magnetic body 3 is divided along the remanent magnetization direction (magnetization direction), the magnetic flux density generated in the soft magnetic body 3 is uniform, and the effect of reverse bias appears almost uniformly. It turns out that this is the preferred division method.

Further, the maximum magnetic flux density generated in the soft magnetic material 3 is obtained from the result of dividing the hard magnetic material 1 or the soft magnetic material 3 along the remanent magnetization direction (magnetization direction) of the hard magnetic material 1. And hard magnetic material volume (Vm) / soft magnetic material volume (Vs)
In FIG. 14, a symbol X represents the relationship with (indicated by ◯ Δ in FIG. 14 will be described later).

From this figure, the magnetic flux density of the soft magnetic material 3 is on the same straight line when the hard magnetic material 1 is divided and when the soft magnetic material 3 is divided, and the magnetic flux density generated in the soft magnetic material 3 is shown. Is hard magnetic material volume (Vm) / soft magnetic material volume (V
It can be seen that it is proportional to s).

The result of FIG. 14 is calculated assuming the hard magnetic material 1 having a residual magnetic flux density of Br = 1T.
The generated magnetic flux is proportional to the residual magnetic flux density Br of the hard magnetic body 1. Therefore, the magnetic flux density Bsoft generated in the soft magnetic body 3 is Bsoft = 0.83 · Br · Vm.
It can be expressed as / Vs.

In the above, the relative magnetic permeability of the soft magnetic material 3 is set to 60.
This is the case when calculated as 0, but the relative permeability is halved to 30.
Even when the value is set to 0 or 1200, the magnetic flux density generated in the soft magnetic material 3 hardly changes and can be expressed by the above equation (this is shown in FIG. The magnetic flux density generated in the soft magnetic body 3 in the same model when the magnetic susceptibility is 300 is indicated by ◯, and when 1200 is indicated by Δ. The reason is that when the relative magnetic permeability of the soft magnetic body 3 is larger than a certain level, the effective relative magnetic permeability is almost the same due to the influence of the demagnetizing field of the soft magnetic body 3 itself.

The above calculation is for the case where the sizes of the hard magnetic material 1 and the soft magnetic material 3 are 450 μm × 450 μm, but when the sizes are changed, that is, 450 μm × 10.
0 μm (width in the direction perpendicular to the remanent magnetization × length in the remanent magnetization direction; hereinafter the same in this paragraph), 450 μm
× 1000 μm, 1000 μm × 450 μm, 100 μ
Even in the case of m × 450 μm, the magnetic flux density generated in the soft magnetic body 3 is almost the same as the above, and can be expressed by the above formula regardless of the size.

Now, one of the objects of the present invention is to change or expand the movable range of the current range of the magnetic element by the magnetic element core in which the bias magnetic field is applied to the soft magnetic body 3 by the hard magnetic body 1. However, there is an appropriate range depending on the parts, equipment, and devices using the magnetic element. For example,
Magnetic element (inductor) used for switching power supply
Normally, a triangular wave current having a lower limit of 0 A flows, so the magnetic element must operate at a current of 0 A or higher.

Therefore, in the magnetic element core according to the present invention used for the magnetic element in this case, the hard magnetic material 1 is used.
There should be an appropriate relationship between the physical properties of the soft magnetic material 3 and the like and the above-mentioned use. That is, it is preferable that the soft magnetic body 3 is not magnetically saturated by the bias magnetic field of the hard magnetic body 1 (in the example of the inductor used for the switching power supply, it is preferable to operate from 0A). For that purpose, in the magnetic element core of the present invention, it is necessary that the magnetic flux density generated in the soft magnetic body 3 does not exceed the saturation magnetic flux density Bs of the soft magnetic body 3.

Therefore, according to the above equation, Bs ≧ B
soft = 0.83 · Br · Vm / Vs, that is,
0.83 · Br · Vm ≦ Bs · Vs (Br is residual magnetic flux density of planar hard magnetic material, Vm is volume of hard magnetic material, Bs is saturation magnetic flux density of soft magnetic material, Vs is volume of soft magnetic material) And is preferable as the core used in the magnetic element for such an application.

Further, a magnetic element core in which one or two or more of the above magnetic element cores are combined so that the remanent magnetization directions of the hard magnetic bodies are aligned has the same effect, so that the desired characteristics are obtained. It is possible to freely manufacture a corresponding core for a magnetic element.

A magnetic element in which one or more of the above-mentioned magnetic element cores are arranged on both sides or one side of a planar coil or a linear conductor, wherein the magnetic core is a hard magnetic material. Soft magnetic material 3 by the remanent magnetization direction of 1 and the coil
By arranging the core so that the direction of magnetization is the same, it is possible to obtain a magnetic element having the above-described effect such that characteristics are not deteriorated even with a large current. In this case, the coil may be a spiral type, a comb type (meaner type), the linear conductor may be linear, or may be a straight line connected. However, it may be curved.

When the magnetic element cores are arranged on both sides of the planar coil or the linear conductor, usually, the hard magnetic material 1 of the two magnetic element cores facing each other with the coil or the linear conductor interposed therebetween. The remanent magnetization directions of are opposite to each other. In the case of a magnetic element in which the magnetic element core is arranged only on one surface of the planar coil or the linear conductor, the soft magnetic body 3 is arranged on the other surface on which the magnetic element core is not arranged. Also, since it is possible to obtain the advantage that the inductance increases while maintaining the same effect as the above, it is a preferable configuration.

Similarly, in the magnetic element in which the magnetic element core is arranged inside the solenoid type coil, the residual magnetization direction of the hard magnetic material 1 of the magnetic element core and the soft magnetic material 3 are magnetized by the coil. By arranging the cores so that the directions are the same, it is possible to obtain a magnetic element having the above-described effect that the characteristics do not deteriorate even with a large current.

Further, in order to achieve the effect of the present invention, the soft magnetic material 3 of the planar magnetic element is specifically different from that of the conventional planar magnetic element that does not use the hard magnetic material 1. The planar hard magnetic body 1 magnetized in the in-plane direction is applied to the surface of the magnetic element composed of the soft magnetic body 3 and the coil (conductor) so that the magnetic field is applied in the direction opposite to the direction magnetized by the coil current. By arranging in the normal line direction, it is possible to change the operating current range of the conventional magnetic element and increase the rated current value.

On the other hand, although a magnetic element (inductor or the like) is used for the switching power supply, a triangular wave current as shown in FIG. 15A generally flows through this magnetic element when the switching power supply operates. . At that time, as shown in FIG.
It will be magnetized periodically between and along the H curve.

However, when a large current [above FIG. 15 (a)] is applied, the magnetic body (magnetic core) used for the magnetic element (inductor) causes magnetic saturation [FIG. 15 (b)]. Therefore, the switching power supply cannot operate normally because it does not operate as an inductor. That is, the switching power supply is limited to use in a current range in which the magnetic body (magnetic core) used for the magnetic element (inductor) does not cause magnetic saturation.

On the other hand, when the magnetic element of the present invention is used for the switching power supply, since the magnetic element is biased by the hard magnetic material 1 in advance, a large current can be handled. That is, since the soft magnetic body 3 of the magnetic element according to the present invention is biased in the opposite direction in advance due to the arrangement effect of the hard magnetic body 1, [the position shown in FIG. 16 (a)], Since it is periodically magnetized between and along the B-H curve as shown in FIG. 16 (b), it becomes possible to pass a larger current than the above-mentioned conventional example in the coil, The switching power supply can handle a larger amount of electric power than the conventional one.

Further, during the normal operation, the current as shown in FIG. 17A (that is, the lower limit current is 0
In the application in which (when larger than A) flows, the soft magnetic material 3 is magnetically saturated as shown in FIG. 17B in the conventional magnetic element in which the hard magnetic material 1 is not arranged. , Such a magnetic element cannot be used. However, it was biased in place [Fig.
The position as shown in (c), that is, the soft magnetic body 3 is reverse-biased to a magnetic field corresponding to the average value of the current flowing through the coil.] The magnetic element of the present invention can be applied to such applications. .

Further, in order to obtain the effects of the present invention, the soft magnetic material of the planar magnetic element is specifically applied to the switching power supply using the planar magnetic element such as the conventional inductor which does not use the hard magnetic material. The planar hard magnetic body 1 magnetized in the in-plane direction is composed of the soft magnetic body 3 and the coil (conductor) so that the magnetic field is applied in the direction opposite to the direction in which the portion 3 is magnetized by the coil current. By arranging in the direction normal to the surface of the magnetic element, the operating current range of the conventional magnetic element can be changed, or the rated current value can be increased to change the operating current range of the switching power supply or increase the rated current. Is possible.

Specific examples of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

Example 1 First, Example 1 of the present invention will be described.

FIGS. 4 to 6 are configuration diagrams of a magnetic element core according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIGS.
(A), FIG. 6 (a), FIG. 4 (c) to FIG. 4 (e), FIG.
FIGS. 5C to 5E and FIGS. 6C to 6E are external views showing an example of the magnetic element core of the present invention.

FIG. 4A is characterized in that it is composed of a planar hard magnetic material 1 having a residual magnetization in one direction in the surface and a planar soft magnetic material 3 arranged on one surface thereof. 5A is an example of a core for a magnetic element, in which two planar hard magnetic bodies 1 having residual magnetization in one in-plane direction are arranged on both sides of the planar soft magnetic body 3, and FIG. 6A is an example of a magnetic element core characterized in that the remanent magnetization directions of two planar hard magnetic bodies 1 are aligned, and FIG. 6A shows a planar hard magnetic material having remanent magnetization in one in-plane direction. Body 1 and 2 on both sides
It is an example of a core for a magnetic element, which is constituted by two planar soft magnetic bodies 3.

Further, FIGS. 4C to 4D and FIG.
(C) to FIG. 5 (d) and FIG. 6 (c) to FIG. 6 (d) show that the surface hard magnetic material 1 or the surface soft magnetic material 3 or both of them are surfaces in the magnetic element core. It is an example of being divided within.

In any case, if the hard magnetic body 1 is arranged so that the soft magnetic body 3 receives the bias magnetic field, the configuration shown in FIGS. 4 (e), 5 (e), and 6 (e) is used. ), It may be curved. Further, the hard magnetic body 1 and the soft magnetic body 3 may be in close contact with each other, or an air layer or an insulating layer may be interposed therebetween.

A method of manufacturing the soft magnetic body 3 and the hard magnetic body 1 in separate steps and then bonding them together, the soft magnetic body 3
It is possible to manufacture by forming the hard magnetic material 1 on the hard magnetic material 1 or forming the hard magnetic material 1 on the hard magnetic material 3 or forming the soft magnetic material 3 on the hard magnetic material 1 .

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 18 is a constitutional view of a magnetic element showing Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and FIG. 18A is an external view showing a magnetic element showing Embodiment 2 of the present invention. (B) is a figure for demonstrating the component of the magnetic element.

This magnetic element is composed of a planar hard magnetic material (1a, 1a).
b), the planar soft magnetic bodies (3a, 3b), the coil 4 as a conductor, the planar soft magnetic bodies (3c, 3d), and the planar hard magnetic body (1
c, 1d).

Planar hard magnetic material (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d)
The arrow 2 attached to indicates the magnetization direction of the hard magnetic material, and the arrow 6 attached to the planar soft magnetic material (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) indicates that the soft magnetic material 3 is excited by the current flowing through the coil 4. Represents the direction in which to move. That is, the magnetic element of the present invention comprises the magnetic element cores (1a and 3a, 1b and 3b, 1
c and 3c, 1d and 3d) are arranged on both sides of the coil 4 formed in a planar shape, and depending on the magnetization direction of the planar hard magnetic material 1 in the magnetic element core and the current flowing in the coil 4. This is an example of a magnetic element in which the soft magnetic body 3 is magnetized in the same direction.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but the magnetic element core (for example, the hard magnetic body 1a) in which the planar soft magnetic body 3 and the planar hard magnetic body 1 are turned upside down. And soft magnetic body 3a and hard magnetic body 1b and soft magnetic body 3b are arranged upside down).

Further, it is preferable that the coil 4 and the magnetic element core are insulated from each other by an insulator or the like, but the magnetic element core is not electrically conductive.
When the current flowing through the magnetic element core does not flow through the magnetic element core, it may be placed in close contact with the coil 4.

Further, the magnetic element core according to the present invention is arranged only on one surface of the coil 4 [eg, FIG. 18 (b)].
In which the soft magnetic bodies 3c and 3d and the hard magnetic bodies 1c and 1d are not arranged], the same effect can be obtained, and the magnetic element core according to the present invention is provided only on one surface of the coil 4. Even if the soft magnetic body 3 is arranged on the other surface of the coil 4 [for example, the hard magnetic bodies 1c and 1d are not arranged in FIG. 18 (b)], the same effect can be obtained. .

Some examples of the method of manufacturing the magnetic element of this example are shown below.

The first manufacturing method is the core for a magnetic element according to the present invention in which the planar hard magnetic material 1 and the planar soft magnetic material 3 magnetized in a predetermined direction are combined (in the magnetic element shown in FIG. Are 1a and 3a, 1b and 3b, 1c and 3c, 1d and 3
It is possible to manufacture a plurality of cores each combining d) and arrange these magnetic element cores above and below the spiral coil 4 formed into a planar shape by winding a conductor.

The second manufacturing method may be a method of manufacturing by a thin film process. That is, the hard magnetic thin film (1c, 1d) is formed on a substrate on which a predetermined pattern is formed by a photoresist or the like exposed by a photomask, and the predetermined pattern is formed on the hard magnetic thin film (1c, 1d). , 3d) is formed, a predetermined pattern is formed on this via an insulating film, and then a conductor is formed to form a coil pattern (4), and then a predetermined pattern is formed thereon. It can also be manufactured by forming the soft magnetic material (3a, 3b), forming a predetermined pattern thereon, and then forming the hard magnetic material thin film (1a, 1b).

In this case, at the time of forming the hard magnetic thin film, uniaxial anisotropy is given so that the hard magnetic thin film is magnetized in a predetermined direction or is easily magnetized later. Therefore, it is preferable to form the film in a magnetic field. Further, an insulating layer may be interposed between the coil, the soft magnetic material, and the hard magnetic material in order to maintain the insulating property.

It is also preferable that the hard magnetic material 1 be magnetized or strengthened by passing a current through the coil after forming the magnetic element. The above-mentioned first method is a relatively simple method as compared with arranging magnetized cores close to each other. Particularly, in the second method, a plurality of hard magnetic materials are used in the film forming step. This is because it is possible to simplify the process as compared with the case where the magnet is magnetized in a plurality of directions.

In addition, the magnetic element of the present invention employs a structure in which the planar hard magnetic material 1 is magnetized in the magnetic field direction generated by the current flowing through the coil, which is effective. Therefore, such a method is possible. Further, when magnetizing by such a method, it is preferable to impart uniaxial anisotropy to the hard magnetic body 1 so that the hard magnetic body is magnetized in a desired direction.

Furthermore, the method of the present invention is also effective in strengthening the magnetization of the hard magnetic material in the magnetic element according to the present invention.
When a current is applied to the coil, it is preferable to apply a pulsed current or voltage because the coil may generate heat due to Joule heat.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 1 is a structural view of a magnetic element showing Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) is an external view showing the magnetic element, and FIG. 1 (b) is the magnetic element. It is a figure for demonstrating the component of.

The magnetic element core disposed in the magnetic element described with reference to FIG. 18B is divided into a plurality of pieces (or the planar hard magnetic body 1 and the planar soft magnetic body 3 according to the present invention. Example 16 except that 16 magnetic element cores are arranged above and below the planar coil 4)
It is similar to the magnetic element shown in. Even when such a configuration is adopted, it is possible to obtain the same effect as that of the second embodiment.

Further, when the magnetic element core is divided by such a structure, there is an effect of reducing the eddy current loss generated in the magnetic element core. When a plurality of magnetic element cores are arranged as in this embodiment, the same magnetic element cores may be arranged, but a plurality of types of magnetic element cores may be arranged.

(Embodiment 4) FIG. 19 is a structural view of a magnetic element showing Embodiment 4 of the present invention. FIG. 19 (a) is an external view showing the magnetic element, and FIG. 19 (b) is the magnetic element. It is a figure for demonstrating the component of. The magnetic element according to the second embodiment is the same as the magnetic element according to the second embodiment except that only the hard magnetic body 1 of the magnetic element core arranged in the magnetic element is divided into a plurality of pieces. Example 2 also when such a configuration is adopted
The same effect as can be obtained.

Contrary to the magnetic element core of the present embodiment, a magnetic element core in which only the soft magnetic material is divided into a plurality of element sides can naturally obtain a magnetic element which exhibits the effect of the present invention. Is possible. Further, with this configuration, when the hard magnetic body 1 or the soft magnetic body 3 of the magnetic element core is divided, it also has an effect of reducing the eddy current loss generated in the magnetic element core.

When the hard magnetic body 1 or the soft magnetic body 3 of the magnetic element core is divided and arranged as in this embodiment, the divided hard magnetic body 1 or the soft magnetic body 1 is arranged. 3 may have the same characteristics, but may have a plurality of types.

(Embodiment 5) FIG. 20 is a structural view of a magnetic element showing Embodiment 5 of the present invention. FIG. 20 (a) is an external view showing the magnetic element, and FIG. 20 (b) is the magnetic element. It is a figure for demonstrating the component of.

Even with such a pattern of the coil 4, the effects of the present invention can be effectively exhibited. Although it is effective to dispose the magnetic element core according to the present invention on only one side of the coil 4, the magnetic element core according to the present invention is further disposed on the four sides of the coil 4 as shown in this embodiment. By doing so, the effect of the present invention can be made remarkable.

(Embodiment 6) FIG. 21 is a structural diagram of a magnetic element showing Embodiment 5 of the present invention. FIG. 21 (a) is an external view showing the magnetic element, and FIG. 21 (b) is the magnetic element. It is a figure for demonstrating the component of.

The effects intended by the present invention can also be obtained by disposing the magnetic element cores of the present invention above and below the conductor lines 4a as in this embodiment. Also,
Even when the magnetic element core according to the present invention is arranged only on one side of the conductor line 4a [for example, when the hard magnetic body 1b and the soft magnetic body 3b are not arranged in FIG. 21 (b)], the purpose of the present invention is In this case, when only the soft magnetic body 3 is arranged on the surface opposite to the surface on which the magnetic element core is arranged [for example, the hard magnetic body 1b is not arranged in FIG. 21 (b)). The case] is more preferable because the inductance increases.

Even if a plurality of linear magnetic elements of this embodiment are connected in series (for example, connected in a spiral type, connected in a comb type (meaner type), etc.), a plurality of them are connected in parallel. Even if they are connected, the intended effect of the present invention can be obtained.

(Embodiment 7) FIG. 22 is an external view showing a magnetic element according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. This magnetic element is composed of a magnetic element core of the present invention in which a planar soft magnetic material 3 is arranged between planar hard magnetic materials (1a, 1b) and a coil 4. The arrow attached to the planar hard magnetic body 1a indicates the magnetization direction of the hard magnetic body 1a, and the planar soft magnetic body 3 is in a direction opposite to the direction in which the soft magnetic body 3 is excited by the current flowing through the coil 4. A bias magnetic field is applied to the sheet by the planar hard magnetic bodies (1a, 1b). That is, the magnetic element core according to the present invention is arranged inside the solenoid type coil, and the magnetization direction of the planar hard magnetic material (1a, 1b) in the magnetic element core and the current flowing through the solenoid coil 4 This is an example of a magnetic element in which the soft magnetic body 3 is magnetized in the same direction.

Some examples of the method of manufacturing the magnetic element of this example are shown below.

The first manufacturing method is the core for a magnetic element according to the present invention, which is a combination of the planar hard magnetic material (1a, 1b) magnetized in a predetermined direction and the planar soft magnetic material 3 [the planar hard magnetic material]. Magnetic body 1
a and 1b and the soft magnetic material 3 disposed between them are manufactured, and the conductor is wound around the magnetic element core.

The second manufacturing method is a method of manufacturing by the same thin film process as that described in the second embodiment.
It is also the same as the second embodiment that it is preferable that the hard magnetic material (1a, 1b) is magnetized by passing a current through the coil after the magnetic element is formed.

(Embodiment 8) It is also possible to manufacture the magnetic element according to the present invention by disposing a planar hard magnetic material on the conventional magnetic element so as to obtain the effects of the present invention.
That is, after the conventional planar magnetic element (planar inductor) shown in FIG. 2 is manufactured, the planar hard magnetic material 1 is arranged on the upper portion or the lower portion or both of them as shown in FIG. It is possible to obtain such a magnetic element.

Further, a conventional magnetic element having no hard magnetic material 1 [for example, the hard magnetic material portion (1
a, 1b, 1c, 1d) are not arranged, and the coil 4
And a soft magnetic material (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) shown in FIG.
8 (a) Appearance of magnetic element], a flat hard magnetic material is arranged on the upper part or the lower part or both of them so as to obtain the effect shown in Example 2 (that is, as shown in FIG. Arrange the planar hard magnetic bodies (1 or more of 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) so as to have the arrangement shown in b).
As a result, the magnetic element according to the present invention can be obtained.

Further, by arranging a hard magnetic material having an appropriate size, arrangement, and residual magnetic flux density, a magnetic element having desired characteristics can be obtained, that is, the operating current range of the magnetic element can be changed. It is possible to increase the rated current. Further, according to such a method, it is possible to easily improve the characteristics of the conventional magnetic element.

(Embodiment 9) FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram in the case where the magnetic element according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention is applied to a non-insulated step-down switching power supply. FIG. 23 (a) shows the magnetic element. FIG. 23B is a circuit configuration diagram when applied to a non-insulated step-down switching power supply, and FIG. 23B is a diagram showing a current waveform flowing through each element during operation of the switching power supply. In addition,
In FIG. 23, 11 is a control IC for the switching power supply,
12 is a switching semiconductor, 13 is a diode, and 14 is a capacitor.

Therefore, when the switching power supply is operating, the current shown by i _L in FIG. 23B flows through the inductor 10, so that the magnetic element of the present invention exerts its effect. It is necessary to pay attention to the direction to do. That is, regarding the direction of the magnetic field generated in the portion of the soft magnetic body 3 of the magnetic element core, the magnetic element is set so that the reverse bias magnetic field generated by the hard magnetic body 1 and the average current flowing in the coil portion are reversed. Need to connect. For example, the magnetic element of the present invention shown in FIG.
When used as the inductor of the switching power supply shown in (a), the effect of the present invention can be obtained by connecting the coil terminal 4a shown in FIG. 18 (a) to the input side and connecting the terminal 4b to the output side. Is possible.

(Embodiment 10) In a conventional switching power supply having a magnetic element, the planar hard magnetic material 1 is arranged in the magnetic element so as to achieve the effect of the present invention, thereby manufacturing the switching power supply according to the present invention. It is also possible. For example, a conventional magnetic element having no hard magnetic material 1 [for example, in FIG.
1b, 1c, 1d) is not arranged, and is composed of the coil 4 and the soft magnetic material (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d).
A magnetic element having the appearance of (a)], a planar hard magnetic material is arranged above or below the magnetic element portion of the switching power supply having the effect described in Example 9 (that is, a reverse bias effect). 18 to play
The plane hard magnetic material (1
By disposing one or more of a, 1b, 1c, 1d)], the switching power supply according to the present invention can be obtained.

Furthermore, the rated current of the switching power supply can be increased by disposing a hard magnetic material having an appropriate size, disposition, and residual magnetic flux density.

(Embodiment 11) The present invention is effective even when applied to a transformer. FIG. 24 shows an example of components of a spiral type transformer. It is the same as that shown in the third embodiment except that the coil portion is constituted by the primary coil 4 and the secondary coil 5. Further, the effect of the present invention can be achieved even with a winding (solenoid) type transformer as shown in FIG. Even with such a configuration, it is possible to supply a transformer that can be used up to a high current without easily saturating the soft magnetic material 3 due to the current flowing into the primary coil.

(Embodiment 12) A magnetic element according to the present invention is
As described in the ninth embodiment, it is necessary to pay attention to the connecting direction in order to exert the effect. Therefore, when the magnetic element is mounted on an electronic circuit board or the like, it is preferable that the input / output terminals can be identified. For identification, for example, the magnetic element 10 may be provided with an identification mark 20 as shown in FIG. 26A, or the packaged magnetic field may be provided as shown in FIG. The element may have a cut or the like.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made based on the spirit of the present invention, and these modifications are not excluded from the scope of the present invention.

[0140]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be achieved.

[A] A magnetic element core comprising a planar hard magnetic material having remanent magnetization in one direction in the plane, and a planar soft magnetic material disposed on one surface thereof,
Further, two planar hard magnetic bodies having remanent magnetization in one in-plane direction are arranged on both surfaces of the planar soft magnetic body, and the remanent magnetization directions of the two planar hard magnetic bodies are aligned. And a planar hard magnetic body having remanent magnetization in one in-plane direction, and two planar soft magnetic bodies disposed on both surfaces thereof. In each of the magnetic element cores, the soft magnetic material is pre-magnetized in order to exert the reverse bias effect by the planar hard magnetic material magnetized in one direction in the surface, and as a result, depending on the magnetic field in the reverse direction, It has an effect that magnetic saturation hardly occurs, and has preferable properties as a core for a magnetic element that requires a large current.

[B] The ratio of the size of the planar hard magnetic material to the size of the soft magnetic material is -0.22 ≦ d / Ls ≦ 0.06 (Ls is the length of the soft magnetic material in the remanent magnetization direction of the hard magnetic material, d Is the position of the end portion of the hard magnetic material when the position of the end portion of the soft magnetic material is the origin), the effect of the reverse bias by the hard magnetic material can be made more remarkable. It has preferable properties as a core for a magnetic element that requires a large current.

[C] In the magnetic element core, the magnetic element core is characterized in that the planar hard magnetic material or the planar soft magnetic material or both are divided in-plane. Since the eddy current loss is small even when the element core is used in an alternating magnetic field, it has characteristics particularly preferable as a magnetic element core such as an inductor.
In this case, in a magnetic element core having a planar hard magnetic body divided in a plane in a direction perpendicular to the remanent magnetization direction, 0 ≦ lg / lm ≦ 1 (lm is the residual magnetization of the hard magnetic body) By setting the length in the direction, lg is the length in the remanent magnetization direction between the adjacent hard magnetic bodies, it is possible to perform division while maintaining the characteristics.

[D] 0.83 · Br · Vm ≦ Bs · Vs
(Br is the residual magnetic flux density of the planar hard magnetic material, Vm is the volume of the hard magnetic material, Bs is the saturation magnetic flux density of the soft magnetic material, and Vs is the volume of the soft magnetic material). It is possible to make the effect of
It has preferable properties as a core for a magnetic element that requires a large current.

[E] A magnetic element core in which one or more of the above-mentioned magnetic element cores are combined so that the remanent magnetization directions of the hard magnetic bodies are aligned, and similarly a magnetic element requiring a large current. It has desirable properties as a core.

[F] When the above-mentioned magnetic element core is applied to a magnetic element, that is, one or two or more magnetic element cores among the above-mentioned magnetic element cores are provided on both surfaces or one surface of the planar coil. By arranging the magnetic elements so that the residual magnetization direction of the hard magnetic material of the magnetic element core and the direction in which the soft magnetic material is magnetized by the coil are the same, the characteristics can be improved even with a large current. It is possible to obtain a magnetic element, which is not deteriorated, has little deterioration with time of the hard magnetic material to be arranged, and is rather magnetized by use, particularly a small or thin magnetic element. Further, since the alternating magnetic flux generated by magnetizing the soft magnetic material by the AC current flowing through the coil hardly passes through the hard magnetic material portion, there is an effect that the eddy current loss in the hard magnetic material portion is small. The same effect can be obtained also in the magnetic element in which the magnetic element core is arranged on one surface of the planar coil and the soft magnetic material is arranged on the other surface of the coil.

[G] A magnetic element in which one or more magnetic element cores among the above magnetic element cores are arranged inside a solenoid coil, and a hard magnetic material of the magnetic element core By arranging so that the residual magnetization direction and the direction in which the soft magnetic material is magnetized by the coil are the same, the characteristics do not deteriorate even with a large current, and the arrangement is the same as above. It is possible to obtain a magnetic element, in particular, a small or thin magnetic element in which the deterioration of the hard magnetic material with time is small and the magnetization is strengthened by use.

[H] Since the alternating magnetic flux generated by the magnetization of the soft magnetic material by the AC current flowing through the coil hardly passes through the hard magnetic material portion, the effect of reducing the eddy current loss in the hard magnetic material portion is small. Also has.

[I] A magnetic element in which one or more magnetic element cores among the above-mentioned magnetic element cores are arranged on both surfaces or one surface of a linear conductor, wherein the magnetic element cores are hard. By arranging so that the remanent magnetization direction of the magnetic material and the direction in which the soft magnetic material is magnetized by the linear conductor are the same, the characteristics do not deteriorate even with a large current, and the hard magnetic material that is arranged deteriorates over time. It is possible to obtain a magnetic element whose magnetization is small and whose magnetization is strengthened by use, particularly a small or thin magnetic element. In addition, since the alternating magnetic flux generated by magnetizing the soft magnetic material by the AC current flowing through the coil hardly passes through the hard magnetic material portion, the eddy current loss in the hard magnetic material portion is small.

[J] Similar effects can be obtained in a magnetic element in which the above-mentioned magnetic element core is arranged on one surface of the planar coil and the soft magnetic material is arranged on the other surface of the linear conductor. Have.

[K] In the above-mentioned magnetic element, if the current is passed through the coil to magnetize or strengthen the magnetization of the planar hard magnetic material in the magnetic element core, the process is simplified. It is possible to plan.

[L] By arranging the planar hard magnetic material magnetized in the in-plane direction in the direction normal to the surface of the magnetic element composed of the soft magnetic material and the conductor, the effect of the present invention can be achieved relatively easily. The magnetic element can be manufactured, and the rated current of the magnetic element can be increased or the operating current range can be changed by such a method.

[M] By using the above magnetic element as a component of a switching power supply, it is possible to realize a small or thin switching power supply capable of handling a large current and electric power.

[N] In the switching power supply having the planar magnetic element, the planar hard magnetic material magnetized in the in-plane direction is arranged in the normal direction to the surface of the magnetic element composed of the soft magnetic material and the conductor. It is possible to relatively easily obtain a switching power supply that exhibits the effects of the present invention, and it is also possible to increase the rated current of the switching power supply by such a method.

[O] Making the input and output terminals of the magnetic element identifiable has the effect of facilitating handling when mounting the magnetic element on an electronic circuit board or the like.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an appearance and constituent elements of a magnetic element of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view for explaining the appearance, sectional view, and magnetic flux density distribution during operation of a conventional magnetic element.

FIG. 3 is a view for explaining the appearance, cross-sectional view, and magnetic flux density distribution during operation of the magnetic element according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a magnetic element core according to the present invention and its characteristics.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a magnetic element core according to the present invention and its characteristics.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a magnetic element core according to the present invention and its characteristics.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux density generated in a magnetic material when the sizes of a soft magnetic material and a hard magnetic material are changed, and a model used for calculation.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the size of the soft magnetic material and the size of the hard magnetic material and the magnetic flux density generated in the magnetic material.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux density generated in a magnetic body when a hard magnetic body is divided and arranged, and a model used for calculation.

FIG. 10 shows an outline of a model used for calculation when a hard magnetic material is divided and arranged.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux density generated in a magnetic body when a hard magnetic body is divided and arranged, and a model used for calculation.

FIG. 12 shows an outline of a model used for calculation when a hard magnetic material is divided and arranged.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux density generated in a magnetic body when a hard magnetic body is divided and arranged, and a model used for calculation.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the ratio of the hard magnetic material volume to the soft magnetic material volume and the magnetic flux density generated in the soft magnetic material.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an operation of a conventional magnetic element.

FIG. 16 shows the operation of the magnetic element of the present invention.

FIG. 17 shows operations of the conventional magnetic element and the magnetic element of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of the appearance and constituent elements of the magnetic element of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of the appearance and constituent elements of the magnetic element of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of the appearance and constituent elements of the magnetic element of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram of the appearance and constituent elements of the magnetic element of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram of the appearance and constituent elements of the magnetic element of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram of a switching power supply and a voltage waveform and current waveform diagram of each element.

FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram of constituent elements of the magnetic element of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is an explanatory diagram of the appearance and constituent elements of the magnetic element of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is an external view of a magnetic element of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d planar hard magnetic material Residual magnetization direction of biplane hard magnetic material (magnetization direction) 3,3a, 3b, 3c, 3d planar soft magnetic material 4, 5 conductor (coil) 4a, 4b Input / output terminals of magnetic element 6 Direction of magnetization of planar soft magnetic material by conductor current 7 Direction of current (average current) flowing through the conductor 10 Magnetic element (inductor) 11 Control IC for switching power supply 12 switching semiconductors 13 diode 14 Capacitor 20 identification mark

Claims (18)

[Claims] 1. A core for a magnetic element comprising a planar hard magnetic body having a residual magnetization in one direction in a plane and a planar soft magnetic body disposed on one side of the planar hard magnetic body. 2. Two planar hard magnetic bodies having remanent magnetization in one in-plane direction are arranged on both sides of the planar soft magnetic body, and the remanent magnetization directions of the two planar hard magnetic bodies are aligned. A magnetic element core characterized by the following. 3. A core for a magnetic element comprising a planar hard magnetic material having remanent magnetization in one direction within the surface and two planar soft magnetic materials disposed on both surfaces of the planar hard magnetic material. . 4. The magnetic element core according to claim 1, wherein −0.22 ≦ d / Ls ≦ 0.06. Here, Ls is the length of the soft magnetic material in the remanent magnetization direction of the hard magnetic material, and d is the position of the end portion of the hard magnetic material when the position of the end portion of the soft magnetic material is the origin. 5. The core for a magnetic element according to claim 1, wherein the planar hard magnetic material, the planar soft magnetic material, or both are divided in a plane. 6. A planar hard magnetic material divided in-plane in a direction perpendicular to the remanent magnetization direction, wherein 0 ≦ l
The magnetic element core according to claim 5, wherein g / lm ≦ 1. However, lm is the length in the remanent magnetization direction of the hard magnetic material, and lg is the length in the remanent magnetization direction between adjacent hard magnetic materials. 7. The core for a magnetic element according to claim 1, wherein 0.83 · Br · Vm ≦ Bs · Vs is satisfied. Here, Br is the residual magnetic flux density of the planar hard magnetic material, Vm is the volume of the hard magnetic material, Bs is the saturation magnetic flux density of the soft magnetic material, and Vs is the volume of the soft magnetic material. 8. A magnetic element, characterized in that one or more of the magnetic element cores according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are combined so that the remanent magnetization directions of the hard magnetic materials are aligned. For core. 9. The flat coil according to claim 1, wherein the flat coil is provided on both sides or one side.
9. A magnetic element in which one or two or more magnetic element cores among the magnetic element cores according to any one of 1 to 8 are arranged, and a residual magnetization direction of a hard magnetic material of the magnetic element core A magnetic element, which is arranged so that the direction in which a soft magnetic material is magnetized by a coil is the same. 10. The magnetic element according to claim 9, wherein the magnetic element core is arranged on one surface of the planar coil, and a soft magnetic material is arranged on the other surface of the coil. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solenoid type coil is provided inside.
9. A magnetic element in which one or two or more magnetic element cores among the magnetic element cores according to any one of 1 to 8 are arranged, and a residual magnetization direction of a hard magnetic material of the magnetic element core A magnetic element, which is arranged so that the direction in which the soft magnetic material is magnetized by the coil is the same. 12. The wire conductor according to claim 1, wherein the wire conductor is provided on both sides or one side.
9. A magnetic element in which one or two or more magnetic element cores among the magnetic element cores according to any one of 1 to 8 are arranged, and a residual magnetization direction of a hard magnetic material of the magnetic element core A magnetic element, which is arranged such that a soft magnetic material is magnetized by a linear conductor in the same direction. 13. The magnetic element according to claim 12, wherein the magnetic element core is arranged on one surface of the linear conductor, and a soft magnetic material is arranged on the other surface of the linear conductor. element. 14. A planar hard magnetic body magnetized in the in-plane direction,
A magnetic element characterized by being arranged in a direction normal to a surface of a magnetic element composed of a soft magnetic material and a conductor. 15. The magnetic element according to claim 9, wherein the input / output terminals can be identified. 16. The magnetic element according to claim 9, wherein the hard magnetic material in the magnetic element core is magnetized or strengthened by passing a current through the coil. Manufacturing method. 17. A planar hard magnetic body magnetized in the in-plane direction,
A method of manufacturing a magnetic element, comprising arranging the magnetic element composed of a soft magnetic material and a conductor in a direction normal to a surface of the magnetic element. 18. A switching power supply using the magnetic element according to claim 9. Description: