JP2003172391A - Air spring device for rolling stock and producing method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve durability in particular with respect to the usage under high displacement and high load by reducing partial wear loss and damage and by restraining internal heat generation, which are accompanied by sliding action, while restraining increase of a cost for facility and production to a minimum. <P>SOLUTION: An outer surface rubber 10B of an elastic rubber film 10 part existing near an annular rising part 13 on a small diameter side of a bellow shaped air spring body 15 and sliding with respect to a ring shaped fastening metal fitting 17 during traveling on a curve is removed, and an elastic rubber 1 having high hardness prepared by mixing aramid fiber is vulcanized and bonded in a removed part 2 so that a part on an inner peripheral side thereof comes into a reinforced fiber 20 of the elastic rubber film 10. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air spring device for a railway vehicle, which is mainly used by being mounted on a bolsterless truck. Specifically, it not only absorbs vertical (vertical) and horizontal displacements that occur when the vehicle is traveling, but also between the bogie that follows the curved portion of the rail when traveling on a curved road and the vehicle body upper structure arranged above it. Air spring device for a railroad vehicle constituted by interposing a bellows type air spring main body having a function of absorbing a twist caused by a turning action between a bogie side of a railroad vehicle and a vehicle body upper structure side, and a manufacturing method thereof It is about.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, as shown in FIG. 7, an air spring device for a railroad vehicle of this type has a bellows elastic rubber film 10 formed by interposing a reinforcing fiber 20 between an inner rubber and an outer rubber. A bellows type that is wound into a shape and has annular ridges 13 and 14 in which bead rings 11 and 12 are embedded in a state in which the small diameter side end and the large diameter side end are respectively wrapped with the reinforcing fibers 20. The air spring main body 15 is used, and the small-diameter annular raised portion 13 of the bellows type air spring main body 15 is elastically attached to the ring-shaped stopper 17 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the upper end of the cylindrical support 21 fixed on the carriage 16. The annular ridge portion 14 on the large diameter side is fixedly held in close contact with the ring-shaped stopper 19 fixed to the vehicle body upper structure 18 side in an elastic close contact state so that vertical and water generated when the vehicle travels. And it is configured so as to absorb the direction of displacement and the torsional by the elastic deformation action of the bellows type air spring body 15.

By the way, in a general railcar air spring device having the above-mentioned structure and displacement absorbing function, the twist applied to the air spring main body 15 when the vehicle travels in a curved line reaches 120 to 150 mm, and the twist thereof. As a result, a relative sliding action occurs between the elastic rubber film 10 portions near the annular ridges 13 and 14 on both ends of the air spring body 15 and the ring-shaped stoppers 17 and 19 corresponding to them. This sliding action is more severe on the smaller diameter side,
Due to such a vigorous sliding action, a portion of the elastic rubber film 10 forming the air spring body 15 near the small-diameter annular ridge 13 is worn away at an early stage, and further, the abrasion wear of the elastic rubber film 10 progresses. Due to this, even the reinforcing fibers 20 embedded in the thickness of the elastic rubber film 10 to reinforce the elastic rubber film 10 are damaged or fractured, and the air spring main body 15 is prematurely damaged due to such local abrasion and damage. There is a problem in terms of durability such as becoming unusable.
In particular, in recent years, in the air spring device for railway vehicles, which has been advanced in speed and load (increased internal pressure), durability deterioration due to premature wear and damage due to the sliding action as described above is not caused. It is serious and its measures are indispensable.

As a countermeasure for improving the durability as described above, conventionally, in order to avoid a concentrated load being applied to a portion of the air spring main body near the ring-shaped stopper, the stopper itself is enlarged or the sliding portion is The sliding action is smoothed, the stopper and the elastic rubber part are directly vulcanized and bonded so that the sliding action does not occur, and the bellows type air spring itself is enlarged to reduce the sliding load. Various measures such as reduction have been taken.

[0005]

However, in any of the above-mentioned conventional measures for improvement, the manufacturing process of the product (air spring device) itself becomes very complicated, and the cost increase of the entire device cannot be avoided. Not only that, but also on the side of the railcar on which this air spring device is mounted and used, it is necessary to modify it, and the railcar itself is structurally complicated and tends to increase in size. In particular, in the case of a means for vulcanizing and adhering the stopper and the elastic rubber portion so that the sliding action itself does not occur, the sliding load caused by the twist is concentrated on any part of the air spring body. Therefore, peeling or breakage easily occurs in other portions of the elastic rubber and the reinforcing fibers that form the air spring body.

Further, in the case of the above improvement measures, it is possible to improve the durability beyond a certain level when used under normal level displacement, speed and load, but when the internal pressure is very high, Elasticity due to sliding action when used under harsh conditions where displacement, speed, and load that exceed normal levels are applied, such as when traveling on a curve at a high speed or when traveling on a long continuous curve. In addition to abrasion and wear of rubber, there is a lot of heat generated from the inside of the membrane structure including the reinforcing fibers, and the heat generated causes the elastic rubber membrane to be fatigued and damaged, and sufficient durability cannot be improved. It was

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and does not require a major modification of the structure that has been conventionally used, while minimizing the increase in cost in terms of equipment and manufacturing. The air for railway vehicles can remarkably improve durability even when used under high displacement and high load by reducing local wear and tear and damage due to sliding action and suppressing internal heat generation. An object of the present invention is to provide a spring device and a manufacturing method thereof.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, an air spring device for a railway vehicle according to claim 1 of the present invention is an elastic rubber in which a reinforcing fiber is interposed between an inner rubber and an outer rubber. The membrane is wound in a bellows shape, and the small-diameter side end portion and the large-diameter side end portion each have an annular ridge portion in which a bead ring is embedded. By fixing and holding the large-diameter ring-shaped ridges to the small-diameter and large-diameter ring-shaped stoppers fixed to the bogie side of the railroad car and the upper superstructure side of the bogie, which are fixed to the bogie side of the railcar, respectively, in an elastic contact state, In an air spring device for a railway vehicle in which an air spring main body is interposed between a bogie and a vehicle body upper structure, at least near an annular ridge on the small diameter side of an elastic rubber film forming the bellows type air spring main body. Where the outer rubber of the elastic rubber film that slides against the small-diameter ring-shaped stopper is cut away, the hardness is higher than the outer rubber and inner rubber of the elastic rubber film, and in the unvulcanized state. A high-hardness reinforcing rubber having a larger wall thickness than the removed outer surface rubber is vulcanized and bonded so that a part of the inner surface side thereof is inserted between the reinforcing fibers forming the elastic rubber film. Is.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in a method for manufacturing an air spring device for a railway vehicle, an elastic rubber film having reinforcing fibers interposed between an inner rubber and an outer rubber is wound into a bellows shape, Moreover, the small-diameter side annular ridge portion and the large-diameter side annular ridge portion of the bellows type air spring main body in which the small-diameter side end portion and the large-diameter side end portion are respectively formed with annular ridge portions in which bead rings are embedded By fixing and holding the air spring main body to the bogie and the upper body structure of the vehicle by elastically tightly holding the small-diameter and the large-diameter ring-shaped metal fittings fixed to the bogie side of the vehicle and the upper-body side of the vehicle arranged on the upper side of the bogie, respectively. A method for manufacturing an air spring device for a railway vehicle, which is interposed between a small diameter ring and at least a portion of an elastic rubber film constituting the bellows type air spring main body, which is close to the annular ridge on the small diameter side. The outer surface rubber of the elastic rubber film portion that slides with respect to the stopper is cut away, and a high hardness reinforcing rubber having a hardness higher than the outer surface rubber and the inner surface rubber of the elastic rubber film is not vulcanized at the cutout portion, Moreover, when the unvulcanized high-hardness reinforcing rubber is heated and vulcanized after being attached in a state where the thickness is larger than that of the removed outer surface rubber, the inner surface rubber corresponding to the attachment location of the high-hardness reinforcing rubber is A part of the inner surface of the high hardness reinforced rubber is vulcanized so as to enter between the reinforcing fibers that make up the elastic rubber film by discharging and flowing outward through a split surface provided in the mold or a vent hole. It is characterized by bonding.

According to the present invention having the above-described characteristic structure, the elastic rubber film constituting the bellows type air spring body is slid against the small-diameter ring-shaped stopper at least at a position near the annular ridge on the small-diameter side. A ring-shaped stop is made by only partially improving the existing air spring body, such as removing the outer surface rubber of the moving elastic rubber film part and vulcanizing and adhering the high hardness reinforcing rubber to the removed part. The metal fittings, air spring body, etc. do not require major modification or new construction of the air spring body manufacturing equipment by using the existing ones that have been used in terms of shape and structure as they are. It is not necessary to modify the vehicle side at all, the cost increase in terms of manufacturing and equipment can be minimized, and the entire apparatus including the air spring body can be downsized.

In addition, by replacing the outer surface rubber of the elastic rubber film portion, which is most easily worn and worn by the sliding action, with a high hardness reinforcing rubber, local abrasion and wear caused by the sliding action can be reduced. When the internal pressure of the high-hardness reinforcing rubber is very high and the internal pressure of the high-hardness reinforcing rubber is inserted between the reinforcing fibers of the elastic rubber film when the high-hardness reinforcing rubber is vulcanized and adhered, Rubbing between reinforcing fibers even when used under severe conditions where unexpected displacements, speeds, and loads that exceed normal levels are applied, such as when the vehicle is moving at a high speed or running on a long continuous curve. Due to the synergistic effect of suppressing heat generation from inside the membrane structure due to such factors as suppressing fatigue of the elastic rubber film due to heat generation, the effect of preventing damage to the elastic rubber film is enhanced, and the air spring body and the entire air spring device It is possible to improve the durability of the significant increase of the.

[0012] As the high hardness reinforcing rubber in the air spring device for a railway vehicle and the method for manufacturing the same of the present invention having the above-mentioned characteristic constitution, short fibers are blended as described in claims 2 and 6. It is desirable to use rubber, and particularly, as described in claims 3 and 7, by using rubber containing aramid short fibers whose physical properties change little even at high temperature, sliding due to heat generated by sliding action Even if the temperature of the portion rises, it is possible to secure the reinforcing performance of the high hardness reinforcing rubber and achieve the predetermined durability enhancement effect.

Further, as the high hardness reinforcing rubber, as described in claims 4 and 8, by using a material having a hardness difference of 15 degrees or more higher than the outer surface rubber and the inner surface rubber of the elastic rubber film, While the rubbing load of the high hardness reinforced rubber part that is rubbed against the ring-shaped metal stopper due to the sliding action is widely dispersed, the original function of the reinforced rubber, which is to reduce wear and wear of the sliding part, is ensured, and It is possible to prevent the displacement absorption characteristic of the air spring main body from being hindered due to the rapid increase in the rigidity of the sliding portion.

Incidentally, when the soft reinforcing rubber having a hardness difference of less than 15 degrees with respect to the hardness of the inner and outer surface rubbers of the elastic rubber film constituting the air spring body is used as the high hardness reinforcing rubber, as described above. However, it is impossible to sufficiently secure the original function of the reinforcing rubber, that is, the wear of the sliding portion is reduced.

[0015]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a semi-longitudinal sectional structure of an air spring device for a railway vehicle according to the present invention. Since the basic configuration of the railcar air spring device A shown in the figure is the same as the configuration of the general air spring device shown in FIG. 7, the same reference numerals are given to corresponding components and parts. The detailed description thereof will be omitted, and a detailed description will be given with a focus on components different from those shown in FIG. 7.

As clearly shown in FIG. 2, in the elastic rubber film 10 constituting the bellows type air spring main body 15, an arrow x-y generated when the railroad vehicle travels in a curve near a small diameter side annular ridge 13. The reinforcing fiber 20 enclosing the bead rings 11 and 12 is embedded between the outer surface of the elastic rubber film 10 that slides against the small-diameter ring-shaped stopper 17 by twisting in the direction, specifically, between the inner surface rubber 10A and the outer surface rubber 10B. The entire circumference of the outer surface rubber portion 10B of the elastic rubber film 10 is cut off over a length range L of about 40 mm.

As shown in FIG. 3, a high-hardness reinforcing rubber 1 in which natural rubber is mixed with aramid short fibers is in an unvulcanized state and shown in a phantom line in the cutout portion 2 of the outer rubber 10B. After being attached over the entire circumference in a state where the thickness is larger than that of the removed outer rubber 10B portion, the unvulcanized high-hardness reinforcing rubber 1 is heated and vulcanized, so that the outer surface is a non-excluded surface. The high hardness reinforcing rubber 1 is bonded and integrated with the elastic rubber film 10 in a state of being flush with the outer surface of the rubber 10B portion.

The high hardness reinforcing rubber 1 is made of an elastic rubber film 10.
Thickness t1 of a portion corresponding to the cutout portion 2 of the outer surface rubber 10B of
Has a substantially constant thickness of about 3.5 mm, and has a thickness that gradually becomes thinner as it goes away from the cutout portion 2 and the thickness of the interface portion of the elastic rubber film 10 with the outer surface rubber 10B becomes the thinnest. The hardness (JIS A) of the high hardness reinforced rubber 1 is formed in a shape, and the hardness of the elastic rubber film 10 constituting the air spring body 15 and the hardness of the outer rubber 10A, 10B (usually 42 to 60 degrees). Has a hardness difference of 15 degrees or more, and itself is set to a hardness of less than 80 degrees.

When the unvulcanized high-hardness reinforcing rubber 1 attached to the entire circumference of the cutout portion 2 is vulcanized and bonded, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, the mold 3 installed and used at the position corresponding to the back surface of the bead ring 11 indicated by H is
A circumferential split surface 3a and a radial split surface 3b are formed, and a part of the inner surface rubber 10A of the elastic rubber film 10 is outwardly passed through the split surfaces 3a, 3b of the mold 3 during heat vulcanization. By discharging and flowing, as shown in FIG. 5, the high hardness reinforcing rubber 1 has a structure in which a part 1a on the inner surface side of the high hardness reinforcing rubber 1 is inserted between the reinforcing fibers 20 forming the elastic rubber film 10. The elastic rubber film 10 is vulcanized and adhered.

In the air spring device A for a railroad vehicle constructed as described above, a small diameter ring-shaped metal stopper is formed at a portion of the bellows type air spring main body 15 near the small diameter side annular ridge portion 13 due to a twist generated when the vehicle travels in a curve. The outer surface rubber 10B of the elastic rubber film 10 portion that slides with respect to 17 is cut away, and the high hardness reinforcing rubber 1 is vulcanized and adhered to the cutout portion 2. The ring-shaped stopper 17 and the air spring body 1
Since 5 and the like use existing ones that have been used conventionally in terms of shape and structure as they are, not only does not require major modification or new work of the manufacturing facility of the air spring main body 15 but also railcars. It is not necessary to modify the side, the cost increase in terms of manufacturing and equipment can be minimized, and the size of the entire apparatus A including the air spring body 15 can be reduced.

In addition, the outer rubber 10B of the elastic rubber film 10 which is most easily worn away due to the sliding action is replaced with the high hardness reinforcing rubber 1 having a hardness higher than that, so that the sliding action is accompanied. The wear and wear of the portion that is most likely to be worn and worn is reduced, and due to the vulcanization adhesion of the high hardness reinforcing rubber 1, a part 1a on the inner surface side of the high hardness reinforcing rubber 1 is reinforced fiber 20 of the elastic rubber film 10. Due to the interstitial structure, unexpectedly exceeding the normal level such as when the internal pressure is very high, the speed when traveling on a curve is fast, or when traveling on a long continuous curve Even when used under severe conditions such as displacement, speed, and load, the elastic rubber film 10 is suppressed from generating heat due to rubbing between the reinforcing fibers 20 and the like, and the elastic rubber film 10 is accompanied by the heat generation.
The synergistic effect of suppressing fatigue of the elastic rubber film 10
It is possible to improve the damage prevention effect of the air spring main body 15 and further to significantly improve the durability of the air spring device A as a whole.

By the way, the inventors of the present invention conducted repeated tests on durability under the following specifications and conditions. (1) Specifications of test piece Bellows type air spring body 1 having a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG.
5 is used. This air spring body 15 has a center length L: 70.
0 mm, inner diameter D: 575 mm, elastic rubber film diameter d: 250
mm, height H: 300 mm, inner rubber 1 in FIG.
The 0A and the outer rubber 10B are natural rubber having a hardness of 45 degrees and a thickness of 2.5 mm, and the reinforcing fiber 20 is a nylon ply cord having two plies (one ply has a thickness of 1.0 mm by friction topping the rubber). The one having the above specifications is a conventional specimen (conventional product), and the product of the present invention is
As shown in FIG. 3, the outer rubber 10B of the elastic rubber film 10 is also used.
A non-vulcanized part having a wall thickness t1 of about 3.5 mm, which is made by mixing aramid fiber with natural rubber on the entire circumference of the cutout portion 2 in which the entire circumference of the portion is cut off over a length range L of about 40 mm. After the high-hardness reinforcing rubber 1 is pasted, it is heated and vulcanized, and as shown in FIG. 5, a part of the high-hardening reinforcing rubber 1 is inserted between the reinforcing fibers 20. (2) Test conditions Internal pressures of 0.3 MPa, 0.6 MPa, 0.9 MPa, and 1.2 MPa are enclosed in each of the air spring bodies 15 of the conventional product and the product of the present invention described above and set to a predetermined height. With a twist (displacement) amount of 120 mm, a twist (displacement) speed of 50 m
m / sec. And 70 mm / sec. The twisting test was repeated by changing it in two stages, and the number of times leading to damage was measured. (3) Test results The results shown in Table 1 were obtained. As is clear from Table 1, in comparison with the conventional product, the number of damages to the product of the present invention is at least three times or more, and many of them are six times or more, with respect to repeated twisting under the same conditions. The durability is markedly improved. In particular, when the internal pressure is high or the displacement speed is high, a remarkable difference is observed, and it has been found that the effect of improving the durability against the use under severe conditions is increased.

[0023]

[Table 1]

In the above embodiment, the mold 3 has the circumferential split surface 3a and the radial split surface 3b. However, the inner surface rubber 1 is vulcanized by forming a vent hole.
A part of 0A may be discharged and flowed to the outside.

[0025]

As described above, according to the present invention, the outer surface rubber of the elastic rubber film portion which slides against the small-diameter ring-shaped stopper at a position near the annular ridge on the small-diameter side of the bellows type air spring body. Is replaced by a high hardness reinforced rubber with a higher hardness than that, and only vulcanization and adhesion are partially improved, and the ring-shaped stopper and the air spring body, etc. have the existing shape and structure. There is no need to make major modifications or new works to the manufacturing equipment of the air spring body, etc., and to remodel the railway car side at all, and to minimize the cost increase in manufacturing and equipment, and Although it is possible to reduce the size of the entire device including the spring body,
It is possible to reduce early wear and wear of the parts that are most likely to wear and wear due to sliding action, and to suppress heat generation due to rubbing between reinforcing fibers even when used under severe conditions above the normal level, and elastic rubber accompanying heat generation. Due to the synergistic effect of suppressing the fatigue of the film and the resulting damage, the durability of the air spring main body as a whole can be significantly improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a semi-longitudinal sectional view of an air spring device for a railway vehicle according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a main part showing one of the manufacturing steps of the above air spring device.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a main part showing a state after manufacturing the same air spring device.

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a mold structure used to manufacture the above air spring device.

5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view for explaining the basic specifications of a test piece (conventional product) used in a durability test.

FIG. 7 is a semi-longitudinal sectional view of a conventional air spring device for a railway vehicle.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 High hardness reinforced rubber 2 missing parts 3 mold 3a, 3b split surface 10 Elastic rubber film 11,12 beat ring 13,14 Annular ridge 15 Bellows type air spring body 16 dolly 17,19 Ring-shaped stopper 18 Upper body structure

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Shizuo Yokobori             1-17-18 Edobori, Nishi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture             Toyo Tire & Rubber Co., Ltd. F term (reference) 3J045 AA03 AA04 AA05 AA14 BA01                       BA02 BA03 CB10 CB11 CB12                       CB15 EA10                 3J069 AA24 CC40 DD39

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An elastic rubber film having reinforcing fibers interposed between an inner rubber and an outer rubber is wound into a bellows shape, and a bead ring is embedded in each of the small diameter side end and the large diameter side end. The small-diameter-side annular ridge and the large-diameter-side annular ridge in the bellows-type air spring main body formed with the annular ridges are fixed to the car body upper structure side of the trolley side of the railway vehicle and the upper side of the trolley. In an air spring device for a railway vehicle in which an air spring main body is interposed between a bogie and an upper structure of a vehicle body by elastically tightly holding the small-diameter and large-diameter ring-shaped stoppers respectively, the bellows type Of the elastic rubber film that makes up the air spring body, the elastic rubber film that slides against the small-diameter ring-shaped metal fittings at least near the small-diameter annular ridge has the outer rubber part removed, A high hardness reinforced rubber that has a hardness higher than the outer and inner rubbers of the rubber film and is thicker than the outer rubber that has been cut off in the unvulcanized state constitutes a part of the inner surface of the elastic rubber film. An air spring device for railway vehicles, characterized in that it is vulcanized and bonded so as to be inserted between the reinforcing fibers. 2. The air spring device for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the high hardness reinforcing rubber is a rubber mixed with short fibers. 3. The air spring device for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the high hardness reinforcing rubber is a rubber containing aramid short fibers. 4. The air for railway vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the high hardness reinforcing rubber has a hardness difference of 15 degrees or more higher than that of the outer surface rubber and the inner surface rubber of the elastic rubber film. Spring device. 5. An elastic rubber film having reinforcing fibers interposed between an inner rubber and an outer rubber is wound into a bellows shape, and a bead ring is embedded in each of the small diameter side end and the large diameter side end. The small-diameter-side annular ridge and the large-diameter-side annular ridge in the bellows-type air spring main body formed with the annular ridges are fixed to the car body upper structure side of the trolley side of the railway vehicle and the upper side of the trolley. It is a method of manufacturing an air spring device for a railway vehicle in which the air spring body is interposed between the bogie and the upper body structure of the vehicle by fixing and holding the small diameter and large diameter ring-shaped stoppers elastically and tightly. Out of the elastic rubber film forming the bellows type air spring body, the outer surface rubber of the elastic rubber film portion that slides against the small-diameter ring-shaped stopper is cut at least at a position near the annular ridge on the small-diameter side. , So After attaching a high hardness reinforcing rubber having a hardness higher than that of the outer and inner rubbers of the elastic rubber film to the notched portion in a non-vulcanized state and having a larger thickness than the notched outer rubber, When heating and vulcanizing unvulcanized high-hardness reinforcing rubber, discharge and flow part of the inner rubber corresponding to the location where this high-hardening reinforcing rubber is attached to the outside through the split surface or vent hole provided in the mold. A method for manufacturing an air spring device for a railway vehicle, characterized in that a part of the inner surface side of the high hardness reinforcing rubber is vulcanized and bonded so as to be inserted between the reinforcing fibers forming the elastic rubber film. 6. The method of manufacturing an air spring device for a railway vehicle according to claim 5, wherein rubber containing short fibers is used as the high hardness reinforcing rubber. 7. The method for manufacturing an air spring device for a rail vehicle according to claim 5, wherein a rubber containing short aramid fibers is used as the high hardness reinforcing rubber. 8. The railway vehicle according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the high hardness reinforcing rubber has a hardness difference of 15 degrees or more higher than that of an outer rubber and an inner rubber of an elastic rubber film. Air spring device manufacturing method.