JP2003172075A - Self-cleaning outer wall structure - Google Patents
Self-cleaning outer wall structureInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003172075A JP2003172075A JP2001372198A JP2001372198A JP2003172075A JP 2003172075 A JP2003172075 A JP 2003172075A JP 2001372198 A JP2001372198 A JP 2001372198A JP 2001372198 A JP2001372198 A JP 2001372198A JP 2003172075 A JP2003172075 A JP 2003172075A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- glass window
- wall structure
- wall
- self
- thin film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000003729 Neprilysin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000028 Neprilysin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、セルフクリーン効
果を発揮するビルなどの外壁構造に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an outer wall structure such as a building that exhibits a self-cleaning effect.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】ビルなどの外壁構造は一般に外壁面から
所定寸法だけ後退した位置にガラス窓が開閉可能若しく
は嵌め殺し状態で取付けられている。また場合によって
は特開平５−２０２５９１号公報に開示されるように、
ガラス窓の上方に庇を設け、雨水や直射日光がガラス窓
に当たらない構造にしたものもある。2. Description of the Related Art In general, an outer wall structure of a building or the like is attached to a position retracted from an outer wall surface by a predetermined dimension in such a manner that a glass window can be opened / closed or fitted and killed. In some cases, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-202591,
Some eaves have a structure above the glass window so that rainwater or direct sunlight does not hit the glass window.
【０００３】一方、チタニア等の光触媒の薄膜を窓ガラ
スの表面に形成することで、ガラス窓の表面に付着した
汚れ（有機物）を光触媒作用で分解し、この分解した汚
れを降雨の際に流し落とすようにしたセルフクリーンタ
イプの外壁構造が知られている。On the other hand, by forming a thin film of a photocatalyst such as titania on the surface of the window glass, dirt (organic matter) adhering to the surface of the glass window is decomposed by a photocatalytic action, and the decomposed dirt is washed away during rainfall. A self-clean type outer wall structure that is designed to be dropped is known.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上述したセルフクリー
ンタイプの外壁構造の洗浄効果を高めるには、降雨がガ
ラス窓の全体に均等に当たらなければならない。しかし
ながら、従来の外壁構造のように、ガラス窓が外壁から
引っ込んでいたり庇があると、ガラス窓の上部に雨水が
かかりにくく、十分な洗浄効果が得られない。In order to enhance the cleaning effect of the above-mentioned self-clean type outer wall structure, it is necessary that the rain is evenly applied to the entire glass window. However, if the glass window is retracted from the outer wall or has an eaves like the conventional outer wall structure, rainwater is hard to splash on the upper part of the glass window, and a sufficient cleaning effect cannot be obtained.
【０００５】一方、外壁とガラス窓がほぼ面一となった
外壁構造もある。その場合には雨天の際にガラス窓に万
遍なく雨水が当たるが、壁面を流下してきた雨水もガラ
ス窓表面を流れる。この壁面を流下してきた雨水には壁
面に付着していた汚れが大量に含まれており、却ってガ
ラス窓の表面に汚れを堆積させてしまうことになる。On the other hand, there is also an outer wall structure in which the outer wall and the glass window are substantially flush with each other. In that case, the rainwater will hit the glass windows evenly in the case of rain, but the rainwater that has flowed down the wall also flows on the glass window surface. The rainwater flowing down the wall surface contains a large amount of dirt adhering to the wall surface, which in turn causes dirt to be deposited on the surface of the glass window.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するた
め、本発明に係るセルフクリーン外壁構造は、ガラス窓
の室外側表面に少なくとも光触媒材料を含有している薄
膜または親水性の薄膜が形成されたものとし、外壁には
降雨を集めて前記ガラス窓上辺部に均等に供給するため
の給水樋を設けた構成とした。少なくとも光触媒材料を
含有している薄膜または親水性の薄膜としては、チタニ
ア、シリカ、ジルコニア、セリアあるいは表面に細かな
凹凸が形成された薄膜などが挙げられる。In order to solve the above problems, in the self-clean outer wall structure according to the present invention, a thin film containing at least a photocatalytic material or a hydrophilic thin film is formed on the outdoor surface of the glass window. The outer wall is provided with a water supply gutter for collecting rainfall and supplying it evenly to the upper side of the glass window. Examples of the thin film containing at least a photocatalyst material or the hydrophilic thin film include titania, silica, zirconia, ceria, or a thin film having fine irregularities formed on its surface.
【０００７】前記給水樋の上面には所定間隔で溝部を形
成しガラス窓へ雨水を均等に供給する効果を高めること
ができる。また給水樋の代わりにガラス窓上辺部に水を
均等に供給するための散水装置を設けてもよい。Grooves may be formed at predetermined intervals on the upper surface of the water supply gutter to enhance the effect of evenly supplying rainwater to the glass window. Further, instead of the water supply gutter, a water sprinkling device for evenly supplying water to the upper edge of the glass window may be provided.
【０００８】更に、外壁には外壁表面またはガラス窓表
面を流下して汚れた雨水等がガラス窓表面に流れないよ
うにするための排水樋を設けることも可能であり、給水
樋の表面にも少なくとも光触媒材料を含有している薄膜
または親水性を呈する薄膜を形成することで、給水樋自
身のセルフクリーン効果および給水の均一化も発揮でき
る。Furthermore, it is possible to provide a drain gutter on the outer wall so as to prevent dirty rainwater or the like from flowing down the outer wall surface or the glass window surface to the glass window surface, and also on the surface of the water supply gutter. By forming a thin film containing at least a photocatalytic material or a thin film exhibiting hydrophilicity, the self-cleaning effect of the water supply gutter itself and uniformization of water supply can be exhibited.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明の実施の形態】以下に本発明の実施の形態を添付
図面に基づいて説明する。図１は本発明に係る外壁構造
の断面図、図２は図１のＡ方向矢視図、図３は図１の要
部拡大図、図４は図３のＢ−Ｂ線に沿った拡大断面図で
ある。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the outer wall structure according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged view taken along line BB of FIG. FIG.
【００１０】実施例はビルの外壁構造を示し、外壁１か
ら所定寸法引っ込んだ位置にサッシ２が設けられ、この
サッシ２にシーリング材若しくはグレージングチャネル
３を介してガラス窓４が嵌め込まれている。このガラス
窓４の室外側表面にはチタニアなどの光触媒のコーティ
ングが施されている。The embodiment shows an outer wall structure of a building, in which a sash 2 is provided at a position retracted from the outer wall 1 by a predetermined dimension, and a glass window 4 is fitted into the sash 2 via a sealing material or a glazing channel 3. A coating of a photocatalyst such as titania is provided on the outdoor surface of the glass window 4.
【００１１】ガラス窓４の上部近傍には給水樋５が設け
られている。この給水樋５はステンレスや樹脂或いはガ
ラスなどからなり、外壁１にステーなどを介して所定の
角度θ1、例えば水平面に対し１５〜８０°傾斜させて
取付けている。A water supply gutter 5 is provided near the upper part of the glass window 4. The water supply gutter 5 is made of stainless steel, resin, glass or the like, and is attached to the outer wall 1 via a stay or the like at a predetermined angle θ1, for example, 15 to 80 ° with respect to a horizontal plane.
【００１２】給水樋５の幅はガラス窓４と略同一にし、
雨水捕集幅Ｘ1は５０〜１００ｍｍ、ガラス窓４の室外
側表面との間隔Ｘ2は５〜１０ｍｍとする。また図４に
示すように、雨水を均一にガラス窓４表面に供給するた
めにアコーデオン状、波板状などの溝付き形状としても
よい。この場合、溝のピッチは５〜１０ｍｍ、深さは５
〜２０ｍｍとするのが適当である。The width of the water supply gutter 5 is substantially the same as that of the glass window 4,
The rainwater collection width X1 is 50 to 100 mm, and the distance X2 from the outdoor surface of the glass window 4 is 5 to 10 mm. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a grooved shape such as an accordion shape or a corrugated plate shape may be used in order to uniformly supply rainwater to the surface of the glass window 4. In this case, the groove pitch is 5 to 10 mm and the depth is 5
It is suitable to be set to 20 mm.
【００１３】給水樋５としては全体をアコーデオン状、
波板状にせずに、図５に示すように、上面のみに溝を形
成してもよい。また、給水樋５の表裏両面に光触媒コー
ティングを施しておくことが好ましい。The entire water supply gutter 5 is in an accordion shape,
Instead of forming the corrugated plate, grooves may be formed only on the upper surface as shown in FIG. Further, it is preferable to apply photocatalytic coating to both front and back surfaces of the water supply gutter 5.
【００１４】一方、外壁１の下辺部（ガラス窓４の上辺
部に相当する位置）には排水樋６を設け、外壁１の上辺
部（ガラス窓４の下辺部に相当する位置）には排水樋７
を設けている。排水樋６の材質は前記給水樋５と同様と
し、その幅Ｙ1は１０〜１００ｍｍとする。排水樋６は
外壁１を伝って流下し汚れている雨水がガラス窓４の表
面に流れないようにするためのものであり、排水樋７は
ガラス窓４の表面を伝って流下し汚れている雨水がそれ
よりも下のガラス窓４の表面に流れないようにするため
のものである。On the other hand, a drain gutter 6 is provided on the lower side of the outer wall 1 (a position corresponding to the upper side of the glass window 4), and drainage is provided on the upper side of the outer wall 1 (a position corresponding to the lower side of the glass window 4). Gutter 7
Is provided. The material of the drain gutter 6 is the same as that of the water supply gutter 5, and its width Y1 is 10 to 100 mm. The drainage gutter 6 is for flowing down the outer wall 1 to prevent dirty rainwater from flowing to the surface of the glass window 4, and the drainage gutter 7 is flowing down to the surface of the glass window 4 and is dirty. This is to prevent rainwater from flowing to the surface of the glass window 4 below it.
【００１５】これら排水樋６、７は図１に示すように上
方に向かって傾斜し、また図２に示すように、左右のガ
ラス窓の間に向かって傾斜し、左右のガラス窓の間に配
置された排水樋８に集合している。上方への傾斜角度θ
2は５〜４５°が適当であり、排水樋８に向かった傾斜
角度θ3は１〜１０°が適当である。These drain gutters 6 and 7 incline upward as shown in FIG. 1 and incline between the left and right glass windows as shown in FIG. They are gathered in the drain gutter 8 that is placed. Inclined angle θ
2 is preferably 5 to 45 °, and the inclination angle θ3 toward the drain gutter 8 is suitably 1 to 10 °.
【００１６】以上において、雨が降ると、給水樋５によ
って雨が集められて効率よくガラス窓４の上端縁に均等
に供給され、ガラス窓４の表面において光触媒の作用で
分解された汚れが雨水とともに洗い流される。In the above, when it rains, the water is collected by the water supply gutter 5 and efficiently supplied to the upper edge of the glass window 4 evenly, and the dirt decomposed by the action of the photocatalyst on the surface of the glass window 4 becomes rainwater. It is washed away with.
【００１７】図６は別実施例を示す図３と同様の図であ
り、この実施例にあっては前記給水樋５の代わりに散水
装置１０を設けている。散水装置１０を設けることで、
天候に左右されず定期的にガラス窓を自己洗浄せしめる
ことができる。用いる水としては水道水もしくは屋上等
に設置されたタンクからとする。前記供給する水に界面
活性剤を添加すると更に清浄化効果を高めることができ
る。界面活性剤としては陽イオン系であるとガラス表面
に付着して親水性を損なうおそれがあるため、陰イオン
系または非イオン系とし、濃度は０．０１〜１０質量％
好ましくは０．０５〜５質量％とする。FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 3 showing another embodiment. In this embodiment, a water sprinkler 10 is provided instead of the water supply gutter 5. By providing the sprinkler 10,
The glass windows can be self-cleaning regularly regardless of the weather. The water used should be tap water or a tank installed on the rooftop. If a surfactant is added to the water supplied, the cleaning effect can be further enhanced. If the surfactant is a cation type, it may adhere to the glass surface and impair the hydrophilicity. Therefore, the surfactant is an anionic type or nonionic type, and the concentration is 0.01 to 10% by mass.
Preferably it is 0.05-5 mass%.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】以上に説明したように本発明によれば、
給水樋若しくは散水装置によって光触媒薄膜または親水
性薄膜を表面に形成したガラス窓に、雨水などを均等に
供給するようにしたので、光触媒作用によって分解され
たガラス窓表面の汚れを効果的に洗い流すことができ
る。As described above, according to the present invention,
Rainwater is evenly supplied to the glass window on the surface of which the photocatalytic thin film or hydrophilic thin film is formed by a water gutter or sprinkler, so that the dirt on the glass window surface decomposed by the photocatalytic action can be effectively washed away. You can
【００１９】特に給水樋の場合には上面に所定間隔の溝
を形成することで、供給する雨水の量が偏ることがな
く、筋状の汚れが残るなどの不利がない。また、給水樋
とは別に、外壁表面またはガラス窓表面を流下して汚れ
た雨水等がガラス窓表面に流れないようにするための排
水樋を設けることで、また給水樋の表面にも光触媒の薄
膜を形成することでセルフクリーン効果は更に高まる。Particularly in the case of a water supply gutter, by forming grooves at predetermined intervals on the upper surface, the amount of rainwater to be supplied is not biased and there is no disadvantage such as streaky dirt remaining. In addition to the water supply gutter, a drainage gutter is provided to prevent the dirty rainwater flowing down the outer wall surface or the glass window surface from flowing onto the glass window surface. The self-cleaning effect is further enhanced by forming a thin film.
【図１】本発明に係る外壁構造の断面図FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an outer wall structure according to the present invention.
【図２】図１のＡ方向矢視図FIG. 2 is a view in the direction of arrow A in FIG.
【図３】図１の要部拡大図FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG.
【図４】図３のＢ−Ｂ線に沿った拡大断面図FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG.
【図５】給水樋の別実施例を示す図４と同様の図FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 showing another embodiment of the water supply gutter.
【図６】散水装置を備えた別実施例を示す図３と同様の
図
１…外壁、２…サッシ、３…シーリング材若しくはグレ
ージングチャネル、４…ガラス窓、５…給水樋、６、
７、８…排水樋、１０…散水装置。FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 3 showing another embodiment equipped with a sprinkler device: outer wall, 2 sash, 3 sealing material or glazing channel, 4 glass window, 5 water supply gutter, 6,
7, 8 ... Drainage gutter, 10 ... Sprinkler.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 田中 啓介 大阪府大阪市中央区北浜四丁目７番28号 日本板硝子株式会社内 (72)発明者 尾花 茂樹 大阪府大阪市中央区北浜四丁目７番28号 日本板硝子株式会社内 (72)発明者 山木 健之 大阪府門真市大字門真1048番地 松下電工 株式会社内 (72)発明者 辻本 光 大阪府門真市大字門真1048番地 松下電工 株式会社内 (72)発明者 高濱 孝一 大阪府門真市大字門真1048番地 松下電工 株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 3B116 AA31 AB53 BB21 BC01 4G069 AA03 BA04A BA04B BA14A BA14B BA48A CD10 ED02 ED04 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Keisuke Tanaka 7-28 Kitahama 4-28, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture Within Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shigeki Obana 7-28 Kitahama 4-28, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture Within Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Takeyuki Yamaki 1048, Kadoma, Kadoma-shi, Osaka Matsushita Electric Works Within the corporation (72) Inventor Hikaru Tsujimoto 1048, Kadoma, Kadoma-shi, Osaka Matsushita Electric Works Within the corporation (72) Inventor Koichi Takahama 1048, Kadoma, Kadoma-shi, Osaka Matsushita Electric Works Within the corporation F-term (reference) 3B116 AA31 AB53 BB21 BC01 4G069 AA03 BA04A BA04B BA14A BA14B BA48A CD10 ED02 ED04
Claims (5)
記ガラス窓の室外側表面には少なくとも光触媒材料を含
有している薄膜または親水性を呈する薄膜が形成され、
また前記外壁には降雨を集めて前記ガラス窓上辺部に均
等に供給するための給水樋が設けられていることを特徴
とするセルフクリーン外壁構造。1. An outer wall structure provided with a glass window, wherein a thin film containing at least a photocatalytic material or a thin film exhibiting hydrophilicity is formed on the outdoor surface of the glass window,
The self-clean outer wall structure is characterized in that the outer wall is provided with a water supply gutter for collecting rainfall and supplying the rain evenly to the upper side portion of the glass window.
造において、前記給水樋の上面はガラス窓へ雨水を均等
に供給するための溝部が形成されていることを特徴とす
るセルフクリーン外壁構造。2. The self-clean outer wall structure according to claim 1, wherein a groove portion for evenly supplying rainwater to the glass window is formed on an upper surface of the water supply gutter.
記ガラス窓の室外側表面には少なくとも光触媒材料を含
有している薄膜または親水性を呈する薄膜が形成され、
また前記外壁には前記ガラス窓上辺部に水を均等に供給
するための散水装置が設けられていることを特徴とする
セルフクリーン外壁構造。3. An outer wall structure provided with a glass window, wherein a thin film containing at least a photocatalytic material or a thin film exhibiting hydrophilicity is formed on the outdoor surface of the glass window,
Further, the outer wall is provided with a water sprinkling device for evenly supplying water to the upper side portion of the glass window.
リーン外壁構造において、前記外壁には外壁表面または
ガラス窓表面を流下して汚れた雨水等がガラス窓表面に
流れないようにするための排水樋が設けられていること
を特徴とするセルフクリーン外壁構造。4. The self-clean outer wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the outer wall or the glass window surface flows down to the outer wall so that dirty rainwater or the like does not flow to the glass window surface. A self-clean outer wall structure characterized by the provision of a drainage gutter.
リーン外壁構造において、前記給水樋の表面にも少なく
とも光触媒材料を含有している薄膜または親水性を呈す
る薄膜が形成されていることを特徴とするセルフクリー
ン外壁構造。5. The self-clean outer wall structure according to claim 1, wherein a thin film containing at least a photocatalytic material or a thin film exhibiting hydrophilicity is formed on the surface of the water supply gutter. Characteristic self-clean outer wall structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001372198A JP3813084B2 (en) | 2001-12-06 | 2001-12-06 | Self-clean outer wall structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001372198A JP3813084B2 (en) | 2001-12-06 | 2001-12-06 | Self-clean outer wall structure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003172075A true JP2003172075A (en) | 2003-06-20 |
| JP3813084B2 JP3813084B2 (en) | 2006-08-23 |
Family
ID=19181130
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001372198A Expired - Fee Related JP3813084B2 (en) | 2001-12-06 | 2001-12-06 | Self-clean outer wall structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3813084B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103382753A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-11-06 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Device for cleaning external wall of building by utilizing rain water |
| CN107413736A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-01 | 安庆师范大学 | A kind of device that glass outside building room is cleaned using rainwater |
| CN114892853A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-08-12 | 深圳粤源建设有限责任公司 | Unit type self-cleaning glass curtain wall |
-
2001
- 2001-12-06 JP JP2001372198A patent/JP3813084B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103382753A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-11-06 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Device for cleaning external wall of building by utilizing rain water |
| CN103382753B (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2015-06-10 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Device for cleaning external wall of building by utilizing rain water |
| CN107413736A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-01 | 安庆师范大学 | A kind of device that glass outside building room is cleaned using rainwater |
| CN114892853A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-08-12 | 深圳粤源建设有限责任公司 | Unit type self-cleaning glass curtain wall |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3813084B2 (en) | 2006-08-23 |
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