JP2003147119A - Method for disposing waste and apparatus for disposing waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for disposing waste permitting an easy and rapid biodegradation treatment of waste composed of a polymeric material. SOLUTION: The apparatus for disposing waste is provided with a treatment tank 2, for accommodating waste composed of the polymeric material and a microorganism, and an agitating means 7 installed in the treatment tank 2, and is designed to agitate the waste with the agitating means 7 to effect the biodegradation treatment of the waste by the microorganism, where a pretreatment means 29 is installed for melting the waste fed into the treatment tank 2.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste treatment method and a waste treatment apparatus in which a waste made of a polymer material is fermented and decomposed by microorganisms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, as a method for decomposing wastes made of polymer materials such as outer casings of home electric appliances and rubber gloves,
A method is known in which waste is fermented and decomposed by microorganisms.

[0003]

In the conventional waste treatment method of this type, the waste may not be easily decomposed or the decomposition time may be long.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to make it possible to easily and rapidly perform fermentation decomposition treatment on wastes made of polymer materials.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention of claim 1 is a waste treatment method in which a waste consisting of a polymer material is fermented and decomposed by microorganisms. It is characterized by softening or melting the waste before processing.

Further, the invention of claim 2 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 1, the waste is crushed before being softened or melted.

The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 1, the softened or melted waste is crushed before the fermentation decomposition treatment.

Further, the invention of claim 4 is provided with a treatment tank for accommodating wastes and microbes made of a polymer material, and a stirring means provided in the treatment tank, wherein the stirring means stirs the wastes. However, the waste treatment apparatus which ferment-decomposes the waste with microorganisms is characterized by including pretreatment means for softening or melting the waste supplied to the treatment tank.

Further, the invention of claim 5 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 4, crushing means for crushing the waste before it is softened or melted by the pretreatment means is provided.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth aspect of the present invention, a crushing unit for crushing the waste softened or melted by the pretreatment unit before being supplied into the treatment tank is provided. Is characterized by.

Further, the invention of claim 7 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 4, the stirring means is operated when the waste is supplied into the processing tank.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a waste treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention. This waste treatment device is used for decomposing a waste made of a polymer material.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a main body of an apparatus, and a processing tank 2 is formed on one side and a storage chamber 3 is formed on the other side below the inside thereof. The treatment tank 2 has a bottomed tubular shape with a substantially U-shaped bottom surface, a fungal bed 4 is placed on the bottom portion, and a hook-shaped exhaust hole 5 protruding upward is formed on one side of the upper portion. There is. Exhaust hole 5
A humidity sensor 6 for detecting the humidity of the waste in the processing tank 2 is provided inside.

A stirring means 7 is provided in the processing tank 2. The stirring means 7 has a shaft 8 extending substantially horizontally and a spiral stirring blade 9 fixed to the outer peripheral portion thereof. Both ends of the shaft 8 are rotatably supported by bearings 10 and 10 fixed to the inner surface of the processing tank 2, and one end of the shaft 8 projects into the storage chamber 3 and a motor is provided via a pulley 11, a belt 12 and a pulley 13. It is connected to 14. By driving the motor 14, the shaft 7 rotates around the axis.

An exhaust treatment tank 15 is sectioned and formed above the storage chamber 3, the treated water 16 for deodorization is accommodated therein, and the gas generated from the surface of the treated water 16 is discharged above. An exhaust fan 17 is installed. An exhaust duct 18 is provided in the storage chamber 3. The exhaust duct 18 is formed in a crank shape, has an upper end communicating with the exhaust hole 5, and an lower end provided with an opening 19 opening into the treated water 16. An exhaust fan 20 is provided inside the upper end of the exhaust duct 18.

The treated water 16 is charged with, for example, an effective microbial complex containing aerobic Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus spp.) As a main component and other bacteria blended for deodorization. The malodorous substances in the exhaust gas exhausted from the exhaust hole 5 include ammonia, methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, methyl monosulfide, trimethylamine, acetaldehyde, styrene,
Propionic acid, normal butyric acid, normal valeric acid, isovaleric acid, toluene, xylene, methyl isobutyl ketone,
Ethyl acetate, isobutanol, propionaldehyde,
There are isovaleraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, normal valeraldehyde, normal butyraldehyde, etc., and bacteria that decompose these are used.

Further, a heater 21 such as a sheath heater is embedded in the bottom wall of the processing tank 2, and the temperature inside the processing tank 2 is detected by a temperature sensor (not shown) such as a thermistor. Based on this, a control means (not shown) including a microcomputer controls the heater 21 so that the inside of the treatment tank 2 is set to a temperature at which microorganisms for treating waste easily grow. As such a microorganism, for example, an aerobic Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus, Sacillus spp.) Is mainly used and a fermentation bacterium or other bacterium is blended depending on the type of waste.

Reference numeral 22 denotes a crushing means, which is a rotary shaft 24 coaxially and rotatably arranged around an axis in a horizontally extending cylindrical crushing chamber 23 formed in a partition above the processing tank 2. A motor 25 for rotating the rotary shaft 24 and a large number of crushing blades 26, 2 fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the rotary shaft 24.
It consists of 6 ... The upper part of one end of the crushing chamber 23 communicates with a charging port 27 for charging the waste, and the bottom part of the other end of the crushing chamber 23 communicates with a supply port 28 for dropping the crushed waste into the processing tank 2. ing. The crushing blade 26 is formed so that when the rotating shaft 24 rotates in one direction, the waste that has been input from the input port 27 is pulverized into powder and sent toward the supply port 28.

Further, a heater 29 as a pretreatment means is provided so as to surround the axially intermediate portion of the crushing chamber 23. The heater 29 heats and melts the powdery waste sent by the crushing blade 26. This heater 2
The heating temperature of 9 varies depending on the material of the waste and the speed at which the crushing blade 26 sends the waste, but 90 to 180 ° C when the material of the waste is polystyrene, 138 to 230 ° C when the material of the waste is polystyrene, and ABS. In the case of polypropylene or polypropylene, the temperature is set to about 110 to 200 ° C., and the amount of heat required to melt the waste into a liquid while passing through the heater 29 is 2
/ 3 is given.

Next, the operation of this waste treatment device will be described. When the waste A is thrown into the charging port 27, the waste A falls into the crushing chamber 23, and the crushing blades 26, 26, which are rotating,
Is sent to the left in the figure and pulverized into powder. This pulverized product is heated by the heater 29 and melted. The molten pulverized product may become a dumpling-like lump,
Grinding blades 26, 26, between the heater 29 and the supply port 28,
・ ・ The powder is pulverized again by. Then, the pulverized product falls from the supply port 28 into the processing tank 2.

The pulverized material dropped into the processing tank 2 hits the rotating stirring blade 9 and is dispersed almost uniformly over the entire bottom surface of the processing tank 2. Therefore, the pulverized material does not locally exist in the processing tank 2. Then, the pulverized product is agitated by the agitating blade 9 and decomposed by the action of the fermenting bacteria in the bacterial bed 4 to become carbon dioxide and water.

By melting the waste A and lowering the molecular weight thereof, the decomposition treatment action by the fermenting bacteria is promoted, so that the waste A can be decomposed easily and quickly. Further, by crushing the waste before melting, the surface area of the waste at the time of melting increases, so that the molecular weight of the waste can be more uniformly reduced throughout the whole. Furthermore, since the waste material after being melted is crushed before the fermentation decomposition treatment, the surface area of the waste material at the time of the fermentation decomposition treatment is increased, so that the decomposition treatment action by the fermenting bacteria is further promoted.

The gas generated by the fermentation decomposition treatment rises in the treatment tank 2, flows into the exhaust duct 18 through the exhaust hole 5, and is ejected into the treated water 16 from the opening 19 at the tip thereof. Then, this gas is deodorized by the treated water 16, then flows into the exhaust treatment tank 15, and is exhausted to the outside by the exhaust fan 17.

In the above embodiment, the case where the waste is melted has been described as an example, but the same effect can be obtained even if the waste is softened.

Further, the pretreatment means for softening or melting the waste is not limited to the heater, but may be a solvent, a chemical, or any other material.

Besides, various modifications can be made to the above-described embodiment without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0027]

As described above, according to the present invention, by softening or melting the waste before the fermentation decomposition treatment, the waste has a low molecular weight and the fermentation decomposition treatment action by microorganisms is promoted. The waste can be decomposed easily and quickly.

According to the second and fifth aspects of the invention, the waste is crushed before being softened or melted,
Since the surface area of the waste when it is softened or melted is increased and the waste can be more uniformly made into a low molecular weight, the waste can be decomposed more easily and quickly.

Further, according to the inventions of claims 3 and 6, by crushing the softened or melted waste before the fermentation decomposition treatment, the surface area of the waste at the time of the fermentation decomposition treatment becomes large and the microorganism Since the fermentation decomposition treatment action is further promoted, the waste can be decomposed more easily and quickly.

Further, according to the invention of claim 7, since the stirring means is operated when the waste is supplied into the processing tank, the waste is locally distributed in the processing tank. Since the microorganisms act more uniformly throughout the waste, the waste can be decomposed more easily and quickly.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a waste treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 processing tanks 7 stirring means 23 Crushing means 29 Heater (pretreatment means) A waste

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    F-term (reference) 4F301 AA07 AA14 AA15 AA26 BF12                       BF25 CA09 CA32 CA36 CA38                       CA41 CA54 CA71 CA72                 4G078 AA04 AB05 BA01 DA14

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A waste treatment method in which a waste composed of a polymeric material is fermented and decomposed by microorganisms, wherein the waste is softened or melted before the fermentative decomposition treatment. . 2. The waste treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the waste is pulverized before being softened or melted. 3. The waste treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the softened or melted waste is pulverized before the fermentation decomposition treatment. 4. A treatment tank containing a waste material and a microorganism made of a polymer material, and a stirring means provided in the treatment tank, the waste material is stirred by the stirring means, and the waste material is collected by the microorganism. A waste treatment apparatus for performing fermentation decomposition treatment, comprising a pretreatment means for softening or melting the waste fed into the treatment tank. 5. The waste processing apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising crushing means for crushing the waste before being softened or melted by the pretreatment means. 6. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising crushing means for crushing the waste softened or melted by the pretreatment means before being supplied to the treatment tank. . 7. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the stirring means is operated when the waste is supplied into the treatment tank.