JP2003143905A - Automatic seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an automatic seeder capable of simultaneously carrying out seeding and sheet laying and cleanly perforating holes in a moving sheet corresponding to intrarow spacing of various species of field crops. SOLUTION: This automatic seeder comprises a seed detecting sensor apparatus 2 for detecting seeds 12 packaged in a seed tape 11 delivered from a seed tape roll 10, an encoder 3 for detecting the extent of delivery and delivery speed of the sheet 14 delivered from a mulch sheet roll 13, a perforating mechanism 4 for perforating the holes 140 in the sheet 14 and a controller 5 for controlling the operation of the perforating mechanism 4 based on a signal outputted from the sensor apparatus 2 and the encoder 3.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an automatic seeder capable of laying a weed suppressing sheet on the seedling at the same time when sowing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The content of sowing work for sowing seeds on farmland is as follows. In addition to making ridges in the field, work to put sheets (multi-sheets) on the ridges to eliminate weeds. Since the distance between seeds and the distance between seeds varies depending on the agricultural products to be cultivated, each farmer purchases a sheet with different intervals for germination holes for each agricultural product. The ridges are covered with a sheet, seeds are sown in the soil through the holes in the sheet, and then the soil is overlaid.

[0003]

However, such a sowing work is not only a heavy labor, but there is a disadvantage that it is necessary to purchase an expensive sheet having different hole intervals for different seeds between plants.

Therefore, the present invention provides an automatic seeding machine capable of performing sheet laying at the same time as sowing, and capable of making clear holes in a moving sheet in correspondence with the stocks of various agricultural crops. The purpose is to

[0005]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a detecting means for detecting seeds packaged in a seed tape, and a position at which the seeds are sown based on a detection signal of the detecting means. In a seeding machine equipped with a perforation mechanism for perforating a sheet to be fed out at substantially the same position, as the perforation mechanism, a rotary drum and a receiving roller having rotation axes arranged substantially in parallel are provided, and On the rotating drum,
At least one annular blade whose blade tips are aligned along the tangent of the circle of the rotation locus is attached, while the receiving roller is formed in a cylindrical shape so that the blade tips of the annular blade are in substantially point contact (claim 1). Invention described in).

According to the above invention, the cutting edge of the annular blade of the rotary drum comes into point contact with the cylindrical surface of the receiving roller. That is, the tangent line is formed by the annular blade on the cylindrical surface of the receiving roller. Therefore, the sheet is pushed and removed by the annular blade as the contact between the cylindrical surface of the receiving roller and the annular blade moves in accordance with the rotation of the rotary drum. Therefore, it is possible to make a clean hole in the moving sheet.

In the above invention, after the detection signal from the detecting means is input, a control device for controlling the timing of rotation of the rotary drum is provided in accordance with the amount of feeding of the sheet. 2). The position of the seed and the position of the hole in the sheet can be automatically matched.

Further, in the above invention, after the detection signal from the detecting means is inputted, a control device for controlling the rotation speed of the rotary drum in correspondence with the sheet feeding speed is provided. (Invention according to Item 3). The sheet can be perforated in a flexible manner to cope with the feeding speed of the sheet.

Further, in each of the above inventions, the blade tip is not provided at the starting end portion of the annular blade that first contacts the receiving roller (the invention according to claim 4). Therefore, the sheet of the hole portion can be left uncut in the sheet, and it is possible to save the trouble of picking up the cut products generated after the sheet is punched. Further, it is possible to eliminate the adverse effect on the soil caused by leaving the cut material of the sheet. Furthermore, since the cutting edge is not provided at the starting end of the annular blade that first contacts the receiving roller, the uncut sheet is
As the sheet is fed, it is folded under the sheet. Therefore, the uncut sheet does not prevent seed germination.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments corresponding to the above inventions will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the automatic seeder according to the first embodiment, FIGS. 2 and 3 are front views and central longitudinal sectional views of a sensor device constituting the automatic seeder, and FIGS. 4 and 5 are the same holes. A perspective view and a front view of the mechanism, and FIGS. 6A and 6B are a side view of the main part and a front view of the main part. In these figures and each figure described later, the same components are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicated description will be omitted.

The automatic seeder (hereinafter also referred to as this machine) 1
Is a seed tape 1 fed from the seed tape roll 10.
1. A seed detection sensor device 2 as a detection means for detecting the seeds 12 packaged in 1, a encoder 3 for detecting the delivery amount and delivery speed of the sheet 14 delivered from the multi-sheet roll 13, and a hole 140 in the sheet 14. A hole opening mechanism 4 for opening a hole and a controller 5 for controlling the operation of the hole mechanism 4 based on signals output from the sensor device 2 and the encoder 3. Reference numeral "6" in FIG. 1 is a power source for supplying electric power to the control device 5 and the like,
“7” is a motor that applies a rotational force to the rotary drum 40 of the hole opening mechanism, “15” is a grooved shovel, “16” is a seed tape outlet tube, and “17” is a guide for the sheet 14,
Moreover, the guide rod "18" for backfilling the soil is a wheel.
The automatic seeder configured as described above is pulled by a trailer or the like and travels in the direction of the arrow shown in the drawing, and while the seed tape 11 and the sheet 14 are fed out, a hole 140 is formed substantially directly above the seed 12 to be sown. The sheet 14 is perforated to be positioned.

The seed tape 11 is a known one, and is made of a material that is dissolved and dismantled in water and contains 3 to 12 seeds 12 for each strain.
Four pieces are packaged.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the sensor device 2 has a box 20 in which a feeding groove 21 for feeding the seed tape 11 is provided.
Is provided, and a light transmission type sensor 22 is attached in the middle of the feeding groove. The feeding groove 21 is rounded to the entrance and exit so that the seed tape 11 can be smoothly fed. In addition, the lid 23 of the box 20 has a seed tape 11 passing near the entrance of the feeding groove 21.
A pressing piece 24 for restricting the movement of the is provided.

The encoder 3 generates a predetermined number of pulses for each rotation, and generates a pulse corresponding to the moving amount (feeding amount) and moving speed (feeding speed) of the sheet 14.

The opening mechanism 4, as shown in FIG.
An annular blade 40 that is composed of a rotating drum 40 and a receiving roller 41, is attached to the rotating drum 40, and rotates.
By setting 0, a substantially round hole 140 can be formed in the sheet 14 that moves between the rotary drum 40 and the receiving roller 41 at a predetermined speed. The rotating drum 4
Reference numeral 0 includes a main body 402 having a substantially triangular prism shape attached to a rotary shaft 401 pivotally attached to the main body 1 side, and holder portions 404 formed on each side surface 403 of the main body 402. The holder portion 404 is for fixing the annular blade 400, is formed in a ring shape, and its upper surface 406 is substantially coincident with the tangent line 408 (see FIG. 5) of the rotation locus circle 407 drawn by the rotation of the drum 40. It is molded. Then, the annular blade 400 has an outer circumference or an inner circumference 4 of the holder portion 404.
It is attached to 05. Therefore, the blade edges of the annular blade 400 can be aligned and attached along the tangent line 408 of the locus circle 407. The upper surface 406 is formed to be wide or has a disk-shaped upper surface (filling the inner diameter of the holder 404), and one or more annular grooves are concentrically formed therein, and each annular groove is used for an annular blade. It may be an embedded groove.

As the annular blade 400, for example, an industrial band-shaped precision cutting blade is used. Then, the cutting blade is wound around the outer periphery of the holder portion 404 and attached, and the cutting edge is projected and fixed with a band. Inner circumference 40 of the holder portion 404
5 or by attaching the annular blade 400 to the annular groove,
The safety can be improved. As described above, the cutting edge of the fixed annular blade 400 is aligned along the tangent line 408 of the locus circle 407 of the rotary drum 40.
Since the diameter of the hole 140 varies depending on the kind of the cultivated product, the annular blades 400 having different diameters may be attached to the annular groove as needed. By the way, "radish" has a diameter of about 80 mm (between strains is about 20 cm or more), "carrot", "spinach".
A diameter of about 40 mm is suitable for the above.

The rotary drum 40 constructed as described above
Is rotated by the motor 7 or manually. Although not shown, the shaft 401 is provided with a limiter switch for controlling the rotation of the motor 7.

The receiving roller 41 is the annular blade 400.
It makes a point contact with and serves as a "receiver" when the sheet 14 is cut, and has a substantially cylindrical main body 411 attached to a rotary shaft 410 arranged substantially parallel to the shaft 401 of the drum 40.
And a displacement means 412 for displacing the main body 411.

The receiving roller 41 rotates freely, and when the sheet 14 is opened, the holder portion 4 is opened.
The rotational force of the rotary drum 40 is transmitted via 04, and rotates in synchronization with the rotation of the rotary drum 40. In addition,
The positions of the drum 40 and the receiving roller 41, that is, the rotary shafts 401 and 410 are preferably arranged along the vertical line. This is because the pressing force of the blade with respect to the sheet 14 passing between the drum 40 and the receiving roller 41 is made as uniform as possible in the first half and the second half of the sheet 14.

The displacing means 412 includes the receiving roller 4
1 allows flexible contact with the annular blade 400. That is, the annular blade 4
This is because when 00 rotates, the distance from the center of rotation (axis 401) to each blade edge portion is different. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the displacement means 412 are provided at the left and right ends of the rotary shaft 410, and one end of each displacement means 412 is the end of the rotary shaft 410. An arm 413 pivotally attached to the main body and the other end to the main body 1 side,
It is composed of a compression spring 414 that biases the arm 413.
A rod end bearing 413a serving as a bearing for the shaft 410 is mounted on the arm 413 pivotally mounted on the rotary shaft 410.
Is installed. Therefore, each displacement means 412 is
The rotation and the inclination of the rotary shaft 410 can be dealt with. Further, since the left and right rod end bearings 413a are independent, the displacement of the rotary shaft 410 can be dealt with for each arm on one side, which allows the receiving roller 41 to further flexibly contact the blade 400. (See FIG. 6B). Each compression spring 4
If the biasing force of 14 is too strong, the rotation of the receiving roller 41 is hindered, while if the biasing force of the spring 414 is too weak,
It is necessary to select a spring with an appropriate biasing force, because there is a possibility that an uncut portion will remain.

Although urethane is used as the material of the receiving roller 41, the material is not limited to this, and any material may be used as long as it has a function of "receiving" the annular blade 400.

The control device 5, as shown in FIG.
A detection signal is input each time the sensor device 2 detects the seed 12, the encoder 3 detects the presence or absence of movement of the sheet 14, the movement amount, etc., and the detection signal is always input, and the limit switch 40a is turned on. Signals are input and the motor 7 is controlled based on these signals. That is, the control device 5 stores various registers that store physical states such as ON / OFF of the various signals, a memory that stores a program created according to a program flow chart of FIG. 8 described later, and sequentially reads and executes this program. CP
U, various circuits for generating various signals are provided.

Next, an example of the operation of the machine 1 configured as described above will be described in detail with reference to the flow chart of FIG. 8, the timing chart of FIG. 9, and the explanatory diagram of the aperture mechanism 4 of FIG. In the following description, it is assumed that the setting of the number of pulses corresponding to the seeds 12 and the initial alignment between the seeds 12 and the sheet 14 have been completed.

Each time 3 to 4 seeds 12 contained in the seed tape 11 are detected by the sensor device 2,
The detection signal is input (see the seed tape signal in FIG. 9a). Based on all these signals, the seeds within about 12 cm from the first detected seed are recognized as the same group so that the counting circuit for counting the pulses from the encoder 2 does not operate (see FIG. 9).
b Seed seed group recognition), and generate and output a seed signal (steps 1 and 2, see FIG. 9c Seed signal).

As mentioned above, from the encoder 3,
A pulse indicating the movement amount and the movement speed of the sheet 14 is output (FIG. 9d encoder pulse). So seed 1
In order to align the holes 2 of the sheet 14 with the holes 2 of the sheet 14, a preset number of pulses is counted from the time of inputting the seed signal (step 3, see FIG. 9e, pulse count).

At this time, the pulse of the encoder 3 is
It is also output to the pulse converter, and the sheet 14
Is output to the motor drive pulse control circuit (step 4). Therefore, the pulse count end signal generated in step 3 and the speed control signal generated in step 4 are output to the motor controller to generate a motor rotation start signal (step 5 in FIG. 9f, motor rotation start signal). reference).

Next, the motor (stepping motor)
The motor rotation start signal is output to 7, and the motor 7 is rotated by a preset angle (pulse number) at a speed proportional to the speed of the encoder pulse (step 6).

An example of the operation of the hole opening mechanism 4 by the rotation of the motor 7 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
10A shows the operation of the drum 40 and the receiving roller 41, and FIG. 10B shows the hole 140 formed in the sheet 14. When the drum 40 rotates to the position indicated by a in FIG. 10A, one end 409 of the annular blade 400 contacts the receiving roller 41, and the rotational force of the drum 40 is applied via the annular blade 400. Transmitted,
The receiving roller 41 starts to rotate and also starts to descend due to the action of the displacement means 412. When the drum 40 is rotated from a to b in FIG.
Begins to be pressed by the annular blade 400. At this time and d described later
At this time, the descending width of the receiving roller 41 becomes maximum. When the drum 40 is rotated from b to c in FIG. 10A, a substantially half-moon shaped cut is formed on the sheet 14. At this time, the receiving roller 41 once rises from the maximum descending width. When the drum 40 is rotated from c to d in FIG. 10A, a substantially round hole 140 is formed in the sheet 14.

During the operation of the rotary drum 40, the CPU of the controller 5 judges whether the drum 40 has rotated up to the set angle (step 7), and "NO".
If so, let the rotation continue. On the other hand, if "YES", the motor 7 is switched to high speed rotation (step 8).
See Fig. 9h motor high-speed operation).

Then, it is judged whether or not a motor stop signal is output from the limit switch 40a (step 9), and if "NO", high speed rotation is continued, while
If “YES”, the motor 7 is stopped (step 10 FIG. 9j, motor high speed operation stop command signal). By this operation, the annular blade 400 is stopped at a position where it is easy to make the next hole in the sheet 14 (see FIG. 11) and stands by. After that, the process returns to step 1 to wait for the next seed tape signal, and the processes of steps 1 to 10 are repeated.

Therefore, in this machine 1, the simple hole mechanism 4 allows the sheet 14 that moves at a predetermined speed to have a clean hole 14.
You can open 0. Further, the rotation of the rotary drum 40 is started after counting the predetermined pulse movement amount corresponding to the stock, that is, the feeding amount of the sheet 14, based on the pulse from the encoder 3 after the detection of the seed. Therefore, the position of the seed 12 and the position of the hole 140 of the sheet 14 can be automatically matched with each other, and by setting the pulse movement amount to be cootoned in advance, it is possible to correspond to the stocks of various agricultural crops. Further, since the rotation speed of the motor 7 is a speed proportional to the speed of the encoder pulse, the rotation speed of the sheet 14 is made to correspond to the feeding speed of the sheet 14,
The rotation speed is controlled, and the feeding speed of the sheet 14 can be flexibly dealt with.

Next, a configuration example of the automatic seeder 1 according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The feature of the automatic seeder 1 is that it relates to the annular blade 400, in that the edge of the starting end portion 409 (see FIG. 10A) where the annular blade 400 first contacts the receiving roller 41 is omitted. is there.
Other configurations are similar to those of the above-described embodiment, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. As shown in FIG. 10d above, the round hole 1
When the entire circumference of 40 is cut off, the cut-off sheets must be collected and discarded separately from the sheet 14. In order to avoid such complication, the start end portion 409 has a structure shown in FIG.
A protective member 400a having a width of about 10 mm as shown in FIG.
Install. With this protection member 400a, the uncut portion 141 is formed as shown in FIG. 13, and it is possible to protect the cutting edge around the starting end portion 409 where the blade is easily scraped.
It should be noted that the strip-shaped cutting blade is not wound around the entire circumference of the holder portion 404 but a part thereof is left so that the uncut portion 141 is formed on the sheet 14, or the strip-shaped cutting blade is formed around the entire circumference of the holder portion 404. Even if the blade tip is wound to drop the blade edge of the starting end portion 409, the same operational effect is obtained.

The uncut portion 141 is removed as shown in FIG. 14 as the sheet 14 is fed out.
4 is folded underneath, so the uncut portion 141 is the seed 1
It does not prevent the germination of 2.

Next, a structural example of the seeding machine according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The features of this seeder 1 are:
The point is that a buffer piece 404a is formed in front of the holder portion 404 with respect to the rotating direction of the drum 40. Other configurations are similar to those of the above-described embodiment, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. As described above, the portion where the annular blade 400 first comes into contact with the receiving roller 41 is liable to be worn away,
Immediately before the annular blade 400 contacts the receiving roller 41, the cushioning piece 404a contacts the outer peripheral surface 415 (see FIG. 4) of the receiving roller 41. As a result, the impact given to the annular blade 400 can be softened. It should be noted that such cushioning pieces 404a may be fixed to both ends of the rotary drum 40, or one piece of the cushioning piece 404a may be fixed near the center of the rotary drum 40.

In each of the embodiments, the detection means and the opening mechanism are each one set assuming that one row is sown, but if the two rows are sown, the same detection means and opening mechanism are arranged in parallel. You can do it. Although the displacing means 412 is provided on the receiving roller 41 side, it may be provided on the rotating drum 40 side. Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, the rotary drum 40 to which three annular blades can be fixed is used to correspond to the sheet 14 which is fed at a high speed, and the perforation per drum rotation is ensured. Any rotary drum capable of fixing one or more annular blades may be used.

[0036]

According to the invention described in claim 1, it is possible to perform sheeting at the same time as sowing, and it is possible to make a clean hole in a moving sheet in correspondence with various crop plants. .

According to the second aspect of the invention, the position of the seed and the position of the hole of the sheet can be automatically matched, and it is possible to cope with different crops of different crops.

According to the third aspect of the invention, the sheet can be perforated by flexibly coping with the feeding speed of the sheet.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the sheet of the hole portion can be left uncut in the sheet, and it is possible to save the trouble of collecting the cut products generated after the sheet is punched. Further, the sheet itself may be disposed of, and the adverse effect on the soil caused by leaving the cut product of the sheet can be eliminated. Furthermore, since the blade edge is not provided at the starting end of the annular blade that first contacts the receiving roller, the uncut sheet is folded under the sheet as the sheet is fed. Therefore, the uncut sheet does not prevent seed germination.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of an automatic seeder according to the first embodiment,

FIG. 2 is a front view of a sensor device used in the automatic seeder,

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the same,

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an opening mechanism used in the automatic seeder.

FIG. 5 is a front view of the same.

6 (a) and (b) a side view and a front view of a main part of an opening mechanism used in the automatic seeder, FIG.

FIG. 7 is a wiring diagram of the automatic seeder,

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the automatic seeder,

FIG. 9 is a timing chart diagram of the same.

10 (a) and (b) an operation explanatory view of the same opening mechanism,

FIG. 11 is an operation explanatory view of the opening mechanism,

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an annular blade used in the automatic seeder according to the second embodiment,

FIG. 13 is an explanatory view of a hole of a sheet when the annular blade is used,

FIG. 14 is the same explanatory diagram,

FIG. 15 is a side view of a rotary drum used in the automatic seeder according to the third embodiment. 1 Automatic Seeding Machine 10 Seed Tape Roll 11 Seed Tape 12 Seed 13 Multi-Sheet Roll 14 Sheet 15 Grooving Shovel 16 Seed Tape Delivery Pipe 17 Guide Rod 18 Wheel 140 Hole 141 Uncut Part 2 Seed Detection Sensor Device 20 Box 21 Feeding Groove 22 Sensor 23 Lid 24 Pressing piece 3 Encoder 4 Opening mechanism 40 Rotating drum 400 Annular blade 401 Rotating shaft 402 Main body 403 Side surface 404 Holder portion 405 Inner circumference 406 Upper surface 407 Rotation locus circle 408 Tangent line 409 One end (starting end) 40a Limit switch 41 receiver Roller 410 Rotating shaft 411 Main body 412 Displacement means 413 Arm 414 Compression spring 415 Outer peripheral surface 400a Protective member 404a Buffer piece 413a Rod end bearing 5 Controller 6 Power supply 7 Motor

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Katsushi Yamauchi             1-27-1 Kichijoji-Minamimachi, Musashino City, Tokyo               Lead Engineering Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 2B024 CA02 CB04 CB05 DC01                 2B054 AA02 AA03 AA04 AA15 AA17                       CA04 CA07 CB04 CB15 DD09                       EA03 EA04 EA14 EA15 EA16                       EA17 EA23

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A seeding means comprising a detecting means for detecting seeds of a seed tape, and an opening mechanism for making holes in a sheet so as to substantially coincide with a position where the seeds are sowed based on a detection signal of the detecting means. In the machine, the perforation mechanism is composed of a rotary drum and receiving rollers whose rotary shafts are arranged substantially parallel to each other, and the rotary drum has at least one annular blade whose blade edges are aligned along a tangent line of its rotation locus circle. The automatic seeding machine is characterized in that each of the receiving rollers is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape such that the edge of the annular blade is in substantially point contact. 2. A control device for controlling the timing of rotation of the rotary drum in accordance with the amount of feeding of the sheet after the detection signal from the detection means is input. The automatic seeder according to 1. 3. A control device for controlling the rotation speed of the rotary drum according to the sheet feeding speed after the detection signal from the detection means is input. Or the automatic seeder according to 2. 4. The automatic seeder according to claim 1, wherein a blade tip is not provided at a starting end portion of the annular blade that first comes into contact with the receiving roller.