JP2003126715A - Method and device for crushing - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method a device for crushing materials to be crushed which stores a crushing medium and the materials to be crushed in a crushing container, and crushes the materials to be crushed with improved crushing efficiency by applying reciprocating vibration. SOLUTION: An inclined shaft part 11 inclined and eccentric to a rotary shaft 8 is attached to the rotary shaft 8. An annular body 15 which can relatively be rotated is provided to the inclined shaft part 11, and the rotation of the annular body 15 is restrained by the attraction of a magnet 16 and a counter electrode magnet 18. A crushing container 30 in which the materials to be crushed and the crushing medium are inserted is attached to a circular support 20 provided at the annular body 15. When the rotary shaft 8 is rotated by the motor 5, the crushing container 30 reciprocates and vibrates in the shape of a character of 8 and in the crossing direction. The materials to be crushed are efficiently crushed by crushing action in which the crushing container 30 is made into a mortar and the crushing medium is made into a pestle.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crushing method and apparatus, and more particularly to plant tissues and seeds, animal tissues, microorganisms,
The present invention relates to a crushing method and a crushing device applied to crush molds, plastic materials, mineral materials, etc. for chemical analysis / fractionation separation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to chemically analyze and fractionally separate the above various materials, the materials must first be uniformly crushed. As a conventional efficient crusher, by causing the crushing container to revolve and rotate at the same time, the crushing medium consisting of the crushed material and the micro beads contained in the crushing container is moved in three dimensions, and the crushing target is crushed. A "planetary mill" is known, which crushes by crushing by compression and rotation by collision of a crushing medium with an object.

Further, the applicant of the present invention has previously proposed Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-367.
As disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 32, No. 32, as a cell crushing device for screening substance-producing bacteria such as yeast and bacteria and producing cells, fine beads made of glass or ceramics are housed in a crushing container together with an object to be crushed. We have proposed a method of crushing in a short time by repeating high-speed rotation in the shape of a square and repeating efficient collision between micro beads and cells.

Further, the present applicant has filed Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-104.
No. 343, etc., an efficient crushing medium acts like a pestle and a crushing container acts like a mortar by accommodating a single crushing medium and an object to be crushed in a crushing container and applying vibration in a figure 8 shape. We propose various crushing methods and devices.

[0005]

As a crushing apparatus, it is required to crush the object to be crushed more efficiently,
In the above-mentioned crushing apparatus by the applicant, it is desired that the crushing container and the single crushing medium housed in the crushing container can more efficiently exhibit the action of the mortar-pestle.

[0006] It is an object of the present invention to provide a crushing method and apparatus capable of efficiently crushing large plant tissues, animal tissues, mineral materials and the like.

[0007]

According to the crushing method of the present invention, an elongated crushing container is provided with a shape and a size in which a posture substantially along the axis of the crushing container is maintained and relative movement is made in the axial direction and the direction intersecting with the axial direction. The formed crushing medium is housed together with the crushed object, and the crushing container is combined with the main reciprocating movement of a relatively long stroke in the axial direction of the crushing vessel and the auxiliary reciprocating movement of a relatively short stroke in a direction orthogonal to the figure to form a figure-eight figure. And a reciprocating vibration in a direction intersecting with the vibration direction of the main reciprocating movement, and the crushing medium housed inside the crushing container with the 8-shaped reciprocating vibration. When the crushing container collides with the bottom of the crushing container while rotating relatively, vibration is also applied in the direction intersecting with this vibration, so that the crushing container acts as a mortar and the movement of the crushing medium is strengthened, and the object to be crushed is crushed. Is a large plant Be those hardly crushed such as tissue or animal tissue or a plastic material or a mineral material can be crushed even efficiently.

When the crushing container is reciprocally oscillated at a frequency of 20 to 60 Hz, the crushing medium works effectively in a commonly used range where the capacity of the crushing container is about 2 to 50 cc, and the material to be crushed is efficiently crushed. Can be crushed into

If the crushed material is frozen in a liquid nitrogen bath and freeze-dried in a vacuum, the crushed material can be easily crushed even in the case of animal and plant tissue that is liable and difficult to be cut and contains fibers that are difficult to cut. Since it is crushed into pieces, it can be crushed efficiently.

Further, by using a crushing medium having a groove on a part of the surface thereof, even in the case of animal and plant tissue which is liable to be crushed and contains a fibrous substance which is liable to be cut, the fibrous substance can be efficiently fed in the groove portion. Can be efficiently cut and efficiently crushed.

Further, when the titanium crushing medium whose surface is polished is used, even when the crushed object is a hard animal tissue such as bone, the crushing medium surface remains with a tissue such as DNA or RNA, and It is possible to eliminate the risk of cross contamination during crushing.

Further, in the crushing device of the present invention, the rotating shaft which is rotationally driven by the drive source is provided with an inclined shaft portion whose shaft center is inclined with respect to the shaft center, and is rotated with respect to the shaft center of the drive source. The shaft or the inclined shaft portion is eccentrically centered, the annular body is fitted on the inclined shaft portion so as to be rotatable relative to the inclined shaft portion, and elastic restraining means for elastically restraining the rotation of the annular body is provided. The slender crushing container containing the crushing medium and the object to be crushed is held in an annular holder provided in the slab in a posture parallel to the axis of the annular body. By doing so, the crushing container is given an 8-shaped vibration,
Further, since the oscillating motion due to the eccentricity of the inclined shaft portion is added, the action of the mortar-pestle by the crushing container and the crushing medium is increased, and more efficient crushing becomes possible.

Further, by forming the crushing medium by a single member having a length larger than the inner diameter of the crushing container, it is possible to effectively perform the action of the mortar and pestle simultaneously with the crushing by collision.

If the inner surface of at least one end of the crushing container is formed into a substantially hemispherical or conical shape and the opposite end outer surface of the crushing medium is formed into substantially the same shape, the mortar-pestle action is more effective. And can be crushed more efficiently.

When the difference between the inner diameter of the crushing container and the outer diameter of the crushing medium is 2 to 1 mm or less, the crushing medium can surely act even when the crushed object is supple, and the crushing medium is efficiently crushed. be able to.

Further, if one or a plurality of grooves are formed on the surface of at least one end of the crushing medium, even in the case of animal and plant tissue that is liable to be crushed and contains a fibrous material that is difficult to cut, the fibrous material can be used in the groove portion. Can be effectively cut and crushed efficiently.

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the crushing method and apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, a base plate 3 is supported by a vibration-proof rubber 4 on a box-shaped casing 2 accommodating a motor 5 and a controller, and a motor 5 (driving means) hangs down on the base plate 3. The output shaft is supported by a bearing portion 7 provided on the base plate 3 and is connected to a rotary shaft 8 rotatably supported around a vertical axis.

The rotary shaft 8 is rotatably supported by a pair of bearings 10 of the bearing portion 7, and its upper portion extends above the bearing portion 7. On the upper part of the rotary shaft 8, a tilted shaft body 11 is fitted, which intersects with the shaft center in an inclined state of an angle θ and is eccentric by an eccentric amount s. It is pressed and fixed by a nut 13 screwed onto the upper end portion of the rotary shaft 8 via. The eccentricity s is
s = 0.1 to 2.0 mm, preferably s = 0.3 to 1.8 mm, more preferably s =
When it is set to 0.5 to 1.5 mm, the mortar-pestle effect due to the eccentric vibration can be more effectively exhibited.

An annular body 15 is mounted on the outer periphery of the inclined shaft body 11 via a bearing 14 so as to be relatively rotatable. As shown in FIG. 3, the ring-shaped holder 20 formed on the ring-shaped body 15 has a magnet 16 attached to the back of the ring-shaped holder 20 with a part of the outer periphery cut out. A counter pole magnet 18 is attached to a support column 9 fixed to the base plate 3 so as to face the magnet 16. By the attraction force of these magnets 16 and counter magnets 18,
When the rotary shaft 8 and the tilt shaft body 11 rotate, the rotation of the annular body 15 that follows the rotation shaft 8 is blocked, and the ring body 15 performs a swinging motion as the tilt shaft body 11 rotates. . The magnets 16 are provided at a plurality of positions on the circumference of the annular holder 20, and the counter pole magnets 18 are provided so as to face the magnets 16 to more reliably prevent the eccentric annular body 15 from rotating. Can be done.

The oscillating motion of the annular body 15 due to the rotation of the rotary shaft 8 and the tilt shaft body 11 becomes a figure 8 as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b). That is, as shown in FIG. 4A, when the behavior of the point a on the outer periphery of the annular body 15 at that time is taken as the reference position with the annular body 15 tilted to the right, it can be seen from the solid line state. When the rotary shaft 8 rotates 90 ° in the direction of the arrow, the annular body 15 shifts to a state of being inclined in the front-back direction of the paper surface as shown by the imaginary line, and the position corresponding to the point a during that time passes through the route b and c. Move to a point. Next, when the rotary shaft 8 is further rotated by 90 °, the annular body 15 is moved to the position shown in FIG.
As shown by the solid line, the state shifts to the left, and the position corresponding to the point a returns from the point c to the original point a via the route d. When the rotary shaft 8 further rotates 90 °, the annular body 15
Shifts to a state of being inclined in the opposite direction to the front and back sides of the paper as indicated by the phantom line, the position corresponding to point a moves to point f via path e, and the rotary shaft 8 returns to its original rotational position. Up to 9
When rotated by 0 °, the position corresponding to the point a returns from the point f to the original point a via the path g. Therefore, by the rotation of the rotary shaft 8, an arbitrary position on the outer peripheral portion of the annular body 15 repeats the oscillating movement in the shape of a figure 8. Furthermore, since the tilt shaft body 11 is fitted in an eccentric state with respect to the rotation shaft 8, the annular body 15 and the annular holding body 2 are rotated as the tilt shaft body 11 rotates.
0 means that the wobbling motion is repeated in the direction intersecting the longitudinal direction of the wobbling motion of the figure 8.

An annular holder 2 provided on the annular body 15
A large number of elongated container holders 22 are arranged on the outer periphery of 0 in a posture parallel to the axis of the annular body 15.
It is configured to accommodate and support the crushing container 30 therein. Further, the lid 31 of the crushing container 30 is the annular holder 20.
A pressing plate 23, which is mounted on the upper surface of the annular body 15 and presses the upper surface thereof to fix the crushing container 30, is fastened and fixed by the fixing knob 25 screwed into the screwing portion 15a formed on the upper portion of the annular body 15. Is configured.

With this structure, the crushing containers 30 are placed in the respective container holders 22 provided on the annular holder 20, the pressing plate 23 is placed so as to press the respective crushing containers 30, and the fixed knob 2
Crushing can be started by screwing 5 into the threaded portion 15a of the annular body 15. Further, even after the crushing is completed, by removing the fixing knob 25 and removing the pressing plate 23, all the crushing containers 30 can be taken out, and the crushing container 30 can be easily attached and detached. The crushing container 30 has various sizes and is not limited to this loading / unloading method, and a configuration corresponding to the shape size of the crushing container 30 can be applied.

The crushing container 30, as shown in FIG.
It consists of an elongated cylindrical container with a screw 30a on the outer periphery of its opening.
Is formed, and the mounting spherical portion 35 is formed on the bottom,
The lid 31 is screwed into the opening so as to be hermetically sealed. An annular seal portion 31 a fitted to the inner circumference of the opening of the crushing container 30 is formed on the inner circumference of the lid 31. The crushing container 30 has 2 pieces depending on the material and amount of the crushed object.
An annular holding body 2 having a volume of 50 ml to 50 ml is used.
0 is a container holder 22 corresponding to the size of the crushing container 30.
The one provided with is used.

As the material of the crushing container 30, synthetic resin such as polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, and fluorine resin, metal such as stainless steel, and the one whose inner surface is coated with fluorine resin can be used. .

As shown in FIG. 6A, the crushing medium 32 accommodated in the crushing container 30 together with the object to be crushed is composed of a single member having a length L larger than the inner diameter D of the crushing container 30. In addition, a similar headed spherical projecting end portion 32a corresponding to the shape of the bottom portion of the crushing container 30 is formed at one end thereof. The other end is the annular seal portion 3 on the inner circumference of the lid 32.
The small-diameter portion 32b is formed so as not to interfere with or fit into the la 1a. Also, the outer diameter d of the crushing medium 32
Is 2 mm or less with respect to the inner diameter D of the crushing container 30, the inner diameter d
Is small, it is set to be about 1 mm or less. For example, when the capacity of the crushing container 30 is 2 ml, the inner diameter D is set to 8 mm and the outer diameter d of the crushing medium 32 is set to 7 mm.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 6 (b) and 6 (c),
One or a plurality of grooves 34 are radially or spirally formed in the projecting end portion 32a of the crushing medium 32 as required.

The material of the crushing medium 32 is SUS.
Magnetic stainless steel such as 430, stainless steel such as SUS304 hard stainless steel, carbon steel, titanium, tungsten, zirconia, tungsten carbide, ceramics, glass, and fluorine resin can be appropriately used.

Further, the crushing container 30 and the crushing medium 32 may be formed in the shapes shown in FIGS. 7 and 8A to 8C. In FIG. 9, a conical cone portion 33 is formed at the bottom of the crushing container 30, and a conical protruding end portion 32a is formed at one end of the crushing medium 32 as shown in FIG. 8A. Has been done. Also, the protruding end 3
As shown in FIGS. 8B and 8C, the groove 34 may be formed in 2a.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 (a) to 10 (e), a frusto-conical portion 33 is formed on both the bottom of the crushing container 30 and the lid 31, and both ends of the crushing medium 32 are similar. It is also possible to form the truncated cone-shaped projecting end portion 32a and, if necessary, to form one or a plurality of radial or spiral grooves 34 over the entire length of the projecting end portion 32a and the crushing medium 32. In the case of the crushing container 30 having such a configuration, a container case accommodating the crushing container 30 is attached to the annular holding body 20 in place of the container holder 22, and the crushing container 30 is put into the container case for crushing operation.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 (a) to 12 (e), hemispherical portions 35 are formed on both the bottom of the crushing container 30 and the lid 31, and similar hemispheres are formed on both ends of the crushing medium 32. -Shaped protruding end 32a is formed, and if necessary, the protruding end 32a is formed.
It is also possible to form one or a plurality of radial or spiral grooves 34 over the entire length of the crushing medium 32.

In the above construction, when crushing an object to be crushed, a single crushing medium 32 having a length larger than its inner diameter and an object to be crushed are accommodated in the elongated crushing container 30, and the crushing container 30 is crushed. When the crushing container 30 is housed in the container holder 22 of the annular holding body 20 and fixed by the pressing plate 23 and the rotation shaft 8 is rotationally driven by the motor 5, the crushing container 30 is reciprocally moved in a relatively long stroke in the axial direction. It reciprocally vibrates in a shape of a figure that is a combination of sub-reciprocal movements of a relatively short stroke in a direction orthogonal to it, and reciprocally vibrates in a direction intersecting with the main reciprocating movements. Repeating collisions with the bottom of the crushing container 30 while rotating relative to each other while maintaining a posture almost along the heart, the crushing container 30 acts like a mortar, the crushing medium 32 acts like a pestle, and the crushed object is a large plant cell or Animal tissue and plastic Be an tics material or mineral material is efficiently crushed.

In particular, the rotating shaft 8 is 1000 to 4000.
When the crushing container 30 is reciprocally oscillated at a frequency of 20 to 60 Hz by rotating the crushing container 30 at a rpm, preferably about 3000 rpm, the crushing medium 32 is effectively used in a general-purpose range in which the crushing container 30 has a capacity of about 2 to 50 cc. It acts, and the crushed object can be crushed efficiently.

The bottom or both ends of the crushing container 30 are frusto-conical portions 33, hemispherical portions 35, elliptical spheres, etc., and the inner surface thereof is shaped like a frusto-conical shape or a substantially hemispherical shape, and the crushing medium 32 is used. If the outer surfaces of the opposing end portions of the above are substantially the same shape, the above-mentioned mortar-pestle action can be more effectively obtained and the crushing can be performed more efficiently.

The inner diameter of the crushing container 30 and the crushing medium 32
When the difference between the outer diameters of 2 and 1 mm is set to 2 to 1 mm or less, the crushing medium 32 can surely act and can be efficiently crushed even when the crushed object is flexible.

When the crushed material is a plant or animal tissue which is liable and difficult to be cut and contains fibrous material which is hard to be cut, the crushed material is placed in a crushing container 30 in a liquid nitrogen bath and crushed. When the object is frozen and freeze-dried in a vacuum, the material to be crushed is easily crushed, so that the material can be crushed efficiently. In the present invention, the same effect can be obtained by simply cooling with dry ice. Further, by cooling the crushing medium 32 together with the object to be crushed with liquid nitrogen or the like, heat generation during crushing can be prevented, and if the crushing medium 32 is cooled to a temperature much lower than that of the object to be crushed, the heat generation can be prevented. The effect will be remarkable.

When the crushed objects are similar animal and plant tissues, (b) and (c) of FIGS. 6 and 8 and FIGS.
Fracturing medium 3 having grooves 34 as shown in (b) to (e) of 2
By using No. 2, since the fibrous material that is difficult to be cut in the groove 34 is effectively cut even if the material to be crushed is not freeze-vacuum dried as described above, it is possible to efficiently crush. Also,
In this case, a great effect is exhibited by cooling with dry ice as described above.

When the grinding medium 32 made of titanium whose surface is polished is used, even when the object to be crushed is a hard animal tissue such as bone, the surface of the crushing medium 32 is made of, for example, DNA or RNA. It is possible to eliminate the risk that the composition remains and cross-contamination occurs during the subsequent crushing.

When the crushing medium 32 is made of a metal material such as carbon steel and the surface of which is coated with a fluororesin, the crushing container 30 is used to store a corrosive buffer solution or an extract solution. It exhibits corrosion resistance and can secure the weight necessary for its operation.

In the crushing apparatus 1 described above, the ring-shaped holder 20 is integrally attached to the ring-shaped body 15. However, the ring-shaped holder 20 is detachably attached to the ring-shaped body 15 to be used in the crushing containers 30 of various sizes. Can be adapted. Also,
In place of the container holder 22 in the annular holder 20, the crushing container 3
A container case containing 0 can be attached. This crushing case, as shown in FIG. 13, when cooling water is circulated and the material to be crushed is deteriorated due to temperature rise,
It can also be configured to suppress a temperature rise due to crushing. In the case shown in FIG. 13, when the crushing container 30 is put into the cooling container case 61 and the opening is closed by the lid 62, the crushing container 30 is sealed in the cooling container case 61. Since the cooling water supplied from the water supply port 63 cools the crushing container 30 and flows to the drainage port 64, it is possible to suppress the temperature rise due to the crushing and prevent alteration of the crushed object.

As a crushing medium, a combination of a punch 71 and a die 72 can be applied as shown in FIG. When the crushing container 30 has a frustoconical shape, the mortar 72 has a bottom outer surface formed into a frustoconical shape and an inner surface side formed into the same hemispherical shape as the punch 71. This mortar 72 is inserted into the crushing container 30, the crushed object 74 is put therein, the tip is inserted into the mortar 72 and the pestle 71 is arranged. When vibration is applied by the crushing device 1, the pestle is crushed. 71 and the mortar 72 move in the crushing container 30, and a good crushing effect can be obtained.

[0042]

As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a single crushing medium having a shape and size which is held in a slender crushing container in a posture substantially along the axial center thereof and relatively moves in the axial direction. Since the crushing container is housed and reciprocally oscillated in the shape of a figure 8, reciprocating vibration is applied in a direction intersecting with the crushing container. The mortar and the crushing medium act like a pestle, and even an object to be crushed that is difficult to crush can be efficiently crushed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing the overall configuration of a crushing device according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the main configuration of the crushing device according to the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the configuration of the main part of the above crushing device.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of 8-shaped reciprocating vibration.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the structure of a crushing container.

FIG. 6 is a front view showing various examples of a crushing medium to be combined with the crushing container of the above.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing the structure of a crushing container.

FIG. 8 is a front view showing various examples of a crushing medium to be combined with the crushing container of the above.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing the structure of a crushing container.

FIG. 10 is a front view showing various examples of a crushing medium to be combined with the crushing container of the above.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a crushing container.

FIG. 12 is a front view showing various examples of a crushing medium combined with the crushing container of the above.

FIG. 13 is a side view showing the configuration of a container case provided with a cooling structure.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a crushing medium composed of a die and a pestle.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 crusher 5 Motor (drive means) 8 rotation axes 11 Inclined shaft 15 ring 16 magnets 18 counter magnets 20 annular holder 30 crushing container

Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) G01N 1/28 G01N 1/28 T

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A slender crushing container, together with an object to be crushed, holds a crushing medium formed in a shape and size that is capable of relatively moving in an axial direction and a direction intersecting the axial direction while maintaining a posture substantially along the axis thereof. Then, the crushing container is reciprocally oscillated in the shape of a figure of eight in which the main reciprocating movement of the relatively long stroke in the axial direction and the sub reciprocating movement of the relatively short stroke in the direction orthogonal thereto are reciprocally oscillated, and the main reciprocating movement is performed. A crushing method characterized by reciprocally vibrating in a direction intersecting with the vibration direction of. 2. The crushing method according to claim 1, wherein the crushing container is reciprocally oscillated at a frequency of 20 to 60 Hz. 3. The crushing method according to claim 1, wherein the material to be crushed is frozen in a liquid nitrogen bath and freeze-dried in a vacuum. 4. The crushing method according to claim 1, wherein a crushing medium having grooves formed on a part of its surface is used. 5. The crushing method according to claim 1, wherein a crushing medium made of titanium whose surface is polished is used. 6. A rotary shaft rotatably driven by a drive source,
An inclined shaft portion whose axis is inclined with respect to the axis is provided, and the axis of rotation or the axis of the inclined shaft is eccentric with respect to the axis of the drive source, and the annular body is rotatable relative to the inclined shaft. Is provided with elastic restraint means for elastically restraining the rotation of the annular body, and an elongated crushing container containing a crushing medium and a crushed object is provided in the annular holding body provided on the outer peripheral portion of the annular body. A crushing device characterized by being held in a posture parallel to the axis. 7. The crushing device according to claim 6, wherein the crushing medium is composed of a single member having a length larger than the inner diameter of the crushing container. 8. The crushing container is characterized in that at least one end of the crushing container has an inner surface projecting in a substantially hemispherical or conical shape, and the crushing medium has opposite end outer surfaces having substantially the same shape. Crushing equipment. 9. The crushing device according to claim 6, wherein the difference between the inner diameter of the crushing container and the outer diameter of the crushing medium is 2 to 1 mm or less. 10. A crushing medium having at least one end surface 1
Alternatively, a plurality of grooves are formed, and the groove is formed.
The crushing device according to any one of claims.