JP2003123099A - Magnetic recorder - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a magnetic recorder whose magnetic head is easily cleaned. SOLUTION: This magnetic recorder is provided with a magnetic head block 45 having arrangement of a magnetic head 46 and a driven roller 47, and a device main body having arrangement of a driving roller facing the driven roller 47 and a driving side driven roller facing the magnetic head 47. The magnetic head block 45 is attached to the device main body in a turnable way centering on a supporting shaft 61, and the magnetic head block 45 attached to the device main body can be released from the position at which the magnetic head block 45 is attached. Because of this the magnetic head block 45 can be exposed to the surface of the device main body to clean the magnetic head 46 and to process paper jamming.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a magnetic recording device, and more particularly to a device suitable for magnetic recording on a ticket such as a ticket.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the automation of ticket gates on railways has been promoted, and data is recorded on a ticket or limited express ticket by printing and magnetism so that the ticket can be checked at the automatic ticket gate. With regard to in-vehicle supplement ticket issuing machines that issue passenger tickets and limited express tickets to passengers who have overridden, unless the data is recorded by printing and magnetism on the issued ticket, passengers can pass through the automatic ticket gate when getting off. Can not. Therefore, the development of an in-vehicle supplement ticket issuing machine capable of print recording and magnetic recording has been in progress.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-330070 discloses a mobile replenishment ticket issuing machine capable of printing and magnetic recording which is installed in a vehicle or on a business trip window.
As shown in FIG. 12, this device uses a plurality of single-cut tickets 22
And a paper sheet storage unit 21 in which sheets are stacked and stored.
A slider 24 for feeding the paper sheets 22 from the paper one by one, a paper feed motor 23 for driving the slider 24, a magnetic head 26 for magnetically writing and reading the paper sheets, and a magnetic head.
A conveyance roller 27 that faces the paper sheet 26 with a gap narrower than the thickness of one sheet of paper, a conveyance motor (not shown) that drives the conveyance roller 27, and the paper sheet delivered from the paper sheet storage unit 21. A first passage 29 conveyed by the conveying roller 27, and a second passage 31 conveyed by the conveying roller 27 rotating in the reverse direction.
A gate 34 that rotates around a fulcrum 35 (rotates downward in FIG. 12) to close the second passage 31 and open a third passage 33 toward the printing unit, a switching motor 36 that drives the gate 34, and a gate. A print head 37 fixed to the gate 34 and oscillating together with the gate 34, a platen roller 38 for feeding the paper sheet during printing, and a feed motor 43 for driving the platen roller 38 are provided.

In this printing magnetic recording apparatus, the paper sheet storage unit 21
A piece of ticket paper 22 unwound by a slider 24 from
Is sandwiched between the magnetic head 26 and the transport roller 27, and is fed into the first path 29 by the transport roller 27 which rotates in the normal direction.
Then, the transport roller 27 is rotated in the reverse direction so that the paper sheet passes through the second passage 31.
The magnetic head 26 records magnetic data on the ticket in the process. Next, the transport roller 27 rotates in the forward direction to transport the paper sheet again to the first passage 29, and in this process, the magnetic head 26 reads the magnetic record of the paper sheet and checks whether or not it is correctly written. If it is written correctly, the transport roller 27 reverses to store the paper sheet in the second passage 31 and make it stand by. If not correctly written, magnetic writing and magnetic reading are executed again.

When the confirmation of the magnetic writing is completed, the switching motor 36 is operated and the gate 33 is rotated downward, the first passage 29 is closed and the third passage 33 is opened. Also, gate 33
The print head 37 fixed to is separated from the platen roller 39. In this state, the transport roller 27 rotates normally and the second passage 31
The ticket waiting at is sent to the third passage 33.

When the sensor 42 detects the leading edge of the paper sheet that has entered the third passage 33, the transport motor that drives the transport roller 27 is stopped, and the switching motor 36 operates to move the gate 33 to the position shown in FIG.
Return to state 2. At this time, the print head 37
It is sandwiched between the platen roller 38 and pressed against the platen roller 38. The platen roller 38 is rotated by the feed motor 43, and the print head 37 prints on the paper sheet fed by the platen roller 38. The printed ticket paper is ejected from the exit 39. Thus, by reciprocating the ticket, it is possible to reduce the size of the magnetic recording device having a printing function.

[0007]

However, in the conventional replenishment ticket issuing machine, each time a ticket is issued, a single-cut ticket is reciprocally moved between the magnetic head 26 and the transport roller 27. It passes at least three times, and every time it passes, the end face of the entering paper sheet collides with the magnetic head 26. Therefore, the paper material peeled off from the end face of the ticket may adhere to the magnetic head 27,
The magnetic head becomes dirty, and it is necessary to frequently clean the magnetic head 27 to remove it.

In the conventional apparatus, when cleaning the magnetic head 27, the transport roller 27 is removed, a finger is inserted through the hole, and the magnetic head is cleaned with a cloth or the like sandwiched between the fingertips. There is a problem that it is difficult to work.

Further, in this apparatus, since the paper sheet is sandwiched between the magnetic head 26 and the carrying roller 27 and the paper sheet is fed by the rotational force of the carrying roller 27, the paper sheet is fed between the magnetic head 26 and the carrying roller 27. The intervals and their pressures need to be finely adjusted. If this interval is too wide or the elastic force for sandwiching the ticket is too weak, the accuracy of the transportation of the ticket is impaired, and data cannot be magnetically recorded at a predetermined position on the ticket. On the other hand, if this interval is too narrow or the elastic force is too strong, when the entering paper sheet is sandwiched between the magnetic head 26 and the conveying roller 27, the stress received from the paper sheet increases and the magnetic head 26 is damaged. Or, the amount of paper material that peels off from the edge of the ticket increases, and the magnetic head becomes dirty quickly. Therefore, in the conventional apparatus, there is a problem that it is extremely difficult to adjust the distance between the magnetic head 26 and the transport roller 27 and the pressure.

The present invention solves these problems of the prior art, makes it easy to clean the magnetic head, and
An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic recording device in which the position and pressure of the magnetic head can be easily adjusted.

[0011]

Therefore, in the present invention, in the magnetic recording apparatus, a magnetic head block having an arrangement of a magnetic head and a driven roller, a drive roller facing the driven roller, and a magnetic head facing the magnetic head. A device main body having an arrangement with a driven side driven roller is provided, and the magnetic head block is rotatably mounted about a part of the device main body so that the magnetic head block can be released from its mounting position. Is configured.

Therefore, the magnetic head block can be exposed on the surface of the main body of the apparatus to clean the magnetic head or treat a paper jam.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the embodiments of the present invention, a magnetic recording device applied to an in-vehicle supplement ticket issuing machine will be described.

This device is constructed so that it can be held by one hand, and as shown in the perspective views of FIGS. 1 and 2 and the sectional view of FIG.
A C-motor 42, a paper sheet storage cassette 44 in which large 85 mm tickets are stacked and stored, a slider 62 for pulling out the paper sheets from the paper sheet storage cassette 44, and a magnetic head.
Magnetic head block 45 with built-in 46 and driven roller 47
A driving roller 48 facing the driven roller 47, and a driven roller (rubber roller) 49 facing the magnetic head 46 (see FIG. 10).
(A)), a first passage 50 through which the paper sheet fed from the paper sheet storage cassette 44 is conveyed by the drive roller 48,
First elastic stopper 52 with which the leading edge of the paper sheet that has entered the passage 50 of the sheet abuts, a second passage 51 through which the paper sheet is conveyed by the reverse drive roller 48, and a paper sheet that has entered the second passage 51. A second elastic stopper 53 with which the front end of the sheet abuts, a platen roller 54 for feeding the paper sheet during printing, a thermal head 55 for printing on the paper sheet, and a thermal head 55 for contacting the platen roller 54, Alternatively, the thermal head rotating member 56 that rotates to separate it, the spring 57 that biases the thermal head rotating member 56 in the direction in which the thermal head 55 contacts the platen roller 54, and the thermal head rotating member 56 that moves the thermal head 55 When rotated in a direction away from the platen roller 54, it engages with the thermal head rotating member 56, and the second path
It is provided with a flapper 59 that closes 50 and opens a third passage 58 toward the printing portion. The flapper 59 is biased by a spring in a direction to open the passage 50.

The thermal head rotating member 56 and the slider 62 for feeding the ticket from the ticket storage cassette 43 of this magnetic recording apparatus are driven by the DC motor 42, and the drive roller 48 and the platen roller 54 are driven by the stepping motor 41. Driven.

Further, FIG. 10 shows the structure (a) of the magnetic head 46 and the driven roller 47 in the magnetic head block 45, and the structure (b) of the drive roller 48 and the driven roller 49 facing the magnetic head 46.
And are schematically shown. The magnetic head 46 has a two-track structure, has a recess in the center, and three driven rollers 47 are arranged at the position of the recess and on both sides. A drive roller 48 fixed to the drive shaft 60 faces the driven roller 47, and a rubber roller 49 not fixed to the drive shaft 60 faces the magnetic head 46. 85 mm paper is a drive roller
It passes between 48 and the driven roller 47 and between the magnetic head 46 and the rubber roller 49. The driven roller 47 facing the drive roller 48 is urged toward the drive roller 48 by a spring, as described later, and acts so as to press the 85 mm paper sheet against the drive roller 48.

Thus, the 85 mm paper sheet is sandwiched between the drive roller 48 and the driven roller 47 on both sides and the center of the 85 mm paper sheet, and the 85 mm paper sheet is conveyed by the rotation of the drive roller 48 at these three positions. The driving force can be reliably transmitted to the paper sheet, and the paper sheet can be stably conveyed.

In this magnetic recording device, a DC motor is used.
In order to control the timing of starting / stopping the 42 and the stepping motor 41, magnetic writing / reading on the ticket by the magnetic head 46, and printing by the thermal head 55,
Sensors are arranged at various places, and the operation is controlled based on the detection result.

Magnetic recording and printing on ticket paper by this apparatus are performed in the following procedure. First, one sheet of paper is sent out from the paper sheet storage cassette 44 in which a plurality of unused paper sheets of 85 mm are stored by the slider 62 through the gap 63 of the thickness of one paper sheet. When the sensor 3 (S3) arranged near the drive roller 48 detects the leading edge of the ticket,
The stepping motor 41 starts forward rotation, and the drive roller 48 starts rotating. The drive roller 48 cooperates with the driven roller 47 to convey the ticket to the first passage 50.

When the front end of the paper sheet conveyed to the first passage 50 contacts the elastic stopper 52, the rear end of the paper sheet is sandwiched between the driving roller 48 and the driven roller 47. After that, the ticket slips off the drive roller 48 for further advancement. At this time, the paper sheet pushes the elastic stopper 52 by inertia, and the elasticity pushes the paper sheet back. When the sensor 5 (S5) detects that the leading edge of the paper sheet has come into contact with the elastic stopper 52, the stepping motor 41 changes the rotation direction from normal rotation to reverse rotation. Therefore, the drive roller 48 reversely rotates, the paper sheet re-enters the reverse roller, and the initial speed is obtained by the force of the elastic stopper 52. Therefore, the ticket is conveyed at a constant speed in the reverse direction, and the second passage 51 Is conveyed in the direction of.

After the sensor 5 (S5) is turned on, magnetic writing is started by the magnetic head 46 when a certain number is counted, and magnetic recording is performed on the paper sheet in the process of being conveyed to the second passage 51.

When the front end of the paper sheet conveyed to the second passage 51 contacts the elastic stopper 53, the rear end of the paper sheet is sandwiched between the driving roller 48 and the driven roller 47. After that, the ticket slips off the drive roller 48 for further advancement. At this time, the paper sheet pushes the elastic stopper 53 due to inertia, and the elasticity causes the paper sheet to be pushed back. When the sensor 6 (S6) detects that the leading edge of the paper sheet has come into contact with the elastic stopper 53, the stepping motor 41 changes its rotation direction from reverse rotation to normal rotation, and the drive roller 48 rotates normally. The ticket re-enters the drive roller that is rotating in the forward direction, and the transport direction of the ticket changes. Further, the magnetic head 46 detects the sensor 6 (S6),
After the magnetic writing is completed and the sensor 6 (S6) is turned on, the magnetic reading from the paper sheet to be conveyed is started when a certain number is counted.

When the sensor 6 (S6) is turned on, D
The C motor 42 starts reverse rotation, and the thermal head rotating member 56
The thermal head 55 against the spring 57 and the platen roller.
Rotate away from 54. Thermal head rotating member 56
The flapper 59, with which one end of the thermal head rotating member 56 is engaged, rotates in the opposite direction to the thermal head rotating member 56 with the shaft 66 as a fulcrum to block the second passage 50 and the third passage 58. Open. Therefore, the paper sheet conveyed by the drive roller 48 enters the third passage 58.

When the sensor 7 (S7) located in front of the platen roller 54 detects the leading edge of the paper sheet, the rotation of the stepping motor 41 is switched to the rotation for printing.

The rotation of the thermal head rotating member 56 is stopped at the timing when the paper sheet enters the position of the platen roller 54, and the thermal head 55 urged by the spring 57 presses the paper sheet against the platen roller 54. After turning on the sensor 7 (S7), the thermal head 55
Start printing. Here, the flapper by the rotating member 56
The flapper is 85m because the pressure on 59 is released.
After passing the m ticket paper, it is rotated in the direction to open the passage 50 by the biasing force of the spring. After the sensor 7 (S7) is turned off, the stepping motor 41 is stopped when a certain number is counted.

The magnetic head block 45 of this magnetic recording device
Can rotate around a support shaft 61 as shown in FIG. As a result, paper jams or magnetic head
When cleaning 46, the magnetic head block 45 can be rotated to the open state shown in FIG. 1 to perform the processing.

FIG. 4 is a top view of the magnetic head block 45 mounted on the magnetic recording apparatus. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. , C- in FIG.
7 is a sectional view taken along line C, and FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line DD of FIG. FIG. 11 schematically shows an exploded perspective view of the magnetic head block 45.

The magnetic head block 45 includes a magnetic head plate 71 which serves as a lid for the magnetic head block 45 when mounted on a magnetic recording device, a magnetic head case 73 to which a magnetic head 46 is fixed, a magnetic head 46 and a driven member. A bottom side case 72 is provided that partially exposes the roller 47 and supports it from below. The magnetic head plate 71 is fixed to an arm that configures the bearing 74 of the support shaft 61 and the bearing 75 of the shaft 77 of the bottom case 72, and a claw for locking the magnetic head block 45 mounted on the magnetic recording device. Holds 76.

The magnetic head case 73 to which the magnetic head 46 is fixed is fixed in the bottom case 72. The tip of the magnetic head 46 is exposed through the hole 79 of the bottom case 72. Driven roller
Each of the 47 is held by a bottom case 72 and a magnetic head case 73 so as to be rotatable about a short axis 78. The tip of each driven roller 47 is exposed from the small hole 80 of the bottom case 72. Further, for the driven rollers 47 on both sides of the magnetic head 46, as shown in FIG. 8, springs 81 for urging the driven rollers 47 in the direction of pushing them out from the small holes 80 are housed in the magnetic head case 73. .

By fixing the magnetic head case 73 in the bottom case 72 and inserting the shaft 77 into the bearing 75, the bottom case 72 combined with the magnetic head case 73 rotates with respect to the magnetic head plate 71. Be pivoted as possible. In addition, the magnetic head plate 71 and the magnetic head case 73
Are locked by two adjusting screws 83 with a coil spring 82 sandwiched therebetween. The adjusting screw 83 has a function of adjusting the pressure of the magnetic head 46.When the adjusting screw 83 is tightened, the gap between the magnetic head plate 71 and the magnetic head case 73 is narrowed, and as a result, the coil spring 82 is compressed, The elasticity of the magnetic head case 73 and the magnetic head 46 fixed to it decreases. In this case, when the paper sheet passes between the magnetic head 46 and the rubber roller 49, the magnetic head 46 "escapes" slightly, and the paper sheet is strongly pressed against the rubber roller 49.

On the other hand, when the adjusting screw 83 is loosened, the gap between the magnetic head plate 71 and the magnetic head case 73 is expanded, and as a result, the expansion and contraction width of the coil spring 82 is expanded, and the magnetic head case 73 and the magnetic field fixed to it are fixed. The elasticity with the head 46 increases. In this case, when the ticket passes between the magnetic head 46 and the rubber roller 49, the urging force of the magnetic head 46 that presses the ticket against the rubber roller 49 decreases.

Further, a pair of locking pieces 84 extend from the magnetic head case 73, and a positioning screw is provided in a screw hole 85 of the locking piece 84.
86 is screwed. As shown in FIGS. 4, 6 and 9, the tip of the positioning screw 86 screwed into the screw hole 85 abuts on the upper end of the wall 87 of the recess that houses the magnetic head block 45. Therefore, turn the set screw 86 to turn the screw hole 85 of the set screw 86.
When the screwing amount into the magnetic head case 73 is increased, the magnetic head case 73 rotates about the shaft 77 in the clockwise direction in FIG. As a result, the position of the magnetic head 46 rises and the gap between the magnetic head 46 and the rubber roller 49 expands. On the contrary, if the screwing amount of the positioning screw 86 into the screw hole 85 is reduced, the magnetic head case 73 becomes
The shaft 77 is rotated counterclockwise in FIG. 6, and the position of the magnetic head 46 is lowered to move the magnetic head 46 and the rubber roller.
The interval with 49 becomes narrower.

Further, the locking claw 76 held by the magnetic head plate 71 is mechanically coupled to a key claw piece 89 having a projection 88 at its tip, and the locking claw 76 is fixed to the magnetic head plate 71.
When it slides on 71, the tip projection 88 of the key claw piece 89 causes the wall 87 on the side opposite to the support shaft 61 of the recess that houses the magnetic head block 45.
9 into the key hole 90 (FIG. 9) of FIG. 9 to lock the magnetic head block 45.

The operator of this magnetic recording device is equipped with a magnetic head.
When 46 is dirty or paper is jammed, slide the lock claw 76 along the surface of the magnetic head plate 71 to disengage the key claw piece 89 from the key hole 90, and then hold the lock claw 76. To rotate the magnetic head block 45 around the support shaft 61 to open the magnetic head block 45 as shown in FIG.
The magnetic head 46 is cleaned and the jammed paper is removed.

After these processes are completed, the operator reversely rotates the magnetic head block 45 around the support shaft 61 and mounts it in the concave portion of the magnetic recording device, and slides the locking claw 76 to move the key claw piece. The tip projection 88 of 89 is inserted into the keyhole 90 and locked to the magnetic recording device so that the magnetic head block 45 does not open.

When it is necessary to adjust the position of the magnetic head 46, etc., the two positioning screws 86 are appropriately rotated to balance the left and right, and the positioning screw 86 protruding from the screw hole 85 of the locking piece 84 is projected. The amount is adjusted to set the gap between the magnetic head 46 and the rubber roller 49. Further, when adjusting the pressure of the magnetic head 46, the two adjusting screws 83 are appropriately rotated to change the distance between the magnetic head plate 71 and the magnetic head case 73 while keeping the left and right balance, and the coil spring 82 is compressed. Adjust the degree.

The process of cleaning and adjusting the magnetic head is executed as necessary in the process of performing the above-mentioned magnetic recording and printing on many paper sheets.

As described above, in this magnetic recording apparatus, the magnetic head block 45 can be exposed to the surface of the apparatus, so that the magnetic head 46 can be easily cleaned and paper jams can be easily dealt with. . Further, since the adjusting means for adjusting the distance between the magnetic head 46 and the rubber roller 49 and the adjusting means for adjusting the pressure of the magnetic head 46 are separately provided, each adjustment can be performed independently. Is easy.

Further, since the drive roller 48 is arranged at a position not facing the magnetic head 46 and the rubber roller 49 is opposed to the magnetic head 46, the distance between the magnetic head 46 and the rubber roller 49 is such that the paper sheet is transported. It is possible to set a wide range within a range in which writing / reading of magnetic recording is possible without considering. Therefore, the magnetic head 46 can soften the impact force received from the end surface of the paper sheet that enters the magnetic head 46.
It is possible to reduce the damage of the paper and the adhesion of the paper material peeled from the ticket paper to the magnetic head 46. Further, since the drive roller 48 conveys the paper sheet between the driven roller 47 and the drive roller 48 while sandwiching the paper sheet in the vicinity of both ends of the paper sheet and in the center thereof, the paper sheet can be stably conveyed.

[0040]

As is apparent from the above description, in the magnetic recording apparatus of the present invention, the magnetic head can be easily cleaned and paper jams can be easily dealt with. In addition, it is easy to adjust the magnetic head to the optimum state, and the ticket can be conveyed accurately. As a result, it is possible to write the data at the correct position on the paper sheet, reduce the contamination of the magnetic head, and avoid damage to the magnetic head.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a magnetic recording device according to an embodiment of the present invention with a magnetic head block open.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a magnetic recording device according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a magnetic recording device according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 4 is a top view of the magnetic head block according to the embodiment of the present invention,

5 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

6 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG.

8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a locked state of the magnetic head block according to the embodiment of the present invention;

10A is a schematic view of a magnetic head block according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 10B is a schematic view showing a driving roller and a driven roller facing the magnetic head block,

FIG. 11 is an exploded schematic view of a magnetic head block according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a conventional supplement ticket issuing machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

21 Ticket storage 22 ticket 23 Paper feed motor 24 slider 26 magnetic head 27 Conveyor roller 29 First passage 31 Second passage 33 Third Passage 34 gate 35 fulcrum 36 switching motor 37 print head 38 Platen roller 41 stepper motor 42 DC motor 43 Feed motor 44 Ticket storage cassette 45 magnetic head block 46 magnetic head 47 Driven roller 48 drive roller 49 rubber roller 50 First Passage 51 second passage 52 First elastic stopper 53 Second elastic stopper 54 Platen roller 55 thermal head 56 Thermal head rotating member 57 spring 59 flapper 60 drive shaft 62 slider 71 magnetic head plate 72 Bottom case 73 magnetic head case 74 bearing 75 bearing 76 lock claw 77 shaft 78 Minor axis 79 holes 80 small holes 81 spring 82 coil spring 83 Adjustment screw 84 Locking piece 85 screw hole 86 set screw 87 wall 88 Tip protrusion 89 key claw pieces 90 keyhole

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A magnetic head block having an arrangement of a magnetic head and a driven roller, and an apparatus main body having an arrangement of a driving roller facing the driven roller and a driving side driven roller facing the magnetic head, The magnetic head block is rotatably mounted on a part of the device body as an axis, and the magnetic head block mounted on the device body is releasable from its mounting position on a part of the device body as a shaft. A magnetic recording device characterized in that. 2. The magnetic recording apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a lock unit that prevents the magnetic head block from being released from the mounting position. 3. The magnetic head block includes a space adjusting means for adjusting a space between the magnetic head and the drive side driven roller, and a pressure adjusting means for adjusting a pressure of the magnetic head with respect to the drive side driven roller. The magnetic recording device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: 4. The driven roller of the magnetic head block is located on both sides and the center of the arrangement of the magnetic head and the driven roller.
The magnetic recording device according to 1. 5. The magnetic recording apparatus according to claim 4, wherein among the driven rollers, at least the driven rollers located on the both sides are urged toward the driving roller. 6. The magnetic according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic head records magnetic data on a single sheet passing between the magnetic head and the driven side driven roller. Recording device. 7. The cut sheet is separated from the driving roller and the driven roller by inertia and deforms the elastic member, and the driving roller reverses the rotation direction in response to the detection result of the cut sheet position detecting means. 7. The magnetic recording apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the cut sheet urged by the repulsive force of the elastic member passes between the driving roller and the driven roller while being reversed.