JP2003111775A - Microscope for surgery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a microscope for surgery which easily changes-over a substance objective optical systems and a single objective optical system in accordance with purpose without moving the microscope and with which binocular vision is performed in the both systems with one binocular lens barrel. SOLUTION: This microscope for surgery 10 is provided with an optical path changeover device 13 for selectively guiding to the binocular lens barrel 12 a light flux from a pair of substance objective optical systems having parallax and a light flux from the single objective optical system without having parallax. The optical axis of the pair of substance objective optical systems is arranged to be spatially symmetrical with the optical axis of the single objective optical system without parallax as a center. The optical axis of an optical systems in a fixation light source 21 exists on the same axis of the optical axis of the single objective optical system without having parallax.

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is particularly suitable for the field of ophthalmology.
It relates to a suitable surgical microscope. 2. Description of the Related Art Cornea such as refractive surgery in ophthalmic surgery
Surgery involves positioning the center of the pupil of the patient's eye (hereinafter
Is called the corneal centering operation).
It is necessary to remove the cornea in a circle centered on the center.
You. Surgery if corneal detachment eccentric from the pupil center is performed
Postoperative progress such as irregular astigmatism later is not desirable. in this way
Because corneal surgery involves fine work, it is performed under a surgical microscope.
Corneal centering work under an operating microscope
It is desirable to carry out at. Corneal centering work
The patient fixes his or her gaze to the fixation lamp image reflected on the cornea.
This is done with one eye of a surgical microscope. [0003] Next, an operation performed by an operator in a corneal transplant operation is described.
A typical cornea centering operation will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
explain. First, as shown in FIG.
Then, set the microscope section 1 of the surgical microscope,
Before the operation, the examinee's eye 7 is stereoscopically observed with both left and right eyes of the operator. This
At the time of surgery, especially the shape of the pupil 2 and the presence or absence of abnormalities in the surgical site
Observe the condition of the part. Next, the fixation lamp 3 built in the microscope unit 1 is
The light is turned on, and the subject's eye 7 is caused to fixate the fixation lamp 3. About
Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the surgeon 8 closes one eye and so on.
The one-side observation optical path of the microscope unit 1 is shielded. And observable
A rainbow in which the observed image of only one capable eye forms the pupil 2 of the subject's eye 7
One-sided light that can be observed so that the center of Aya 4 is clearly visible
The microscope section so that the axis P is perpendicularly incident on the eye 7 to be examined.
Move and tilt 1 For the movement and tilt of the microscope unit 1
As a result, the focus position shifts, so it is necessary to refocus.
There is. At this time, originally, the focal position is set on the cornea 5.
It should be aligned, but the cornea 5 is transparent and the cornea 5
Focus on iris 4 instead
You. Thereafter, the light is reflected on the cornea 5 of the eye 7 to be examined.
The cornea is marked for the virtual image of the fixation lamp 3. Soshi
And cut the cornea 5 in a circle around the marking position 6.
Then, the cornea 5 is peeled off. The reason why this work is performed by a single eye
Means that the microscope unit 1 of the operating microscope is a stereomicroscope.
Observe the right and left eyes of the surgeon 8 when the subject is out of focus
The image has parallax, and the illusion of the fixation lamp 3 reflected on the cornea 5
The image looks like a double image, making it impossible to work accurately
Because. Next, the surgeon 8 switches to binocular stereoscopic observation,
Observation of the microscope unit 1 so that the subject's eye 7 is located at the center of the observation field of view.
Correct the angle, re-focus and adjust the focus position
The cornea to be transplanted is put on the patient's eye and sutured, and the operation is completed. [0008] As described above, the operator must
When performing corneal surgery, a surgical microscope is used.
Focus on the subject's eye with binocular stereovision and observe
Next, with the fixation of the subject's eye obtained,
Perform a tarring operation. After this, the surgical microscope is binocularly
Return to the visual state and observe with a surgical microscope
Take action. At this time, information on the anteroposterior direction of the surgeon and the subject's eye
Work while gaining. Disconnect binocular stereo and monocular
When changing the observation angle of the surgical microscope and changing the focus position
Adjustments are made each time. [0009] Corneal surgery using a conventional surgical microscope
When doing so, there were the following problems. First, surgery
Switch the microscope for use from binocular stereo vision to monocular vision,
Also, the operation to return to the stereoscopic state is the displacement of the surgical microscope,
This is a task that requires focusing, and it is extremely troublesome.
I'm sorry. In addition, the cornea centering work is performed by monocular vision.
Observation of the operator's observation eye and the patient's surgical site
Information in the optical axis direction cannot be obtained. Is the operator careful
To take the time to perform the centering of the cornea
And their workability was extremely poor. Further
In addition, closing one eye increases the operator's fatigue,
Always annoying. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems.
The objective is to use a stereo objective optical system and a single objective
Optical system is easy to use and no need to move the surgical microscope
Can be switched to both, and both can be switched to one binocular tube.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a surgical microscope that allows more binocular vision. [0011] To achieve the above object,
In addition, the surgical microscope of the present invention is used for observation to obtain a stereoscopic observation image.
Binocular eyepiece tube that guides the luminous flux to the left and right eyes of the observer and has parallax
Pair of real objective optics and single objective optics without parallax
To confirm the system and fixation of the eye to be examined and the central position of the cornea
In a surgical microscope equipped with a fixation lamp,
With the parallax and the luminous flux from a pair of
Binocular eyepiece for selectively selecting the light beam from a single objective optical system
An optical path switching means for guiding to the lens barrel is provided.
The optical axis of the pair of real objective optical systems is a single pair with no parallax
Are arranged spatially symmetrically about the optical axis of the object optical system.
And coaxially with the optical axis of the single objective optical system without parallax
The optical system of the fixation lamp has an optical axis. Therefore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the optical path
By turning on / off the switching means, the binoculars
The tube is selectively equipped with the above-mentioned real objective optical system and the above-mentioned single objective optical system.
Can be observed with the left and right eyes of the observer. At this time, single objective light
Because the optical system of the fixation lamp is coaxial with the optical axis of the science system,
For example, aiming at the virtual image of the fixation lamp on the cornea of the subject's eye
Centering work can be performed accurately. Also, the above optical path
When the switching means is turned on / off, the observer receives the above-mentioned actual objective light.
The optical axis of the optical system is spatially centered on the optical axis of the single objective optical system.
Are arranged symmetrically in a line, so that the observation angle of the microscope
No need to change. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (First Embodiment) FIGS.
The operation microscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention
Will be explained. FIG. 1 is a microscope of the surgical microscope according to the present embodiment.
Perspective view, diagram schematically showing each part of the microscopic part separately
2 and 3 are microscopes of the surgical microscope according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view schematically showing a configuration of an optical system in a microscopic unit.
FIG. 2 shows an observation state of a real objective optical system having parallax.
FIG. 3 shows the observation state of the single objective optical system. The microscope of the surgical microscope according to the present embodiment
The unit 10 includes a zoom having a stereo objective optical system and a single objective optical system.
The body 11, the binocular eyepiece tube 12, and light serving as an optical path switching unit
A road switching device 13 and a fixation lamp irradiation device 14 are provided. Light path
The switching device 13 includes a zoom body 11 and a binocular eyepiece tube 12.
The fixation lamp irradiating device 14 is disposed between the
It is located forward. The zoom body 11 has an objective lens 15
First to third variable powers as variable power optical systems of the same configuration
Lens systems 16a, 16b, and 16c are provided, and an objective lens is provided.
The lens 15 converts the light beam incident thereon into an afocal light beam.
Out toward each variable-power lens system 16a, 16b, 16c
I do. The optical axis O of the objective lens 15 and the
The optical axes Lc of the zoom lens systems 16c of the third lens system coincide with each other, and
It's above. Of the first variable power lens system 16a
The optical axis La and the optical axis Lb of the second variable power lens system 16b are centered.
Parallel to the optical axis La of the located third zoom lens system 16c.
Yes, a pair of variable power lens systems symmetrically arranged on the left and right
16a and 16b constitute a substance objective optical system for substance observation.
You. Further, it is arranged coaxially with the optical axis O of the objective lens 15.
The third variable power lens system 16c located at the center
Construct a single objective optical system. The binocular eyepiece tube 12 is a pair of left and right imaging lights.
Science systems 17a, 17b and a pair of left and right eyepieces 18a,
18b, through which parallaxed entity observation is performed.
A binocular eyepiece optical system is configured. The fixation lamp irradiating device 14 includes a fixation lamp 21 and
The illumination light from the fixation lamp 21 is applied to the optical axis of the objective lens 15.
Fixation lamp irradiation optics that irradiates the eye 7 to be examined coaxially with O
A system 22 is provided. Fixation light irradiation optical system 22 is fixation
The lamp irradiation light relay unit 22a and the half mirror unit 22b
The half mirror section 22b is provided with the objective lens 1
5 are set on the optical axis O. And fix the fixation light 21
When illuminated, the illumination light is transmitted through the relay section 22a.
To the mirror part 22b and to the half mirror part 22b.
More reflected in the direction coinciding with the optical axis O of the objective lens 15
And emits illumination light toward the eye 7 to be examined.
You. The optical path switching device 13 is fixedly arranged.
Provided main body 25. In the main body 25, the objective lens
A rotating body 26 is rotatably assembled around the optical axis O of the lens 15
No. The main body 25 has the first to third zoom ratios of the zoom main body 11.
Optical axes La, Lb, L of lens systems 16a, 16b, 16c
c and openings 27a, 2
7b and 27c are provided. The rotating body 26 incorporated in the main body 25
2 can correspond to the apertures 27a and 27b.
Corresponding to the pair of openings 30a and 30b and the opening 27c.
Hole 30c and the rotating body 26 corresponding to the opening 20c.
Beam splitter 31 installed on the rotation axis of
Have been. The beam splitter 31 receives the third variable power
Of the lens system 16c into reflected light and transmitted light, for example,
It has the function of dividing into two equal parts, and the reflected light is reflected on the optical axis Lc.
Emitted at right angles, transmitted light is transmitted along optical axis Lc
I do. In the position shown in FIG.
The afocal luminous flux from the double lens systems 16a and 16b is
Openings 27a and 27b respectively correspond to corresponding holes 3
0a, 30b toward the binocular eyepiece tube 12
Also penetrates. The corresponding hole 30c from the opening 27c
Third variable power lens incident on beam splitter 31
The light beam from the system 16c is separated by the beam splitter 31.
It is split into reflected light and transmitted light, but in the state of FIG.
As described above, the light path switching of the light emitted toward the mirror
Binocular eyepiece
It does not reach the lens barrel 12. As shown in FIG. 3, the rotating body 26
Light beam transmitted by the beam splitter 31 is reflected to the side
And the first mirror 32 reflected by the first mirror 32
The light beam is further reflected toward the right imaging optical system 17a.
The light is reflected by the second mirror 33 and the beam splitter 31.
A third light beam reflected toward the left imaging optical system 17b.
A mirror 34 is provided. That is, the unit shown in FIG.
In the observation state, the second mirror 33 and the third mirror 34
Corresponds to the left and right imaging optics 17a, 17b respectively
The beam transmitted through the beam splitter 31 is focused on the right side.
The light enters the optical system 17a, and is
The reflected light flux is made incident on the left imaging optical system 17b.
For this reason, those images are stored in the binocular eyepiece tube 12.
At the same time, binocular observation without parallax is possible and single observation is possible.
You. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
A locking hole consisting of two conical holes on the side surface of the rolling element 26
36a and 36b are the rotation axes of the rotating body 26 (coincide with the optical axis O)
It is provided at a position deviated by about 90 degrees around it. Also book
The locking holes 36a and 36b are located on the body 25 side.
At this time, it falls into the locking holes 36a and 36b and is locked.
A ball 37 is provided. This ball 37 is a spring 3
8, elastically urged toward the locking holes 36a and 36b.
When the lock holes 36a and 36b face each other,
The rotary body 26 is fitted and locked in the stop holes 36a and 36b.
The rotation position is determined. Further, the rotating body 26 has an operation for switching the optical path.
A lever 41 is fixedly attached. This light path cut
The replacement operation lever 41 is provided in the slot 4 formed in the main body 25.
2 protrudes out of the main body 25. And this
2 is rotated by the operation lever 41 of FIG.
And locking holes 36a or 36b at respective positions shown in FIG.
The ball 37 falls into and is locked by the rotating body 2 at that position.
Hold 6. Next, the operation microscope according to the present embodiment will be described.
The operation will be described. First, the surgeon 8 examines the microscope with an operating microscope.
Bring the microscopic part 10 onto the patient's eye 7 to be examined
The tilt (observation angle) adjustment and the focus adjustment of 10 are performed.
In the stereoscopic observation state shown in FIG.
The light beam passing through the second variable power optical systems 10a and 10b is
Openings 27a, 27b and holes 30 in the rotating body 26
a, 30b, a pair of left and right imaging optical systems 17a, 1
7b, a pair of left and right eyepieces 1
8a and 18b enable stereoscopic observation. And pupil 2
The shape of the surgery, the presence or absence of abnormalities in the surgical site, and the condition of the surgical site.
Observe. Next, the central position of the pupil 2 of the cornea 5 of the eye 7 to be examined
Enter the work to determine the position. The surgeon 8 operates the optical path switching operation lever.
The rotating body 26 is moved to the objective lens by operating
The optical axis O is rotated about 90 degrees around the fifteen optical axes O. At this time,
The ball 27 fitted in the locking hole 36a pushes the spring 38
Raised, the rotating body 26 can rotate. And abbreviations
The ball 27 fits into the locking hole 36b at the position rotated by 90 degrees.
The position of the rotating body 26 in the rotating direction is determined. Next, the fixation lamp 21 of the fixation lamp irradiation device 14 is
The patient turns on the fixation lamp 21 to fixate the image of the fixation lamp 21.
In a state where the fixation is obtained, the inclination of the microscope unit 10 is not shown.
The iris 4 and focus on the cornea 5
At the marking position 6 aiming at the virtual image of the fixation lamp 21
Perform centering work to mark. At this time, fixation
The image of the lamp 21 passes through the fixation lamp irradiation optical system 22 and is the same as the optical axis O.
The light is emitted to the eye 7 to be examined. The luminous flux from the eye 7 is
Lens 15, the third variator lens system 16 c and the aperture 27 c.
As described above, the light beam is split by the beam splitter 31 and
The excess light is reflected by the first mirror 32 and the second mirror 33.
The light enters the imaging optical system 17a on the right side of the binocular eyepiece tube 12.
You. The light beam reflected by the beam splitter 31 is
The light enters the left imaging optical system 17b by the third mirror 34.
You. Thereby, a pair of left and right eyepieces of the binocular eyepiece tube 12
The stereoscopic observation without parallax is performed by the zoom lenses 18a and 18b.
When there is no parallax between the left and right observation images,
Even in this case, the image of the fixation lamp 21 does not appear double.
No. Therefore, accurate centering work can be performed.
You. In this way, accurate centering work is performed.
After finishing the marking at the marking position,
In order to perform the treatment of the subject's eye 7, the optical path switching lever 41 is
Move to the original position and rotate the rotator 26 to the optical axis of the objective lens 15
Rotate about 90 degrees around O and return to the original position. Do
And a pair of left and right first zoom lens systems 16a and a second zoom lens.
A real objective optical system using the double lens system 16b is constructed,
Becomes the entity observation state. Surgery is performed in this entity observation state.
U. According to the present embodiment, a simple switching operation
(Objective light with parallax due to (rotary lever switching)
Single objective optical system that does not have parallax with the observation state using a scientific system
Can be switched to the single objective optical system observation state using
Wear. Also, the microscope unit 10 of the surgical microscope is moved.
It is possible to switch the observation state without
In addition, both observation states are controlled by one binocular eyepiece tube 12.
Binocular vision is possible. This reduces operator fatigue
In addition, the operation time can be reduced. (Second Embodiment) Referring to FIG. 4 and FIG.
A surgical microscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
You. Here, parts different from the above-described first embodiment will be described.
The description will be given in mind, and the equivalent configuration and operation will be omitted. In this embodiment, the zoom constituting the microscope section 10 is shown.
Large-aperture zoom lens 50 used for zoom optical system of camera body 11
Was. In addition, a fixation is performed on the output optical axis of the fixation lamp irradiation device 14.
A wavelength cut filter that transmits only a specific wavelength of the lamp 21
51 are provided. In addition, this fixation lamp 21 and wavelength cut
Laser light source etc. instead of combination of filter 51
A light source emitting a single wavelength may be used. The main body 25 of the optical path switching device 13 includes
First opening 52 for determining the observation optical axis of zoom body 11
a, a second opening 52b and a third opening 52c are provided.
ing. Here, the first opening 52a and the second opening 52
b denotes a pair of left and right imaging optical systems 17a of the binocular eyepiece tube 12,
17b and each are arranged coaxially.
The optical path of a pair of right and left solid objective optical systems is formed.
The third opening 52c located at the center is the objective lens 1
5 is arranged coaxially with the optical axis O of
Constitutes a single objective optical system. Also, the first opening
Waves 52a and 52b cut specific wavelengths, respectively.
Long cut filters 53a and 53b are arranged.
The wavelength cut filters 53a and 53b irradiate a fixation lamp.
Single wave transmitted through the wavelength cut filter 51 of the device 14
This filter does not transmit the same wavelength as the length. Further, the optical path switching device 13 includes
A first beam splitter that substantially divides reflected light and transmitted light into two equal parts
-55, the second beam splitter 56 and the third beam
A beam splitter 57 is provided, and these beam splitters are provided.
The heaters 55, 56, 57 are provided with the first opening 52a described above,
At the positions of the second opening 52b and the third opening 52c, respectively.
They are individually arranged correspondingly. The first beam splitter 55 and the second beam splitter 55
The transmitted light of the beam splitter 56 is the binocular eyepiece tube 1
It is located on the optical axis of a pair of left and right imaging optical systems 17a and 17b.
They are arranged so as to be incident respectively. Also located in the center
The light beam transmitted by the third beam splitter 57
The first beam splitter on the right side is reflected by the first mirror 58.
To the first beam splitter 55.
The light flux reflected by the lens is formed into one of the imaging optics of the binocular eyepiece tube 12.
The light enters the system 17a. In addition, the third via located in the center
The light beam reflected by the beam splitter 57 is the second beam on the left side.
Beam splitter 56, and the second beam splitter
The light reflected by the liter 56 is reflected by the other end of the binocular eyepiece tube 12.
The light enters the image optical system 17b. And the binocular eyepiece tube 12
The same image is formed by a pair of left and right imaging optical systems 17a and 17b.
Observation without parallax is possible with binoculars. Further, the optical path switching device 13 has an optical path
A switching shutter mechanism 60 is incorporated. This
The shutter mechanism 60 of FIG.
Liters 55, 56, 57 and holes 52a, 52b, 52
c, which are arranged in a space region between the light beams and block respective light beams.
The movable light shielding plate 61 is provided. This light shielding plate 61
Is formed in a V-shape as shown in FIG.
The solenoid 6 is a light shielding plate driving means with
2 is rotated. The solenoid 62 controls the controller 6
The control is performed so as to be turned ON / OFF at 2 seconds at 3.
As shown in FIG. 5, the light shielding plate 61 is provided with the holes 52a, 52a.
The position shown by the solid line that simultaneously shields b
Construction position) and two dotted lines that shield only the hole 52c.
Position (the position where the single objective optical system is constructed)
2 in accordance with the rotation drive. Next, the surgical microscope according to the present embodiment will be described.
A description will be given of the effect. The surgeon 8 uses an operating microscope
When performing centering work on the eye 7
21 is turned on, and work is performed with fixation of the subject's eye 7 obtained.
Do. At this time, the luminous flux from the fixation lamp 21 has a wavelength cutoff.
Inspection via the fixation lamp irradiation optical system 22 via the filter 51
The luminous flux reaches the eye 7. Therefore, the irradiation light flux of the fixation lamp 21
Is a single wavelength of only a certain wavelength. Next, the control unit 63 of the shutter mechanism 60
Is turned on, and the solenoid 62 is driven. Solenoi
When the switch 62 is in the ON state, the light shielding plate 61
It moves to a position that covers 2a and the second opening 52b. Also,
When in the OFF state, only the third opening 52c is covered.
Return to place. The control unit 63 supplies a current to the solenoid 62, for example.
The ON state is 2 seconds, and the OFF state is 2 seconds.
And repeat this regularly. For this reason, the ON state
Only the first opening 52a and the second opening 52b are light shielding plates.
Covered and hidden by 61 (position shown by solid line in FIG. 5), OFF
In the state, only the third opening 52c is covered.
(Positions indicated by two-dot chain lines in FIG. 5). The luminous flux from the eye 7 to be inspected is
One from the zoom body 11 via the aperture zoom lens 50
Out of the first to third openings 52a, 52a
After passing through 2b and 35c, it is split into three light beams,
The light enters the changing device 13. Then, the first opening 52a and the
The two luminous fluxes that have passed through the second opening 52b are
The third aperture is observed as a body objective optical system.
The light beam passing through 52c is observed as a single objective optical system.
It is. Here, the communication of the control unit 63 to the solenoid 62 is performed.
Only when the signal is OFF, the luminous flux passing through the first opening 52a
Passes through the wavelength cut filter 53a and passes through the first beam path.
The light incident on the pretter 55 is transmitted through the binocular eyepiece tube 1
2 enters the imaging lens optical system 17a on the right side, and
The light beam that has passed through the second opening 52b is
3b, is incident on the second beam splitter 56,
The transmitted light is the imaging lens optics on the left side of the binocular eyepiece tube 12.
The light enters the system 17b. However, both the left and right wavelength cut filters described above
Reference numerals 53a and 53b denote wavelength cutoff wavelengths of the fixation lamp irradiation device 14.
Transmits only the same wavelength as the single wavelength transmitted through the filter 51
The fixation lamp 2 from the eye 7 to be examined
1 does not enter the binocular eyepiece tube 12 and the fixation lamp 21
Is not observed. In other words, it is actually observed
In this state, the image of the fixation lamp 21 does not enter the eyes. The control unit 63 sends a signal to the solenoid 62.
When the signal is ON, the light beam passing through the third opening 52c is
The beam enters the third beam splitter 57. This third video
The light beam transmitted through the beam splitter 57 is
8 and is incident on the first beam splitter 55.
The light is reflected by the first beam splitter 55. this
The light beam reflected by the first beam splitter 55 is binocular
The light enters the imaging optical system 17a on the right side of the eyepiece tube 12. Ma
The light beam reflected by the third beam splitter 57 is
Of the second beam splitter 56 and the second beam splitter 56.
The luminous flux reflected by the muscle splitter 56 is the binocular eyepiece tube 1
2 is incident on the left imaging optical system 17b. In other words, fixation
Observation with a single objective optical system for observing the image of the lamp 21
You. As described above, the signal to the solenoid 62 is
At the time of N-OFF, the light shielding plate 61 is used at intervals of 2 seconds.
Observation with a single objective optical system for observing the image of the fixation lamp 21;
Observation with a real objective optical system that cannot observe the image of the eye lamp 21
Will be repeated. As described above, according to the present embodiment,
In addition to the effects of the first embodiment,
Repeating stereoscopic and monocular optical observations with motion
Can be. Therefore, work can be performed while obtaining information in the front-rear direction.
it can. Also, because there is no movement of optical parts, it is compact.
And quick switching is performed. (Third Embodiment) A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The surgical microscope according to the third embodiment will be described. First
Only the parts different from the second embodiment and the embodiment will be described.
However, the description of the equivalent configuration and operation is omitted.
You. The zoom body of the microscope section 10 according to the present embodiment.
11 and the binocular eyepiece tube 12 are the same as in the second embodiment described above.
Therefore, the description thereof is omitted. In addition, fixation lamp irradiation device
Reference numeral 14 denotes a first polarizing plate 71 disposed in the fixation lamp irradiation optical system 22.
The luminous flux of the fixation lamp 21 is thus polarized.
The light beam becomes a transverse wave and irradiates the subject's eye 7. The optical path switching device 13 has a pair of left and right
Entrance holes 72a and 72b constituting a real objective optical system, and
An entrance hole 72c constituting a single objective optical system is provided.
You. Only the longitudinal wave of the polarized light component is provided in each of the incident holes 72a and 72b.
The second polarizing plates 73a and 73b that transmit light are provided.
You. The incident hole 72c is the second hole that transmits only the transverse wave of the polarization component.
Three polarizing plates 74 are provided. Incident hole 72a
On the optical axis passing through the emission hole 72c, there is a polarized light that is transmitted by electrical control.
A transmissive liquid crystal polarizer 75 whose light component can be changed freely is provided.
The transmission type liquid crystal polarizing plate 75 is provided to the control unit 76.
It is controlled and driven. This control unit 76 is the microscope unit 10
It is located at a distance from the building. In the optical path switching device 13,
A mirror 77 is provided on the optical axis of the hole 72c.
The vertical deflection component is transmitted on the optical axis of the emission hole 72a, and the horizontal deflection component is transmitted.
A deflection beam splitter 78 for reflecting light components is provided.
Have been. Next, the operation microscope according to the present embodiment will be described.
The operation will be described. Fixation light 2 for centering work
1 is turned on. At this time, the luminous flux of the fixation
1 through the polarizing plate 71, and becomes a light beam of a horizontal polarization component.
The subject's eye 7 is irradiated. The light beam from the subject's eye 7
A single large-diameter light beam exits through the aperture zoom lens 50.
This is because three light beams are incident on the entrance holes 72a, 72b and 72c.
Divide into bundles. The light beam passing through the entrance hole 72a is polarized.
After passing through the optical plate 73a, it becomes a light flux of a vertically polarized component,
Through a polarizing plate 75 and a polarizing beam splitter 78.
The light enters the imaging optical system 17a on the right side of the eyepiece tube 12.
The light beam passing through the entrance hole 72b passes through the polarizing plate 73b.
It becomes a luminous flux of a vertical polarization component, and is on the left side of the binocular eyepiece tube 12.
The light enters the imaging optical system 17b. Further, the light passes through the entrance hole 72c.
The luminous flux passes through the polarizing plate 74 and becomes a luminous flux of a horizontal polarization component.
And a mirror 77 and a deflecting beam through a transmissive liquid crystal polarizing plate 75.
To the right of the binocular eyepiece tube 12
Incident on the imaging optical system 17a on the side. The transmission type liquid crystal polarizing plate 75 is controlled by the control unit 76.
The polarization direction can be controlled freely, but first,
When control is performed so that only the light component is transmitted, the incident hole 72
The light beam passing through a enters the binocular eyepiece tube 12,
At this time, the light beam passing through the incident hole 72c is
5 does not pass through, so that the normal observation state
It can be used as a body objective optical system. In order to transmit only the horizontal polarized light component,
When the transmission type liquid crystal polarizing plate 75 is controlled,
c passes through the binocular eyepiece tube 12
The light beam from the hole 72a passes through the transmission type liquid crystal polarizing plate 75.
And does not enter the binocular eyepiece tube 12. On the other hand, the incident hole 72
The luminous flux passing through b is always in the optical path on one side of the binocular eyepiece tube 12.
Incident. However, during the centering work, the operator 8
However, by selecting the control by the control unit 76,
As in the second embodiment, the optical path is switched in a fixed time.
When the work is done without switching,
It is possible to select one of the cases to proceed. According to the present embodiment, the second embodiment described above
In addition to the effect of the condition, centering work while always stereoscopically viewing
Can be switched according to the operator's preference.
Also, since there is no movement of any parts, further miniaturization
Can be achieved. The present invention is limited to the above-described embodiments.
However, the present invention can be applied to other forms. Ma
According to the above description, the items listed below and
Any combination of the items listed below can be obtained.
You. <Supplementary notes> Supplementary notes 1. Luminous flux to the left and right eyes of the observer to obtain a stereoscopic image
Binocular eyepiece tube and a pair of stereo objectives with parallax
Science system, single objective optical system without parallax, and fixation of the subject's eye
And a fixation lamp for confirming the central position of the cornea
In an operating microscope, the luminous flux from the stereoscopic objective optical system
The binocular eyepiece tube selectively selects the light flux from the single objective optical system
Optical path switching means for guiding the light to the left
The right optical axis is centered on the optical axis of the single objective optical system without parallax
Are arranged spatially symmetrically in the
The optical axis and the optical axis of the fixation lamp illuminating the subject's eye are arranged substantially coaxially
An operating microscope characterized by being performed. Appendix 2. A pair of real objects with the above parallax
The optical system can freely select two positions of the light beam of the observation optical system.
Uses a large-aperture zoom lens optical system that enables stereoscopic observation
2. The surgical microscope according to claim 1, wherein Appendix 3 The optical path switching means uses a polarizing element.
The surgical microscope according to any one of appendices 1 and 2, characterized in that: Appendix 4 The optical path switching means may be the actual objective optical system.
These light beams and the light beam from the single objective optical system are repeated in a fixed time.
Control means for switching back and forth
The surgical microscope according to any one of the above 1 to 3. According to the present invention, a single objective optical system and a single objective optical system can be used.
Object optics are simple and move the operating microscope depending on the application.
And both can be switched to one binocular tube
Because it allows binocular vision, the fatigue of the operator can be reduced,
The operation time can be reduced. In addition, with the objective optical system
Fewer components move when switching the single objective optical system.
For this reason, it can be configured to be small and secure operation space.
And the operator's workability is good.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a microscope section of a surgical microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which each section is separated. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an observation state of a stereoscopic objective optical system having parallax schematically showing a configuration of an optical system in a microscope unit of the surgical microscope according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a single objective optical system observation state schematically showing a configuration of an optical system in a microscope unit of the surgical microscope according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a configuration of an optical system in a microscope section of the operating microscope according to the second embodiment. FIG. 5 is a plan view of a shutter mechanism in a microscope section of the surgical microscope according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of an optical system in a microscope unit of a surgical microscope according to a third embodiment, in a state of observation of a stereoscopic objective optical system having parallax. FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a conventional operation for centering a surgical microscope on a cornea. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of marking a cornea using a conventional surgical microscope. [Description of Signs] O: Optical axis Lc: Optical axis La: Optical axis Lb: Optical axis 10: Microscope unit 11: Zoom body 12: Binocular eyepiece tube 14: Fixation lamp irradiation device 15: Objective lens 16a: Magnification Lens system 16b: variable magnification lens system 16c: variable magnification optical system 17a ... imaging optical system 17b ... imaging optical system 21 ... fixation lamp 22 ... fixation lamp irradiation optical system 22b ... half mirror unit 25 ... body 26 ... rotation Body 31: Beam splitter

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A binocular eyepiece tube for guiding a light beam to the left and right eyes of an observer to obtain a stereoscopic observation image, a pair of real objective optical systems having parallax, and a single object having no parallax. In an operating microscope equipped with an objective optical system and a fixation lamp for confirming the fixation of the eye to be examined and the center position of the cornea, a light beam from the stereo objective optical system and a light beam from the single objective optical system are selected. Optical path switching means for guiding to the binocular eyepiece tube, the left and right optical axes of the real objective optical system are arranged spatially symmetric about the optical axis of the single objective optical system having no parallax, An operating microscope, wherein the optical axis of the single objective optical system and the optical axis of the fixation lamp irradiating the eye to be examined are substantially coaxial.