JP2003102328A - Method for feeding to beef cattle and feed for beef cattle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide both a method for feeding to beef cattle by which beef quality or productivity can be improved by making the beef cattle in group feeding ingest a feed of a good nutritional balance with slight labor and the feed for the beef cattle. SOLUTION: The feed is supplied to the beef cattle in the group feeding on a stall 2 by cutting and mixing a roughage and a concentrated feed and then supplying the resultant mixed feed to a feed tank 4. The mixing ratio of the roughage in the former period of fattening is 20-30% and the mixing ratio of the roughage in the latter period of the fattening is 10-20%.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a feeding method and feed suitable for beef cattle to be group-fed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, the feed for beef cattle such as Wagyu and F1 is classified into rough feed such as rice straw and grass, and concentrated feed such as corn, barley and soybean meal. Since the content of nutrients and fiber is different between roughage and concentrate,
By mixing both feeds at an appropriate ratio and feeding them to beef cattle, meat quality and productivity are improved. Among the forages, there are Hay Cube, Russan, Timothy, Sudan, Bagasse (squeezed lees of sugar cane). Therefore, when feeding, rice straw and grass are combined as roughage, and the ratio of roughage and concentrated feed is adjusted to control the amount of fiber and protein, calorie and the like.
For example, in the early period of fattening, the total forage is about 2.5 kg with a combination of rice straw and hay cube, and the forage is 3.5-
4.5 kg, rice straw is about 1.5 in the late stage of fattening
About 6.5 kg of concentrated feed (different in composition from those in the previous period of fattening) is fed (1 pig / day).

Since the rough feed and the concentrated feed are so different in shape from each other that they have not been fed at the same time in the past, either the rough feed or the concentrated feed is first placed in the kennel of the barn, and when the beef has finished eating the other feed. Feeding is a common feeding method. Concentrated feed may be prepared by automatically feeding a mixture of a plurality of feed ingredients in advance, but rough feeds are manually fed one by one.

[0004]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the case of so-called group breeding in which a plurality of beef cattle are put in one beef and fattened, in the conventional feeding method as described above, the intake ratio of the feed ingredients of the individual beef cattle is adjusted. It was difficult to manage. This is because the roughage and the concentrated feed are fed separately, so that a beef cattle that ingests a large amount of the roughage and a beef cat that ingests a large amount of the concentrated feed are likely to occur. Particularly, bagasse has high palatability, and strong beef cattle in one herd sometimes eat it exclusively. Therefore, even if the rough feed and the concentrated feed are fed in a well-balanced manner in order to improve the meat quality and productivity, the effect cannot be obtained as expected, and there are individual differences in the meat quality within one herd, There were cases where beef cattle could not get enough feed at the finishing stage of fattening due to the loss of nutritional balance of solids, resulting in reduced productivity.
In particular, if the ratio of intake of roughage in the early period of fattening is low, there is also a problem that diseases such as rumen adosis, chewing and urolithiasis are more likely to occur.

Further, although the roughage was manually fed, the roughage is delivered in a solid bundle such as a roll bale or a compact bale, and therefore, it must be loosened and placed in a feeding tank when feeding. I had to do it. Considering that the concentrated feed is separately fed, it has been a considerable burden in terms of time and labor to feed the feed into the tank at least twice in one feeding operation.

Therefore, the present invention takes these points into consideration,
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for feeding beef cattle, which enables improvement of meat quality and productivity by allowing a group beef cattle to take feed having good nutritional balance with little labor, and a feed for beef cattle.

[0007]

The method for feeding beef cattle according to the invention of claim 1 is a method in which roughage and concentrated feed are cut (chopped) and mixed with beef cattle to be group-fed on a beef bed. It is characterized in that it is supplied to the feeding tank and fed.
This feeding method can be carried out smoothly by using, for example, an apparatus for cutting and mixing feeding materials. Claim 2
It is preferable to use the self-propelled feed feeder described in 1., but after cutting and mixing the feed with a mechanical device (including those without a self-propelled function), it can be used manually by workers without running the device. This method can also be carried out by supplying it to the feed tank by feeding.

According to this method, the feed ingredients used for the rough feed and the concentrated feed to be fed to the beef cattle are mixed in advance and then fed to the feeding tank, so that the particular feed ingredients are not biased to the particular beef cattle. In other words, even in the case of group feeding, all the beef cattle in one cow bed will ingest each feed ingredient at almost the same ratio. As a result, it becomes possible to collectively control the nutritional balance of beef cattle, and it is possible to reduce differences in individual meat quality of beef cattle. Moreover, since the nutritional balance is good, the morbidity rate against diseases such as rumen adosis is reduced, and productivity is improved.

Since the rough feed and the concentrated feed are mixed and then fed, the feeding work, which was conventionally required at least twice, can be performed once, and the time and labor required for the work can be saved.

Furthermore, it was found that this method can reduce the ratio of roughage by about 20% as compared with the conventional method. In the conventional feeding method, the roughage wasted because it was spilled from the feeding tank or drawn into the beef. However, in the feeding method according to the present invention, the roughage and the concentrated feed are cut and mixed in advance and supplied. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the intake of roughage. Therefore, the effect of saving the extra cost for the rough feed to be supplied in a large amount was obtained.

[0011] As in the method for feeding beef cattle according to the second aspect of the invention, the feed is prepared by moving a self-propelled feed feeder that cuts and mixes the feed ingredients and discharges them into the feed tank (above-mentioned). It is even better to provide roughage and concentrate).

According to this method, a person engaged in the feeding operation puts all the feed ingredients into the feed feeder at an appropriate ratio at the time of feeding, and moves them once along the feeding tank. Just enough. Therefore, the time and labor required for the work are significantly reduced. Moreover, since the burden does not change much even if the types of roughage to be fed are increased, it is possible to provide beef cattle with a feed having an optimal nutritional balance.

Further, according to this method, even grass having a hard shaft can be finely cut by mechanical force, so that the same grass as that of an adult cow can be supplied to a calf having only a thin shaft and having only the most cut grass. Therefore, it is not necessary to prepare a separate feed for calves, and the time and labor required for feeding can be reduced. In addition, the grass that was cut most had the inconvenience that the supply in the market was not stable, but this method also eliminates the inconvenience in terms of availability.

Further, as in the method for feeding beef cattle according to the third aspect of the present invention, beef cattle having a similar growth period (for example, a month difference within 3 months) are group-housed in one beef,
It is advisable to change the mixing ratio of roughage and concentrated feed according to the growing season of those beef cattle.

According to this method, the optimum nutrition and calorie intake ratios for each growing season can be collectively controlled in cow bed units, which is efficient. For example, if a beef cattle in the early fattening period is fed with a feed having a sufficient mixture of vitamins and not receiving too much concentrated feed, every beef cattle will consume the feed at that ratio. As a result, any beef cattle can be grown into a beef cattle that is resistant to disease and has a good feed intake during the finishing stage of fattening. Similarly,
When feed with a high ratio of concentrated feed is supplied to the beef cattle in the late fattening stage, every beef can have sufficient calorie intake in the same beef, so it is possible to improve meat quality and productivity in each beef. it can.

[0016] Particularly, as in the method for feeding beef cattle according to the invention of claim 4, the mixing ratio of the forage in the early fattening period (ratio of the forage to the total amount of the forage / concentrate) is 20.
-30% (desirably 22-27%, especially around 25%), and the mixing ratio of roughage in the late stage of fattening is 10-
20% (desirably 12 to 17%, especially around 15%)
It is preferable that

This ratio is set so that the content of the roughage is smaller than that of the conventional one (and therefore economically), based on the fact that the intake of the roughage is small as described above. In the early period of fattening, if the amount of roughage to be fed is smaller than this ratio, there is a possibility that beef cattle will be vulnerable to diseases due to lack of fiber and the bite will be poor at the finishing stage of fattening. There is a risk that the growth of cattle will be suppressed due to lack of feed. On the other hand, in the latter stage of fattening,
It is a period to increase the weight of carcass by giving as much concentrated feed as possible to beef cattle, but if the ratio of concentrated feed is less than the above, caloric tends to be insufficient, and if the ratio of concentrated feed exceeds the above, beef cattle will digestive organs. It tends to cause poor health, which may result in reduced meat quality and productivity.

The beef cattle feed according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the roughage feed and the concentrated feed are cut (chopped) and mixed at a ratio suitable for feeding. When this feed is fed to a group of beef cattle, the same effect as the invention according to claim 1 is obtained. This is because the roughage and concentrated feed in a mixed state will be fed.

Particularly, as the beef cattle feed in the early fattening period, the mixing ratio of the rough feed is 20 to 30% as in the invention of claim 6.
(Desirably 22 to 27%, especially around 25%). If the ratio of the roughage fed in the early period of fattening is less than this value, the beef cattle may be more likely to get sick or may not eat well at the finishing stage of fattening. This is because the growth of beef may be suppressed. Since the roughage and the concentrated feed are mixed and fed, the nutritional balance can be improved,
It also has the advantage of reducing roughage because there is almost no pulling into the beef.

The feed for beef cattle at the late stage of fattening is defined in claim 7.
It is preferable to set the mixing ratio of the roughage to 10 to 20% (desirably 12 to 17%, especially about 15%) as in the invention. If the ratio of concentrated feed is lower than this, calorie tends to be inadequate, and on the contrary, if the ratio of concentrated feed exceeds the above, beef cattle are likely to have digestive disorders, and as a result meat quality and productivity may decrease. . Since the roughage and the concentrated feed are mixed and fed, the nutritional balance can be enhanced, and there is also the advantage that the roughage can be reduced because there is almost no pulling into the cattle bed.

[0021]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Beef cattle produced in Mie Prefecture (Matsusaka beef)
An embodiment of the invention using the "Japanese Black Cattle" cows and steers is introduced below with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 are a plan view and a sectional view, respectively, of a barn for fattening beef cattle by the feeding method according to the invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the cowshed 1 has a frontage of about 5
There are 2 beef beds (12 beds) with a depth of 8 m and a depth of about 8 m, and one side of them is a width of about 2 m so that a cutting mixer car 5 (a small car that can chop, mix and supply feed, commonly known as Mixtron) can run. Passage 3 is provided. Between the beef bed 2 and the passage 3, as shown in FIG. 2, a feeding basin 4 is formed which is lowered by one step to receive the feed supplied from the cutting mixer truck 5. Compost and rice husks are spread over the beef floor 2 to reduce the burden on the legs of the beef cattle. A water drinker 2 a is provided on the side facing the passage 3.

The cutting mixer car 5 is provided with a compounding box 6 having a rotary blade (not shown) incorporated therein, an automatic weighing device (not shown), a feed outlet 7, and the like. As a procedure for feeding, first, before feeding, feed material is fed into the mixing box 6 in an amount necessary for one feeding, and the feed blade is turned on by moving the rotary blade. Cut and mix. Next, the cutting mixer truck 5 is operated to drive the passage 3 in front of the beef bed 2 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1, and an appropriate amount of feed is sequentially fed from the feed outlet 7 to the feeding basin 4 using an automatic weighing device. Supply. Therefore, a worker engaged in the work does not have to loosen the roll-shaped roughage, and after feeding the feed ingredients into the blending box 6, the feed mixed with the roughage and the concentrated feed is simply operated by operating the cutting mixer car 5. Can be supplied to the feeding tank 4. By this feeding method,
The time required for feeding is reduced to about 1/5 as compared with the conventional feeding method.

Eight beef cattle can be housed and group-housed in one beef bed 2. The beef cattle can move freely in the cattle bed 2, and when feed is supplied to the feeding tank 4, eight beefs are arranged side by side toward the frontage. Therefore, since one beef cattle on the beef 2 eats the mixed feed at the same ratio, nutritional balance and calories can be managed even in group feeding.

Since the roughage is also chopped and mixed into the same size as the concentrated feed, the beef cattle use the roughage.
Therefore, the cost of wasted forage can be saved.

The amount of feed fed will be described below. The roughage raw materials (rice straw, hay cube, bagasse, etc.) fed in the early fattening period (August to 16th) are about 1.7kg per day per day, and concentrated feed ingredients (bran, wheat flour, rapeseed meal). , Corn flakes, barley flakes, corn cob meal, molasses, beer lees, glucose, etc.) is about 6.5 kg. Late fattening (16 postnatal
The raw material for raw feed (rice straw) fed from the month to 28th month is 0.9 to 1.2 kg, and the raw material for concentrated feed (bran, wheat flour,
Barley flakes, corn flakes, defatted rice bran, etc.) is 6.6 to 8.5 kg. According to the conventional feeding method, the roughage to be fed in the first period of fattening is 2.5 kg per head per day, and the same is 1.5 kg in the latter period of fattening (the amount of concentrated feed is the same as the above in both the early and late fattening periods). Compared with this, it can be seen that the ratio of the forage is reduced by 20% or more.

The meat quality and carcass weight of the beef cattle fed by such a feeding method were compared with those of the beef cattle fed by the conventional feeding method. The measurements were performed by Yokkaichi Livestock Corporation in Mie Prefecture. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Table 1]

In Table 1, the name of the shipper "A" indicates the farm where the feeding method according to the invention was applied, and "B" to "E" indicate the farms which were fattened by the conventional feeding method. "Lost" is a steer, "female"
Is a female cow. “Grading” and “BMS” are the grades of meat quality. In the former, A5 is the highest grade and A4 is the second highest, and in the latter, the larger the number, the better. Point All three beef cattle at A ranch have a rating of A4 and a high BMS, indicating that they were able to produce beef cattle with no difference in meat quality at a high level not seen on other farms. The unit price of carcass is therefore highly evaluated at about 1850 yen / kg on average, compared to about 1500 yen / kg on other farms.

Further, the average shipping month is about 30.
Despite being about 28.4 months earlier than March,
The carcass weight is sufficiently high, and it can be seen that the productivity of the feeding method according to the invention is high when the total amount of feed to be fed is taken into consideration.

Although not shown in the data, the morbidity rate against rumen adosis, chewing, urolithiasis, etc. was 2-3% in beef cattle fed by the conventional feeding method. It should be noted that the result of beef cattle fattened by the method was 0% (0 for 200 steers).

In the above example, the pre-fat period refers to the age of 8 to 16 months after birth, and the post-fertility period refers to the period from 16 months to 28 months of age, but the growth rate and the slaughter month differ depending on the beef cattle. The composition and feeding period of the prepared feed are not limited to this period.

[0032]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the method for feeding beef cattle according to claim 1, 1) it becomes possible to manage the nutritional balance and calories of beef cattle even in group feeding, and the individual difference in meat quality of beef cattle becomes small. . 2) Beef cattle are less likely to get sick and productivity is improved. 3) Only one feeding operation is required, and the time and labor required for the operation can be reduced. 4) Since the ratio of roughage can be reduced by about 20% compared to the past,
The cost of roughage can be saved.

According to the method for feeding beef cattle according to claim 2, 5) When feeding, all feed ingredients are put in a feed feeder at an appropriate ratio and moved along the feeding tank. Good.
Therefore, the time and labor required for feeding can be greatly reduced. 6) Since the kinds of grass to be fed can be easily increased, a well-balanced feed can be supplied. 7) Calves can be fed with the same feed ingredients as adult cattle, and the time and labor required for feeding can be reduced. It also makes it easier to secure grass that is not stable in the market.

According to the method for feeding beef cattle as set forth in claim 3, 8) it is efficient because the minimum nutrition and calorie intake ratios can be collectively controlled in each beef bed at each growth period.

According to the method for feeding beef cattle as set forth in claim 4, 9) it is possible to supply a feed for preventing illness in the early period of fattening and to improve the bite in the finishing stage of fattening. In the latter stage of fattening, feed can be supplied to improve meat quality and productivity.

According to the beef cattle feed described in claim 5, the effects of 1) to 4) and 7) above can be easily obtained.

According to the beef cattle feed described in claims 6 and 7, the effects of 1) to 4) and 7) and 9) can be easily obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of a barn for fattening beef cattle by the feeding method according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an example of a barn for fattening beef cattle by the feeding method according to the invention (II-II in FIG. 1).
FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 cowshed 2 beef beds 3 passages 4 tanks 5 cutting mixer truck 6 compounding boxes 7 Feed outlet

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A method of feeding beef cattle, which comprises cutting and mixing roughage and concentrated feed and feeding them to a feeding tank for beef cattle to be group-fed on a beef bed. 2. The beef cattle according to claim 1, wherein the feed is provided by moving a self-propelled feed feeder that cuts and mixes the feed raw material and discharges the feed raw material into the feed tank along the feed tank. Feeding method. 3. A beef cattle in a single beef group are closely grouped, and the mixing ratio of roughage and concentrated feed is changed according to the growing season of the beef cattle. The method for feeding beef cattle according to 2. 4. The mixing ratio of roughage in the early period of fattening is 2
The method for feeding beef cattle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mixing ratio of the roughage in the latter stage of fattening is 10 to 20%. 5. A beef cattle feed characterized by cutting and mixing roughage and concentrated feed at a ratio suitable for feeding. 6. The beef cattle feed according to claim 5, wherein the mixture ratio of the roughage is 20 to 30% for beef cattle in the early fattening period. 7. The beef cattle feed according to claim 5, wherein the mixture ratio of the roughage is 10 to 20% for the beef cattle at the late stage of fattening.