JP2003089038A - Work machining method for combined nc lathe - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a work processing method for processing a work by using a numerically controlled lathe provided with a tool spindle capable of Y axis controlling and capable of coping with a work of small lot with short delivery period using a combined tool. SOLUTION: A partial processing program for processing the combined tool 2 is prepared and a simultaneous processing portion of the work 1 is specified to produce a tool processing program including the partial processing program. In addition, a work processing program of the work using the combined tool 2 to be processed by the tool processing program is produced. The tool processing program controls the NC lathe to produce the combined tool 2 and attach it to a tool rest of the lathe. The lathe, then, is controlled by the work processing program to process the work 1. By using an automatic exchanging device of tool and a lathe capable of Y axis and B axis controlling of a tool spindle, a combined tool having a complicated shape can be handled.

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention processes a workpiece using a numerically controlled lathe (composite NC lathe) equipped with a tool spindle capable of position control in the Y-axis direction. The present invention relates to a method, and more particularly to a processing method for processing a workpiece using a composite tool having two or more cutting edges for simultaneously processing a plurality of locations on the workpiece. 2. Description of the Related Art A lathe provided with a tool spindle whose position can be controlled in the Z, X and Y-axis directions is realized by using a drill, a tap, a milling machine or the like mounted on the tool spindle while fixing the spindle rotation. In addition, the same processing as the processing by the machining center can be performed on a part of the work. Here, the Z-axis direction is the direction parallel to the main axis, the X-axis direction is the cutting feed direction of the blade orthogonal to the main axis, and the Y-axis direction is the Z-axis and Y-axis.
The direction is orthogonal to the axis. On the other hand, in order to increase the machining efficiency when machining a large number of workpieces with a lathe, a composite tool having two or more cutting edges (generally, throw-away tips) for simultaneously machining a plurality of locations of the workpiece is used. Have been. As shown in FIG. 2, the composite tool has a plurality of throw-away tips 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d mounted at different positions on a tool body 21 mounted on a tool post of a lathe. It is used when the large-diameter portion 11a, intermediate-diameter portion 11b, and small-diameter portion 11c of one stepped hole are simultaneously processed. By using such a composite tool when continuously processing a large number of workpieces, the processing time can be reduced. However, in the case of a composite tool, a plurality of cutting edges must be mounted in a positional relationship corresponding to a plurality of processing portions of a work. Must use a composite tool. That is, it is necessary to prepare a composite tool corresponding to the processing shape for each work. A tool used in a machine tool is manufactured by a tool maker, and the machining maker mounts a tool manufactured by the tool maker on a machine tool to machine a workpiece.
Therefore, when performing machining using a composite tool, the machining maker performs machining with or without using the composite tool in consideration of the work shape, the number of manufactured workpieces, the required delivery date, and the like. Decide. When using a composite tool,
Prior to machining a workpiece, an order is placed for a composite tool to be used with a tool maker. As a matter of course, machining of a workpiece using the composite tool cannot be performed until the composite tool is delivered. Conventionally, this type of composite tool has been used when processing a large amount of workpieces, and is subjected to trial machining to improve the shape of a chip discharge groove and the like, and is quenched into the tool body to obtain high strength. And durability. [0007] With the increase in the number of types of products due to the multifunctionality of the lathe and the diversification of demand, the diversification of the work to be processed by the processing maker and the miniaturization of the lot are progressing. In addition, due to rapid changes in technology and demand,
Shortening of processing time has been strongly demanded. In order to cope with this, a processing maker is required to process a work at low cost and in a short delivery time, and performing processing using a composite tool is one means for meeting the demand. However, in the conventional method, when using a composite tool, it is necessary to wait for machining of the work from ordering the tool to the tool maker until delivery, and to change the shape of the work or perform trial cutting. For example, when there is a problem with the tool at the time of the change, it is necessary to request the tool maker to change or improve the tool, and there is a problem that it takes time for the processing. In other words, in the conventional method, if a composite tool is used in order to reduce the processing time, it takes time and effort to prepare the composite tool. The work used could not be processed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has as its object to provide a method of machining a work using a composite tool that can cope with a work with a small lot and a short delivery time. According to a method of machining a workpiece of a compound NC lathe according to the present invention, which solves the above problems, the compound tool 2 is machined by using an NC lathe having a tool post 48 and a tool spindle 48. To prepare a partial machining program for simultaneous machining of a workpiece 1 to be machined, to create a tool machining program including the partial machining program, and a composite tool to be machined by the tool machining program 2 is used to create a work machining program for the work, the NC machining is controlled by the tool machining program to machine the tool body 21 of the composite tool 2, and the machined tool body has cutting edges 22a, 22b, 22c, 2
2d is mounted on a tool post of a lathe, and the lathe is controlled by the work processing program to process the work 1. The partial machining program prepared in the above method is a machining program for a shank portion for attaching a tool body to a tool post, and a machining program for a counterbore hole, a tap hole and the like in a cutting edge attachment portion. By specifying the positional relationship of the machining points to be machined simultaneously with the combined tool and the type of cutting edge to be used, the numerical values of the partial machining program can be set,
By calling the partial machining program as a subroutine, it is possible to machine a composite tool according to the shape of the work to be machined on the same lathe as the machine for machining the work. Therefore, prior to machining the work, if the tool body is machined with a lathe for machining the work using the created tool machining program, a throw-away tip is attached to the machined tool body and attached to the tool post, Work of the workpiece using the composite tool can be started immediately on the same lathe. Therefore, it is possible to create a composite tool immediately before machining a workpiece, and also to immediately respond to a change in the shape of the workpiece, and since the tool can be machined on the same machine, the tool shape based on trial cutting is reduced. Corrections can be made promptly. In particular, by using a lathe provided with an automatic change device for a tool mounted on a tool spindle, various tools required for tool machining can be mounted on the lathe, and the position of the tool spindle in the Y-axis direction can be set. By using a lathe provided with a tool spindle capable of controlling and further controlling the angle around the Y-axis (B-axis control), it is possible to cope with the processing of a complex tool having a complicated shape. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The method of the present invention will be described below with reference to the working of a work 1 shown in FIG. 2 as an example. The work 1 shown in FIG. 2 has a center hole 11 whose inner diameter changes in three steps,
A square groove 12 is provided in the middle diameter portion. The center hole 11 and the square groove 12 of this work are machined using the composite tool 2 shown in FIG. The composite tool 2 has a cutting edge 22 for machining a large-diameter portion of a center hole of a work in one tool body 21.
a, a cutting edge 22b for processing the intermediate diameter portion, a cutting edge 22c for processing the small diameter portion, and a cutting edge 22d for processing the square groove 12 are mounted. FIGS. 3 and 4 show an example of a compound NC lathe used in the method of the present invention. Composite NC shown in figure
The lathe includes a left headstock 31L and a right headstock 31R that are opposed on the same axis. Double headstock 31L, 31R
The left chuck 32 is attached to the opposite end of the main shaft supported by
L and the right chuck 32R are mounted. The left and right main spindles are individually driven and synchronously driven when necessary, by main spindle motors 33L and 33R that can control the C axis and incorporate an encoder. The left headstock 31L is a bed 34
, And the right headstock 31R is movable in the Z-axis direction. The bed 34 is a slant type which is inclined at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees in a direction in which the front side becomes lower when viewed from the operator, and the back side guides the movable platform 42 of the composite tool rest 41 in the Z-axis direction. It is a horizontal guide plane. Turret tool rests 35L, 35R movable in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction below the headstocks 31L, 31R respectively.
Is arranged. Tool turrets 36L and 36R are mounted on each turret tool rest. A movable platform 42 for the composite tool rest 41 is mounted movably in the Z-axis direction along a Z-axis direction guide 37 provided on a horizontal plane on the back side of the bed 34. The movable table includes a front-rear guide 43 in a horizontal direction orthogonal to the Z axis.
Is provided, and a front-rear movement motor (not shown)
An inclined table 44 that moves along the front-rear guide is mounted. This inclined table has an upper surface having an angle equal to the slant surface on the front side of the bed, and the upper surface of the X-axis direction guide 4 is provided on the upper surface.
5 are provided. The inclined platform 44 has a combined tool post 4
The first feed table 46 is moved by the feed motor 47 in the X-axis direction guide 4.
5 so as to be movable along. This slide 4
6 includes a rotary tool table 49 having a tool spindle 48.
Are mounted so as to be rotatable 90 degrees (+90 degrees to -90 degrees) left and right around the Y axis with the position where the tool spindle is oriented in the X axis direction as the origin. The combined tool rest 41 constructed as described above.
Is to control the forward and backward movement of the tilt base 44 and the X-axis movement of the feed base 46 synchronously in a relationship corresponding to the tilt angle of the upper surface of the tilt base 44, so that the Y-axis Direction movement and positioning are possible.
Further, by controlling the angle of the tool spindle 48 about the Y axis, it is possible to machine an inclined plane or a curved plane. Adjacent to the left end on the far side of the bed 34, a tool magazine 51 for a tool to be mounted on the composite tool rest 41 is arranged. Is provided. In the illustrated tool magazine 51, a turning chain 54 in which a number of tool holders 53 are connected in a direction facing outward with respect to a lathe is arranged, and one of the tools mounted on the tool holder is connected to the ATC 52 by turning the turning chain. This is a structure in which a tool is selected by positioning the tool at the delivery position. The ATC 52 has a swing arm 55 having tool gripping claws at both ends. The swing arm is mounted on a traverser 57 which reciprocates along a guide rail 56 extending in the Z-axis direction. . Tool magazine 51
As shown in FIG. 4, a partition wall 59 having a shutter 58 is provided between the arrangement space of the ATC 52 and the moving space of the composite tool rest 41. At the time of tool change, the rotary tool table 49 moves to a position of -90 degrees around the B axis and moves the tool spindle to ATC.
Turn to the side. In this state, the shutter 58 is opened,
2 is moved to the ATC side, and the tool held by the tool spindle 48 is transferred to the turning arm 55 of the ATC. Next, the swing arm 55 is rotated by 180 degrees to mount a new tool on the tool spindle 48. Thereafter, the ATC returns the received tool to the tool magazine 51, and the tool magazine further enters a tool selection operation in the next process. Prior to machining the work 1 using the above-mentioned compound NC lathe, the axial position and the diameter difference of the steps 13a and 13b of the center hole 11 of the work 1 to be machined are designated, and the turning is performed. A cutting program for the tool body 21 is created by designating the cutting edges 22a, 22b, 22c for cutting and the cutting edge 22d for square groove machining. In this case, a pattern of the shape of the tool body 21 is prepared, and several types of tool processing programs are prepared. Is prepared in advance. The machining program for the tool body 21 of the complex tool required for machining the workpiece 1 is as follows:
Choose one of the patterned tool machining programs,
The positional relationship between the cutting edge to be used and the cutting edge is registered, and is created by subroutine calling a partial machining program for machining the cutting edge mounting portion and a partial machining program for machining the shank portion 23 for fixing the tool to the tool rest. On the other hand, for machining the work 1 itself, a work machining program using the composite tool 2 machined by the above-described tool machining program is created in the same manner as in the prior art. As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the tool body 21 and its shank portion 23 are turned by a turning tool 25 mounted on the turret tool post 35L or 35R using the above-mentioned compound NC lathe. I do. Next, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), using the rotary tool 26 such as a milling cutter, a drill or a tap attached to the tool spindle 48,
Processing is performed on the mounting portions of a, 22b, 22c, and 22d and the chip discharge groove 24. In the illustrated composite tool, the mounting portion of the cutting edge 22d for the square groove includes the other three cutting edges 22a, 22b,
It is formed on the opposite side of the mounting part of 22c by 180 degrees. When the machining of the tool body 21 is completed, the cutting edges 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d are mounted at the respective cutting edge mounting positions, and the composite tool is mounted on an appropriate tool station of the turret 36L. Then, the work 1 is processed using the work processing program created above (FIG. 1C). According to the method of the present invention described above,
Since the composite tool used for processing the workpiece can be processed using the composite NC lathe used for processing the workpiece, the labor required for producing the composite tool and the waiting time for processing the workpiece can be minimized. In addition, since the machining program of the composite tool and the machining program of the work using the same can be created in parallel, the change of the shape of the composite tool due to the change of the work shape, and the composite tool after the trial machining, For example, it is possible to quickly change the shape of the chip escape groove 24 and the like, and therefore, it is possible to perform efficient machining using a composite tool even for a work with a relatively small lot and a short delivery time. effective.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing a processing procedure of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows an example of a workpiece processed by the method of the present invention and an example of a composite tool used for the processing. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of a compound NC lathe used in the present invention. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing automatic tool change of a tool spindle of the compound NC lathe of FIG. Tool body 22 (a to d) Cutting edge 41 Combined tool post 48 Tool spindle

Claims (1)

Claims 1. An NC lathe provided with a tool spindle (48) on a tool post (41) is used to prepare a partial machining program for machining a composite tool (2), and to perform machining. Creating a tool machining program including the partial machining program by specifying a plurality of locations to be simultaneously machined of the workpiece to be created, and creating a workpiece machining program of the workpiece using a composite tool machined by the tool machining program, The NC lathe is controlled by the tool machining program to machine the tool body (21) of the complex tool, and the machined tool body has a cutting edge (22).
a, 22b, 22c, 22d) is mounted on a tool post of a lathe, and the lathe is controlled by the work processing program to process a workpiece.