JP2003082636A - Breakwater structure and method for constructing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a breakwater structure for embankment, such as a breakwater and a quay, which facilitates its construction and stabilizes the condition thereof after the construction, in addition to its advantageous shape of a high wave-damping characteristic, and to provide a method for constructing the breakwater structure. SOLUTION: There are provided blocks 8 which form the breakwater structure extending along a shore and overhanging from an upper portion of an offing-side wall surface toward the offing in a manner repelling waves arriving from the offing. Each block is formed in one piece of an offing-side portion (concrete structure 3) forming a breakwater shape, and a sleeve 5 into which a pile is insertable in the vertical direction. These blocks thus formed are arranged side by side to construct the breakwater structure.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a breakwater structure for constructing a seawall such as a breakwater and a quay wall for protecting ships, land lives and buildings from wave overtopping and wave forces and its construction in a harbor and coastal coastal area. It is about the method.

[0002]

[Background Art] Overtopping waves,
For example, an upright caisson breakwater structure as shown in FIG. 1 has been conventionally used as a breakwater structure for a seawall such as a breakwater or a quay for protecting ships, land lives, buildings, etc. from wave forces. .

This upright caisson breakwater structure is formed by digging the seabed, replacing it with sand 41 to improve the ground, and providing a rubble mount 42 to form a foundation 40, on which the upright caisson 30 is formed. The breakwater structure main body 50 is placed and configured.

Further, as one of the conventionally used breakwater structures, there is a breakwater structure called a so-called wave-dissipating block covered revetment as shown in FIG. The construction method for newly constructing this wave-dissipating block covered revetment is as shown in Fig. 3. That is, after first constructing the foundation (FIGS. 3 a to 3 d), in addition to the work scaffold 53 for producing the main body of the wave-proof structure, the reinforcing bar and the form 54 are assembled on site, and concrete is placed in the form 54. To produce the main body 50 of the wave structure (FIG. 3e).
~ F). At that time, usually, concrete is poured in several times in the vertical direction. After that, throw back stones 55 (Figs. 3g to i), carry the wave-dissipating blocks 56 manufactured near the site, install them one by one with a truck crane 57, and install the wave-preventing structure as shown by the dotted line in the figure. A wave-dissipating block covered revetment is manufactured by stacking trapezoids up to the top height. (Figs. 3j to 1) By the way, in the conventional wave-breaking structure such as the upright type caisson wave-breaking structure or the wave-dissipating block-covered seawall, in order to obtain sufficient non-overtopping performance, the crown height is increased or Two
There is an inconvenience that the bottom spread of the wave-dissipating block 56 shown in FIG.

Therefore, in recent years, the upper part of the offshore wall surface has a wave-preventing shape (composed of a curved surface or a flat surface) having a portion protruding toward the offshore side so as to repel waves coming from the offshore side.
The development of a breakwater structure that achieves high non-overtopping characteristics while keeping the top height low is underway (hereinafter, the upper part of the offshore wall surface is reflected off the waves coming from the offshore side to the offshore side. A wave-breaking structure having a protruding portion is collectively called a flare-type wave-breaking structure regardless of whether the wave-proof shape is a curved surface or a flat surface).

For example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-241323, as shown in FIG. 4, an upper inclined surface 11 is provided on the upper part of the offshore side wall surface 10 to incline offshore so as to repel waves coming from the offshore side. , Lower slope 12 that slopes to the land
Is provided to cancel the upward component force component of the wave pressure acting on the upper inclined surface 11 and the downward component force component of the wave pressure acting on the lower inclined surface 12 are disclosed.
This structure is capable of significantly reducing the amount of overtopping waves and the launch height of waves, despite the low ceiling.

[0007]

However, all of the above-mentioned conventional wave-breaking structures are used for the production and construction of work scaffolds, reinforcing bars, and formwork for concrete pouring on the body of the wave-breaking structure at the site. There was a problem that the construction period would be long as a whole because the assembling would have to be done, and the concrete pouring would have to be done several times in the vertical direction. In particular, if the wave conditions of the place where the breakwater structure is installed are not good, it often happens that the on-site work does not end in one year and overwinters for two years. Such a long construction period on site increases the probability that an accident or the like will occur, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of work safety.

Further, in the conventional construction method, since the amount of concrete used locally is large, there is a risk that the concrete may flow out into the sea or cause water pollution.

In particular, in the case of the flare type breakwater structure, since the upper part of the offshore wall surface is projected to the offshore side so as to repel the waves coming from the offshore side, the structure is complicated and, in terms of construction, , It is equivalent to other breakwater structures or more difficult to construct.

As means for solving such inconvenience,
For example, the flare-type breakwater structure may be divided into several blocks, each block manufactured at the factory, transported to the site, and then piled up. Since it protrudes to the side, the moving direction of the colliding water mass is forcibly changed to the offshore direction along the arc surface, and it acts to push up the main body of the breakwater structure. This causes a reduction in the frictional resistance force at each boundary surface, which raises a problem that the block is lifted up and the entire wave preventing structure is likely to fall.

When the volume and weight of the wave preventing structure is increased in order to prevent such floating and falling, the foundation supporting the wave preventing structure also becomes large and the cost and time required for construction such as ground improvement increases. It will be.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the conventional wave-breaking structure, and facilitates the construction while having a shape having high non-wave overtopping characteristics, and after the construction. It is an object of the present invention to provide a breakwater structure that can be kept in a stable state and a construction method thereof.

[0013]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is to extend to the offshore side so as to extend along the shore and rebound the waves coming from the offshore side to the upper part of the offshore side wall surface. A block for forming a breakwater structure having a breakwater shape, and an offshore portion forming the breakwater shape,
A block for a wave preventing structure, characterized in that the pile is integrally provided with a sheath pipe which is provided at a rear portion thereof and through which a pile can be vertically inserted. (Claim 1) As described above, the present invention is a block for a wave preventing structure having a wave preventing shape, which has a portion protruding to the off side so as to bounce waves coming from the off side on the upper part of the off side wall surface. Compared with conventional wave-breaking structures such as upright caisson wave-breaking structures and wave-blocking block-covered seawalls, it has higher non-overtopping characteristics. For this reason, especially on coastal roads where overtopping or wave launching is a problem, it is possible to prevent overtopping or wave launching while suppressing the crown height, and to cover the wave-breaking structure with a wave-eliminating block. Since it is not necessary, it does not spoil the landscape of the installation site.

Further, since the offshore side portion forming the above-mentioned wave preventing shape and the pile pipe which is provided at the rear portion thereof and through which the pile can be inserted in the vertical direction are integrally formed, the pile standing on the ground is provided at the rear portion. The block can be fixed to the ground securely by inserting it into the provided sheath pipe, and the block may float up due to the water mass colliding with the offshore side wall, or the breakwater structure may fall down. Absent.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the block for a wave preventing structure according to the first aspect, the offshore side portion is a concrete structure, and the land side portion is a plurality of metal aggregates. A wave-breaking structure block having a skeleton structure formed by combining the above and the above-mentioned sheath tube.

According to the present invention, only the offshore side of the block has a concrete structure, and the land side has a frame structure in which a plurality of metal aggregates and the above-mentioned sheath pipe are combined. In this case, there is an advantage in construction such that the whole can be made lighter than the case where it is made of concrete and the transportation becomes easy.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the block for a wave preventing structure according to the second aspect, a metal plate material is provided on the front side of the skeleton structure on the offshore side, and has a shape substantially similar to the offshore side wall surface.
A block for a wave-proof structure, comprising a plurality of metal rods arranged on the offshore surface of the metal plate, and concrete is placed on the offshore front surface of the metal plate. is there.

According to the present invention, the metal plate member and the plurality of metal rod members arranged on the offshore surface of the metal plate member are provided, and concrete is placed on the offshore front surface of the metal plate member. Therefore, the concrete can be reinforced by the metal plate material existing on the surface of the concrete, and cracking and peeling of the concrete are less likely to occur.

The invention according to claim 4 is provided with a plurality of blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a plurality of piles which are erected on the ground, and these piles are provided in each of the blocks. Each block is fixed on the ground in a state of being inserted into the sheath pipe of, and these blocks are arranged in the direction along the shore to form a series of wave-proof shapes. It is a wave structure.

According to the present invention, the blocks are arranged in the direction along the shore to form a series of breakwater shapes. Therefore, it is sufficient to arrange these blocks on site, and the construction period at the site can be improved. Is significantly shortened.
Moreover, since each block is fixed on the ground with a plurality of piles erected on the ground, and these piles are inserted into the sheath pipes of the blocks, the block is firmly fixed to the ground. Therefore, the block does not float up and the breakwater structure does not fall due to the water mass colliding with the offshore wall surface.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the breakwater structure according to the fourth aspect, the gap between the pile and the sheath pipe is filled with a solidifying agent. It is a structure.

According to the present invention, since the block is firmly fixed to the pile by filling the gap between the pile and the sheath pipe with the solidifying agent, the wave-proof structure can be more firmly fixed to the ground. It can be made reliable, and the block does not float up or the breakwater structure does not fall due to the water mass colliding with the offshore wall surface.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the breakwater structure according to the fourth or fifth aspect, a fastener for fastening the blocks to each other at a position rearward of the offshore side wall surface is provided, and by the fastening, It is a wave-proof structure characterized in that a plurality of blocks are integrated to form the wave-proof shape.

According to the present invention, the blocks are fastened to each other at a position rearward of the offshore wall surface to be integrated with each other, thereby forming the above-mentioned wave-proof shape. It is possible to further prevent the floating structure and the breakwater structure from falling.

The invention according to claim 7 is a breakwater having a wave-proof shape which extends along the shore and has a portion protruding to the offshore side so as to repel a wave coming from the offshore side at the upper part of the offshore side wall surface. A method of constructing a structure, comprising the steps of forming the block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the step of standing the pile, and the block obtained by inserting the pile into the sheath pipe. And a step of fixing to the ground, by these steps, by arranging a plurality of blocks in the direction along the shore, to form a series of wave-proof shape is a method of constructing a wave-proof structure. .

According to the present invention, the step of erection the pile,
Since it includes the step of inserting the pile into the sheath pipe and fixing the block to the ground, it is possible to ensure the fixation of the block to the ground, and the block floats due to the water mass colliding with the offshore side wall surface. It does not go up and the breakwater structure does not fall.

Since a series of wave-breaking shapes are formed by arranging a plurality of blocks in the direction along the shore, it is not necessary to assemble work scaffolds for concrete pouring, reinforcing bars, and formwork on site, and As compared with the conventional construction method, it is not necessary to perform concrete pouring in several times in the vertical direction, which makes the construction easier. Therefore, the on-site construction period can be significantly shortened and the construction cost can be reduced. Further, since the on-site construction period is shortened, the probability of an accident or the like occurring during the construction period is reduced, which is preferable from the viewpoint of work safety. Further, since the amount of concrete used in the field is smaller than that of the conventional wave-breaking structure, it is possible to minimize the possibility of the concrete leaking into the sea or causing water pollution.

The invention according to claim 8 is the method for constructing a breakwater structure according to claim 7, wherein the gap between the pile and the sheath pipe is filled with a solidifying agent, whereby A method for constructing a breakwater structure, characterized by including the step of fixing the structure to the ground.

According to the present invention, the wave-proof structure is fixed to the ground by filling the gap between the pile and the sheath pipe with the solidifying agent, so that the block can be more securely fixed to the ground. It is possible to prevent the block from rising and the wave-preventing structure from falling due to the water mass colliding with the offshore wall surface.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the method for constructing a breakwater structure according to the seventh or eighth aspect, blocks adjacent to each other are fastened and integrated at a position rearward of the offshore wall surface. Accordingly, the method for constructing a breakwater structure is characterized by including the step of forming the breakwater shape.

According to the present invention, the block is formed by fastening the blocks to each other at a position rearward of the offshore wall surface and integrating them, so that the block is formed by the water mass colliding with the offshore wall surface. It is possible to further prevent the floating structure and the breakwater structure from falling.

[0032]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. To simplify the description, first, when the number of blocks in the vertical direction is 1, that is, in the vertical direction. Describes a case in which one block is placed without dividing the breakwater structure and a plurality of blocks are arranged in the direction along the shore. The number of blocks in the vertical direction and the direction along the shore is
Although it is determined according to design conditions, conditions of installation positions, etc., under conditions where wave conditions are not severe, by setting the number of blocks in the vertical direction to 1 in this way, the process can be simplified.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the structure (when the number of blocks in the vertical direction is 1) of the wave preventing structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to the figure, the wave-preventing structure block 8 according to the embodiment of the present invention is an offshore-side portion forming a wave-preventing shape protruding toward the offshore so as to bounce waves coming from the offshore side. (Concrete structure 3) and a skeleton structure 7 are provided on the land side rather than the offshore side.

The offshore side portion (concrete structure 3) is a metal plate material, that is, a steel plate 1 having a shape substantially similar to that of the offshore wall surface.
And a plurality of metal rods or studs 2 arranged on the offshore surface of the metal plate, and a wire mesh 25, and concrete is cast on the surface of the steel plate 1.

The steel plate 1 is a metal plate material having a shape substantially similar to that of the offshore wall surface, and a large number of studs 2 planted on the surface thereof and also bent into a shape substantially similar to that of the offshore wall surface. Concrete that is cast on the surface of the steel plate 1 is supported in a state where it is integrated with the wire net 25 that is attached to the stud 2 by welding, and the concrete is prevented from peeling or falling off.

The stud 2 is a metal rod,
A large number of them are vertically implanted on the surface of the steel sheet by welding or the like, and the wire mesh 25 is supported by partial welding.

The wire mesh 25 is formed by knitting a linear steel material in the lengthwise and crosswise directions, and is partially welded to the stud 2 on the offshore side of the steel plate 1 with a certain distance from the steel plate 1 to form a steel plate. 1 and the stud 2 are integrated with each other to support concrete cast thereon and prevent concrete from peeling off or falling off.

Next, the skeleton structure 7 is a structure in which a plurality of metal aggregates 4 and the sheath pipe 5 are combined in a portion of the block on the land side rather than the offshore portion.

Here, the metal aggregate 4 is a shaped steel member such as a steel frame, which connects two sheath pipes 5 to be described later to each other in the left-right direction, and each sheath pipe 5 and the above-mentioned steel plate 1 are front and back. The frame structure 7 is assembled by welding or the like so as to connect in the direction.
Is formed.

Further, the sheath pipe 5 is a tubular metal material made of metal, which is provided at the rear portion of the block 8 and into which the pile 9 (see FIG. 6) erected on the ground can be vertically inserted. The frame structure 7 is integrally formed by being combined with the metal aggregate 4, and the entire block is fixed on the ground by being inserted into the pile 9.

After the plurality of blocks 8 for wave preventing structures are arranged in the direction along the shore, the precast upper concrete 16 is placed on the upper part and the bottom plate 18 is placed on the lower part. The boundary portion of the arc-shaped concrete structure 3 is filled with a waterproof material 80 for the purpose of waterproofing,
The entire breakwater structure is formed.

FIG. 6 is a construction flow chart showing an outline of the construction method of the wave-proof structure on site. In the field, first, a plurality of piles 9 are vertically erected at positions corresponding to the sheath pipes 5 of the blocks 8 to complete the foundation (Fig. 6).
). Then, the block 8 is lifted by a truck crane (not shown), the pile 9 is inserted into the sheath pipe 5 behind the block 8, and the block 8 is installed on the foundation (FIG. 6). Finally, a solidifying agent 81 (for example, mortar or plastic resin) is provided in the gap between the inner circumference of the sheath tube 5 and the outer circumference of the pile 9.
To ensure the fixation of the block 8 to the foundation.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9, the details of the production of the breakwater structure according to the present invention in the factory will be described.

FIG. 7 is a manufacturing flow of the steel plate 1 and the frame structure 7, and FIG. 8 is a manufacturing flow of the concrete structure 3. Then, FIG. 9 is a manufacturing flow of the side wall portion of the block 8 located at the end portion.

Referring to FIG. 7, first, a vertical rib 22, a horizontal rib 23, and a metal aggregate 4 such as a shaped steel are welded to the bent steel plate 1, and then the stud 2 is formed on the surface of the steel plate 1. Plant (~). Next, the frame structure 7 is made up of the metal aggregate 4
The sheath tube 5 is welded and assembled (-). And
Finally, the above frame structure is welded and integrated with the metal aggregate 4 joined to the steel plate 1 ().

Next, referring to FIG. 8, the concrete structure 3
The production of is as follows. That is, first, the steel plate 1 and the frame structure 7 are placed horizontally (), and the wire net 25 and the arc surface form 26 are installed on the steel plate 1 (). Then, concrete is placed between the steel plate 1 and the arcuate surface form 26 () and cured to produce the concrete structure 3 (). Finally, the metal part is painted, the production of the block 8 in the factory is completed, and the block 8 is transported to the site (~).

By the way, referring to FIG. 9, the side wall of the block 8 located at the end is manufactured as follows. That is, after the side wall form 27 is further installed on the side wall of the block 8 manufactured in the same manner as above (), concrete is placed inside the side wall form 27 (), and further cured for the end part. The fabrication of the side wall of the block 8 is completed ().

Further, with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12, details of the construction of the breakwater structure according to the present invention on site will be described.

FIG. 10 is a construction flow showing the installation of one unit consisting of three blocks 8.
Is a construction flow showing construction inside and above the unit. FIG. 12 is a construction flow showing the addition of units.

Referring to FIG. 10, in the construction of the unit 39 on site, first, a plurality of piles 9 are erected substantially vertically at positions corresponding to the sheath pipes 5 of the blocks 8, respectively.
After completing 0, a spacer 31 and a lower reinforcing bar 32 are set on a foundation 40 as a preparation for placing bottom slab concrete thereon (). Next, the sheath pipe 5 of the block 8 is inserted into the pile 9 which is erected upright, and the block 8 is attached to the spacer 3
The plurality of blocks 8 belonging to the unit 39 are arranged in the direction along the shore so as to be placed on the shore 1. At this time, the blocks 8 are fastened to each other by using the clasp 33 and a fastener such as a guide 34 (). Then, the bottom slab concrete 18 is placed (-a, -b) in the gap between the block 40 and the foundation 40 formed by the spacer 31 and the lower reinforcing bar 32 to complete the installation of one unit 39.

Next, referring to FIG. 11, the construction of the inside and the upper part of the unit 39 is as follows. That is, after filling the inside of the block 8 with filling sand or crushed stone 36 from above to fill the voids inside the block 8 (-
a), cover concrete 3 to cover the top of block 8
7-b), precast top concrete 1
6 is installed on the upper part of the block 8 (-c), and a breakwater structure is formed. In addition, the rubber 60 is attached to the side wall of the existing unit 39, and the spacer 31 and the lower bar 32 for the next unit 39 are installed in the same manner as described above to prepare to add the unit 39 ( ).

Further, referring to FIG. 12, the unit 39
The outline of the expansion is as follows. That is, the slide guide 61 having an uneven shape provided in the adjacent portion of the one unit 39 and the other unit 39 is fitted, and the sheath pipe 5 of the block 8 is inserted into the standing pile 9. In this way, the end block 62 of the adjacent unit 39 is installed at a predetermined position and integrated ().
Then, the construction of the next unit 39 is proceeded in the same manner as the above-mentioned FIGS. 10 and 11 (), and after the construction of all the units 39 is completed, finally the top end portion 63 is constructed to construct the wave-proof structure. Complete the construction of the whole thing ().

In the above, the details of the manufacturing and construction methods have been described, for the sake of simplicity, the case where the number of blocks in the vertical direction is 1 has been described, but basically the same applies when the number of blocks is 2 or more. is there.

FIG. 13 is a construction flow when the number of blocks in the vertical direction is two. When the number of blocks in the up-and-down direction is 2, after completing the foundation 40 so that the plurality of piles 9 are erected substantially vertically at the positions corresponding to the sheath tubes 5 of the blocks 8, respectively, as shown in FIGS. Similarly, the lower block 13 is installed, the lower blocks 13 are fastened to each other by fasteners such as the scintillation 33 and the guide 34, and the water blocking material 80 such as rubber is attached to the upper surface of the lower block 13 (). Next, similarly to the lower block 13, the upper block 15 is installed, and the upper blocks 15 are fastened to each other by fasteners such as the glare 33 and the guide 34. Further, the lower block 13 and the upper block 15 are fastened with fasteners such as bolts 35 and nuts 68 (). Finally, anticorrosion coating is applied to the portion fastened with the bolt 35 and the nut 68 ().

After this, the steps such as placing the bottom slab concrete, introducing the filling sand or crushed stone, constructing the lid concrete, installing the precast upper concrete, and constructing the top end are completed as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. It is the same. 14
FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the main body of the breakwater structure in the case where the number of blocks in the vertical direction is 3, and the lower block 1 in the vertical direction.
3, the middle block 14 and the upper block 15 are placed in this order, and the back stones 55 are put in the back along the direction along the shore. Further, the precast upper concrete 16 is placed, and the root girder / cover block 17 is installed if necessary.

FIG. 15 shows a manufacturing and construction method when this embodiment is newly installed. In the field, first, after constructing the foundation, the pile 9 is installed (Figs. 15a to 15d). Then, the lower block 13 is hoisted by the truck crane 57, and the pile 9 is inserted into the sheath pipe 5 at the rear of the block to install it (Fig. 1).
5e). Next, the middle block 14 and the upper block 15 are similarly lifted up, the pile 9 is inserted into the sheath pipe 5 located behind the block and installed (Figs. 15f to 15g), joined, and the backfill stone 55 is put in the back ( Figure 15h). Finally, the precast upper concrete 16 was installed and placed (Fig. 15i),
Install the root girder / cover block 17 as needed (Fig. 15j). Depending on the design conditions, the lower block 1
In some cases, concrete may be placed in No. 3.

As described above, in this embodiment, only the offshore side of the block is the concrete structure 3 and the land side is the frame structure 7 in which a plurality of metal aggregates 4 are combined. In the case of, it can be made lighter than the whole structure made of concrete, and it becomes easier to transport.
There are construction advantages.

Further, the concrete structure 3 is supported by the frame structure 7 in which the metal aggregates 4 are combined, and the frame structures 7 are scratched by the guides 34 or the bolts 3.
Since it is fastened with fasteners such as 5 and nuts 68, the fastening of each block 8 can be ensured, and the block 8 floats up due to the water mass colliding with the offshore side wall surface, or the breakwater structure falls over. It can be prevented more reliably.

Here, the excellence of the present invention is shown by comparing the steps of the conventional wave-blocking block-covered revetment (FIG. 2) and the wave-proof structure of the present invention (FIG. 14). In addition to the appearance of the breakwater structure, FIGS. 2 and 14 also show the dimensions on which the comparison is based. The design conditions are shown below.・ Installed water depth 1.3m ・ Design tide level 1.8m ・ Normal direction extension 100m ・ Dissipation block weight 10ton ・ Flare each block weight max 10ton ・ Flare block length max 3.5m

FIG. 16 is a process diagram of each construction method. Tables 1 and 2 show process charts of the wave-blocking block-covered revetment and the breakwater structure (divided flare revetment) according to the present invention, respectively. In the table, the solid line shows the construction at the site and the broken line shows the construction outside the site. In the case of wave-blocking block-covered revetment, it takes about 5 months for the local production and construction of the revetment body, and the first foundation work 1
Months, including the last month of digging in the wave-dissipating block,
The total on-site construction period was estimated to be about 7 months. On the other hand, in the case of the flare type breakwater structure by this construction method, the time required for revetment construction is about 1 month, and the total construction period including the foundation work is estimated to be about 2 months, which is a significant on-site construction. It turns out that the period can be shortened.

Further, when installing the wave-dissipating block (weight: 10 ton), it was necessary to extend the arm of the crane to a considerably offshore side, so a 120-ton suspension crane was required, but in the case of the block according to the present invention, Since the length of the arm is short, the 45ton suspension crane was sufficient.

The above is the case where the breakwater structure according to the present invention is newly installed. Next, the case where the breakwater structure according to the present invention is installed on the front of an existing seawall will be described.

FIG. 17 shows a case where the breakwater structure according to the present invention is installed on the front surface of the existing seawall 51. Further, FIG. 18 shows a construction flow in the case of installing the breakwater structure according to the present invention on the front surface of the existing seawall 51.

Here, as in the above comparison, the existing revetment 51
The excellence of the present invention is shown by comparing the steps in the case of installing a conventional wave-dissipating block covered revetment (Fig. 2) and the case of installing the breakwater structure according to the present invention (Fig. 17) in front of the. 2 and FIG. 17, in addition to the appearance of the breakwater structure, the dimensions on which the comparison is based are also shown. The design conditions are shown below.・ Installation water depth 1.3m ・ Design tide level 1.8m ・ Normal direction extension 100m ・ Dissipation block weight 10ton ・ Flare block weight 10ton max ・ Flare block length max 3.5m ・ Road width 9.0m

FIG. 16 is a process drawing of each construction method. Tables 3 and 4 show process charts of the wave-blocking block-covered revetment and the breakwater structure (split-type flare revetment) according to the present invention. In the table, the solid line shows the construction at the site and the broken line shows the construction outside the site. When installed on the front of the existing seawall, the construction period for both was about 1.5 months.

When installing on the front of the existing seawall in this way, there is no great difference in the process, but the size of the truck crane to be used differs greatly. That is, when installing the wave-dissipating block (weight: 10 ton), it is necessary to extend the arm of the crane to a considerably offshore side, so a 120-ton hanging crane is required. A 0 m wide road must be completely closed, but in the case of the breakwater structure according to the present invention, the length of the arm can be short, so a 45 ton suspension crane is sufficient, and the overrigger extension width is also sufficient. It only needs to be 5 meters long, and it can be accommodated by only one side of the road being closed during the on-site construction.

As described above, from the viewpoint of construction, the present invention is preferable from the viewpoint of work safety because the construction period on site is short and the probability of an accident during the construction period is reduced. Further, since the amount of concrete used in the field is smaller than that of the conventional wave-breaking structure, it is possible to minimize the possibility that the concrete will flow out into the sea and cause water pollution.

Further, as described above, in the case of the present invention, as compared with the case of the wave-dissipating block covered revetment, since there is no work to install the wave-dissipating block to the offshore side, a relatively small truck crane can cope with Therefore, the cost for construction can be reduced. Further, when applied to an existing revetment such as a road revetment, it is also preferable in terms of traffic safety that the area of road closure due to construction (road width direction) can be reduced and the road need not be completely closed.

The above-described embodiment is merely an example of a preferred specific example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

For example, the number of sheath tubes does not necessarily have to be two per block, and may be one or three or more. FIG. 19 shows an outline of the structure in which one sheath tube 5 is provided for one block.
Shows an outline of a structure in which three sheath tubes 5 are provided for one block.

Needless to say, various design changes can be made within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0073]

The structural effects of the present invention are as follows. That is, all of the present invention is a wave-preventing structure having a wave-preventing shape having a portion protruding toward the offshore side so as to repel the waves coming from the offshore side at the upper part of the offshore side wall surface. It has higher non-overtopping characteristics compared to conventional wave-breaking structures such as wave-dissipating block-covered seawalls.

For this reason, especially on coastal roads where overtopping or wave launching is a problem, it is possible to prevent overtopping or wave launching while suppressing the crown height, and a wave-blocking block is used to prevent wave-breaking structures. Since it does not need to be covered, it does not spoil the landscape of the installation location.

Further, since the offshore side portion forming the wave preventing shape and the sheath pipe which is provided at the rear portion thereof and through which the pile can be inserted in the vertical direction are integrally provided, the pile standing on the ground is provided at the rear portion. The block can be securely fixed to the ground by inserting it into the sheath pipe, and the block of water may float up or the breakwater structure may fall due to the water mass colliding with the offshore side wall surface. Absent.

The construction effects of the present invention are as follows. That is, since the present invention forms the wave-proof shape by arranging a plurality of blocks side by side in the direction along the shore, scaffolding for work for concrete placement on site, rebar,
There is no need to assemble the formwork, and it is not necessary to place concrete in several parts in the vertical direction. it can. Moreover, each block can be fixed by a simple process of inserting the pile into the sheath tube, and further, by injecting the solidifying agent into the gap, the fixation can be made more reliable.

As a result, the on-site construction period can be greatly shortened and the construction cost can be reduced. Further, since the on-site construction period is shortened, the probability of an accident or the like occurring during the construction period is reduced, which is preferable from the viewpoint of work safety.

Moreover, as described above, if the block structure is divided into a plurality of blocks and the blocks are integrated by the fasteners, the blocks may float or be prevented by the water mass that collides with the offshore wall surface. It is possible to more reliably prevent the wave structure from falling.

Furthermore, since the amount of concrete used in the field is smaller than that of the conventional wave-breaking structure, it is possible to minimize the possibility that the concrete will flow into the sea or cause water pollution. it can.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a conventional upright caisson breakwater structure.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a conventional wave-dissipating block-covered revetment.

[Fig. 3] Fig. 3 is a construction flow for newly installing a conventional wave-dissipating block covered revetment.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a flare type breakwater structure.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a breakwater structure according to the present invention having one block in the vertical direction.

FIG. 6 is a construction flow of the wave-proof structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a manufacturing flow of a steel plate and a frame structure.

FIG. 8 is a flow of manufacturing a concrete structure.

FIG. 9 is a manufacturing flow of a side wall portion of a block located at an end portion.

FIG. 10 is a construction flow showing the installation of one unit composed of three blocks.

FIG. 11 is a construction flow showing construction inside and above the unit.

FIG. 12 is a construction flow showing the addition of units.

FIG. 13 is a construction flow when the number of blocks in the vertical direction is two.

FIG. 14 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the wave-proof structure when the number of blocks in the vertical direction is three.

FIG. 15 is a construction flow in the case of newly installing a breakwater structure when the number of blocks in the vertical direction in FIG. 14 is three.

FIG. 16 is a process drawing of each construction method.

FIG. 17 is a vertical cross-sectional view in the case of installing a flare type breakwater structure on the front of an existing seawall.

FIG. 18 is a construction flow in the case of installing a flare type breakwater structure in front of an existing seawall.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view schematically showing a structure in which one sheath tube 5 is provided for one block.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view schematically showing a structure in which three sheath tubes 5 are provided for one block.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Steel plate (metal plate material) 2 studs (metal rod) 3 Concrete structure (offshore side) 4 metal aggregate 5 sheath tube 7 Frame structure 8 blocks 9 piles 10 Offshore wall surface 11 Upper slope 12 Lower slope 13 Lower block 14 Middle block 15 Upper block 16 Precast upper concrete 17 Roots and coated blocks 18 Bottom plate 19 Front curved plate 20 mortar inlet 21 Insertion part 22 Vertical ribs 23 Horizontal ribs 25 wire mesh 26 Arc surface formwork 27 Side wall formwork 30 Upright caisson 31 Spacer 32 Lower bar 33 Scratch 34 Guide 35 volts 36 Medium sand or crushed stone 37 Lid concrete 39 units 40 basics 41 sand 42 rubble mount 50 Wave breaker structure body 51 Existing seawall 53 Working scaffolding 54 formwork 55 back stone 56 Wave-dissipating block 57 truck crane 60 rubber 61 Slide guide 62 end block 63 Crown 68 nuts

Continued front page    (72) Inventor Naoto Takehana             1-3-18 Wakihamacho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi Stock             Company Kobe Steel, Ltd.Kobe Head Office (72) Inventor Yasuo Ichikawa             1-3-18 Wakihamacho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi Stock             Company Kobe Steel, Ltd.Kobe Head Office (72) Inventor Yoshihiro Hamasaki             1-3-18 Wakihamacho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi Stock             Company Kobe Steel, Ltd.Kobe Head Office (72) Inventor Fujihiko Hashino             1-3-18 Wakihamacho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi Stock             Company Kobe Steel, Ltd.Kobe Head Office (72) Inventor Yoji Hanawa             1-5-5 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe City Stock Association             Company Kobe Steel Works, Kobe Research Institute F-term (reference) 2D018 BA16 BA18

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A block for forming a breakwater structure extending along the shore and having a breakwater shape protruding toward the offshore side so as to repel waves coming from the offshore side above the offshore side wall surface. A block for a wave-breaking structure, which integrally includes an offshore-side portion forming the wave-breaking shape and a sheath pipe provided at a rear portion thereof and through which a pile can be vertically inserted. 2. The offshore side portion has a concrete structure, and the land side portion thereof has a frame structure formed by combining a plurality of metal aggregates and the sheath pipe. Block for the described wave break structure. 3. A metal plate material, which is arranged on the front surface of the frame structure on the offshore side and has substantially the same shape as the offshore side wall surface, and a plurality of metal rod materials, which are arranged on the offshore surface of the metal plate material. The block for a wave preventing structure according to claim 2, further comprising: a concrete plate placed on the front surface of the metal plate material on the offshore side. 4. A plurality of blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a plurality of piles erected on the ground are provided, and these piles are inserted into the sheath pipes of the blocks. In a state, each block is fixed on the ground, and by arranging these blocks in the direction along the shore, a series of wave-proof shapes are formed, which is a wave-proof structure. 5. The breakwater structure according to claim 4, wherein the gap between the pile and the sheath pipe is filled with a solidifying agent. 6. A fastener for fastening the blocks to each other at a position rearward of the offshore side wall surface, wherein the fastening forms the plurality of blocks into one piece to form the wave-proof shape. 6. The breakwater structure according to claim 4 or 5. 7. A method of constructing a breakwater structure having a breakwater shape, which extends along the shore and has a portion protruding to the offshore side so as to repel waves coming from the offshore side at the upper part of the offshore side wall surface. A step of forming the block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, a step of standing the pile, and a step of inserting the pile into the sheath pipe to fix the block to the ground. And a plurality of blocks are arranged in the direction along the shore by these steps to form a series of breakwater shapes. 8. The method for constructing a breakwater structure according to claim 7, further comprising the step of filling a gap between the pile and the sheath pipe with a solidifying agent. 9. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of forming the wave-proof shape by fastening adjacent blocks to each other at a position rearward of the offshore side wall surface and integrating them. The method of construction of the described breakwater structure.