JP2003080096A - Crushing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crushing apparatus capable of finely crushing a material to be crushed and making the size of the crushed material obtained after crushing not larger than a specified size. SOLUTION: This crushing apparatus is provided with a cylindrical casing 11 having circular horizontal cross-section, a charge port 13 provided at the upper side of the casing to charge the material 12 to be crushed, a discharge port 14 provided at the lower side of the casing 11 to discharge the crushed material obtained by crushing the material 12 to be crushed, a rotary shaft 15 vertically provided at the center of the casing 11 and a plurality of crushing cutters 16a-16g attached to upper part and the lower part of the rotary shaft 15 with a prescribed interval. A bottom plate 18 having many fine holes 17 is attached between the discharge port 14 and the lowermost crushing cutter 16g and the interval between the bottom plate 18 and the lowermost crushing cutter 16g is made equal to or below the size of the fine hole 17.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a crusher,
More specifically, the present invention relates to a crushing apparatus suitable for crushing organic matter in advance when the organic matter is fermented by microorganisms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Compost is made from various organic materials such as agricultural waste, livestock waste, and municipal waste. In the old days, there is also compost from rice straw and livestock manure produced by farmers. These composts are produced by degrading and stabilizing unstable organic substances in raw materials by microorganisms mainly of aerobic bacteria.

Conventionally, it was general to ferment organic substances in a natural state, but there are stages in the decomposition of raw materials by microorganisms, and the finer the raw materials, the faster the fermentation. Therefore, it is conceivable to crush the raw material as finely as possible and then ferment it with microorganisms to accelerate the decomposition.

Here, it is conceivable to use a crushing device to crush organic substances. Conventionally, various types of crushing devices have been manufactured, and it would be convenient if these crushing devices could be used for crushing organic substances.

[0005]

However, the conventional crushing apparatus cannot crush the raw material so finely, and the size of the crushed product after crushing varies, which makes the handling after crushing troublesome. There was a problem of becoming.

[0006] Such a problem is not limited to the case where the organic matter is crushed during the fermentation treatment of the organic matter, but is a problem commonly occurring when the pulverizer is used for various purposes.

The object of the present invention is to solve such problems, and it is possible to finely grind the material to be ground, and to make the size of the ground material obtained after grinding smaller than a certain value. A technical object is to provide a crushing device that can reduce variations.

[0008]

The present invention is a crushing apparatus and is configured as follows in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. That is, the present invention is a cylindrical casing having a circular horizontal cross section, a charging port provided on the upper side of the casing for charging an object to be crushed, and a crushed object after crushing the object to be crushed is discharged. In order to do so, a discharge port provided on the lower side of the casing, a rotary shaft erected at the center of the casing, and a plurality of crushing cutters that are vertically attached to the rotary shaft with a predetermined distance from each other. And a bottom plate having a large number of pores is attached between the discharge port and the lowermost crushing cutter, and the distance between the bottom plate and the lowermost crushing cutter is equal to or smaller than the size of the fine holes. It is characterized by having done.

Examples of the crushed material include agricultural waste, livestock waste, municipal waste, and the like, and various other materials can be crushed.

Further, as the crushing cutter, there may be exemplified one having linear blades attached in a cross shape, a cross shape, or a radial shape.

The pores of the bottom plate can be formed according to the size of the pulverized product to be finally obtained, and for example, slit-shaped holes can be exemplified.

Since the crushed crushed material is repelled to the outside by the cutter and concentrates on the corners of the casing, in order to drop the crushed material under the bottom plate, a predetermined width is provided over the entire circumference between the casing and the bottom plate. It is effective to provide the gap of No. 1 and the crushed substance may be clogged in this gap.Therefore, a claw that can move in the gap is provided on the outer peripheral side of the lowermost cutter, and the crushed substance is scratched with this claw. Can be dropped.

Further, since the crushed material may also be clogged in the pores of the bottom plate, the pores at arbitrary positions are made into a continuous circular ring concentric with the rotation axis, and the circular cutter has a thin circular ring shape at the bottom. It is also possible to provide a claw that can move in the hole.

According to the crushing device of the present invention, the object to be crushed is crushed by the crushing cutters having a plurality of stages and drops onto the bottom plate. Since the bottom plate has a large number of pores, those smaller than this pore fall through the pores and below the bottom plate,
It is discharged from the discharge port.

Further, those larger than the pores are retained on the bottom plate, but are crushed by the crushing cutter at the final stage immediately above the bottom plate, at the same time being repelled, and crushed again by the crushing cutter on the upper side. If the re-crushed object is smaller than the pores, it is discharged to the bottom of the bottom plate through the pores, and if it is larger, it is repelled by the crushing cutter and crushed by the upper crushing cutter.

Further, in the present invention, since the size of the pores is set according to the size of the crushed product to be finally obtained, the crushed product can be crushed to a constant size.

Further, in the crushing cutter, since a plurality of linear blades are provided and an inclined surface which is inclined along the rotation direction is provided on the upper surface of the lowermost blade, the crushed object staying on the bottom plate is crushed. The object is flipped up by the inclined surface of the lowermost crushing cutter and crushed by the upper crushing cutter.

Further, this crushing device can be used for crushing the organic matter in advance when the organic matter is fermented, and in this case, a fungal bed for fermenting the organic matter is added together with the organic matter. By pouring from the mouth, it is possible to adjust the water content of the finally obtained pulverized product to make it into a smooth state.

[0019]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of a crushing device according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a crushing device 1 of the present invention. The crushing device 1 has a cylindrical casing 11 having a circular horizontal cross section, which is cylindrical in the present embodiment, and a charging port 13 provided on the upper side of the casing 11 for charging an object 12 to be crushed such as an organic substance. In order to discharge the crushed material after crushing the crushed object 12, a discharge port 14 provided on the lower side of the casing 11 and a rotating shaft 15 erected at the center of the casing 11 are provided.

Further, the crushing device 1 includes a plurality of crushing cutters 16a to 16g, which in this embodiment are seven crushing cutters 16a to 16g, which are attached to the rotary shaft 15 at a predetermined interval from each other. It is provided between the crushing cutter 16g and the bottom plate 18 having slits 17, 17 ...

Next, each component described above will be described. An upper lid 20 is attached to the casing 11, and a hopper-shaped charging port 13 is attached to an end portion of the upper lid 20. Further, the upper end of the rotary shaft 15 penetrates the upper lid 20 to project, and the projecting portion is supported by the bearing 21.

A cylindrical pedestal 22 is provided on the lower side of the casing 11, and an opening 24 is provided on the side surface of the pedestal 22 for inserting and removing the transport vehicle 23. The carrier 23 is used to take out the crushed material.

A bearing box 26 is attached to the upper center of the pedestal 22 via a frame-shaped support member 25. And, the lower side of the rotating shaft 15 described above,
It is supported by a bearing 27 in a bearing box 26.
To the lower end of the rotary shaft 15, a bevel gear 28, 29, a shaft 30, and a coupling 31 are connected to a motor 32 mounted laterally on the casing 11.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the crushing cutters 16a to 16g are provided with a boss portion 33 fitted to the rotary shaft 15.
And the blades 3 attached to the boss 33 in a single letter
4a, 34b, 36a, 36b.

Further, the crushing cutters 16a, 1 having an odd number of stages
6c, 16e, 16g and even number of crushing cutters 16
b, 16d, 16f are the blades 34a, 34b, 3
6a and 36b are at right angles to each other.

Further, except for the crushing cutter 16g at the lowermost portion, that is, the seventh stage, an odd-numbered stage, that is, the first stage
Stage, 3rd stage, 5th stage crushing cutters 16a, 16c,
16e, as shown in FIG. 3, its blades 34a, 34b.
Slopes 35a and 35b inclined at a predetermined angle along the rotation direction R are provided on the lower surface of the. These slopes 3
5a and 35b are sharp on the front side with respect to the rotation direction R. Thereby, the crushed object 12 can be finely crushed.

In addition, the even stages, that is, the second stage and the fourth stage
Stage, 6th stage crushing cutters 16b, 16d, 16f
As shown in FIG. 4, the lowermost seventh stage crushing cutter 16g has inclined surfaces 3 on the upper surfaces of its blades 36a and 36b.
7a and 37b are provided. These inclined surfaces 37
Also, a and 37b are sharp on the front side with respect to the rotation direction R. In addition, according to the property of the crushed object 12,
The inclination angle α of the inclined surfaces 35a, 35b, 37a, 37b can be changed.

Thus, the odd-numbered stage crushing cutter 16
a, 16c, 16e and an even number of crushing cutters 16
b, 16d, 16f and inclined surfaces 35a, 35b,
By making 37a and 37b opposite to each other, as shown in FIG. 6, upper and lower inclined surfaces 35a and 35b are formed.
It is possible to cancel the vertical wind K generated by 37a and 37b (only one is shown).

In the present embodiment, the inclined surfaces 37a and 37b of the seventh stage crushing cutter 16g are directed upward,
Although a crushing cutter for canceling this is not provided, the crushing cutters 16a to 16a of 6 stages are provided thereon.
Since there is 6f, there is almost no possibility that the object to be crushed 12 will be blown out by the wind generated by the crushing cutter 16g.

As shown in FIG. 7, the bottom plate 18 of FIG. 1 is large enough to cover the entire cross section of the casing 11, and has a large number of arc-shaped slits 17, 17 ... It is provided. The size of the slits 17, 17 ... Is set according to the size of the crushed product to be finally obtained. The gap between the bottom plate 18 and the seventh-stage crushing cutter 16g immediately above the bottom plate 18 is equal to or less than the width W of the slit 17, as shown in FIG.

Next, the operation of the crushing device 1 will be described.
When crushing the object to be crushed 12, as shown in FIG.
The motor 32 is driven to rotate the rotary shaft 15 and the cutter 16a.
Rotate 16 g. Then, when the object 12 to be crushed is charged from the charging port 13, the object 12 to be crushed is finely crushed by the seven-stage cutters 16a to 16g while the bottom plate 18 is being crushed.
Fall on.

At this time, if the crushed object 12 is smaller than the slit 17 of the bottom plate 18, the crushed object 12 passes through the slit 17 and is accommodated in the transporting vehicle 23 therebelow. On the other hand, as shown in FIG.
When a is larger than the slit 17, it stays on the bottom plate 18 instantaneously.

However, the crushed object 12a accumulated on the bottom plate 18 is crushed when the lowermost cutter 16g rotates, and a part of the crushed object 12a passes through the slit 17 and is accommodated in the transport vehicle 23.

As shown in FIG. 9 (B), the crushed object 12a on the upper side of the crushing cutter 16a is flipped up by its inclined surfaces 37a and 37b as the cutter 16g rotates. , Again upper cutters 16a-1
It is crushed by 6f.

The crushed portion 12a, which is smaller than the slit 17, passes through the slit 17 and is accommodated in the transport vehicle 23.
It is flipped up again by the cutter 16g and crushed to a size that allows it to pass through the slit 17.

Thus, the crushing apparatus 1 according to the present invention is
Object 12 to be crushed by a plurality of crushing cutters 16a to 16g
Is crushed, the object to be crushed 12 can be crushed finely.
Further, since the bottom plate 18 is provided with a large number of slits 17, 17 ..., By appropriately setting the size of the slits 17, the size of the finally obtained ground product can be made constant. .

Further, since the distance H between the bottom plate 18 and the lowermost crushing cutter 16g is set to be equal to or less than the width W of the slit 17, the crushed object 12a retained on the bottom plate 18 can be crushed by the crushing cutter 16g. , Crushing cutter 16g
The crushed object 12a can be flipped up by the inclined surfaces 37a and 37b and can be crushed again by the crushing cutters 16a to 16f on the upper side. As a result, almost all the objects to be crushed 12a can be crushed to a size smaller than a certain size.

Among the crushing cutters 16a to 16g, the crushing cutters 16a of the first, third and fifth stages are
16c, 16e inclined surfaces 35a, 35b are provided on the lower surface,
Even-numbered second, fourth, and sixth crushing cutters 16
Since the inclined surfaces 37a, 37b of b, 16d, 16f are provided on the upper surface, the upward and downward winds K, K generated by the inclined surfaces 35a, 35b, 37a, 37b of the crushing cutters 16a to 16f are canceled. Alternatively, it is possible to prevent the crushed object 12a from being blown off to the outside of the casing 11 by being weakened.

In the above embodiment, the blades 34a, 34b, 36a, 36 of the crushing cutters 16a-16g are used.
Although b is arranged in a single letter, four blades may be arranged in a cross shape, or five or more blades may be arranged in a radial shape.
Further, the pores of the bottom plate 18 are not limited to the slits 17, and may be any shape such as a round hole or a square hole. When the size of the pores of the bottom plate 18 is large, the crushing cutter 16g at the bottom is used.
Can be omitted. In some cases, the bottom plate 18 may be omitted.

Further, since the crushing apparatus 1 can crush the object 12 to be crushed very finely, it can be used for finely crushing the organic matter when the organic matter is fermented by the microorganism.

Any kind of organic matter can be crushed. At this time, as shown in FIG. 1, fermenting bacteria were contained so that the crushed matter discharged according to the kind of organic matter had a required water content. An appropriate amount of the bacterial bed 45 is an organic matter to be ground 12
Along with, it is charged from the charging port 13. As a result, the finally obtained pulverized product is in a dry state, which facilitates handling. In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the motor 32 is disposed laterally on the side of the casing 11,
Although the motor 32 and the rotary shaft 15 are connected via the bevel gears 28 and 29, the motor 32 and the rotary shaft 15 are attached to the side of the casing 11 in a vertical state as shown in FIG. It is also possible to connect and via the chain 40 and the sprockets 41 and 42.

Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the motor 32 is mounted vertically on the lid 20 of the casing 11,
The motor 32 and the rotary shaft 15 may be directly connected by the coupling 43.

In the above embodiment, the casing 11
Was made cylindrical, as shown in FIG.
The upper side of 1 has a cylindrical shape and the lower side has a truncated cone shape,
Any other shape can be used.

In the above-described embodiment, the outer peripheral surface of the bottom plate 18 is brought into close contact with the casing 11, but as shown in FIG.
It is also possible to provide a gap 50 having a predetermined width W between the outer peripheral surface of the bottom plate 18 and the casing 11 and to drop the crushed material 12a (FIG. 14) from the gap 50.

That is, since the crushed material 12a is repelled toward the casing 11 by the crushing cutters 16a to 16g, it tends to gather near the corners of the bottom plate 18 and the casing 11a, and the crushed material 12a is dropped from the gap 50. The size W of the gap 50 can be appropriately set according to the size of the pulverized material 12a.

In this case, as shown in FIG.
Since it is possible that the crushed material 12a is clogged in the
As shown in FIG. 7, an inverted L-shaped scraping member 51 is attached to the outer peripheral side of the lowermost cutter 16g, and a claw 51a provided on the scraping member claw 51 is inserted into the gap 50 to remove the cutter 16g. With the rotation, the claw 51a has a gap 5
Try to move in 0. As a result, it is possible to prevent the crushed material 12a from clogging the gap 50.

As shown in FIG. 15, the claw 51a has a gap 5
On the side that collides with the crushed material 12a packed in 0, the cutter 1
It is possible to provide the inclined surface 51b that is inclined downward from the front to the rear with respect to the rotation direction R of 6 g, and thus the crushing portion 12a clogged in the gap 50 can be easily dropped along the inclined surface 51b.

It is also conceivable that the crushed material 12a may be clogged in the slit 17, so that as shown in FIG. 16, all or part of the slit 17, that is, the two slits 17 on the outer peripheral side in FIG. In addition, the scraping member 52 is attached to the lowermost cutter 16g, and the claws 52b and 52c provided on the scraping member 52 are inserted into the annular slit 17 and the claw 52b is rotated as the cutter 16g rotates. , 52c can be moved within the slit 17.

The scraping member 52 may be provided with a claw 52a to be inserted into the gap 50 between the casing 11 and the bottom plate 18, as in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 16, the scraping member 52 can be formed by bending a plate member to form three claws 52a, 52b, 52c in a step shape.

In this case, since the bottom plate 18 is separated into a plurality of parts by the continuous annular slit 17, as shown in FIG. 17, the bottom plate 18 is attached to the casing 11 via the stay 53 and has an E-shaped cross section. The separated members can be supported by the support member 54.

[0052]

As described above, according to the crushing apparatus of the present invention, the crushed object is crushed by the crushing cutters having a plurality of stages, so that the crushed object can be finely crushed. Further, since the bottom plate is provided with a large number of pores, the size of the pores can be appropriately set so that the size of the finally obtained pulverized product can be kept below a certain size.

Further, since the distance between the bottom plate and the lowermost crushing cutter is set to be equal to or smaller than the size of the pores, even if the crushed object stays on the bottom plate, this crushed object is crushed in the lowermost part. Can be crushed with a cutter. Further, since the inclined surface is provided on the upper surface of the lowermost crushing cutter, the crushed object staying on the bottom plate can be flipped up by this inclined surface and can be crushed again by the upper crushing cutter. As a result, almost all the objects to be crushed can be crushed to have a certain size or smaller.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a crushing device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

3 (A) is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 2, FIG. 3 (B).
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG.

5A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE of FIG. 4, and FIG.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line F-F in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a view showing an inclined surface of the crushing cutter according to the present invention.

7 is a sectional view taken along line GG of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a view showing the relationship between the bottom crushing cutter and the bottom plate according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a view for explaining the operation of the crushing device according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a view showing another embodiment of the crushing device according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a view showing another embodiment of the crushing device according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a view showing another embodiment of the crushing device according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a view showing another embodiment of the crushing device according to the present invention.

14 is a sectional view taken along line HH of FIG.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view taken along line JJ of FIG.

FIG. 16 is a view showing another embodiment of the crushing device according to the present invention.

17 is a sectional view taken along line KK of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 crusher 11 casing 12 Objects to be crushed 12a crushed product 13 Input port 14 outlet 15 rotation axis 16a-16g Crushing cutter 17 Slit (pore) 18 Bottom plate 34a, 34b, 36a, 36b blades 35a, 35b, 37a, 37b inclined surface 50 Gap between casing and bottom plate 51a, 52a, 52b, 52c nails

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Hidehisa Makino             Maeda 2-1026 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo             Construction Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Techradi Gayawari             Maeda 2-1026 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo             Construction Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shinichi Ikawa             Maeda 2-1026 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo             Construction Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kunio Kasuga             Maeda 2-1026 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo             Construction Industry Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 4D065 CA06 CA18 CB03 CC04 DD11                       DD22 EB20

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A cylindrical casing having a circular horizontal section, a charging port provided on an upper side of the casing for charging a crushed object, and a crushed object after crushing the crushed object is discharged. Therefore, a discharge port provided on the lower side of the casing, a rotating shaft erected at the center of the casing, and a plurality of crushing cutters vertically attached to the rotating shaft with a predetermined distance from each other. Equipped with a bottom plate having a large number of pores between the discharge port and the lowermost crushing cutter, the gap between the bottom plate and the lowermost crushing cutter is less than or equal to the size of the pores. A crushing device characterized in that 2. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the size of the pores is set according to the size of the crushed product to be finally obtained. 3. The crushing cutter has a plurality of linear blades, and the lowermost crushing cutter is provided with an inclined surface on the upper surface thereof. The described crushing device. 4. An outer peripheral side of the lowermost crushing cutter for scraping off the crushed material clogged in the clearance by providing a clearance of a predetermined width between the bottom plate and the casing. The crushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a claw capable of moving in the gap is provided in the. 5. An arbitrary pore in the bottom plate is formed into an annular shape that is concentric with the rotation axis, and the crushed material stuck in the annular hole is scraped off. The crushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: a claw that is movable in an annular pore. 6. The crushing device is used to crush the organic matter in advance when the organic matter is fermented, and a fungal bed for fermenting the organic matter together with the organic matter is used as the input port. The crushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the crushing device is charged from above.