JP2003080091A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crusher capable of crushing various kinds of materials to be crushed without changing a blade. SOLUTION: This crusher is attached to the tip of an arm of a hydraulic shovel and is provided with a pair of a fixed blade 211b and a movable blade 213b which are capable of cutting woods and a pair of a fixed blade 211c and a movable blade 213c which are capable of cutting scraps. Both movable blades 213b and 213c are operated by the operation of a common opening/closing cylinder 214, and when the pair of the fixed blade 211c and the movable blade 213c as for cutting the scraps are closed, the pair of the fixed blade 211b and the movable blade 213b as for cutting the woods are opened.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crusher used for demolition work of a general house.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIGS. 7A and 7B are views showing a structure of a conventional crusher for cutting wood, wherein FIG. 7A is a front view and FIG. 7B is a view showing a sectional shape of a blade portion thereof. This crusher is used for dismantling work of a general house, and as shown in FIG. 7A, a support frame 51 attached to the tip of an arm (not shown) of a hydraulic excavator, and a hydraulic cylinder 52.
And a crushing arm 53 driven by the hydraulic cylinder 52. And the hydraulic cylinder 52
By the opening / closing operation of the crushing arm 53 driven by, the wood 54 sandwiched between the support frame 51 and the crushing arm 53 is pushed out and the construction waste material or the like is cut into a required size.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), the blade portion 55 formed on the crushing arm 53 has a sharp sectional shape so as to easily bite into the wood 54, and the supporting frame 51 is formed.
Has a U-shaped cross-section so that the blade portion 55 of the crushing arm 53 holds the lumber 54 that bites from the back surface side.
In addition, a blade having a sharp cross-sectional shape similar to the blade 55 of the crushing arm 53 may be formed on the support frame 51 so that both blades bite into the wood 54.

[0004]

However, the construction waste materials discharged from the demolition site often contain not only wood but also scraps of iron and concrete. In the above-mentioned conventional machine, since the blade portion 55 is sharp, when the scrap is bitten by the blade portion 55, the blade spills, and the durability of the blade portion 55 is remarkably reduced.

On the other hand, the blade portion is made replaceable,
There is a method of exchanging the wood cutting blade and the scrap cutting blade each time. FIG. 8 is a view showing the structure of such a crusher for cutting wood / scrap, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a view.
Is a cross-sectional view of a wood cutting blade, and (c) is a cross-sectional view of a scrap cutting blade.

Here, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), a blade 65 is provided on each of a support frame 61 attached to the tip of an arm (not shown) of a hydraulic excavator and a crushing arm 63 driven by a hydraulic cylinder 62. , 66 are fixed with bolts or the like, and the blade portions 65, 66 can be exchanged according to the work situation. When cutting wood, sharp blades 65a, 6 as shown in FIG.
When using 6a and cutting scrap,
The non-sharp blade portions 65b and 66b shown in (c) are used. However, at the dismantling site where materials are mixed, the blade 6
Replacing 5, 66 was time-consuming, inefficient, and difficult to adopt.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a crusher capable of crushing different kinds of crushed objects without exchanging the blade portion.

[0008]

The invention according to claim 1 is
A crushing unit that is attached to the tip of the working arm of the hydraulic excavator and that opens and closes to crush and crush the object to be crushed, and a hydraulic cylinder that opens and closes the crushing unit by operating oil supplied from the main body of the hydraulic excavator. In the crusher provided, the crushing means includes a first crushing means,
A second crushing means is provided, and the first crushing means and the second crushing means are opened and closed by a common hydraulic cylinder, and when the first crushing means is in a closed state,
It is characterized in that the second crushing means is in an open state, and the second crushing means is in a closed state when the first crushing means is in an open state.

According to the above construction, when the first crushing means and the second crushing means provided in the crushing means are opened / closed by the common hydraulic cylinder, and the first crushing means is in the closed state. Since the second crushing means is in the open state and the first crushing means is in the open state, the second crushing means is in the closed state. If it is attached to the tip of the arm, the first crushing means and the second crushing means of the crushing means provided in the crusher can be operated only by operating the common hydraulic cylinder by supplying hydraulic oil from the hydraulic excavator body side. Can be opened and closed with respect to each other. As a result, even if the type of the crushed object changes during the dismantling work or the like, the crushing blade (the first crushing means of the crushing means) can be easily adapted to the type of the crushed object without replacing the crushing blade one by one. Alternatively, the second crushing means) can be used, and the object to be crushed can be easily crushed. Therefore, at a work site where crushed objects of different types coexist, it is not necessary to replace the blade each time, and efficient dismantling work can be performed.

For example, as in the second aspect of the present invention, a hydraulic excavator is provided with a support frame attached to the tip of a working arm, and a crushing arm rotatably supported by the support frame. First crushing means and second
The crushing means each have a fixed blade and a moving blade as a crushing blade, each fixed blade is provided on the support frame, and each moving blade is provided on the crushing arm. The fixed blade and the moving blade of the crushing means and the second crushing means may face each other.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the support frame is pivotally supported on the tip of the arm so as to be swingable in the front-rear direction, and the fixed blades are arranged back to back on the support frame. The crushing arm has a base end portion on which the hydraulic cylinder is pivotally supported, and two tip portions formed in a bifurcated shape, and is axially supported on the support frame at an intermediate position between the two tip portions. If the respective movable blades are arranged inward of the bifurcated tip, the structure can be simplified, the size can be reduced, and the weight can be further reduced.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the crushing blade of the first crushing means targets a crushable object including wood that can be crushed with a low force, and the crushing blade of the second crushing means is When crushing a crushable object including a scrap of iron or concrete that can be crushed by a strong force and operating the second crushing means in a closing direction, hydraulic oil flows into the oil chamber on the head side of the hydraulic cylinder. By doing so, the strong crushing force can be applied to the crushing means that requires the strong crushing force.

[0013]

1 is a diagram showing the overall construction of a crawler type hydraulic excavator equipped with a crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle body (main body) of this hydraulic excavator is composed of a lower traveling structure 1 and an upper revolving structure 2. The upper revolving structure 2 has a work arm 3 at the front thereof.
Is mounted so that it can be undulated.

The lower traveling unit 1 is composed of left and right crawler frames 4 and crawlers 5 (both are shown on one side only).
The both-side crawlers 5 are individually driven by the left and right traveling motors 6 to travel. The upper revolving structure 2 includes a revolving frame 7, a driver's cab 8, a machine room 9, and the like. In the machine room 9, an engine for driving a hydraulic pump or the like (not shown) is laterally arranged.

The working arm 3 includes a boom 17, a boom cylinder 18 that expands and contracts by hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic pump, and raises and lowers the boom, an arm 19, and an arm cylinder 20 that rotates the arm 19. A crusher 21 attached to the tip of the arm 19 in place of the standard bucket and a bucket cylinder 22 for rotating the crusher 21 are provided.

In FIG. 1, the crusher 21 puts the scrap cutting blades (crushing means, second crushing means, crushing blades) in the "open" state with the arm 19 standing upright, and the wood cutting blade ( The crushing means, the first crushing means, and the crushing blade) are in the “closed” state, and the crusher 21 sets the scrap cutting blade in the “open” state with the arm 19 lying down, and the wood cutting blade Although it is in the "closed" state, the arm 1 is actually
The crusher 21 can open and close the wood cutting blade and the scrap cutting blade regardless of the undulating state of 9. However, as will be described later, the opening and closing directions of the wood cutting blade and the scrap cutting blade are opposite to each other.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which scrap is cut by a crusher, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which wood is cut by a crusher. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the crusher 21 includes a support frame 211, a crushing arm 213, and an opening / closing cylinder 214 as a hydraulic cylinder.

Pin holes p1 and p2 are formed in the upper portion of the support frame 211 at predetermined intervals. The support frame 211 is pin-coupled to the tip of the arm 19 in FIG. 1 by these pin holes p1 and p2, and the tip of the telescopic rod of the bucket cylinder 22 is further coupled via the link mechanism 23. Then, the support frame 211 is rotated by appropriately expanding and contracting the bucket cylinder 22.

The support frame 211 is a Z-shaped base portion 2.
11a, the base portion 211a has pin holes p3, p4 formed at one end and the center thereof, and further, fixed blades 211b, 211c are provided at appropriate positions from the center to the other end within the rotation plane of the crushing arm 213 described below. Are arranged so that they are opposite to each other. Thus, by disposing the fixed blades 211b and 211c back to back on the support frame 211, the structure can be simplified, the size can be reduced, and the weight can be further reduced.

The crushing arm 213 has a base portion 213a having a bifurcated (vertical) shape at its tip portion.
A pin hole p5 serving as an axial fulcrum is bored in the middle of 13a, and a pin hole p6 is bored in a portion opposite to the tip end portion with respect to the pin hole p5. The moving blade 213b is formed at a position facing the fixed blade 211b of the frame 211, and the fixed blade 21 of the support frame 211 is formed.
A moving blade 213c is formed at a position facing 1c (the tip portion of the base portion 213a corresponds to the tip portion, and the supporting portion thereof corresponds to the base portion). Then, the base portion 213 of the crushing arm 213 is inserted into the pin hole p4 of the base portion 211a of the support frame 211.
When the pin holes p5 of a are overlapped and pin-joined, the crushing arm 2
13 is a base portion 213 a of the support frame 211.
It is rotatably supported by a. At this time, the fixed blade 211
The blades b and 211c and the moving blades 213b and 213c are respectively brought into contact with each other so that both blades are opened and closed.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an example of a scrap cutting blade, FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing an example of a wood cutting blade, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing another example of a wood cutting blade.

In FIG. 4, a pair of a fixed blade 211c and a moving blade 213c as scrap cutting blades are arranged so as to face each other as described above, but in the width direction so as to shear scrap such as iron or concrete. And alternate. The pair of the fixed blade 211c and the moving blade 213c is
It has a high rigidity and is suitable for cutting (crushing) scrap.

In FIG. 5, a pair of fixed blades 211b and moving blades 213b as wood cutting blades are also arranged to face each other, but as described above, the moving blades 213b have a sharp cross-sectional shape so as to easily bite into wood. The fixed blade 211b is in the form of a flat plate that is arranged so as to be laterally distributed with respect to the moving blade 213b so as to hold the wood bited by the moving blade 213b from the back surface. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 6, the fixed blade 211
b ′ may have a sharp cross-sectional shape similar to that of the moving blade 213b so that the fixed blade 211b ′ together with the moving blade 213b can be easily bited into the wood. These fixed blades 211
Each of the pair of b (211b ') and the moving blade 213b is suitable for cutting into wood and cutting (crushing).

Returning to FIG. 2 again and continuing the description, the main body of the opening / closing cylinder 214 is pin-connected to the pin hole p3 of the base portion 211a of the support frame 211, and the crushing arm 213 is connected.
In the pin hole p6 of the base portion 213a of the opening / closing cylinder 214
The end of the telescopic rod is pin-connected. The opening / closing cylinder 214 is a single-sided rod type double-acting cylinder arranged in the base portion 211a of the support frame 211, and the base portion 213a of the crushing arm 213 is opened / closed by the extension / contraction operation of the tip of the extension / contraction rod. There is. The stroke is set according to the opening / closing angle of the crushing arm 213. The hydraulic piping (not shown) from the port of the opening / closing cylinder 214 to the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic excavator main body is not shown in the arm 19.
It is installed by an appropriate route via the or boom 17. As a result, hydraulic oil can be supplied to the open / close cylinder 214.

In the expansion / contraction operation of the opening / closing cylinder 214, an operator appropriately operates an operation pedal (not shown) and a control valve (not shown) in the operator's cab 9 to switch the direction of supply of pressure oil from the hydraulic pump to the opening / closing cylinder 214. It is supposed to be done by doing so.

Here, when the opening / closing cylinder 214 is contracted to the minimum extent, the moving blade 213 of the crushing arm 213.
b comes into contact with the fixed blade 211b of the support frame 211 to be in the “closed” state, and the moving blade 2 of the crushing arm 213
13c is separated from the fixed blade 211c of the support arm 211 to be in the "open" state. On the other hand, when the open / close cylinder 214 is extended to the maximum extent, the moving blade 2 of the crushing arm 213
13b is separated from the fixed blade 211b of the support frame 211 to be in the “open” state, and the moving blade 213c of the crushing arm 213 is in contact with the fixed blade 211c of the support frame 211 to be in the “closed” state. Then, if the operation is stopped, the open / close cylinder 214 is stopped in the state at that time.

The general operation of the crusher will be described below with reference to FIGS.

First, when cutting the scrap 215, the boom 17 and the arm 19 are operated to remove the scrap 21.
5 is sandwiched by the crusher 21. At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, the tip of the expandable rod of the opening / closing cylinder 214 of the crusher 21 is contracted, and the fixed blade 2 as a scrap cutting blade is used.
11c and the moving blade 213c are in the "open" state.

In this state, the operator operates the operation pedal in the operator's cab 8, and the control valve is switched in conjunction with this operation, so that the operating oil supplied from the hydraulic pump in the machine room 9 is opened / closed by the opening / closing cylinder 214. Into the oil chamber on the head side to extend the telescopic rod of the opening / closing cylinder 214.

Then, the tip end of the telescopic rod of the opening / closing cylinder 214 forms the crushing arm 213 around the pin connecting portions (p4, p5) between the supporting frame 211 and the crushing arm 213.
Open and close cylinder 214 to rotate in the clockwise direction.
The pin connecting portion (p6) between the tip of the telescopic rod and the crushing arm 213 is pressed (actuated to the pushing side). This pressing force causes the moving blade 213c to "close" with respect to the fixed blade 211c.
Then, the scrap 215 sandwiched between the two blades is sheared. Then, the scrap 215 is cut into an appropriate size locally and carried out by a truck or the like.

Subsequently, when the wood 216 is cut, the boom 17 and the arm 19 are operated to sandwich the wood 216 with the crusher 21, but the fixed blades 211b and 211c are arranged back to back on the support frame 211. In the configuration, the swing angle of the support frame 211 with respect to the arm 19 at that time can be small. At this time, as shown in FIG.
The end of the telescopic rod of the opening / closing cylinder 214 of the crusher 21 is extended, and the fixed blade 211b and the moving blade 213b, which are blades for cutting wood, are in the "open" state.

In this state, the operator operates the operation pedal in the operator's cab 8, and the control valve is switched in conjunction with this operation, so that the hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic pump in the machine room 9 opens and closes the opening / closing cylinder 214. Flows into the rod-side oil chamber and contracts the telescopic rod of the opening / closing cylinder 214.

Then, the tip end of the telescopic rod of the opening / closing cylinder 214 moves the crushing arm 213 around the pin connecting portions (p4, p5) between the supporting frame 211 and the crushing arm 213 in FIG.
Open and close cylinder 21 so that it rotates in the counterclockwise direction.
The pin connecting portion (p6) between the tip of the telescopic rod 4 and the crushing arm 213 is pulled (actuated to the pulling side). This pulling force causes the moving blade 213b to "close" with respect to the fixed blade 211b.
Then, the wood 216 sandwiched between the blades is pushed down.
Then, the wood 216 is locally cut into an appropriate size and volume-reduced by a mobile crusher.

As described above, in the present embodiment, when the scrap 215 that requires a large driving force is cut, the working oil enters the oil chamber on the head side having a large piston lower area (not shown) in the opening / closing cylinder 214, and The large driving force generated by the pushing operation by the hydraulic oil is utilized, while the hydraulic oil enters the rod-side oil chamber having a small area above the piston (not shown) in the opening / closing cylinder 214 for cutting the wood 216 that requires a small driving force. A small driving force generated by the pulling operation by the hydraulic oil is used.
Therefore, a strong crushing force can be applied to the scrap cutting blade that requires a strong crushing force.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the fixed blade 211c and the moving blade 213c as scrap cutting blades are used.
And a pair of a fixed blade 211b as a wood cutting blade and a moving blade 213b, and a common opening / closing cylinder 214
Both the cutting blades are opened and closed by the above, and when the pair of the fixed blade 211c as the scrap cutting blade and the moving blade 213c is in the closed (open) state, the fixed blade 211b as the wood cutting blade and the moving blade 213b are Since the pair of Nos. 1 and 2 are configured to be opened (closed), if the crusher 21 is attached to the tip of the arm 19 of the hydraulic excavator, the supply direction of the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic excavator main body side can be switched. By simply operating the open / close cylinder 214 in reverse, both cutting blades provided in the crusher 21 can be opened / closed in opposite directions,
Even if the type of the crushed object changes during the dismantling work, the cutting blade can be used according to the type of the crushed object without replacing the cutting blade one by one, and the crushed object is easily crushed. Like Therefore, at a work site where crushed objects of different types coexist, it is not necessary to replace the blade each time, and efficient dismantling work can be performed.

In the above embodiment, the pair of the fixed blade 211c and the moving blade 213c, which are blades for cutting wood, are used as the wood 2
Although 16 is cut, a crushable object other than wood that can be crushed with a low force may be the crushing target. Further, although the scrap 215 is sheared by the pair of the fixed blade 211b as the scrap cutting blade and the moving blade 213b, a crushable object other than scrap that can be crushed by a strong force may be the crushing target.

Although the crusher 21 is not rotatable with respect to the arm 19 in the above embodiment, the crusher 21 may be rotatable with respect to the arm 19. Further, the turning angle may be adjusted remotely.

In the above embodiment, the hydraulic excavator provided with the crusher 21 is of the crawler type, but
The applicable range of the present invention is not limited to this, and other hydraulic excavators such as a wheel type may be used.

[0039]

According to the present invention, if the crusher is attached to the tip of the working arm of the hydraulic excavator, the crusher can be crushed only by operating the common hydraulic cylinder by supplying hydraulic oil from the hydraulic excavator body side. The first crushing means and the second crushing means of the crushing means provided in the machine can be opened and closed in opposite directions. As a result, even if the type of the crushed object changes during the dismantling work or the like, the crushing blade (the first crushing means of the crushing means) can be easily adapted to the type of the crushed object without replacing the crushing blade one by one. Alternatively, the second crushing means) can be used, and the object to be crushed can be easily crushed. Therefore, at a work site where crushed objects of different types coexist, there is no need to replace the blade each time, and efficient dismantling work can be performed.

According to the third aspect of the invention, the structure can be simplified, the size can be reduced, and the weight can be further reduced.

According to the fourth aspect of the invention, the strong crushing force can be applied to the crushing means which requires the strong crushing force.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a crawler hydraulic excavator including a crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a state in which scrap is cut by a crusher.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a state in which wood is cut by a crusher.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a scrap cutting blade.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a wood cutting blade.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a wood cutting blade.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a structure of a conventional wood crusher,
(A) is a front view, (b) is sectional drawing of a blade part.

FIG. 8 is a view showing a structure of a conventional wood / scrap crusher, in which (a) is a front view, (b) is a sectional view of a wood cutting blade, and (c) is a scrap cutting blade. FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Lower Traveling Body 2 Upper Revolving Body 3 Working Arm 17 Boom 19 Arm 21 Crusher 211 Support Frame 211a Bases 211b, 211b 'Fixed Blade of Wood Cutting Blade (Crushing Means, First Crushing Means, Crushing Blade) 211c Scrap Cutting Fixed blade of cutter blade (crushing means, second crushing means, crushing blade) 213 crushing arm 213a base (tip, base end) 213b moving blade of wood cutting blade (crushing means, first crushing means, crushing) Blade) 213c Moving blade of scrap cutting blade (crushing means, second
Crushing means, crushing blade) 214 Opening / closing cylinder (hydraulic cylinder) 215 Scrap (crushed object) 216 Wood (crushed object)

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Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A crushing means which is attached to the tip of a working arm of a hydraulic excavator and which opens and closes to crush the object to be crushed, and the crushing means is opened and closed by hydraulic oil supplied from the body of the hydraulic excavator. In the crusher having a hydraulic cylinder, the crushing means includes a first crushing means and a second crushing means, and the first crushing means and the second crushing means are common hydraulic cylinders. When the first crushing means is closed, the second crushing means is opened, and when the first crushing means is open, the second crushing means is closed. A crusher characterized by being configured as follows. 2. A hydraulic excavator comprising a support frame attached to a tip of a working arm, and a crushing arm pivotally supported by the support frame, and the first crushing means and the second crushing means. Each of the means has a fixed blade and a moving blade as a crushing blade, each fixed blade is provided on the support frame, each moving blade is provided on the crushing arm, and the first crushing unit is provided. The crushing machine according to claim 1, wherein the fixed blade and the moving blade of the means and the second crushing means face each other. 3. The support frame is pivotally supported on the tip of the arm so as to be swingable in the front-rear direction, the fixed blades are arranged back to back on the support frame, and the crushing arm is A base end portion on which the hydraulic cylinder is pivotally supported, and two tip portions formed in a bifurcated shape,
3. The crusher according to claim 2, wherein the crushing machine is pivotally supported by the support frame at an intermediate position between the two tip portions, and the respective moving blades are arranged inward of the bifurcated tip portions. 4. The crushing blade of the first crushing means targets a crushable object containing wood and capable of being crushed with a low force, and the crushing blade of the second crushing means includes a strong scrap containing iron or concrete. Crush objects that can be crushed by force,
The crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when the second crushing means is operated in a closing direction, the working oil is allowed to flow into a head-side oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder.