JP2003070346A - Base for vegetation, method for laying the base and method for plant cultivation using the base - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a base for vegetation with which seeds of favorite plants are embedded in a coating layer made of plant material of the surface layer, the plants are cultivated in the environment having excellent air permeability/ drainage property and a certain degree of water holding property and the vegetation environment which seems to be directly planted and has integral width and natural fullness can be produced on the rooftop of building, a paved roadside, a concrete surface outside the front door, etc., having difficulty in plant cultivation in the conventional base for vegetation. SOLUTION: Coating layers 2 and 6 made of a plant material comprising fibers of coconut husk as a main material are supported and formed on at least the upper side and the lower side of a porous base 1 made of ceramic. The base has air permeability/drainage property and proper water holding property, innumerable pores 3 which ceramic essentially has and pores 3 and 4 formed by expansion marks of carbon oxide (carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide) produced by combustion of charcoal 5 and/or an organic material by mixing a ceramic raw material with the charcoal 5 and/or the organic material at a stage before firing and then firing the mixture.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a porous structure formed by evaporation of water in a step of heating and raising the temperature of a ceramic molded article, as well as firing of charcoal and / or an organic material,
At least the upper and lower surfaces of a ceramic porous substrate having a large number of continuous pores and / or independent pores formed by a foaming gas such as carbon oxide (carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide) or steam generated by combustion. Regarding a greening base material and a method of using the same, in which a coating layer formed of a plant material is laminated, and plant seeds are put into this to germinate or plant seedlings, and the method of using the same, It is a place where planting is not possible, such as rooftops and roofs of buildings such as buildings, balconies, front doors, outdoor stairs, roadsides and parks covered with concrete etc., embankments covered with concrete etc. A greening base material that can be used for cultivating plants in these places by laying them in places and using them as outer wall materials for walls and outdoor walls, and for greening these places. METHOD laying wood further relates a method of cultivating plants using this greening base material.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Natural greenery and flowers make people feel relaxed, relieve tiredness, and create a rich living environment. For this reason,
Personal needs and social demands for planting flowers are growing stronger than before, and especially in cities with few greens, combined with the recent horticultural boom, verandas, front doors, eaves, buildings Many horticultural scenes using rooftops have become available.

Conventionally, planters such as flower pots and flower boxes have been used when cultivating plants in such a place where they cannot be planted directly.
In a small area, for example, in a large area such as the rooftop of a building, soil was brought in to build a garden or flowerbed.

However, if a large area is to be greened, it is necessary to arrange a large number of planters. With this arrangement, the planting surface of each planter is cultivated by the side edges formed around each planter. Because it is divided, even if you grow and grow plants here, there will be gaps without plants in the parts along the side edges of each planter,
In addition, the growth and growth status of plants is different for each planter,
It will be sparse. As a result, there are problems that the viewer feels complicated and uncomfortable, and the leaves of the plant do not become a garden with a natural feeling and the desired beauty cannot be obtained. Furthermore, when turfgrass is cultivated using a planter, the cultivated surface is higher than the height equivalent to the ground, giving a feeling of pressure to the viewer and creating a natural lawn that matches the height of the ground. It doesn't happen.

On the other hand, if the soil is brought into a cultivation surface such as a roof to build a garden or a flower bed, some of the problems mentioned above will not occur, but on the other hand, in order to improve the rooting of the plant. It is necessary to thicken the soil layer, which requires a large amount of soil, and as a result, when building a garden on the roof of a building, for example, a large amount of soil is brought in, and soil from rainwater or watering is used. It is necessary to consider the strength when constructing the building, such as measures to prevent the outflow of water, measures for drainage, and the strength of the building, and a large amount of cost is required for the initial construction. In addition, if the soil is carried in in this way, it is difficult to change the pattern after that, and in particular, a large amount of soil removal work and a large amount of cost are required at the time of waterproof repair work on the rooftop.

For these reasons, recently, a so-called greening base material has been developed, which can be installed just like a planter, has no bulkiness like a planter, and does not worry about soil flow. It has been commercialized.

Examples of this type of greening base material include "plant growing base material" described in JP-A-10-56876 and "vegetation base material" described in JP-A-11-293677. .

[0008] The "plant growing base material" described in JP-A-10-56876 refers to 10 to 90% by weight of dust contained in coconut pericarp and 90 to 10% by weight of small pieces of coconut pericarp, and optionally coco fiber 1 to 40. The "vegetation base material" described in JP-A No. 11-293677 is a non-woven fabric or a fiber mat in which fibers containing at least oil palm fibers are contained.
All of these base materials are spread in the plane direction,
The seeds of plants are put in here to germinate, or seedlings are planted to grow and grow the plants so as to achieve greening.

[0009]

However, according to these conventional techniques, even if the base material is laid on a desired laying surface,
Since each material of coconut palm (oil palm) is relatively lightweight, there is a problem that the base material is liable to be peeled off or displaced, and a part of the base material is liable to be unsightly.

Further, according to these conventional techniques, when the fiber mat layer contains fertilizer in order to promote the growth of plants, the fertilizer moves to the lower side of the base material due to long-term progress and rainfall, and further, There was a problem that it was easy to run off from under the base material.

Further, according to these conventional techniques, there is an idea that a water-absorbing polymer is contained in the fiber mat layer in order to improve the growth environment of the plant, but the water-retaining action of the water-absorbing polymer also increases over time. In addition, the water-absorbent polymer is easy to dry under the hot summer in the middle of summer, and the water-retaining action is significantly deteriorated due to deterioration and deterioration under the influence of ultraviolet rays and oxygen in the air. is there.

Further, according to these prior arts, when a plant is cultivated by laying a base material on a concrete surface, the root of the plant is along the concrete surface because the cultivated surface is formed of a thin layer only of the base material. It stretches so that it sticks. As a result, air permeability and drainage are reduced around the bottom surface of the base material, water pools and root rot easily occur, which deteriorates the growth environment of the plant and when this concrete surface is on the roof of the building. Was also a cause of water leakage.

The present inventor considers that the above-mentioned "plant growing base material" and "greening base material" according to the prior art have each of these problems, and therefore, a novel greening base material that solves these problems. We started to develop technology. Then, as a result of diligent study after that, finally, while solving the above-mentioned problems, breathability, drainage, excellent water retention, and a greening base material that can create a more favorable greening environment, The inventors have completed the invention of a method for laying this greening base material and a method for cultivating a plant using this greening base material.

The present invention completed through the above process is
By laminating a coating layer formed of a plant material on a ceramic porous substrate, ensuring the ventilation and drainage by the coating layer, and having a suitable water retention, yet maintain the posture and growth of the plant, An environment suitable as a soil surface that is excellent for growth and a porous ceramic substrate that provides excellent breathability, water retention and drainage, and an environment suitable for plant root growth and growth. By laying the sheets freely and achieving a stable laying with a green ground that is as wide as the ground, by mixing or sowing the seeds of your favorite plant in the coating layer made of this plant material, or The purpose of the present invention is to cultivate a plant by planting seedlings of a favorite plant, thereby providing a greening substrate capable of creating an integrated, expansive and natural rich greening environment as if directly planted. To do.

Further, the present invention provides a method for laying a greening base material, in which such greening base materials are alternately and horizontally laid, or alternately laid at different positions. With the goal.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating a plant using such a greening base material.

[0017]

[Means for Solving the Problems] A greening base material according to the present invention, which has been proposed to achieve the above object, is a ceramic porous base material having a plant material at a position covering at least the upper surface and the lower surface thereof. It is characterized in that the coating layer formed in (1) is laminated and the coating layer on the upper surface is a plant growth layer.

The base material for greening according to the present invention is laid on a desired surface, and plant seeds are mixed in an upper surface coating layer made of plant material or seedlings are planted to grow and grow the plant. It is a base material that grows and extends the roots of plants not only in this coating layer but also in the pores formed in the ceramic porous substrate to green the laying surface, and only on the ground. No, the roofs of buildings such as buildings where the plants cannot be directly planted, balconies, front doors, outdoor stairs, roadsides and parks covered with concrete, etc. and embankments and dams covered with concrete. It can be used by laying it in a place such as or fixed to a wall or an outdoor wall.

The ceramic porous substrate used as the greening substrate of the present invention has a great feature in its structure. Next, this will be described in detail.

The ceramic porous base material used for the greening base material of the present invention is obtained by mixing the ceramic raw material with charcoal and / or organic material, and further kneading with water if necessary. In addition to the porous structure that is naturally formed by evaporation of water at the stage of heating and raising the temperature of the ceramic product molded body, it is made into a viscous body and molded into a ceramic molded product of the desired shape,
Foaming gases such as carbon oxides (carbon dioxide and / or carbon monoxide) and water vapor generated by the firing and combustion of charcoal and / or organic materials form a large number of continuous and / or independent pores. It is a ceramics sintered molded product with high porosity, and the charcoal that was included at the time of its manufacture, in addition to the innumerable minute pores spontaneously formed by its manufacture, including the inside And / or it has a high porosity because it has a large number of continuous pores formed by the escape traces of bubbles generated by firing the organic material.

That is, the porous substrate thus formed has a large number of pores, including the inside thereof, formed by the traces of bubbles generated by the combustion of the charcoal and / or the organic material contained during the production. Since it is formed, it has a high porosity.

In the present invention, the viscous form is not particularly limited as long as it is a state in which a mixture containing a ceramic raw material as a main component can be put into a mold and molded into a predetermined shape. , Concrete or clay. Hereinafter, each material required for forming the porous substrate will be described.

First, the ceramic raw materials will be described in detail. The ceramic raw materials used here are mainly ceramic raw materials conventionally used as raw materials for bricks, tiles, pottery and the like. Specific examples of the main materials include, for example, diatomaceous earth, silica sand, quartzite, kaolin minerals, serpentine, lizardite, chrysotile, mica kiln raw material mineral, vermiculite, smectite, expanded shirasu, pearlite, obsidian, hirustone, shale, sand Appearance, Kira, Feldspar, Glass, Alumina, Fly ash, Cement selected materials, or a mixture of several materials. Which of these materials is selected? It depends on whether to obtain the porous substrate of.

If desired, a mixture of these porous materials with at least one material selected from gravel, coarse sand, fine sand or silt may be used.

In the production of this porous base material, there is a step of adding water to a ceramic raw material and kneading the mixture to form a viscous body, which is then molded into a molded product having a predetermined shape. Depending on the situation, the binding force of water may not work. That is, when the proportion of the ceramic raw material having coarse particles is large, the shape of the ceramic raw material collapses and it becomes difficult to form a molded body.
For this reason, it is desirable that the ceramic raw material has fine particles as the main material.

Regarding this point, in soil science, clay is
"Soil consisting of an inorganic natural material that exhibits viscosity and plasticity when it contains an appropriate amount of water, and whose particles are 2 μm or less"
However, the ceramic raw material used in the present invention may not be so strictly defined, for example, the ceramic raw material as the main material, silt, fine sand,
In addition to gravel, sand, gravel, cement, pottery, bricks, roof tiles and aggregates such as crushed waste materials such as concrete are also included.

Next, the charcoal used in forming the porous substrate will be described. The charcoal used here is
It is not particularly limited as long as it is a carbide obtained by carbonizing an organic material or a powder or crushed product thereof, as the organic material, specifically, for example, rice husk, straw waste,
At least one selected from wood scraps, wood powder, bamboo powder, leaf scraps or coconut shells and crushed pieces, coconut shell dust, coconut shell powder, coconut shell fibers and short fiber, and other plant-based organic matter Can be mentioned. Among them, at least one selected from the organic materials such as coconut shell and crushed pieces thereof, coconut shell dust, coconut shell powder, coconut shell fiber and short fiber, etc. is an excellent carbon oxide (foaming gas). 2) is generated in a large amount, and a porous substrate having a very high degree of porosity, which is formed by the traces thereof, is obtained, which is preferable.

When charcoal is mixed into the ceramic raw material as described above, when the molded body is fired in the furnace, the charcoal reacts with oxygen in the air and oxygen contained in the molded body (ceramic raw material) to burn. And carbon oxides (carbon dioxide and / or carbon monoxide)
Occurs, and a large number of continuous pores and / or independent pores, especially continuous pores, which are formed by the escape traces of the foaming gas are formed.

A method of mixing charcoal and / or an organic material in a ceramic raw material, and further adding water to the mixture to knead the mixture into a viscous body, if necessary, and molding this into a ceramic article molding of a desired shape, There are pressure molding, extrusion molding, casting molding, casting into a mold, injection molding and the like, and any of these known molding methods suitable for the size of the molded product may be adopted. In the entire body including the inside of the preform thus preformed, most of them are invisible to the naked eye, but innumerable fine gaps are formed due to the coupling of the filling particles.

By the way, in addition to the pores formed by the escape traces of the foaming gas, the porous substrate thus formed has
When at least one selected from a part of charcoal or a part of charcoal of an organic material is made to remain and disperse in a large amount throughout the entire porous substrate, it is possible to obtain excellent properties due to the innumerable continuous pores and / or independent pores. In addition to the adsorption function, a part of a large number of the charcoal remaining or dispersed in communication with these pores or a part of the charcoal of an organic material exhibits various excellent functions such as excellent adsorption power, fertilizing power and water retention. So desirable.

As described above, the method of leaving the carbides inside the porous substrate can be achieved by shortening the firing time of the porous substrate or lowering the firing temperature.
By remaining and dispersing the carbide in the porous base material in this manner, finer pores can be created in the porous base material, so that the water retention is further increased, and moreover, the plant pores are retained in the fine pores. It is also possible to grow microorganisms that are essential for growth. It is also known that fine carbide pores prevent the growth of harmful bacteria.

When the ceramic material is mixed with the ceramic raw material as described above, oxygen in the air flowing from the pores naturally formed by the evaporation of water and the molding (ceramics) in the stage of heating and raising the temperature of the ceramics compact Oxygen contained in the raw material, especially various oxides) undergoes an oxidation reaction with the organic material when firing the ceramic product compact in the furnace, and this organic material burns to produce carbon oxide (dioxide). Carbon and / or carbon monoxide) is generated, and as a result, a trace of foaming gas is formed in the whole, resulting in high porosity in which numerous pores are formed as continuous pores and / or independent pores. A ceramic porous substrate is obtained.

These pores are not limited to through-holes, inlet holes, openings having a narrow inlet, grooves and cut shapes, but these pores are independent pores inside the sintered product, or these pores are burnt. This results in innumerable continuous pores that are intricately entangled with each other or communicate with each other inside the product, and moreover, rather than independent pores, a large number of continuous pores are formed. Therefore, in this porous substrate, the ratio of the volume of fine pores to the whole, that is, the porosity is increased and the above-mentioned function is effectively exhibited.

As described above, in this porous substrate, in addition to innumerable natural pores, innumerable positive pores due to the combustion traces of the organic material are formed, and therefore, the ratio of pores per unit area. Porosity is extremely high. In order to change the porosity to a desired value, charcoal and / or
Alternatively, the blending ratio of the organic material and its size may be adjusted.

From the above, the porous base material used in the present invention has a porous structure having a high porosity in each step, and therefore, in particular, the fertilizing property, the air permeability, the water absorption property, and the permeability property. It exhibits extremely high functions in various functions such as water resistance, heat insulation, adsorption, and soundproofing.

By the way, the porous substrate used in the present invention may be mixed with a binder other than water, an additive, etc. Specifically, for example, in order to obtain a brick-colored porous substrate. Can be added and blended with clay containing iron oxide.In addition, porous aggregates and inorganic adsorbents such as zeolite, vermiculite, perlite, pumice, vermiculite, kaolin, montmorillonite or dolomite can be added to this porous substrate. It is preferable to add an appropriate amount in the kneading step, and by configuring in this way, other functions such as fertilizer retention, breathability, water absorption, water permeability, heat insulation, adsorption, soundproofing, etc. Is extremely preferable, and thus is preferable.

Further, in order to improve the strength and durability of the ceramic porous substrate used in the present invention,
At least one selected from a metal fiber, a metal net or a punching metal may be contained and arranged as long as the above-mentioned respective functions are not deteriorated.

The shape and size of the porous substrate used in the present invention are not necessarily limited, but for example, the plate thickness is about 0.5 to 10 cm, and the size can be carried by one hand. , A plate-shaped member having a rectangular surface, and a plate-shaped member having a hexagonal surface.

By the way, as described above, the greening base material according to the present invention is characterized in that the coating layer made of a plant material is supported at a portion covering at least the upper surface and the lower surface of the ceramic porous base material. The material for forming the coating layer will be described next.

The material used in the coating layer made of plant material in the present invention is mainly composed of a material made of plant material, and a soil improver, fertilizer and mulch in a proportion of 20% by weight or less. Can be mentioned.

The plant material is not particularly limited as long as it is obtained from a plant and is useful for seed germination, plant growth and growth, but specifically,
Examples include rice husks, straw chips, fine tree branches, wood chips, long wood fibers, palms, bamboo fibers, crushed leaves of bamboo leaves, leaf chips or palm shells, palm shell fibers and short fibers, coconut dust, reeds, etc. Among them, the one having coconut shell fiber as an essential component is the most suitable. The reason is that since the fibers of the palm shell are difficult to biodegrade, the durability of the greening base material is extremely improved, and the greening base material can be used for a long period of time, which is extremely economical, and The long fibers of the palm shell make it easy to entangle and integrate the fibers intricately, and to adjust the gaps between the fibers appropriately to mix plant seeds or plant seedlings. This is because it can be easily done, and the shape does not collapse even if it is rained or sprinkled.

The means for supporting the coating layer made of the plant material on the porous substrate is not necessarily limited, but it is desirable to use, for example, an adhesive, particularly a natural rubber adhesive. The reason is that the natural rubber adhesive has flexibility and elasticity, so the plant fiber layer does not lose its shape even when stepping on the laid greening base material. This is because it has the advantage of returning to the state of, and is gentle against nature.

There are several methods for supporting on which side of the porous base material the coating layer made of a plant material is supported. At least the ceramic porous base material laminated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the porous base material is used. Can be mentioned.

The purpose of supporting the coating layer made of a plant material on the upper surface of the porous substrate is to grow and grow plants here, and the state of being laminated on the entire upper surface of the porous substrate. To support and stack. The thickness of the upper coating layer is not necessarily limited, but a preferable example is one that is vertically compressed or uncompressed to about 0.5 to several cm, and the like.
By using a product compressed to this thickness, the posture is easy to stabilize when the seeds of the plant are put in the coating layer made of this plant material without wasting the plant fiber more than necessary, and it can be widely used. It is desirable because it can establish roots.

The purpose of supporting the coating layer made of plant material on the lower surface of the porous base material is that the coating layer functions as an aeration / drainage layer, and the air permeability of the porous base material during rainfall is improved. It improves the water drainage from the porous base material to the lower part thereof, and also serves as a cushioning material for concrete and the ground such as the roof of a building. In other words, if the porous base material is placed directly on concrete, etc., the water handling will become poor, it will become slippery, and the pores formed on the bottom surface of the porous base material will be blocked by the installation surface. This is because the water permeability and air permeability in the porous substrate are also adversely affected.

The thickness of the lower coating layer made of plant material is
Although not necessarily limited, for example, 0.2 to
By using the one that is vertically compressed or uncompressed to about 1 cm, the plant material is not wasted more than necessary, and it becomes a cushion between the porous base material and the installation surface such as concrete. It is also possible to prevent the installation surface from being damaged, and it is possible to improve the air permeability and drainage property of the porous base material described above. The coating layer made of a plant material of this lower layer is basically supported on the entire lower surface of the porous substrate, but for example, the coating layer made of a plant material is provided at a position along the periphery of the lower surface of the porous substrate. It may be one that is supported.

Here, the reason why the aeration / drainage layer is formed of a coating layer made of plant material is that the aeration / drainage layer formed in this way has flexible drainage and water retention properties in response to changes in weather and the like. This is because it develops and has excellent durability.

Thus, by supporting the coating layer made of plant material on the upper surface and the lower surface of the porous substrate, the plant firmly roots on the coating layer made of plant material on the upper surface side of the porous substrate. It becomes fixed and some of its roots reach the pores of the porous substrate. Moreover, in the coating layer made of this plant material, the gaps between the plant materials are formed, and further, since the porous substrate is also formed with pores containing innumerable through holes, The breathability necessary for growth is maintained. In particular, even if these innumerable through-holes are temporarily saturated by sprinkling water or rainwater, the lower part of the porous substrate is covered with a plant material to ensure breathability and drainage. Most of the water is drained by the water permeability of the porous base material while leaving an appropriate amount of water. Moreover, the environment suitable for the growth of plants is naturally created in which fresh air enters after the water is saturated with the drainage.

Further, the coating layer made of these plant materials, particularly the thick coating layer made of the plant material on the upper side, has an appropriate water retention property, and is formed on the porous substrate thereunder. Many of the pores are fine, and they are intricately intertwined with each other.
It also excels in proper water retention, which is essential for plant growth.

By the way, as described above, innumerable pores composed of natural pores and positive pores are formed in the porous base material, and the roots of the plant reach into these pores. Since many of them have a structure in which they are intricately entwined with each other, it is possible that the roots do not reach the pores of the porous substrate sufficiently. In this case, there is a possibility that the water retaining function and the fertilizing function of the porous base material cannot be fully utilized. Moreover, when the leaves of the plant grow upward and are exposed to the wind, the posture of the plant may become unstable and the plant may easily fall over.

Therefore, as a greening base material according to another structure of the present invention, a large number of deep holes artificially formed at the time of forming the porous base material made of ceramic from the upper surface downward. The thing using what it has can be mentioned.

This hole may be a through hole penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface of the porous base material, but it is preferably a deep bottomed one in order to maintain an appropriate water retaining function and fertilizing function. Specifically, for example, a large number of thin nail holes having a depth of about two-thirds of the thickness of the porous base material are formed at equal or arbitrary intervals. . These holes are specially designed for ceramic moldings that still contain moisture before the sintering of the porous base material and are flexible, with a large number of needles fixed to the base part like the sword mountain used for flower arrangement. It may be formed by pushing the tool in from above.

When the ceramic molded article with the holes thus formed is fired and sintered in a furnace, the above-mentioned pores centered around the holes spread in all directions like ant nests, and part of them expand. A porous substrate that escapes outward is formed. According to this structure, the roots grown from the seeds of the plant extend toward the inside of the hole, and the thin roots extend toward the inside of the pores branched from the hole, so that the stability of the plant is dramatically improved. Moreover, since there is air in the holes and pores, and water and nutrients are accumulated in an appropriate amount, root rot is less likely to occur, and as a result that water and nutrients can be sufficiently supplemented, further plant growth,
It can be an effective greening base material for growth.

The diameter of the hole is not particularly limited, but for the purpose, it is generally preferable to be in the range of 0.5 to 10 cm, of which several cm or more is like a pot. It is also possible to grow plants with the sense.

The shape of the greening base material described above is not particularly limited, but in particular,
A plate-like member having a square or hexagonal surface is preferable because it is easy to mold and die-cut, and it is extremely easy to lay it on the roof of a building, a road, or a slope of a park.

As an example thereof, a porous base material in which a lattice-shaped, round-shaped or honeycomb-shaped space is formed between outer frames having a porous structure made of ceramic having the above-mentioned porous structure is used. It is a greening base material. Of course, in this case as well, a coating layer made of a plant material is laminated at a portion covering at least the upper surface and the lower surface of the porous base material.

This kind of porous substrate has a plurality of shapes. One of them is, for example, a square outer frame having a side of about 30 cm in plan view and having a width of 15 mm inside. A skeleton structure having a wall thickness of about 0.3 to 5 cm, in which a plurality of grids are formed in the XY direction and a plurality of grid-like spaces surrounded by the outer frame and the grids are formed, is mentioned. .

Further, as another shape of the porous base material, for example, there is a square outer frame having a side of about 30 cm in plan view, and a grid of 15 mm width is provided inside the frame to form 3 to 15 regular hexagonal spaces in the vertical and horizontal directions. Alternatively, a lattice-shaped, round or honeycomb shape having a wall thickness of about 3 to 30 mm, which is formed by arranging round-shaped spaces side by side, may be mentioned.

As a porous substrate having another shape, for example, a regular hexagonal outer frame having a side of about 30 cm in plan view and having a 15 mm wide grid inside thereof has 3 to 15 regular hexagonal sides each. Examples thereof include a lattice-like, round or honeycomb structure having a wall thickness of about 3 to 30 mm, which is formed by arranging spaces or round spaces.

The ceramic porous substrate having each of these shapes is characterized in that it has a lattice-shaped space, a circular space, or a honeycomb-shaped space formed inside thereof.
The space is filled with at least one selected from plant material, mulch or cultivated soil, and, if desired, an appropriate amount of fertilizer in addition to this. Therefore, as a greening substrate of still another configuration of the present invention, at least one selected from plant material, mulch or cultivated soil in the space formed in the ceramic porous substrate, further desired In addition to this, it is possible to cite the one filled with an appropriate amount of fertilizer.

In order to maintain the state where the plant fibers and / or the culture soil are contained in each space, it is necessary to make a bottom at the bottom or the bottom of each space. Was composed of a coating layer made of plant material supported on the lower surface of the porous substrate. Then, a coating layer made of a plant material was also supported on the upper surface of this porous substrate. As a result, the plant fibers and / or the culture soil (hereinafter, abbreviated as an inner layer) housed in each of the spaces are composed of upper and lower coating layers made of plant material and lateral porous base materials (walls). It is in a wrapped state.

As the upper and lower coating layers made of plant material, the same coating layers as the upper and lower coating layers made of plant material are used. At least one selected from the plant material, mulch or cultivated soil constituting the inner layer, and if desired, an appropriate amount of fertilizer may be the above-mentioned or known cultivated soil. Specifically, for example, red soil, Kanuma soil, peat and grass charcoal processed product, heat moss, microbial material, corrosive acid material, processed poultry fertilizer, earthworm dung, shell powder, shell fossil, activated carbon, dolomite, isolite, pentonite,
Examples thereof include a mixture of at least one selected from zeolite, perlite, permiculite, and other various soil improving materials, and a known fertilizer.

When the inner layer is provided inside the greening base material in this way, a seed layer of the plant is planted or a seed layer of the plant is planted in the covering layer made of a plant material above the inner layer or in the inner layer. Then, it becomes possible to take root widely in this inner layer. Moreover, this inner layer contains nutrients that are essential for plant growth. Further, since the peripheral side of each inner layer is surrounded by the porous base material (wall), the air permeability and proper water retention necessary for plant growth are secured. Furthermore,
Since the coating layer made of a plant material is located below the internal layer, it exhibits flexible drainage and water retention against changes in weather and the like, and has appropriate durability. Therefore, root rot does not occur.

In the present invention, the porous material made of a ceramic material is not limited to one having a coating layer made of a plant material supported on the upper surface and the lower surface, and the porous material is covered with a coating layer made of a plant material. I can list the ones I was given.

Further, in the present invention, there is mentioned a greening base material in which a fertilizer and / or a nutrient is contained inside a coating layer made of a plant material or a porous base material constituting an upper part of the greening base material. The fertilizers and nutrients mentioned here are not limited to those made from organic materials, and known ones including chemical fertilizers may be used.

As described above, the greening base material according to the present invention has a square shape and a hexagonal shape as a whole in plan view. In both cases, the greening base material has a desired width and a desired width. It is used by laying it on the laying surface so that it has a shape.

As described above, the greening base material according to the present invention has a stable shape and posture secured by the hard porous base material, and the lower coating layer made of plant material serves as a cushion. Therefore, even if there is some unevenness on the installation surface, this is absorbed and a stable posture is secured. Therefore, even if the other greening base materials are not necessarily arranged side by side around the greening base material, the positional displacement does not occur among the greening base materials.

However, after laying the greening base material,
External pressure may be applied to the greening base material such as when a person walks into the greening base material, thereby shifting one sheet located at the end of the greened base material.

As a method for preventing such a situation from occurring, the present inventor also proposed a greening base material in which the engaging portion of the connecting member is formed on the above-mentioned greening base material.

As the connecting locking portion, specifically, for example, a concave portion is formed upward from the lower surface near the end portion of the porous base material, and each concave portion of the adjacent porous base material is formed. It suffices to make one end of each of the connecting members such as hail stick into each other. By doing so, the adjacent greening base materials can be firmly connected to each other, and the one greening base material will not be displaced even if some external pressure is applied.

By the way, after laying the greening base material,
As the plant cultivated using this greening base material grows upwards, it gradually falls to one side depending on the direction of the sun and the weight of the leaves of the plant, regardless of the root growth. It becomes easy to do.

As a method of preventing such a situation, the present inventor proposes a method of laying greening base materials alternately and horizontally. In other words, the whole plant that grows upward from one greening base material tends to fall in one direction and is prone to lodge, so that the leaf of the plant that grows up from the adjacent greening base material will not catch it. To do. In this way, the time for laying the greening base material is after the leaves of the plant have grown to some extent, and it is sufficient to change the orientation of part of the greening base material that has been laid once.

Further, as described above, since the greening base material maintains a stable posture even after it is laid, it is always necessary to bring the adjacent greening base materials into contact with each other all around. Even if they are not arranged side by side, the positional deviation is unlikely to occur.

For this reason, the present inventor proposes, as one form of the method for laying the greening base material, a method for laying the greening base material in which the greening base materials are alternately laid and displaced. This laying method is particularly suitable when a rectangular greening base material is used, and specifically, for example, the greening base materials in the end rows are alternately laid back and forth, or each Instead of arranging the greening base materials side by side, a method of laying them with a slight gap in the front-back direction may be considered. The reason for using such a laying method is to improve the appearance of the green surface.

As described above, the greening base material according to the present invention is
The shape and size of the installation surface can be freely designed. The present invention, as described above, is laid on a concrete surface such as the entrance or the rooftop of a building, embedded seeds of plants, or planting seedlings of plants, a very simple method for cultivating the greening base material. Also has features.

[0076]

The objects and constitutions of the present invention are as described above. Next, the greening base material according to the present invention will be described in detail in accordance with examples embodying the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. In the following description of each example and the accompanying drawings, each shape of the porous base material and the coating layer made of a plant material is different, but for those having the same material and structure and properties, duplicate description will be given. The same reference numerals are given to omit them.

First, the greening base material according to the first embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter abbreviated as the greening base material of the first embodiment) will be described.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a greening base material of the first embodiment, FIG. 2 is a side view of the same, FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state before fixing each layer, and FIG. It is a figure which expands and shows the internal structure of a base material.

The greening base material P1 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is the top and bottom surfaces of a plate-shaped ceramic porous base material 1 having a surface as wide as a brick surface in plan view. A covering layer 2 made of a plant material, which is a so-called soil for vegetating a desired plant, is laminated and supported at a portion covering the.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the porous substrate 1 is formed by mixing brick-like ceramic raw material containing iron oxide with at least charcoal and / or an organic material, and molding it in a plan view. The surface of the porous base material 1 is made by heating and firing a plate-shaped ceramic molded article having a rectangular shape having a width of 0.5 to 5 cm. In addition to the porosity 3 which is the burning trace of the innumerable minute gaps formed in the whole including the inside of the ceramic product molded body, the charcoal 5 contained in the ceramic product molded body, There are a large number of pores 4 remaining after the carbon compound (carbon dioxide and / or carbon monoxide) produced by burning the charcoal 5 and / or the organic material contained in the ceramic molded product during firing is further foamed. Has been formed.

Of the respective pores 3 and 4, the pores 3 are fine pores due to the inter-crystal space inside the ceramic raw material at the stage of kneading and forming the ceramic raw material, and the pores common to the ceramic products. , Is spontaneously formed in this way. On the other hand, the pores 4 are the pores of the traces of the organic material contained in the ceramic molded product, which are burned and foamed during the firing of the ceramic molded product, and are significantly larger than the pores 3. The pores artificially and positively formed by the operation of kneading an organic material with a ceramic raw material. The charcoal 5 remains as a carbide even after the firing step of the ceramic molding.

As shown in FIG. 4, a large number of these pores 3, 4 and charcoal 5 remain and disperse over the entire porous base material 1 in the porous base material 1, and some of them are Independent, many of them are intricately entwined and continuous like an ant's nest, have high porosity, breathability,
Those having excellent functions such as water retention, fertilization and drainage are used.

The coating layer 2 made of a plant material which covers and supports the upper surface of the porous base material 1 is a layer for cultivating a plant. In this case, it is formed by compressing and fixing the palm shell fibers 2a. Which is a long fiber layer of coconut having the same shape as that of the porous substrate 1 in plan view and having a thickness of about 2 to 2.5 cm. The coating layer 2 made of this plant material and the porous substrate The upper surface of the material 1 is bonded with a natural rubber adhesive.

The coating layer 6 made of a plant material, which is laminated and supported so as to cover the lower surface of the porous base material 1, provides the ventilation of the porous base material 1 when the porous base material 1 is directly placed on a concrete surface or the like.・ Water permeability deteriorates, drainage also deteriorates, and since there is a risk of damaging the concrete surface, it is provided to prevent these, and the coconut palm having a thickness of about 0.2 to 1 cm is used. This is a long fiber layer, and the coating layer 6 made of a plant material and the lower surface of the porous substrate 1 are bonded to each other with a natural rubber adhesive. As in the case of the coating layer 2 made of plant material, this adhesion is partial attachment, and the air permeability / communication between the porous substrate 1 and the coating layers 2, 6 made of plant material is not limited. It is constructed so as not to adversely affect the water quality.

The greening base material P1 of the first embodiment having such a laminated structure is not shown in the coating layer 2 made of plant material before or after the greening base material P1 is laid. However, by embedding the seeds of the desired plant in the coating layer 2 made of plant material, or not shown, by embedding the root portion from the root of the plant seedling in the coating layer 2 made of plant material, It is a plant that germinates and grows to become green.

Next, the greening base material according to the second embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter abbreviated as the greening base material of the second embodiment) will be described.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the greening base material of the second embodiment, FIG. 6 is a side view of the same, and FIG. 7 is a hole in the porous base material used for the greening base material of the second embodiment. In this case, an explanatory view showing a method of forming a round hole, FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a state before fixing each layer of the greening base material of the second embodiment, and FIG. 9 is a second view.
FIG. 10 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view showing the inside of the porous base material used for the greening base material of the embodiment, and FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the state in which seeds are germinated and grown in the greening base material of the second embodiment. FIG.

In the greening base material P2 of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, both the upper layer of the plant material coating layer 2 and the lower layer of the plant material coating layer 6 are the same as those in the first embodiment. The same one is used. Further, the porous base material 1 also has the same ceramic porous structure as that of the first embodiment described above, but in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. A circular hole 8 having a depth of about ⅔ of the wall thickness from the upper surface of the porous substrate 1 downward.
The porous base material 1A formed at regular intervals is used. As shown in FIG. 7, the holes 8 are formed in a large number from above the ceramic article molding 1F containing undried water before firing in the production of the porous base material 1A, like a sword mountain used for ikebana. It is formed by pushing the dedicated tool 9 having the protrusion 9a fixed to the base portion 9b. The diameter of the hole 8 is generally 0.5 to
It is formed in the range of 10 cm.

When the porous base material 1A is formed in this manner, as shown in FIG.
Each of the pores 3 and 4 and the charcoal 5 has a porous structure in which they spread and spread in all directions like an ant nest and remain. As shown in FIG. 10, the holes 8 germinate plant seeds 10.
When the roots 10a are grown, the roots 10a are made to easily extend into the porous base material 1, and the air permeability and water permeability around the holes 8 are further improved. This is to make it easier for air, moisture, and nutrients to reach the inside of each of the pores 3 and 4 that are continuous with the hole 8.

FIG. 11 is a front perspective view showing the greening base material of the third embodiment, and FIG. 12 is a side sectional view showing the same internal structure.

In the greening base material P3 of the third embodiment shown in each of these figures, a coating layer made of a plant material is formed on the peripheral side portion of the greening base material (P1) of the first embodiment described above. , Porous substrate 1
The whole is covered with a coating layer 21 made of a plant material. The coating layer 21 made of a plant material used here is a long fiber of coconut, and is bonded to the outer peripheral surface of the porous substrate 1 with a natural rubber adhesive as in the case of the first embodiment. It is made by stacking.

As described above, when the porous substrate 1 is covered with the coating layer 21 made of a plant material, when a large number of greening substrates P2 are laid, the porous substrate of the greening substrate P2 in the front row is used. No. 1 is not exposed, so it looks good, and the greening base material P
This is because the porous base materials 1 and 1 can be prevented from being chipped due to contact between the porous base materials 1 and 2 when a large number of the base materials 2 are spread, and the joint portion when the green base materials P2 are spread cannot be determined.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a greening base material P4 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a porous base material 1B similarly used for the greening base material P4. FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a state before the step of forming a coating layer made of a plant material, which is an upper layer of the greening base material P4, and FIG. 16 is a greening substrate according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is a side surface sectional view showing the internal structure of material P4.

A greening base material P4 of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG.
Is a thick plate having a regular hexagonal surface in plan view. Ceramic porous substrate 1 used here
As shown in FIG. 14, B has a length of about 30 cm in the vertical and horizontal directions in plan view and a thickness of 2.B.
In the outer frame of about 5 cm, the honeycomb structure is formed by the inner frame having the same thickness and the same height, and each of the pores 3 and 4 is the same as the porous base materials 1 and 1A in each of the above-described embodiments. And charcoal 5 spread in all directions and dispersed and remained like an ant's nest, forming a porous structure.

The greening base material P4 of the fourth embodiment is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, in the state where the coating layer 6 made of a plant material is fixed to the lower surface of the porous substrate 1B, the plant material or the plant material is placed in the honeycomb-shaped space 14 formed in the porous substrate 1B. Mixed soil 15 in which mulch soil and culture soil and an appropriate amount of fertilizer are mixed
And then covered with a coating layer 2 made of a plant material made of coconut long fibers and fixed thereon.

As shown in FIG. 14, the ceramic porous substrate 1B used here has a length of about 30 cm in the vertical and horizontal directions and a thickness of 2. In the outer frame of about 5 cm, it has a honeycomb structure formed by an inner frame having the same thickness and the same height, and like the porous base materials 1 and 1A of each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the wall body has the above-mentioned structure. Each pore 3, 4
And charcoal 5 spread in all directions and dispersed / remained like an ant's nest, forming a porous structure.

Coating layer 2 made of plant material used here
As in the case of the first embodiment, No. 6 is obtained by compressing coconut long fibers. Although not shown, plant seeds are embedded in the upper part of the mixed soil 15 from the upper coating layer 2 made of plant material, and germinated from there to grow roots.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing a greening base material of a fifth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 18 is a side sectional view of the same. Ceramic porous substrate 1B used here
Is the same as that of the above-mentioned fourth embodiment.

In the greening base material P5 of the present embodiment, a coating layer made of a plant material is fixed also on the peripheral side of the greening base material P4 of the fourth embodiment, and the entire porous base material 1B is coconut fiber. It is covered with a coating layer 21 made of a plant material such as.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing a greening base material P6 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 20 is a greening base material P6.
It is a perspective view which shows 1 C of porous base materials used for. As shown in these drawings, the porous base material 1C used for the greening base material P6 has a size of about 30 cm on one side and the same thickness in an outer frame having a thickness of about 2.5 cm. , Having a honeycomb structure formed of inner frames of the same height, and in the same manner as the porous base materials 1 and 1A of each of the above-described embodiments, the walls have the pores 3 and 4 and the charcoal 5, It is composed of a porous structure that spreads in all directions and disperses and remains like an ant's nest.

Then, with the coating layer 6 made of plant material fixed on the lower surface of the porous substrate 1C, the porous substrate 1C
In the honeycomb-shaped space 14 formed in the above, the mixed soil 15 in which the plant material, the mulch, the culture soil, and the appropriate amount of fertilizer are mixed is accommodated, and the plant material made of the long fiber of coconut It is covered and fixed with the coating layer 2.

When the porous substrate 1C has a honeycomb structure as described above, the roots of the plant to be cultivated grow not only in the upper layer of the plant material covering layer 2 but also in the mixed soil 15 as in the case of FIG. Moreover, since the porous base material 1C is located in the vicinity of the mixed soil 15, the ventilation / drainage property of the mixed soil 15 becomes extremely good, and moreover, the water retention by the porous structure in the porous base material 1C is achieved. Because of its function, even mixed soil 1
Even if 5 is dried, the roots of the plant can absorb water,
Prevents plant death. In addition, in this way, the porous substrate 1
The honeycomb structure of C has high strength.

Next, a method of laying a greening base material according to the present invention and a cultivation method using this greening base material will be described.

FIG. 21 shows a state in which the greening base material P1 of the above-described first embodiment is laid at the entrance, and FIG. 22 shows a state in which the greening substrate P1 has been laid and then greened.

The greening base material according to the present invention is, for example, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, it is suitable for greening a place where the surface L to be greened, which is the front of the entrance F, is a tile surface.

For the laying, it is sufficient to arrange the greening base materials P1 until they are arranged in a desired shape and size. When no plant seed is mixed in the greening base materials P1, the greening base materials P1 are used. It suffices to disperse and put an appropriate amount in the coating layer made of a plant material that forms the upper surface layer of the base material P1 and then give water. If the laying surface Px is designed to have a change, for example, the laying surface Px may be laid by alternately shifting in the plane direction as shown in the figure.

In this way, after a certain period of time has elapsed, as shown in FIG. 22, plant leaves G grow from the upper surface of each greening base material P1 and the greening surface Pz having a sense of unity as a whole. become.

FIG. 23 shows a state in which the greening base material P4 of the fourth embodiment described above is laid on the roof R of the building.
Similarly, 4 shows a state of being greened after being laid.

The greening base material according to the present invention is, for example, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, it is suitable for greening a place where the surface L to be greened, such as the rooftop R of a building, is made of concrete.

The laying is similar to the laying method shown in FIG. 21, but since the greening base material P4 shown in FIG. 23 has a hexagonal shape, it is laid so that its side surfaces are packed.
The laying may be performed by alternately changing the directions of the fibers of the coating layer 2 made of a plant material, which is the upper surface layer of each greening base material P4, so that the fibers do not face the same direction. In this way, the leaves grown from the adjacent greening base material P4 can be taken as the leaves of the plant growing high upward and easily tilted in one direction, and their lodging can be prevented.

In this way, after a certain period of time has passed, as shown in FIG. 24, plant leaves G grow from the upper surface of each greening base material P3, and the greening surface Pz having a sense of unity as a whole. become.

[0112]

As described above, according to the greening base material of the present invention described above, at least the upper surface and the lower surface of the ceramic porous base material having a high porosity excellent in functions such as ventilation and drainage are provided. Layer a plant material covering layer on the soil surface,
By being configured to support, by laying this greening base material on the desired surface to be greened, in the coating layer made of plant material of this greening base material, put the seeds of the desired plant, Alternatively, it has the effect of being able to plant seedlings of plants.

Further, in the present invention, the seeds are sprouted and the roots are grown and rooted in the covering layer made of plant material, or the seedlings are grown and the roots are rooted in the covering layer made of plant material, The leaves and stems grow above the greening of the fibrous layer, and the surrounding environment can be greened, and the excellent breathability and drainage allow for a good plant growth environment. To play.

As a result, even in places where direct planting cannot be performed conventionally, it is possible to achieve greening with an atmosphere similar to that of direct planting. In particular, the greening base material according to the present invention has a porous base material under the coating layer made of plant material, and since the pores have an appropriate water retention function, the coating layer made of plant material is dried. However, water can be replenished by the roots of the plant that has grown into each stomatium. For this reason, it is possible to prevent plants from dying due to lack of rain or forgetting to spray water to a considerable extent.

In addition, the greening base material according to the present invention is excellent in shape stability because it is based on the porous ceramic base material, and as a result, a large number of greening base materials are laid without gaps. Thus, it is possible to freely create an laying surface having a desired shape and size.

From the above, according to the present invention, conventionally, greening can be performed on rooftops of urban buildings, paved roadsides, concrete surfaces at entrances, concrete embankments, quays, and wall surfaces. This makes it possible to green even difficult places, and as a result, it will be possible to create a rich living environment for people.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a greening base material according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the same.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state before fixing each layer of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the inside of a porous substrate.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a greening base material according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a side view of the same.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing a method of forming holes in a porous base material used for the greening base material of the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a state before fixing each layer of the greening base material of the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing, in an enlarged manner, the inside of a porous base material used for the greening base material of the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view showing a state in which seeds are germinated and grown in the greening base material of the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a greening base material according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a side sectional view of the same.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a greening base material according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a porous substrate used for this greening substrate.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a state before the step of forming a coating layer made of a plant material which is an upper layer of the greening base material.

FIG. 16 is a side sectional view showing the internal structure of the greening base material of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing a greening base material of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a side sectional view of the same.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing a greening base material P6 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing a porous base material used for the greening base material of the sixth embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a usage drawing showing a state where the greening base material of the first embodiment is laid at the entrance.

FIG. 22 is a usage drawing showing a state in which the plant is likewise greened after being laid.

FIG. 23 is a usage drawing showing a state where the greening base material of the fourth embodiment is laid in a building.

FIG. 24 is a usage drawing showing a state of being greened after the same is laid.

[Explanation of symbols]

P1-P6 greening base material 1, 1A-1C Porous substrate 2 Coating layer made of plant material 3 pores 4 pores 5 charcoal 6 Cover layer made of plant material 8 holes 10 seeds 10a root 14 space 15 mixed soil

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) E02B 3/14 301 E02B 3/14 301 E02D 17/20 102 E02D 17/20 102B // C04B 28/00 C04B 28/00 (C04B 28/00 18:10 B 18:10 18:18 18:18) 111: 00 111: 00 111: 40 111: 40 (72) Inventor Nishimura Motoyoshi 3 Saiki City Saiki City Saiki City Nishi 3 D 2-2 F term in Ueda rug factory (reference) 2B022 AB04 BA04 BA07 BA14 BA22 BB03 DA19 2D018 EA02 2D044 DA11 4G012 PA26 PA31 PC11

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A ceramic porous substrate has a coating layer formed of a plant material laminated on a portion covering at least the upper surface and the lower surface thereof, and the coating layer on the upper surface is a plant growth layer. A greening base material. 2. The ceramic porous base material is formed by mixing a ceramic raw material with at least charcoal and / or an organic material into a predetermined shape, and heating and firing the molded body to obtain the charcoal and / or charcoal. Alternatively, a large number of continuous pores and / or independent pores are formed by a foaming gas such as carbon oxide (carbon dioxide and / or carbon monoxide) or steam generated by firing or combustion of an organic material. The greening base material described. 3. The ceramic porous substrate according to claim 1, wherein at least one kind selected from a part of charcoal or a part of charcoal of an organic material remains and is dispersed. Base material for greening. 4. The greening base material according to claim 1, wherein the coating layer contains coconut shell fibers as an essential component. 5. The porous substrate made of ceramic has a large number of deep holes artificially formed at the time of molding, from the upper surface toward the lower side.
The greening base material according to the item. 6. The greening base material according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic porous base material has a rectangular shape or a hexagonal shape. 7. The greening base material according to claim 1, wherein a circular, lattice-shaped or honeycomb-shaped space is formed in a ceramic porous base material. 8. The greening base material according to claim 7, wherein the space formed in the ceramic porous base material is filled with plant material and / or culture soil. 9. A greening base material comprising fertilizers and / or nutrients in appropriate places in the greening base material according to claim 1. 10. A method for laying a greening base material, which comprises laying the greening base material according to claim 1 alternately and horizontally. 11. A method for laying a greening base material, which comprises laying the greening base material according to any one of claims 1 to 10 while alternately displacing the positions. 12. A method for cultivating a plant, which comprises cultivating a plant using the greening base material according to any one of claims 1 to 11.