JP2003053312A - Carbonization and volume reduction plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a carbonization and volume reduction plant which is high in thermal efficiency, is long in the life of a carbonization and volume reduction chamber and deodorization chamber and promotes the detoixification of the flue gas of a burner for heating the gas generated from the carbonization and volume reduction chamber and the carbonization and volume reduction chamber. SOLUTION: The space in the flame segment of the burner 4 for heating the carbonization and volume reduction chamber 2 is set at the optimum value intrinsic to the burner and the carbonization and volume reduction chamber 2 is mounted with fins. The gas generated from the carbonization and volume reduction chamber 2 is fed into the deodorization chamber 7 by an impeller 6a and is introduced from the circumference of the flame of the burner 13, by which the eccentricity of the flame to burn the gas is reduced and further the decomposition oxidation of the flue gases of the carbonization and volume reduction chamber 2 and a heating chamber 1 in a turbulence chamber 12 maintained at a high temperature is promoted.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a carbonization and volume reduction apparatus for foods or other organic wastes, which is provided with a chamber for heating and carbonization and volume reduction in a state of lean oxygen, a deodorizing chamber and an exhaust section. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been a method of incinerating in air as one of the methods for treating organic waste such as food. This method has the convenience that it can be treated without distinguishing miscellaneous waste, but the combustion temperature changes depending on the waste to be treated, and it is difficult and sometimes high temperature to control it. Therefore, there was a problem that the incinerator was severely damaged. Furthermore, if combustion is not controlled, there is a problem that exhaust gas, which causes environmental pollution, is easily generated. Therefore, another solution is to heat and reduce the volume of organic waste such as food in a state of being diluted with air.

When organic wastes such as foods are heated in a state of being diluted with air, 50% to 80% at 120 ° C or less.
% Volume is reduced and odorous water vapor is released,
Further, the hydrocarbon-based gas is rapidly released from around 200 ° C. to 400 ° C., the volume is further reduced, and most of the residue becomes carbides. Therefore, it can be said that the reduction method of heating in a lean air state to a temperature of about 400 ° C. is a carbonization volume reduction method, and this apparatus is a carbonization volume reduction apparatus.

In the conventional carbonization volume reduction device, a carbonization volume reduction chamber is provided inside the heating chamber, a deodorization chamber is provided above the heating chamber, and the carbonization volume reduction chamber is heated by a flame of a burner in the heating chamber to perform carbonization. A method has been adopted in which a gas such as an odor generated in the volume reducing chamber is introduced into the deodorizing chamber through a pipe and burned by the flame in the deodorizing chamber. The distance between the heating chamber and the carbonization volume reducing chamber was made narrow in order to efficiently transfer the heat of the burner.

Further, in the conventional carbonization volume reduction device, the introduction of the exhaust gas from the carbonization volume reduction chamber to the deodorization chamber is introduced into the deodorization chamber depending on the spontaneous emission of the gas from the waste (for example, the special deodorization chamber). Kaihei 11-302660) method or through a coaxial pipe, the gas from the carbonization volume reducing chamber is sent to the internal pipe of the double pipe, the gas of the heating chamber is sent to the outer peripheral pipe, and the exhaust gas of the carbonization volume reducing chamber is sent. There has been a method of inducing the above (for example, JP-A-7-280236). In the deodorization chamber, the gas introduced from the carbonization and volume reduction chamber is introduced into the chimney portion following the double pipe and burned by the flame introduced into the chimney portion (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-184611), or this pipe is used. There has been a method of removing and directly burning with a flame (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-17267).

[0006]

In the conventional carbonization volume reduction device, the heating chamber burner is provided so that the flame is located below the carbonization volume reduction chamber. Since the distance is small, the flame of the burner directly contacts the carbonization volume reduction chamber,
There was a problem that the carbonization volume reduction chamber deteriorates and is easily pitted.

Further, in the conventional volume reduction chamber, the hot air of the burner flame is heated along the carbonization volume reduction chamber and rises inside the heating chamber, but in the case of natural rise, it is related to the heat transfer coefficient. Thick film and poor heat transfer efficiency.

Further, the introduction of gas from the carbonization volume reducing chamber to the deodorizing chamber is not controlled by the hydrocarbon gas into the deodorizing chamber regardless of whether coaxial piping is used or not.

Further, a method of attaching a chimney to the introduction of gas from the carbonization volume reducing chamber to the deodorizing chamber and burning in the chimney is as follows.
When the hydrocarbon gas is generated violently, the introduction of the gas into the deodorizing chamber becomes violent, the flame in the deodorizing chamber becomes large, and the refractory in the deodorizing chamber is likely to be damaged. In addition, the method of burning without a chimney did not completely burn the gas, and there was something that escaped.

Further, since the carbide produced in the carbonization volume reduction chamber becomes fine dust in the latter half of the heating, it rises up in the carbonization volume reduction chamber, enters the deodorization chamber, and may be released into the atmosphere in some cases. There was also a nature.

The present invention reduces damage to the carbonization volume reduction chamber and the deodorization chamber, improves thermal efficiency and deodorization efficiency, prevents dust emission to the outside, detoxifies exhaust gas, and protects the environment. The purpose is to prevent pollution.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above object, in the carbonization volume reducing apparatus of the present invention, (1) the space of the burner portion below the carbonization volume reduction chamber in the heating chamber is optimally set. (2) Fins are provided in the carbonization volume reduction chamber to improve the thermal efficiency of the carbonization volume reduction chamber, (3) Rotating blades are provided in the gas introduction path from the carbonization volume reduction chamber to the deodorization chamber, and a drive motor is installed. Attaching (4) The deodorizing chamber is composed of a combustion chamber and a turbulent flow chamber. In the combustion chamber, a hydrocarbon-based deodorizing gas is burned by being put into the flame from around the flame, and further, in the turbulent flow chamber. , Exposing the gas to high temperature for a long time, (5) Exhaust gas that heated the carbonization volume reducing chamber is introduced into the turbulence chamber to be harmless, (6) Exhaust gas in the deodorizing chamber is cooled rapidly, Prevents recombination of decomposed gas so that it can be introduced into the dust collector and exhausted. Devised etc. were carried out.

A heating chamber is provided around the carbonization volume reducing chamber, a burner is provided in the lower part of the carbonization volume reducing chamber, and the gap between the heating chamber and the carbonization volume reducing chamber is made approximately the diameter of the flame peculiar to the burner. .
By setting the gap in this way, the carbonization volume reduction chamber is not directly exposed to the high temperature of the flame, and the hot air of the flame is retained by the fins provided in the direction of the flame in the carbonization volume reduction chamber to reduce the carbonization volume reduction. The chamber can be efficiently heated, and hot air can flow around the entire gap between the heating chamber and the carbonization and volume reduction chamber.

The reason why the blade is provided in the gas introduction path from the carbonization volume reduction chamber to the deodorization chamber and the motor is driven is to discharge the gas generated from the carbonization volume reduction chamber. The speed at which gas such as steam, hydrocarbon gas and the like is discharged from the carbonization volume reducing chamber is controlled by the rotation speed, and the atmosphere is prevented from entering the carbonization volume reducing chamber. Therefore, the effect is that the carbonization volume reduction chamber is filled with exhaust gas when the hydrocarbon gas generated from the waste is intense, and the gas generation is suppressed,
As a whole, it is stretched, and the change over time in the generation of exhaust gas becomes gentle. In addition, it is considered that there is an effect that the temperature becomes uniform by the gas entering the gap of the waste.

Further, the impeller also has an effect of preventing dust soaring in a stage where the volume reduction is advanced, or dust soaring when discharging the carbide after the end of the volume reduction carbonization from flowing into the deodorizing chamber. .

However, the gap between the rotating blade and the wall of the tube provided with the blade is slightly opened, and the pressure in the deodorizing chamber is prevented from entering when the blade is stopped due to an accident and the blade is stopped due to an accident. Is being prevented.

The deodorizing chamber was provided with a tube having a large number of holes around the flame so that the gas generated from the carbonization volume reducing chamber could be introduced from around the flame. Further, when the gas introduced from the hole does not enter the flame and flows along the tube wall, the barrier provided near the tip of the flame causes the gas flow to return to the flame. Furthermore, a turbulent flow chamber that can maintain a high temperature is provided above the flame portion so that the expectations generated from the carbonization volume reduction chamber can be sufficiently oxidized. Furthermore, since the hot air of the exhaust gas that has heated the carbonization volume reducing chamber heats the carbonization volume reducing chamber to 400 ° C., the temperature is not high, so that dioxin gas is easily generated. Therefore,
The exhaust gas which heated the carbonization volume reducing chamber was introduced into the turbulent flow chamber and heated to a high temperature to be oxidatively decomposed and rendered harmless.

The exhaust gas discharged from the turbulent flow chamber is introduced into the exhaust tower. The exhaust tower consists of a cooling unit and a dust collector.The cooling unit passes through an exhaust duct equipped with a sprinkler and a metal fin heat exchanger, and at the same time is mixed with the air introduced by a blower to cool it. .

The cooled gas is introduced into the dust collector to remove the dust discharged from the carbonization and volume reduction chamber and the soot and smoke generated in the flame, and then released to the atmosphere.

[0020]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory vertical sectional view showing an embodiment of a carbonization and volume reduction device according to the present invention. A carbonization volume reduction chamber 2 is provided inside the heating chamber 1, and a charging port 3 is provided in the carbonization volume reduction chamber 2. Install two burners 4 at the bottom of the carbonization volume reduction chamber 2,
By adjusting the flames of the two burners, the temperature in the carbonization volume reducing chamber is heated and maintained at 400 ° C. The space below the carbonization and volume reduction chamber 2 in the heating chamber 1 is set at a distance substantially corresponding to the diameter of the burner 4 when the flame is large. Fins 5 are provided in the carbonization volume reducing chamber so that the hot air of the flame becomes an obstacle when flowing around the carbonization volume reducing chamber. The gas discharged from the carbonization volume reducing chamber passes through the pipe 6 and is introduced into the deodorizing chamber 7. The gas introduced into the deodorizing chamber 7 passes through the outlet 7a, is cooled in the exhaust duct 8, passes through the dust collector 9, and is discharged to the outside.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of the carbonization volume reducing apparatus according to the present invention. The gas released from the waste in the carbonization volume reduction chamber 2 due to heating is introduced into the deodorization chamber 7 through the pipe 6, which has a rectangular cross section and is provided with an impeller 6a corresponding to a substantially cross section. The air was supplied to the deodorizing chamber 7 by rotating the above from the outside by a motor. The impeller 6a is provided with a housing 6b on the side opposite to the pipe 6.

The deodorizing chamber 7 is provided with a dispersion chamber 10 and a burner 13 for introducing the gas passing through the pipe 6 to the periphery of the burner, a combustion chamber 11 for burning the gas, and maintaining a high temperature to decompose the gas. It consists of a turbulent flow chamber 12 that oxidizes. The combustion chamber 11 is composed of a fireproof cylinder 14 which surrounds the flame of the burner 13 and has a number of through holes 14a formed therethrough, and a barrier 15 having an opening smaller than the fireproof cylinder is provided at the tip thereof. The barrier 15 also serves as a partition that prevents the gas introduced from the pipe 6 from entering the turbulent flow chamber 12. The turbulence chamber 12 is larger than the combustion chamber 11 and is provided with a heat insulating material 16, and further in front of the outlet 7a of the deodorizing chamber,
Insulation barriers 17a and 17b are provided. Thermal barrier 17
The turbulence chamber 12 can be maintained at a high temperature by a and 17b.

The exhaust gas of the heating chamber 1 which has heated the carbonization volume reducing chamber 2 is introduced into the turbulent flow chamber 12 through the pipe 18 and decomposed and oxidized.

The gas that has passed through the outlet 7a of the deodorizing chamber is introduced into the exhaust duct 8. The exhaust duct 8 is provided with a gas quenching facility, and the cooled gas is introduced into the dust collector 9 and discharged. .

[0026]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.

Since the space of the flame portion of the burner that heats the carbonization volume reducing chamber is set to a unique diameter of the burner, the high temperature portion of the flame does not directly hit the carbonization volume reducing chamber and the life of the carbonization volume reducing chamber is extended. Can be achieved.

Since the fins are provided in the carbonization volume reducing chamber, the efficiency of heat exchange in the carbonization volume reducing chamber is increased, and fuel consumption can be reduced.

Since the gas discharged in the carbonization volume reducing chamber is guided by the impeller and introduced around the burner in the deodorizing chamber, the unevenness of the flame is small, and the flame of the burner damages the fireproof cylinder of the combustion chamber. Less is.

Since a barrier having an opening smaller than the fireproof cylinder of the combustion chamber is provided at the tip of the combustion chamber of the deodorization chamber, the gas generated from the carbonization volume reducing chamber is introduced into the fireproof cylinder, and the fireproof cylinder is introduced. Even if it flows along and does not enter the flame, it has the effect of being returned to the flame at the barrier.

Further, in the turbulent flow chamber, the gas generated from the carbonization volume reducing chamber is maintained at a high temperature, so that decomposition and oxidation are promoted.

In addition, the exhaust gas that has heated the carbonization volume reducing chamber is exposed to a higher temperature in the turbulent flow chamber, undergoes oxidative decomposition, and is exhausted, so that it is harmless.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory vertical sectional view showing an embodiment of a carbonization volume reducing device.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of a carbonization and volume reduction device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 heating chamber 2 Carbonization volume reduction room 3 slot 4 burners 5 fins 6 piping 6a impeller 6b housing 7 Deodorization chamber 7a Deodorization chamber exit 8 ducts 9 dust collector 10 dispersion chambers 11 Combustion chamber 12 Turbulence chamber 13 burners 14 Fireproof tube 14a hole 15 barriers 16 Fireproof insulation wall 17a, 17b Adiabatic barrier 18 piping

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A carbonization volume reducing device comprising a carbonization volume reduction chamber having a charging port, a heating chamber surrounding the carbonization volume reduction chamber, a deodorizing chamber communicating from the carbonization volume reduction chamber, and an exhaust tower. There, a rotating impeller is provided inside the pipe connecting from the carbonization volume reducing chamber to the deodorizing chamber, and the gas generated in the carbonization volume reducing chamber is driven by driving the impeller by a motor outside the pipe. An apparatus for carbonizing and reducing the volume of organic waste, which is characterized by supplying air to a deodorization room. 2. A burner is provided inside a heating chamber provided so as to surround the carbonization volume reducing chamber, and at a position where the burner is provided, the distance between the carbonization volume reducing chamber and the heating chamber is a burner. 2. The carbonization volume reduction device according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization volume reduction devices are separated by a distance corresponding to the maximum diameter of the flame surface. 3. At least two fins are provided in the gap between the carbonization volume reduction chamber and the heating chamber, outside the carbonization volume reduction chamber, in the direction in which the flame of the burner extends.
And the carbonization volume reduction device according to claim 2. 4. The deodorizing chamber comprises a combustion chamber equipped with a burner and a turbulent flow chamber continuing from the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber having an inner diameter corresponding to the maximum diameter of the flame surface of the burner, and having a plurality of holes in the periphery thereof. A refractory tube having the same, and a barrier having an opening smaller than the diameter of the refractory tube near the tip of the flame, and the gas released from the carbonization volume reducing chamber is introduced into the flame through a hole around the refractory tube. 2. The carbonization volume reducing device according to claim 1, wherein the turbulence chamber is structured and has a size sufficiently larger than a diameter of the combustion chamber and is made of refractory material. 5. The carbonization reduction according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the heating chamber and the turbulent flow chamber are connected by a pipe, and the combustion gas generated in the heating chamber is introduced into the turbulent flow chamber. Device.