JPH11267614A - Carbonization treatment of combustible organic matter and equipment therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently and completely combust a large amount of a gas generated in a carbonization process of combustible organic matter, in a second combustion chamber in the equipment so as to convert the gas into a smokeless and odorless gas. SOLUTION: This equipment is provided with: a carbonization chamber 5 having a charging port 3 and a take-out port 4; a first combustion chamber 7 which is placed in such a way that the carbonization chamber 5 is enclosed in the chamber 7 and has a first burner 6 for heating the chamber 5; and a second combustion chamber 12 which has a second burner 9 for combusting a gas generated by heating charged combustible organic matter 13 in the carbonization chamber 5 and also an exhaust gas passage 10 for discharging the exhaust gas after the combustion and is communicated with the carbonization chamber 5 through an ascending gas pipe 8 and further has a heat insulating material 11 placed on the inside and also a heating promotion material 15 placed above the ascending gas pipe 8.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for carbonizing flammable organic substances (wastes) such as wood, paper, synthetic resin or garbage (e.g., from kitchens). A carbonization method that can reuse the treated product (charcoal) obtained by carbonizing combustible organic matter as an adsorbent, soil improvement material, etc., and completely combust the gas generated in the carbonization process to make the exhaust gas smokeless and odorless. And a carbonization apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 12 shows an example of a conventional carbonization apparatus. A is a front sectional view, and B is a side sectional view. This carbonization apparatus has an inlet for charging flammable organic matter in a rectangular casing whose four surfaces, a bottom surface, and a ceiling surface are made of a metal plate. A carbonization chamber having an outlet for taking out the processed material, and a first combustion chamber formed to surround the carbonization chamber and having a first burner for heating the carbonization chamber,
It has a second burner for burning gas generated by heating the charged combustible organic matter in the carbonization chamber and an exhaust passage for discharging gas (exhaust gas) after combustion, and the carbonization chamber is a gas riser And a second combustion chamber provided with a heat insulating material (not shown) therein.

[0003]

In the carbonization treatment apparatus, in order to efficiently and completely combust the gas generated in the carbonization chamber to make it smokeless and odorless, all of the gas is supplied to the second combustion chamber.
Usually, it is necessary to heat sufficiently at a temperature of 700C to 1000C. However, in the conventional processing apparatus described above, not all of the gas from the coking chamber is burned by the second burner depending on the direction in which the gas flows.

In a state where the second combustion chamber is completely cooled, for example, when the operation is started at a low temperature, the temperature rise rate of the surface of the heat insulating material is slow, and the temperature of the second combustion chamber is 700 ° C.
Because it takes time to reach the high temperature range of 1000 ° C,
The gas from the carbonization chamber is not sufficiently burned in the second combustion chamber and is discharged in an incomplete combustion state. Furthermore, in the case of flammable organic substances containing a large amount of water such as garbage, the water of the flammable organic substances evaporates due to the heating of the carbonization chamber in the carbonization treatment step, which flows into the second combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber. On the surface of the heat insulating material, causing the heat insulating material to be moist, and the temperature in the second combustion chamber cannot be maintained at a high temperature.

On the other hand, when a large amount of combustible organic matter is to be treated at one time, the size of the carbonization chamber is increased and the size of the second combustion chamber is also increased accordingly. Although the second combustion chamber is provided with a second burner for burning gas from the carbonization chamber, the larger the volume of the second combustion chamber, the greater the variation in the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber, and the higher the temperature And a low temperature region occurs. As measures to prevent this, it is necessary to provide a plurality of burners or attach a burner having a large combustion capacity. An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonization method or a carbonization apparatus capable of efficiently and completely combusting a large amount of gas generated in a carbonization step of a combustible organic substance in a second combustion chamber to make it smokeless and odorless.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the method for carbonizing combustible organic substances according to the present invention has the following configuration. That is, in the carbonization method of the present invention, when combustible organic matter is heated in the carbonization chamber, the generated gas is guided to the second combustion chamber via the gas riser, burned, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust passage. In addition, a heat-promoting material is provided above the gas riser to treat the combustible organic matter while promoting complete combustion of the gas from the carbonization chamber. Here, the heat-promoting material is made of a heat-resistant metal or a heat-resistant ceramic, and has a flat plate shape, a cylindrical shape,
A heating accelerator made of a polyhedral, spherical or net-like member can be used.

[0007] The carbonization apparatus of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, the carbonization treatment apparatus 1 of the present invention is formed so as to surround the carbonization chamber 5 and has the carbonization chamber 5 having the flammable organic substance inlet 3 and the processed material outlet 4, and heats the carbonization chamber 5. A first combustion chamber 7 having a first burner 6; a second burner 9 for burning gas generated by heating the charged combustible organic substance 13 in the carbonization chamber 5; and an exhaust for discharging gas after combustion. Passage 10
And a second combustion chamber 12 in communication with the carbonization chamber 5 through a gas riser pipe 8 and having a heat insulating material 11 provided therein. Thus, the structure is such that the heating promoting material 15 is installed above the gas riser pipe 8 connecting the carbonization chamber 5 and the second combustion chamber 12. The heating accelerator 15 is made of a heat-resistant metal or a heat-resistant ceramic, and can be selected from flat, cylindrical, polyhedral, spherical or net-like members.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of a carbonization method and a carbonization apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a carbonization apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein A is a front sectional view and B is a side sectional view. The carbonization treatment apparatus 1 includes a carbonization chamber 5 having an inlet 3 for combustible organic matter and an outlet 4 for treated material (char), and a carbonization chamber 5 formed to surround the carbonization chamber 5 and heating the carbonization chamber 5. A first combustion chamber 7 having one burner 6, a second burner 9 for burning gas generated by heating the charged combustible organic matter (waste) 13 in the carbonization chamber 5, and a gas after burning ( A second combustion chamber 12 provided with an exhaust passage 10 for discharging exhaust gas, communicating with the carbonization chamber 5 via a gas rising pipe 8, and having a heat insulating material 11 disposed therein.
These are accommodated in the casing 2.

The flammable organic substance 13 charged into the carbonization chamber 5
Is the first burner 6 provided in the first combustion chamber 7 and the carbonization chamber 5
Is heated and steamed in an oxygen-free state. The second combustion chamber 12 is located above the carbonization chamber 5 and is configured to communicate with the second combustion chamber 12 and the carbonization chamber 5 via the gas rising pipe 8.

The second combustion chamber 12 includes a second burner 9 for burning gas generated from the combustible organic matter 13 in the carbonization chamber 5 and an exhaust passage for discharging the burned gas (exhaust gas). The exhaust passage 10 is provided above the second combustion chamber 12. Moisture and incomplete combustion gas generated from the combustible organic matter 13 flow into the second combustion chamber through the gas rising pipe 8 connecting the carbonization chamber 5 and the second combustion chamber 12.

[0011] Inside the second combustion chamber, a heating promoting material 14 is provided.
1 (three in FIG. 1) are disposed above (directly above or in the vicinity of) the gas riser tube 8 at predetermined intervals in parallel with the bottom surface via a spacer 15.

The heating accelerator 14 is used to assist the heating and combustion of moisture and gas generated in the carbonization chamber 5, and is preferably made of a material having heat resistance and good heat conduction performance. metallic,
The material is selected from ceramics, graphite (carbon), and the like, for example, stainless steel and titanium. The shape is preferably such that the gas contacts the surface of the heating accelerator as much as possible, and may be a flat plate with a hole, a cylinder, a polyhedron, a sphere, a net, or the like.

FIG. 2 is an example (a flat plate with square holes) of a heating accelerating material to be used, and A is a plan view of the first and third shapes in the case of a three-sheet structure as shown in FIG. Indicates that
B shows a plan view of the second (middle) shape. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of holes are provided in a flat plate of an arbitrary size, holes are arranged so that the first and second holes are staggered, and the second and third holes are also provided. Similarly, the holes are arranged so as to be in a staggered position.

The heating accelerator is heated to a high temperature by a second burner 9 provided in the second combustion chamber 12. When moisture or incompletely combusted gas generated by the burning of the combustible organic substance 13 charged into the carbonization chamber 5 flows into the second combustion chamber 12 through the gas riser tube 8, it contacts the heating promoting material. Then, high-temperature heating of moisture and complete combustion of incomplete combustion gas occur efficiently. Further, as described above, since the holes of the three flat plates are arranged at the staggered positions, the rising gas effectively contacts the surface of the heating promoting material.

In the above-described example, the number of the plate-shaped heating accelerators is three, but the number is not limited to three. A configuration of one or two or four or more sheets may be used. Further, the flat heating accelerator may be provided with a round hole as shown in FIG. 3 in addition to the square hole as shown in FIG. 2, or may be a mesh or the like as shown in FIG. .

The shape of the heating accelerator may be a corrugated plate as shown in FIG. 5 or a flat plate as shown in FIG. Further, the shape of the heating promoting material may be cylindrical, polyhedral, or spherical as shown in FIGS. Regarding the arrangement method, the plate-shaped heating promoting material may be arranged perpendicular to the bottom surface as shown in FIG. 11 or may be arranged with an inclination (not shown).

[0017]

According to the carbonizing method or the carbonizing apparatus of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. (1) Without being greatly influenced by the structure and volume of the second combustion chamber,
Moisture and generated gas from the carbonization chamber can be efficiently heated and burned. (2) Even when the temperature in the second combustion chamber does not reach the high temperature range, the water or generated gas from the carbonization chamber can be heated and burned. (3) Even when the temperature distribution in the high temperature range and the low temperature range varies in the second combustion chamber, the moisture or generated gas from the carbonization chamber can be heated and burned without being largely influenced by the variation. (4) Since the gas generated in the carbonization chamber is efficiently heated to a high temperature, smokeless and odorless exhaust gas can be achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a carbonization apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein A is a front sectional view and B is a side sectional view.

FIG. 2 shows a plan view of an example of the heating accelerating material of the present invention (a flat plate with square holes). A shows the shape of the first and third sheets in the case of a three-sheet configuration as shown in FIG. 1, and B shows the shape of the second (middle) sheet.

FIG. 3 shows another example of the heating accelerator of the present invention (a flat plate with a round hole).
FIG.

FIG. 4 shows a plan view of another example (net-like material) of the heating accelerator of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of another example (corrugated plate) of the heating accelerator of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of another example (a flat plate provided with cut-and-raised portions) of the heating accelerator of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a plan view (A) and a front view (B) of another example (polyhedron) of the heating accelerating material of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a plan view (A) and a front view (B) of another example (polyhedron) of the heating accelerating material of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a front view showing another example (spherical body) of the heating accelerator of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a second combustion chamber according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows a sectional view of a second combustion chamber according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a conventional carbonization apparatus, in which A is a front sectional view, and B is
Is a side sectional view.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Carbonization treatment device 2: Casing 3: Inlet 4: Outlet 5: Carbonization chamber 6: First burner 7: First combustion chamber 8: Gas riser 9: Second burner 10: Exhaust passage 11: Heat insulating material 12 : Second combustion chamber 13: Combustible organic matter (waste) 14: Heating promoter 15: Spacer

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. When a combustible organic substance is heated in a carbonization chamber, generated gas is led to a second combustion chamber via a gas riser, burned, and the exhaust gas is discharged from an exhaust passage. A method for carbonizing combustible organic matter, in which a heating accelerator is provided above to promote complete combustion of gas from a carbonization chamber. 2. The carbonization method according to claim 1, wherein the heat-promoting material is made of a heat-resistant metal or a heat-resistant ceramic, and has a shape of a plate, a cylinder, a polyhedron, a sphere, or a net. 3. A carbonization chamber having an inlet for flammable organic matter and an outlet for processed material, a first combustion chamber formed to surround the carbonization chamber and having heating means for heating the carbonization chamber. A second burner for burning the gas generated by heating the combustible organic matter in the carbonization chamber, and an exhaust passage for discharging the gas after the combustion, and communicating with the carbonization chamber via a gas riser. And a second combustion chamber provided with a heat insulating material therein. A carbonizing apparatus for combustible organic matter, wherein a heating accelerating material is provided above the gas riser. 4. The carbonization apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the heat-promoting material is made of a heat-resistant metal or a heat-resistant ceramic and has a shape of a plate, a cylinder, a polyhedron, a sphere, or a net.