JP2003047942A - Garbage extinction treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a garbage extinction treatment apparatus utilizing heat generated by catalytically burning combustible gas generated by the decomposition/extinction treatment of garbage while enabling the decomposition/ extinction treatment of garbage by the action of decomposing microorganisms to sharply reduce the decomposition treatment energy of garbage and also oxidizing and decomposing a malodorous substance at the same time to minimize the generation of malodor. SOLUTION: Garbage is charged in a decomposition tank, which is equipped with stirring blades arranged so as to transfer garbage to the central direction of the decomposition tank, to be stirred and crushed with high efficiency and decomposed by high temperature fermentation due to microorganisms in the presence of air, and the combustible gas generated by the decomposition of garbage is sucked to be catalytically burnt. At this time, a part of heat generated by combustion is reutilized as a heat source for keeping temperature necessary for the decomposition reaction of garbage and, at the same time, the malodorous substance is oxidized and decomposed to suppress the generation of malodor.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a garbage disposal device that can dispose of garbage disposed of at home, restaurants, hotels, schools, hospitals and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the method of collecting raw garbage is to collect and incinerate it by a local government or the like, or to ferment the collected raw garbage and then reuse the fermentation product as fertilizer or feed. It was being done. In recent years, in order to treat food waste more efficiently, decomposing microorganisms (mainly aerobic bacteria,
A method of decomposing and eliminating raw garbage into water and combustible gas by the action of facultative anaerobic bacteria has been developed.

However, in the latter method of disposing of garbage, it is necessary to disintegrate and eliminate the garbage, although it has the advantage that the garbage itself can be significantly reduced in order to decompose and destroy the garbage into water and combustible gas. Since the temperature is as high as 50 ° C to 60 ° C, heating with a heater or the like is necessary.
The heating had to be continued for a long time in order to continuously discharge the water generated by the decomposition and disappearance treatment as water vapor. Therefore, the method of decomposing and eliminating raw garbage by the action of degrading microorganisms has a drawback in that it consumes about 5 to 6 times as much electric power as compared with the method of fermenting raw garbage. In addition, this method also has a drawback that it is not possible to directly remove the malodor caused by the decomposition of the garbage.

[0004]

Therefore, according to the present invention, the heat of burning a combustible gas or the like generated by the decomposition and disappearance of the garbage by a catalyst while enabling the decomposition and disappearance of the garbage by the action of the decomposing microorganisms The present invention aims to provide a garbage-disposal processing apparatus that uses the catalyst to significantly reduce energy for disposing of garbage and at the same time oxidizes and decomposes malodorous substances with a catalyst to minimize the generation of malodor.

[0005]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a decomposition tank equipped with an agitating means for decomposing the input garbage by the high temperature fermentation of microorganisms in the presence of air, and a combustible material generated by decomposition of the garbage. Of high temperature fermentation of raw garbage in the decomposition tank by means for discharging the organic gas from the decomposition tank, a combustion chamber for burning the discharged gas in the presence of a catalyst, and at least a part of the heat quantity of the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber. The above problem is solved by providing a garbage disposal device that is provided with means for maintaining the temperature.

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Garbage mainly consists of the remains of living things (plants, animals). In the natural world, the remains of living organisms are decomposed by putrefactive bacteria over a relatively long period of time, and inorganic substances are removed to become simple substances such as carbon dioxide and water, which virtually disappear. In the decomposition process, complex organic solids such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins are once hydrolyzed into intermediate products such as monosaccharides, fatty acids and amines, which are further fermented to final products such as alcohols, organic acids and methane. Be converted to. The optimum temperature for fermentation of raw garbage for composting is medium temperature fermentation at 30 to 35 ° C, but the products are mainly intermediate products and debris produced by the above hydrolysis. In contrast, high temperature fermentation is carried out at 50-60 ° C, especially around 55 ° C, and the product is mainly the final product above. By combining this high-temperature fermentation with a sufficient supply of air (oxygen), it becomes possible to decompose most of the garbage into the final products above, and the treatment per unit time compared to medium-temperature fermentation. The amount can be increased 3-5 times. Most of the products of this high temperature fermentation are combustible gases.
However, the concentration of combustible substances in the exhaust gas from the high-temperature fermentor was not high enough to cause self-combustion, so it was released into the atmosphere as it was. However, the development of catalyst technology has made it possible to convert such a lean gas into carbon dioxide and water vapor using a catalyst. In principle, the present invention utilizes the above aerobic high temperature fermentation and catalytic oxidative decomposition of the fermentation gas. Amine and mercaptan are the causative substances of the malodor generated by the decomposition or fermentation of food waste. The catalytic oxidation of the fermentation gas has the effect of converting these malodorous substances into other forms.

The decomposition tank is provided with an agitating blade for agitating and crushing the material for decomposing raw garbage degrading raw garbage and degrading microorganisms into granular materials. As a characteristic of the stirring blade, the stirring blade is arranged so as to transfer the raw dust and the raw dust decomposition medium material toward the center of the decomposition tank. In addition, a fluororesin sheet is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the stirring blade so that raw dust attached to the inner surface of the decomposition tank can be scraped off. The fluororesin sheet is selected because it can maintain the elasticity and shape of the outer edge of the stirring blade without softening at the treatment temperature of 50 ° C to 60 ° C in the decomposition tank, and also has excellent wear resistance. The material is not limited to the fluororesin sheet and can be used as long as the material can exhibit the same function.

Further, in the outer peripheral portion of the decomposition tank, a temperature of 50.degree.
It is equipped with a straight heater to maintain the temperature at 0 ° C.

The combustion system using a catalyst includes a suction blower for sucking in flammable gas containing steam generated by decomposition and disappearance of garbage and for re-blowing, a catalyst heater for completely burning the flammable gas, and a catalyst. The exhaust heat duct for cooling the combustion gas of about 400 ℃ -500 ℃ discharged from the heater to the temperature required for decomposition / disappearance of food waste, and the air (oxygen) necessary for decomposition / disappearance of food waste are replenished. It consists of a blower blower.

In order to cool the combustion gas exhausted from the catalytic heater to a predetermined temperature, the exhaust heat duct is provided with a radiator plate on the outer periphery of the duct and blows external air to the radiator plate by a cooling fan. Control. Therefore, the combustion gas of about 400 ℃ ~ 500 ℃ decomposes the garbage
The structure of the exhaust heat duct does not matter as long as it is a heat exchanger that can be cooled to the temperature required for extinction.

The combustion gas discharged from the exhaust heat duct contains
It contains a large amount of air (oxygen), but while supplementing the air (oxygen) lacking due to combustion with a blower blower,
This is blown into the decomposition tank again, and the agitating blades vigorously agitate the raw dust and the raw dust degrading medium to activate the degrading microorganisms (mainly aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria), and most of the raw garbage contains water. And decomposed into flammable gas, etc.

As a result, the combustion heat of the combustible gas and the like generated by the decomposition and extinction is used as a heat source in the decomposition tank in place of the straight heater, and at this time, the power of the straight heater is unnecessary. In addition, it is possible to significantly reduce power consumption.

Further, since the apparatus of the present invention is provided with the catalytic heater in the combustion system, the malodorous substances generated by the decomposition and disappearance of the garbage are also oxidized and decomposed to minimize the generation of malodor. This has the effect of being able to.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of a garbage disposal device according to the present invention. At the upper part of the decomposition tank 1, there is provided an openable / closable door 1a for introducing garbage. Door 1a
1 g of raw garbage and raw garbage degrading medium material (those obtained by growing aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria that can grow at high temperature into granular materials such as coffee slag, activated carbon and natural ore) For initial decomposition and extinction (50 ℃ -60
Stirring blade 1 while heating with a straight heater 1f
The b is stirred by being rotated by the electric motor 1c. At this time, the combustible gas generated by the initial decomposition and disappearance of the garbage is burned by the catalytic heater 3, and the air (oxygen) reduced by the combustion gas is replenished with an appropriate amount by the blower blower 5 while the garbage is decomposed and eliminated. When it is cooled to the temperature necessary for the decomposition and blown into the decomposition tank 1, the decomposition microorganisms (mainly aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria) that can grow at high temperature are activated, and most of the garbage is mixed with moisture and flammable gas. Etc. can be disassembled and eliminated. Furthermore, the residue generated at the processing temperature can be collected after the garbage is decomposed and disappeared, and can be reused as many times as raw garbage decomposing medium material when new garbage is introduced. More efficient decomposition and elimination of garbage can be achieved.

FIG. 2 shows an internal cross section of the decomposition tank 1 of the apparatus for eliminating garbage according to the present invention. A stirring blade 1b is installed inside the decomposition tank 1. The stirring blade 1b is arranged so that the treated product 1g (raw waste and raw waste decomposing medium material) is transferred toward the center of the decomposition tank 1, and at the outer edge of the stirring blade 1b, the treated product adhered to the inner surface of the decomposition tank is disposed. Since the fluororesin sheet 1d is provided so that it can be scraped off, a flow 1e of the processed product is generated in the decomposition tank 1. Therefore, the raw garbage is finely crushed in a short time due to the interaction of self-crushing by stirring and crushing by the stirring blade 1b, and the specific surface area of contact with the degrading microorganisms is increased, whereby the time for decomposing / disappearing the garbage is shortened. .

At the bottom of the decomposition tank 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, there is provided a straight heater 1f for compensating the temperature for the initial decomposition and elimination of raw garbage. Straight heater 1f
Is used to heat the raw garbage and 1 g of the raw garbage decomposing medium material at an initial stage to 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. However, after the combustible gas or the like is generated from the raw garbage, the combustion heat of the combustible gas, etc. Is used as a heat source required for decomposition / disappearance, the heating by the straight heater 1f can be stopped.

Further, even in the stage of initial heating by the straight heater 1f, the stirring blade 1b having the above arrangement shortens the decomposition and disappearance time of the garbage, and therefore the initial power consumption by the straight heater 1f is also reduced. Become.

Next, the structure of the combustion system using the catalyst shown in FIG. 1 will be described. Moisture and combustible gas generated by decomposition and disappearance of raw garbage in the decomposition tank 1 are sucked by the suction blower 2 and then sent to the catalyst heater 3. In this catalytic heater 3, by burning moisture and combustible gas generated by decomposition / disappearance, a malodorous substance generated by decomposition / disappearance of raw garbage can be simultaneously oxidized and decomposed, and a deodorizing effect can be expected. Further, after combustion of the combustible gas, the power consumption of the catalyst heater itself is also reduced in the catalyst heater 3 due to the combustion heat of the combustible gas and the like.

About 400 ° C. discharged from the catalyst heater 3
The combustion gas at ˜500 ° C. is sent to the exhaust heat duct 4, where it is cooled to 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. by heat exchange with the external air. Specifically, a heat dissipation plate is attached to the outer peripheral portion of the exhaust heat duct 4, and external air is blown to the heat dissipation plate by the cooling fan 4a so that the combustion gas temperature at the outlet of the exhaust heat duct 4 is decomposed and eliminated. The temperature is controlled so that

Although the combustion gas discharged from the exhaust heat duct 4 contains a large amount of air (oxygen), an appropriate amount of air (oxygen) deficient due to combustion is replenished from the blower blower 5 and this is again decomposed. It is blown into the gap between the garbage inside and the garbage decomposing medium material 1 g, and the stirring is continued.

As a result, the processing temperature of the decomposition tank 1 is maintained at a temperature necessary for decomposing / decomposing the garbage, so that the decomposition / decomposition of the garbage is continued, and the combustible gas and the like generated by this are
Since it is reused as a heat source by the combustion system using the catalyst, heating by the straight heater 1f is unnecessary.

[0022]

As described above, in the apparatus of the present invention, the stirring blades are arranged inside the decomposition tank so that the treated substances (raw dust and raw waste decomposition medium material) are transferred toward the center of the decomposition tank. A fluororesin sheet is provided in the external part of the stirring blade to drop the processed material adhering to the inner surface of the decomposition tank, so that the processed materials (raw waste and raw waste decomposition medium material) are drawn to the center of the stirring tank. Stir vigorously. For this reason, in the decomposition tank, raw garbage is finely crushed in a short time due to the interaction of self-crushing by stirring and crushing by a stirring blade, and the decomposition and disappearance time of raw garbage due to an increase in the contact specific surface area with the degrading microorganisms. This has the effect of shortening.

Further, since the apparatus of the present invention is provided with a combustion system for burning the combustible gas generated by the decomposition / extinction processing of the garbage by the catalyst, the combustion heat generated by the combustion converts the garbage into the garbage. It can be continuously reused as a heat source necessary for decomposition and extinction. Therefore, after the decomposition / extinction reaction of the garbage is started, there is no need to supply a heat source for continuing the reaction from an external heater or the like.

Further, since the apparatus of the present invention is provided with the catalytic heater in the combustion system, the malodorous substances generated by the decomposition / disappearance of the garbage are simultaneously oxidized and decomposed to minimize the generation of malodorous substances. This has the effect of being able to.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing a system configuration of an apparatus for eliminating garbage according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a decomposition tank that constitutes the garbage disposal device according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

Decomposition tank 1a ... Open / close door 1b: stirring blade 1c ... Electric motor 1d: Fluororesin sheet 1e ... Flow of processed material 1f: Straight heater 1g: Treated material (raw garbage and raw waste decomposition medium material) 2 ... Suction blower 3 ... Catalyst heater 4 ... Exhaust heat duct 4a: Cooling fan 5 ... Blower

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A decomposition tank equipped with a stirring means inside for decomposing the input garbage by high temperature fermentation of microorganisms in the presence of air, and a flammable gas generated by decomposition of the garbage is discharged from the decomposition tank. Means, a combustion chamber for combusting the discharged gas in the presence of a catalyst, a means for maintaining the garbage in the decomposition tank at a high fermentation temperature by at least a part of the heat quantity of the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber. An apparatus for eliminating food waste, which is characterized by being provided. 2. The decomposing tank according to claim 1, wherein the decomposition tank is connected to a blower blower for taking in air and a suction blower for sending the combustible gas generated by decomposition of the garbage to the combustion chamber. Processing equipment. 3. The food waste elimination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decomposition tank is provided with a heater for heating food waste for the initial high temperature fermentation. 4. The garbage eliminating device according to claim 1, wherein the stirring means of the decomposition tank is provided with a stirring blade arranged so as to transfer the garbage to the center of the decomposition tank. 5. The garbage eliminator according to claim 1, wherein the stirring means of the decomposition tank is equipped with a stirring blade provided with a fluororesin sheet on the outer edge of the stirring blade so as to scrape off the garbage adhering to the inner surface of the decomposition tank. Processing equipment. 6. The garbage disposal device according to claim 1, further comprising means for cooling the hot exhaust gas from the combustion chamber to a temperature close to the high temperature fermentation temperature and for recirculating the cooled exhaust gas to the decomposition tank.