JP2003045674A - Organic electroluminescent element - Google Patents
Organic electroluminescent elementInfo
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- JP2003045674A JP2003045674A JP2001235350A JP2001235350A JP2003045674A JP 2003045674 A JP2003045674 A JP 2003045674A JP 2001235350 A JP2001235350 A JP 2001235350A JP 2001235350 A JP2001235350 A JP 2001235350A JP 2003045674 A JP2003045674 A JP 2003045674A
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- Prior art keywords
- light emitting
- organic
- emitting layer
- organic light
- transparent electrode
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、電流の注入によっ
て発光する物質のエレクトロルミネセンスを利用して、
かかる物質を層状に形成した発光層を備えたエレクトロ
ルミネセンス素子に関し、特に発光層が有機化合物を発
光体として構成される有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子
に関する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention utilizes electroluminescence of a substance which emits light upon injection of an electric current,
The present invention relates to an electroluminescent device provided with a light emitting layer formed by layering such a substance, and particularly to an organic electroluminescent device in which the light emitting layer is composed of an organic compound as a light emitter.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】エレクトロルミネセンス素子（以下「Ｅ
Ｌ素子」と記載する。）には、無機ＥＬ素子と有機ＥＬ
素子とがある。一般に、無機ＥＬ素子が薄膜型と分散型
ともに数十Ｖ以上の交流電圧で発光するのに対し、有機
ＥＬ素子は１０Ｖ程度あるいはそれ以下の直流電圧で高
輝度で発光するという利点がある。有機ＥＬ素子の一般
的な構造を図６の縦断面模式図に示す。2. Description of the Related Art Electroluminescent devices (hereinafter referred to as "E
L element ". ) Is an inorganic EL element and an organic EL
There is an element. In general, an inorganic EL element emits light with an alternating voltage of several tens of volts or more for both thin film type and dispersion type, while an organic EL element has an advantage that it emits light with high brightness at a DC voltage of about 10 V or less. A general structure of the organic EL device is shown in a schematic vertical sectional view of FIG.
【０００３】透明基板８上に透明電極９と有機発光層１
０と対向電極１１とを順に積層する構造をもつ。有機発
光層１０は図６には示していないが、種々の有機薄膜の
積層体であり、たとえばトリフェニルアミン誘導体等か
らなる正孔注入層とキノリノール錯体誘導体からなる電
子輸送性の発光層の積層体、あるいはこのような発光層
とオキサジアゾール誘導体からなる電子注入層の積層
体、またあるいはこれらの正孔注入層や発光層や電子注
入層の積層体などの組み合わせを選択できる。A transparent electrode 9 and an organic light emitting layer 1 are formed on a transparent substrate 8.
It has a structure in which 0 and the counter electrode 11 are sequentially stacked. Although not shown in FIG. 6, the organic light emitting layer 10 is a laminated body of various organic thin films, for example, a hole injection layer made of a triphenylamine derivative or the like and an electron transporting light emitting layer made of a quinolinol complex derivative. Or a combination of such a light emitting layer and an electron injection layer made of an oxadiazole derivative, or a combination of these hole injection layers, light emitting layers and electron injection layers.
【０００４】有機ＥＬ素子の発光は、透明電極９と対向
電極１１とに電圧を印加することにより有機発光層１０
に正孔と電子とを注入し、これらが再結合し、再結合に
よって生じるエネルギーが蛍光物質を励起し、励起され
た蛍光物質が基底状態に戻るときに光を放射するという
機構でおこる。Light emission from the organic EL element is achieved by applying a voltage to the transparent electrode 9 and the counter electrode 11 to form the organic light emitting layer 10.
This is due to the mechanism that holes and electrons are injected into the substrate, these are recombined, the energy generated by the recombination excites the fluorescent substance, and the excited fluorescent substance emits light when returning to the ground state.
【０００５】有機ＥＬ素子では、有機発光層１０での発
光を取り出すために一方の電極は透明でなくてはなら
ず、通常、透明電極９を酸化インジウム錫（ＩＴＯ）の
透明導電体で形成しこれを陽極とするこことが多いが、
仕事関数のより大きな、Ａｕ、Ｐｔなどの金属を用いよ
うとした試みもある。一方、電子注入を容易にして発光
効率を上げるには陰極に仕事関数の小さな物質を用いる
ことが重要で、一般に対向電極１１としては、ＡｌやＭ
ｇ−Ａｇ、Ａｌ−Ｌｉ、ＬｉＦ等の膜を用いる。In the organic EL device, one electrode must be transparent in order to extract the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer 10. Normally, the transparent electrode 9 is formed of a transparent conductor of indium tin oxide (ITO). This is often used as the anode,
There have also been attempts to use metals such as Au and Pt, which have a higher work function. On the other hand, it is important to use a substance having a small work function for the cathode in order to facilitate the electron injection and increase the light emission efficiency. Generally, the counter electrode 11 is made of Al or M.
A film of g-Ag, Al-Li, LiF or the like is used.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来の有機ＥＬ素子は
ＩＴＯを使用しているが、ＩＴＯは光透過率に優れ、仕
事関数も５．０ｅＶ程度と比較的大きな値を持つもの
の、その電気抵抗値は金属と比べるとはるかに高い。そ
のため、大きな電流を流すのに適した材料ではないとい
う問題点があった。また、抵抗値が低く、仕事関数もＩ
ＴＯより大きいＡｕ、Ｐｔなどの金属は光の透過性が悪
く、十分な光透過率を得るには極薄膜にしなければなら
ず、結果としてシート抵抗が高くなってしまうという問
題点があった。Conventional organic EL devices use ITO. Although ITO has a high light transmittance and a work function of about 5.0 eV, which is a relatively large value, its electrical resistance is low. The value is much higher than that of metal. Therefore, there is a problem that the material is not suitable for passing a large current. Also, the resistance is low and the work function is I
Metals such as Au and Pt, which are larger than TO, have poor light transmissivity, and an extremely thin film has to be formed in order to obtain a sufficient light transmittance, resulting in a problem that the sheet resistance becomes high.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
に、本発明は、透明基板上に形成した透明電極と、前記
透明電極上に形成した有機発光層と、前記透明電極上で
前記有機発光層から一定の距離を隔てた前記有機発光層
の外側に形成した少なくとも１つの補助電極と、前記有
機発光層上に形成した陰極と、を有する有機エレクトロ
ルミネセンス素子である。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a transparent electrode formed on a transparent substrate, an organic light emitting layer formed on the transparent electrode, and an organic layer formed on the transparent electrode. It is an organic electroluminescence device having at least one auxiliary electrode formed outside the organic light emitting layer at a certain distance from the light emitting layer, and a cathode formed on the organic light emitting layer.
【０００８】また本発明は、前記補助電極が真空成膜法
により形成された有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子であ
る。Further, the present invention is an organic electroluminescence device in which the auxiliary electrode is formed by a vacuum film forming method.
【０００９】また本発明は、前記補助電極が金属や合金
あるいは金属化合物の積層体からなる有機エレクトロル
ミネセンス素子である。Further, the present invention is the organic electroluminescence device, wherein the auxiliary electrode is made of a laminate of metal, alloy or metal compound.
【００１０】また本発明は、前記補助電極が前記透明電
極と前記陰極のいずれか一方と同じ材料で形成した有機
エレクトロルミネセンス素子である。つまり、本発明
は、透明電極上に高電気伝導性の補助電極を設けること
としている。そして、このような補助電極によりシート
抵抗値を減少させ、大きな電流を流した際の電圧降下や
発熱を抑制し、高効率で高輝度の発光を安定して得るこ
とができる。Further, the present invention is the organic electroluminescence device, wherein the auxiliary electrode is made of the same material as either one of the transparent electrode and the cathode. That is, in the present invention, the auxiliary electrode having high electrical conductivity is provided on the transparent electrode. Then, the sheet resistance value is reduced by such an auxiliary electrode, voltage drop and heat generation when a large current is applied can be suppressed, and highly efficient and high-luminance light emission can be stably obtained.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態】＜実施の形態１＞以下、本発明の
実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。図１は、本実施
の形態における有機ＥＬ素子の平面模式図である。図２
は、図１に示した本実施の形態における有機ＥＬ素子の
Ａ−Ｂ縦断面模式図を示す。透明基板１の表面に透明電
極（陽極）２が形成され、発光部には少なくとも有機発
光層３及び陰極４が順に積層され、有機ＥＬ素子を構成
している。また、透明電極２上の発光部と平面的に重な
らない部分には、高電気伝導性の補助電極５が設けられ
ている。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION <First Embodiment> An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the organic EL element according to the present embodiment. Figure 2
FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the organic EL device of the present embodiment shown in FIG. A transparent electrode (anode) 2 is formed on the surface of a transparent substrate 1, and at least an organic light emitting layer 3 and a cathode 4 are sequentially stacked in the light emitting portion to form an organic EL element. In addition, a highly electrically conductive auxiliary electrode 5 is provided in a portion of the transparent electrode 2 that does not overlap the light emitting portion in plan view.
【００１２】本発明の実施の形態においては、ガラスや
シートやフィルム状の高分子の透明基板１上に、所望の
電極物質、例えば陽極用物質であるＩＴＯ薄膜を、１μ
ｍ以下、好ましくは１０〜２００ｎｍの範囲の膜厚にな
るように、蒸着やスパッタリングなどの方法により形成
させ、陽極を作製する。次に、この上に正孔注入輸送材
料からなる薄膜を形成し、正孔注入層を設ける。正孔注
入輸送材料の薄膜化の方法としては、スピンコート法、
キャスト法、蒸着法などがあるが、均質な膜が得られや
すく、かつピンホールが生成しにくいなどの点から、真
空蒸着法が好ましい。正孔注入材料の薄膜化に、この蒸
着法を採用する場合、その蒸着条件は、使用する化合物
の種類、分子堆積膜の目的とする結晶構造、再結合構造
などにより異なるが、一般にボート加熱温度５０〜４５
０℃、真空度１０-5〜１０-3Ｐａ、蒸着速度０．０１〜
５０ｎｍ／ｓｅｃ、基板温度−５０〜３００℃、膜厚５
ｎｍ〜５μｍの範囲で適宜選ぶことが望ましい。また、
所望の形状は、基板平面部を必要な部分を除き覆うよう
な遮蔽マスクを用いることで容易に得ることが出来る。
次に発光層の形成後、その上に陰極用物質からなる薄膜
を、１０〜５００ｎｍ好ましくは ５０〜２００ｎｍの
範囲の膜厚になるように、例えば蒸着やスパッタリング
などの方法により形成させ陰極４を作製する。なお、本
発明においては、正孔注入層、電子注入層を用いなくて
もよい。すなわち、素子は単層であっても、二層以上の
複層構造であっても構わない。また、低分子系の有機物
質を用いた有機ＥＬ素子を例にとり説明しているが、低
分子系及び高分子系いずれの有機物質を用いても構わ
ず、同様の効果が得られる。In the embodiment of the present invention, 1 μm of a desired electrode material, for example, an ITO thin film which is a material for an anode, is provided on a transparent substrate 1 made of glass, sheet or film polymer.
The anode is formed by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering so as to have a film thickness of m or less, preferably 10 to 200 nm. Next, a thin film made of a hole injecting and transporting material is formed on this to provide a hole injecting layer. As a method for thinning the hole injecting and transporting material, a spin coating method,
Although there are casting method, vapor deposition method and the like, the vacuum vapor deposition method is preferable because it is easy to obtain a uniform film and it is difficult to form pinholes. When this vapor deposition method is used for thinning the hole injection material, the vapor deposition conditions vary depending on the type of compound used, the target crystal structure of the molecular deposited film, the recombination structure, etc. 50-45
0 ° C., vacuum degree 10 −5 to 10 −3 Pa, vapor deposition rate 0.01 to
50 nm / sec, substrate temperature −50 to 300 ° C., film thickness 5
It is desirable to appropriately select in the range of nm to 5 μm. Also,
The desired shape can be easily obtained by using a shielding mask that covers the flat surface portion of the substrate except the necessary portion.
Next, after forming the light emitting layer, a thin film made of a material for the cathode is formed thereon by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering so as to have a film thickness in the range of 10 to 500 nm, preferably 50 to 200 nm. Create. In addition, in the present invention, the hole injection layer and the electron injection layer may not be used. That is, the element may have a single layer or a multilayer structure of two or more layers. Further, although the organic EL element using the low molecular organic material has been described as an example, the same effect can be obtained by using either the low molecular organic material or the high molecular organic material.
【００１３】＜実施の形態２＞図３に示される実施の形
態では、正孔輸送材料にトリフェニルアミン誘導体（Ｔ
ＰＤ）、電子輸送性発光材料にキノリノール錯体誘導体
（Ａｌｑ３）、陰極材料にＭｇ−Ａｇを用いて、有機Ｅ
Ｌ素子を形成する。その後、銀ペーストを塗布して、補
助電極６を３ヶ所に形成している。このような構成は、
発光部が複数に分割された有機ＥＬ素子作製の際に有効
である。<Embodiment 2> In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a triphenylamine derivative (T
PD), a quinolinol complex derivative (Alq3) as an electron-transporting light emitting material, and Mg-Ag as a cathode material to form an organic E
An L element is formed. Then, silver paste is applied to form the auxiliary electrodes 6 at three places. Such a configuration
This is effective when manufacturing an organic EL element in which the light emitting portion is divided into a plurality of parts.
【００１４】＜実施の形態３＞図４に示される実施例で
は、上述の実施例と同一の材料および方法により、有機
ＥＬ素子を形成した。補助電極７は透明電極２上の周辺
部に形成されており、発光部が分割されていない素子の
作製時に有効である。<Third Embodiment> In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, an organic EL element is formed by using the same material and method as those in the above-mentioned embodiments. The auxiliary electrode 7 is formed in the peripheral portion on the transparent electrode 2 and is effective when manufacturing an element in which the light emitting portion is not divided.
【００１５】また、図３および図４に示される実施例に
おいて、補助電極５を蒸着やスパッタリング、イオンプ
レーティングといった真空製膜法により形成しても構わ
ない。Further, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the auxiliary electrode 5 may be formed by a vacuum film forming method such as vapor deposition, sputtering or ion plating.
【００１６】補助電極５の材料としては、金属や合金、
金属化合物を用いれば、より顕著な抵抗値の減少効果が
期待できる。さらにそれらの積層体とすることにより、
金属膜の酸化や腐蝕を防止する等のことも可能となり、
材料選択の幅を広げることができる。The material of the auxiliary electrode 5 is metal or alloy,
If a metal compound is used, a more remarkable resistance value reducing effect can be expected. Furthermore, by making them a laminated body,
It is also possible to prevent oxidation and corrosion of the metal film,
The range of material selection can be expanded.
【００１７】また、金属陰極の形成と同時に同材料で行
えば、工程を新たに追加することなく簡便に補助電極５
を形成することができるため、量産に適している。If the same material is formed at the same time as the formation of the metal cathode, the auxiliary electrode 5 can be easily formed without adding a new step.
Therefore, it is suitable for mass production.
【００１８】真空製膜法を用いて、遮蔽マスクで補助電
極５を所望の形状に形成する場合は、補助電極５を分割
した構成にすることで、極薄の金属板で作製した遮蔽マ
スクが自重によりたわみ、基板表面から離れてしまうこ
とを防止することが出来る。また、抵抗値についてもほ
ぼ同等の減少効果が期待できる。When the auxiliary electrode 5 is formed in a desired shape with a shielding mask by using the vacuum film forming method, the auxiliary electrode 5 is divided into two parts, so that the shielding mask made of an extremely thin metal plate can be used. It is possible to prevent bending due to its own weight and separation from the substrate surface. In addition, the resistance value can be expected to have almost the same reduction effect.
【００１９】図５に使用した遮蔽マスクの一例を示す。
遮蔽マスク２０は、補助電極５を作成するための補助電
極部３０と有機発光層４を作成するための有機発光層部
４０が抜いてあるものである。そして、複数個を同時に
作成できるように、１枚の遮蔽マスク２０に、数個の補
助電極部３０と数個の有機発光層部４０とを設ける。FIG. 5 shows an example of the shielding mask used.
The shielding mask 20 is obtained by omitting the auxiliary electrode portion 30 for forming the auxiliary electrode 5 and the organic light emitting layer portion 40 for forming the organic light emitting layer 4. Then, several auxiliary electrode portions 30 and several organic light emitting layer portions 40 are provided on one shielding mask 20 so that a plurality of them can be formed at the same time.
【００２０】[0020]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明によれば、簡便で安
価に光の透過率を低下させることなく、ＩＴＯからなる
陽極の電気抵抗を減少させることができる。それによ
り、大きな電流を流した際の電圧降下や発熱を抑制し、
高効率で高輝度の有機ＥＬ素子を得ることができる。As described above, according to the present invention, the electric resistance of the anode made of ITO can be reduced easily and inexpensively without lowering the light transmittance. This suppresses the voltage drop and heat generation when a large current is applied,
An organic EL device having high efficiency and high brightness can be obtained.
【図１】本発明の一実施例の形態における有機ＥＬ素子
の平面模式図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an organic EL element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の一実施例の形態における有機ＥＬ素子
の縦断面模式図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of an organic EL element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の一実施例の形態における有機ＥＬ素子
の平面模式図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of an organic EL device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の一実施例の形態における有機ＥＬ素子
の平面模式図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of an organic EL element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の一実施例の形態に関わる遮蔽マスクの
模式図である。FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a shielding mask according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図６】従来の有機ＥＬ素子の縦断面模式図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a conventional organic EL element.
１ 透明基板 ２ 透明電極 ３ 有機発光層 ４ 陰極 ５ 補助電極 ６ 補助電極 ７ 補助電極 ８ 透明基板 ９ 透明電極 １０ 有機発光層 １１ 対向電極 1 transparent substrate 2 transparent electrode 3 Organic light emitting layer 4 cathode 5 Auxiliary electrode 6 auxiliary electrodes 7 Auxiliary electrode 8 transparent substrate 9 Transparent electrode 10 organic light emitting layer 11 Counter electrode
Claims (4)
た前記有機発光層の外側に形成した少なくとも１つの補
助電極と、 前記有機発光層上に形成した陰極と、 を有する有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子。1. A transparent electrode formed on a transparent substrate, an organic light emitting layer formed on the transparent electrode, and an outer side of the organic light emitting layer on the transparent electrode, the organic light emitting layer being separated from the organic light emitting layer by a predetermined distance. An organic electroluminescence device comprising: at least one auxiliary electrode formed; and a cathode formed on the organic light emitting layer.
れたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の有機エレクトロル
ミネセンス素子。2. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary electrode is formed by a vacuum film forming method.
化合物の積層体からなることを特徴とする請求項１また
は２に記載の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子。3. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary electrode is made of a laminated body of a metal, an alloy or a metal compound.
極のいずれか一方と同じ材料で形成した請求項１乃至３
のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子。4. The auxiliary electrode is formed of the same material as either one of the transparent electrode and the cathode.
5. The organic electroluminescence device according to any one of 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001235350A JP2003045674A (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2001-08-02 | Organic electroluminescent element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001235350A JP2003045674A (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2001-08-02 | Organic electroluminescent element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
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