JP2003039133A - Axial thickening process method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide forming conditions (axial compression stress σC, bending angle θ) in the axial thickening process characterized by the feature that a material W to be processed is held by a pair of holding sections having the prescribed clearance L0 estranged and, by approximating the one holding section to the other holding section, an axial compression stress P, a peri-axial revolution, and a bend of the bending angle by biasing the one holding section to the other holding section so as to slant, act on the material W to be processed so that the desired thickening section figuration is formed. SOLUTION: The thickening deformation behavior is mathematically modeled and the mathematical model has enabled forming conditions (the axial compression stress σC, and the bending angle θ) for the desired thickening against an optional axial diameter material to be guided.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a metal shaft or
Form an enlarged part larger than the material diameter in the middle of the metal tube
The present invention relates to a shaft enlargement processing method. [0002] 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a metal shaft material or a work material has been used.
In the middle part of the metal tube, add an enlarged part larger than the workpiece diameter.
This can be done by welding separate parts or by adding large diameter
The method of shaving from the work material is taken. However,
The former case is affected by the welding heat, while the latter case
Has the problem of wasting resources by cutting out materials
is there. [0003] Therefore, the present applicant has adopted a new processing technique.
The work material is separated by a predetermined distance by a pair of holding parts.
And a constant axial compression force was applied to the workpiece.
With constant rotation, the rotation of the shaft causes the tensile and compression bending stress
Devise a method to partially enlarge the axis by repeating
Obtained home patent No. 1993956. This processing
With the method, there is almost no temperature rise during processing,
Energy and resource saving without mechanical damage to the material
Perform environmentally friendly processing that does not require cutting oil
Can be. [0004] However, this shaft enlargement processing method is an enlargement method.
There are many parts that have not been clarified about
The initial gripping interval, axial compression force and bending
It is necessary to select the desired angle and form the desired enlarged part.
Was. [0005] The problem to be solved
The points are the molding conditions (the initial
Grip spacing, axial compression pressure, bending angle).
You. [0006] According to the present invention, a shaft diameter D₀Become
A desired enlarged part is integrally formed in the middle part of the workpiece W
Therefore, a pair of holding portions facing each other are separated by a predetermined distance L.₀Separation
In this state, the workpiece W is held and at least one of the workpieces is held.
Part by moving the part relatively close to the other holding part.
Apply compression force P and reduce rotation around the axis.
And one of the holding parts is inclined with respect to the axis of the other holding part.
The workpiece W is rotated and bent by
Of the workpiece W between the two holding portions.
After accumulating the protrusions inside the bend and accumulating it all around,
After straightening the workpiece W by return, the rotation and shaft
In the shaft enlargement processing method to stop the compression state, N rotation
Later diameter D_N, Width l_NMathematical model for molding the enlarged part
The (Equation 7)(Equation 8) Where ε₀Is the shaft diameter D₀Has grown twice as large
N is the number of rotations, N₀
Is a rotation time constant, and this rotation time constant N₀Is (Equation 9) Where the rotation time constant N₀Angle dependence coefficient N of₀
^*And the stress-dependent index α (Equation 10) (Equation 11) And the shaft diameter D of the workpiece W₀Depends on the size effect,
That is, the shaft diameter dependence coefficient η (Equation 12) And the shaft enlargement conditions (bending angle) derived from these
θ, axial compression stress σ_C) To form the enlarged part integrally.
Shape is the most important feature. According to the present invention, a desired enlarged portion is formed.
Processing conditions (bending angle θ, axial compression stress σ_C) To the formula model
Can be derived by Therefore, in actual work
In the desired enlarged portion (diameter D_N, Width l_N) For molding
Enlarges the middle of the workpiece W without repeating the trial production
This has the effect of forming the part. [0008] FIG. 1 shows a case where the present invention is implemented.
1 shows a shaft enlargement processing apparatus used for the present invention. This shaft enlargement processing device 1
Is equipped with a drive rotating unit 3 fixed on a base frame 2.
I have. The drive rotation unit 3 holds the workpiece W
The workpiece W is configured to be rotatable around an axis.
You. More specifically, the support cylinder 4 fixed to the base frame 2
The holding cylinder 5 is automatically rotated via a bearing (not shown) inside.
Being pivoted to be. A drive source is provided at the front end of the holding cylinder 5.
Gear 8 so as to mesh with the gear 7 fixed to the motor 6
I'm stationary. A sleeve (not shown) is provided in the holding cylinder 5.
) Can be inserted to hold the workpiece W. So
Then, the driven rotary unit 9 is opposed to the drive rotary unit 3.
Is provided. The driven rotating unit 9 is mounted on the base frame 2
On the sliding frame 10 which can be moved back and forth,
10 and fixed to a rotatable rotating frame 11
The supporting cylinder 12 is provided. In this support tube 12, a bare
The holding cylinder 13 is pivoted via a ring (not shown),
One end of the compression frame 14 is fixed to the moving frame 11.
Therefore, it is configured to be slidable back and forth. That is,
The holding cylinder 13 of the driven rotating part 9 is rotatable in the supporting cylinder 12.
And a structure that can slide back and forth. 15 is biased
Nut supported by the rear of the sliding frame 11
Attached to the rear part of the rotating frame 11
Do not screw the screw 18 fastened to the output shaft of the motor 17.
The motor 17 rotates in the forward and reverse directions to allow sliding movement.
For rotating the rotating frame 11 with respect to the
is there. Although not shown, the base frame 2 and the slide
Feeding means is provided between the moving frames 10, and
The sliding frame 10 can be moved back and forth with respect to the rotating part 3.
Make up. The driving rotation unit 3 and the driven rotation unit 9
The axes of the sleeves that are the holding parts of
The sleeve axis on the driven rotating part 9 side tilts from the
It is configured to: [0009] The shaft enlargement processing apparatus 1 having the above configuration is used.
The procedure for performing the shaft enlargement process is as follows. First,
The holding portions of the driving rotating portion 3 and the driven rotating portion 9 are each coaxial.
Arranged above and at a predetermined interval L₀In the state of being separated
The workpiece W is held. After that, the holding part on the driven rotating part 9 side
To the drive rotating unit 3 side to apply the axial compression force P.
You. In this state, the distance between both holding portions is l₀It becomes. Soshi
And rotate the rotating frame 11 after applying rotation about the axis.
Then, the workpiece W is bent at a bending angle θ. You
Then, the workpiece W between the rotating parts 3 and 9 has an axial compression force P
And the bending at the bending angle θ is in effect.
The protrusions formed on the inside of the shaft
Stacked, material diameter D₀An enlarged part with a larger diameter is formed.
Next, the rotating frame 11 is returned to its original state,
3 and the driven rotation unit 9 are arranged so as to be located on the same axis,
After several rotations, the shaft compression force P and rotation around the shaft are stopped.
If the workpiece W is extracted from the rotating parts 3 and 9,
A shaft is formed in which the enlarged portion is integrally formed. [0010] The above-mentioned shaft enlargement processing method is performed more efficiently.
For this purpose, the following experiment was conducted to control the deformation behavior of the enlarged part.
And modeled by mathematical formulas. First, mathematical modeling
As an experimental method for performing this, the driving rotary unit 3 and the driven rotary
Workpiece with the respective holding parts of the part 9 being on the same straight line
While maintaining W (see FIG. 2 (a)), the set axial compression force P
First, a load was applied (see FIG. 2 (b)). After this load, both
Measure the distance between the holding parts, the initial value l of the width of the enlarged part₀Toss
You. Next, the holding part on the driven rotating part 9 side is moved to the driving rotating part 3 side.
Of the rotating frame 11 so as to incline with respect to the holding portion.
To add a bend at the bend angle θ and start rotating the shaft.
Shaft enlargement was performed {see FIG. 2 (c)}. Then
In the experiment, the width l _NAnd maximum outer diameter D
_NWas measured {see FIG. 2 (f)}. The experimental conditions and
Then, as the workpiece W, the shaft diameter D₀= 10 postcard sticks
For steel (JIS G 3123; SGD400-D)
The interval L of the initial setting of the enlarged section₀= 14 mm,
Axial compressive force P = 40 to 70 kN (axial compressive stress σ_C= 509
８９891 MPa) and the bending angle for each axial compression force P
θ is set to 4, 6, 8 °, and the shaft rotation speed is set to 10 rpm.
Then, an axial enlargement processing experiment was performed in a room temperature (25 ° C.) atmosphere.
Then, the axial compression force P and the bending moment during the shaft enlargement processing
Is measured with a load cell provided on the holding unit on the driven rotating unit 9 side.
Was. FIG. 3 shows the bending angle θ based on the above experimental results.
With the shaft compression force P = 42 kN (shaft pressure
Under the condition of 535 MPa), the enlarged part increases the number of rotations N.
The behavior of compressing with large_N/ L₀And N
The behavior that the shaft enlarges as the number of rotations N increases
D_N/ D₀And N. This axial hypertrophy
When mathematical modeling is applied to the deformation behavior,
Expressions (1) and (2) can be used. (Equation 13) [Equation 14] Where ε₀Is the shaft diameter D₀Axis when the size of the swelling doubled
Directional distortion, N₀Is l_N/ L₀, D_N/ D₀Actual measurement
The rotation time constant when formulas (1) and (2) are adapted to the values
is there. As can be seen from the estimation line in FIG.
It can be seen that the mathematical model was well formed in (2). This
The feature of the mathematical modeling is that the rotation time constant N₀And axial manure
Large machining conditions (axial compression stress σ_C, Bending angle θ)
It is possible to estimate the hypertrophic behavior. Next, the deformation mechanism in the shaft enlargement process is a bending process.
The maximum compressive deformation due to displacement moves with the rotation of the shaft
It is a mechanism that axial hypertrophy progresses, but after one rotation
During the next rotation, bending deformation occurs during one rotation
The compression deformation of the shaft must proceed. Therefore,
Deformation occurs when axial compression deformation proceeds without increasing axial compression force P
This means that the resistance has decreased. Therefore, this mechanism
A transformation model as shown in Fig. 4
And a continuous deformation process during one rotation
Shaft enlargement deformation due to spinning and rotation, and due to the Bauschinger effect
This alternation is separated into axial compression deformation due to lower yield strength.
An analytical model based on the deformation process was put forward. Fig. 5 shows axial compression
Force P (axial compression stress σ_C= 535MPa)
Under the condition that axial compression deformation proceeds as measured value,
Reverse the deformation behavior data based on the model shown in FIG.
It shows the behavior of the decrease in the deformation resistance stress when analyzed.
By alternating plastic deformation of tension and compression by rotation and bending
Bauschinger effect occurs and yield strength clearly decreases
You can see that it is doing. Next, the bending moment in the axial enlargement process
The behavior will be described. Figure 6 shows the axial compression stress σ_C= 65
Rotation under constant processing conditions of 0MPa, bending angle θ = 6 °
Bending moment in axial enlargement process with increasing number N
It shows the measured value and the model analysis value of the increase behavior of the resistance M.
You. As shown in FIG. 6, the measured values and the analyzed values match well.
You can see that there is. From the above description, the axial enlargement deformation behavior
The estimation is as follows. Fig. 7 shows the axial compressive stress σ_CTo
Rotation time constant N as a parameter₀And the bending angle θ
Is shown. From this figure, the condition of shaft enlargement processing (axial compression stress
σ_C, Bending angle θ) is given by the following equation (3)
Is important in mathematical modeling of axial hypertrophy deformation behavior
Parameters. (Equation 15) Here, the rotation time constant N₀Angle dependence index N of₀ ^*as well as
The pressurized stress dependence index α is calculated from the bending angle θ as
It can be estimated by (4) and (5). (Equation 16) [Equation 17] Then, the set processing conditions (σ_C= 545MP
a, θ = 6 °) based on equations (3) to (5).
Turn time constant N₀Is estimated, and the shaft enlarges as the number of rotations N increases.
When the deformation behavior is analyzed in reverse, the measured values are obtained as shown in Fig. 8.
And the estimated curve based on the above equations (1) to (5) are approximately
It is clear that they can be modeled mathematically
is there. Next, the shaft diameter D₀Using different workpieces W
The following experiment was conducted. This experimental method uses drive rotation
The holding part of the part 3 and the holding part of the driven rotating part 9 are on the same axis.
In the state, the workpiece W is mounted and the gripping interval L₀Measured
Later (see FIG. 2 (a)), the set axial compression force P is first applied.
did. Measure the distance between both holding parts at that time again,
Initial value l of width of material W₀{See FIG. 2 (b)}. Next
Then, the holding part of the driven rotating part 9 is faced as shown in FIG.
Inside rotation to add the bending angle θ and open the rotation of the workpiece W.
First, shaft enlargement was performed. In this experiment, every rotation
The width of the enlarged part l_NAnd maximum diameter D_NWas measured. Where N
Indicates the number of rotations. In addition, this experimental condition is the axial compression stress.
σ_C, Bending angle θ, initial width l of the processed part₀As a table
Shaft diameter D as in 1₀Room temperature 25
C. at a rotation speed of 10 rpm. In addition, the workpiece
As W, a polished bar (JIS G 3123; SGD)
400-D) shaft diameter D₀= 8, 10, 12, 25 mm
Using. [Table 1] FIG. 9 shows the shaft diameter D.₀= 8,10,12mm
In addition, the decrease in the width of the enlarged portion due to the increase in the number of rotations N is_N
/ L₀And the increasing behavior of the diameter is D_N/ D₀Indicated by
You. Do mathematical modeling for these axial hypertrophic deformation behaviors?
Then, they can be expressed by the following equations (6) and (7), respectively. (Equation 18) [Equation 19] That is, the above equations (6) and (7) are replaced by the above equations (1) and (7).
As can be seen from the same as (2), the shaft diameter D₀Ah
Or axial compression regardless of the value of the bending angle θ
Stress σ_CEquations (6) and (7) also apply to the behavior in the case of
And mathematical modeling of the axial hypertrophy behavior
Will be. Next, the axial compression stress σ affecting the deformation behavior_C・ Song
Angle θ / shaft diameter D₀The effect of this will be described. Work material
Shaft diameter D of W₀And shaft enlargement processing conditions (axial compression stress σ_C, Song
Rotation time constant N depending on₀Is the shaft diameter D₀= 10
mm, the shaft diameter dependent coefficient η = 1 and the following equation (8)
What can be estimated is as described above. (Equation 20) Here, the bending angle dependence coefficient N₀ ^*And pressure-dependent index
α can be estimated by the following equations (9) and (10), respectively. [Equation 21] (Equation 22) FIG. 10 shows the shaft diameter D₀= Rotate every 8,10,12mm
Time constant N₀And axial compressive stress σ_CShows the relationship. These functions
Shaft diameter D seen in the section₀Is dependent on the following equation (1)
The shaft diameter dependence coefficient η expressed by 1) can be used. [Equation 23]Here, m indicates the bending angle dependence index in the size effect.
ing. θ₀Is a reference angle constant. FIG. 11 uses the bending angle θ as a parameter.
Thus, the shaft diameter dependence coefficient η based on the equation (11) and D_N/ D₀of
It shows the relationship. From this figure, it is clear
In addition, the size effect of the round bar appears when the bending angle θ increases.
And shaft diameter D₀Is smaller, the rotation time constant N₀Is big
You. In other words, rotation until reaching the final target diameter of the enlarged part
The number N increases. Based on the above results, the shaft shown in FIG.
In the processing range of the enlargement processing equipment, the target processing dimensions and
Formulas (8) to (10) are suitable for setting the processing conditions for the shape.
It is clear that it can be used
You. The mathematical model described above is used to calculate the shaft diameter D.₀> 12
Fig. 12
Swell. FIG. 12 shows the shaft diameter D.₀= 25mm post-bar steel
Constant axial compressive stress (σ_C= 573MPa)
In the enlarged part when a machining experiment was performed at an inclination angle θ = 3 °
The deformation behavior is shown by measured and estimated values. formula
Target processing conditions (axial compression stress σ) in (8) to (10)_C,
The shaft diameter D is estimated by estimating the bending angle θ).₀= Enlarged even at 25mm
It can be seen that the deformation behavior of the part can be predicted. As described above, the axial enlargement deformation behavior is expressed by the equation
(6) and (7) have been properly modeled.
According to (8) to (10), target processing conditions (axial compression stress
σ_C, Bending angle θ) to predict the deformation behavior of the enlarged area.
Can be measured. That is, each material constant shown in Table 2
Should be clarified by the experiment described in the above embodiment.
If the desired enlarged part shape (diameter D_N, Width l_N) From molding strip
By estimating the case, the enlarged part of the desired shape can be integrated
The provided shaft can be molded. [Table 2] [0022] According to the present invention, as described above,
Forming strip to form desired enlarged part by repeating trial processing
The model was derived from the formula
It is possible to estimate this processing condition by Dellization
became. In other words, the enlarged model
(Diameter D_N, Width l_N) To estimate the molding conditions
Therefore, it is possible to mold a shaft material that is integrally provided with a desired enlarged portion.
Can be

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing an embodiment of a shaft enlargement processing apparatus. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a processing procedure of a shaft enlargement processing method. (B) is a diagram illustrating a state in which an axial compression force is applied from the state of (a). (C) is a state in which bending and rotation are applied to the state of (b). (D) is an explanatory view showing a state in which the hypertrophy phenomenon has progressed from the state shown in (c). (E) is an explanatory view showing a state in which bending back has been performed from the state shown in (d). The figure is an explanatory view showing a state in which the workpiece W is taken out from the state shown in FIG. 3E. FIG. 3 is an axial hypertrophy behavior with an increase in the number of rotations N, using a bending angle θ as a parameter. 5) Deformation resistance stress decreasing behavior in model analysis [Fig. 6] Bending moment increasing behavior [Fig. 7] Rotation time constant N ₀ and bending angle FIG. 8: Number of rotations N, width D _N / D _{0 of} enlarged portion and shaft diameter l
Found an estimated value of _N / _{l 0} 9 width enlargement portion and the rotation number N when using the workpiece W of the different shaft diameter _{D 0 D} N / _{D 0} and shaft diameter _l N / _{l 0} [FIG. 10] Relationship between rotation time constant N ₀ and axial compression stress σ [FIG. 11] Relationship between shaft diameter _DN and shaft diameter dependent coefficient η [FIG. 12] Number of rotations N and width D _N / D of enlarged portion ₀ and actual value and estimated value of shaft diameter l _N / l ₀ [Description of Signs] 1 Shaft enlargement processing device 2 Base frame 3 Drive rotation unit 9 Follower rotation unit

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Claims (1)

Patent Claims: 1. To integrally molded desired enlarged portion at an intermediate portion of the shaft diameter D ₀ becomes workpiece W, spaced a predetermined distance L ₀ to the pair of holding portions that face each other In this state, the workpiece W is held, and at least one of the holding portions is relatively approached to the other holding portion to apply the axial compressive force P. At the same time, the rotation around the axis and the at least one holding portion are caused to move to the other side. By biasing the workpiece W in a direction inclining with respect to the axis of the holding portion, the workpiece W is rotated and bent at a bending angle θ, and the convex portion formed inside the bending of the workpiece W between the two holding portions is entirely removed. after accumulated hypertrophy circumference, after straightening of the workpiece W by the bending back, made in the axial enlargement processing method for stopping the rotation and axial compression, the diameter D _N after N _rotation, a width l _N hypertrophy The mathematical model for forming the part is (Equation 2) Where ε ₀ is the average axial strain when the shaft diameter D ₀ is doubled, N is the number of rotations, and N ₀
Is a rotation time constant, and this rotation time constant N ₀ is given by: And, wherein the bending angle dependence coefficient N ₀ of the rotation time constant N ₀
^{* And the} stress dependence index α are given by (Equation 5) And the dimensional effect η depending on the shaft diameter D ₀ of the workpiece W is given by A shaft enlargement method characterized by integrally forming the enlarged portion according to shaft enlargement processing conditions (bending angle θ, axial compressive stress σ _C ) derived therefrom.