JP2003034571A - Firing method of sintered earthenware and case used for firing - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable to manufacture a sintered earthenware having a yo-hen (a surface color change in this case) at a low cost using a gas furnace generally used by a pottery with a short firing time. SOLUTION: A green earthenware body formed of china clay containing iron is placed in a firing case 1 along with charcoal, straw, and rice husk and the case 1 is fired in a gas furnace for about 12-15 hours to obtain a sintered earthenware having a yo-hen. The case 1 is formed by using a refractory clay and comprises a bottom frame 2 on which a green body is placed, a height- adjusting frame 3 piled on it, and a lid 4 covering the upper opening. Air ventilation spaces are formed between the piled components to prevent the airtightness inside the case.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for firing a compacted pottery which is capable of producing a compacted pottery in a short firing time by using a gas kiln, an electric kiln or the like which is widely used in the pottery industry, and the use thereof. Related to a baking container.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Ware baked at a high temperature without applying glaze (wagusuri) is characterized by naturally occurring accidental patterns and colors, and Bizen ware, Shigaraki ware, Iga ware, etc. are widely known. In the past, climbing kilns have been used to make wares that accompany kiln changes. This climbing kiln is formed by connecting firing chambers to a sloping ground, and has a structure in which the thermal power gradually extends from the lower chamber to the upper chamber.Using this climbing kiln, a large amount of firewood such as pinewood is consumed, By burning charcoal, straw, etc. for a long time (2 to 14 days), fire and ash of the firewood directly act on the work, creating unique kiln change patterns one by one to create high-value pottery. To be

[0003]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional firing method, a very long firing time is required and a huge amount of firewood is required due to the fact that the development of kiln changes is dependent on the kiln. Therefore, there is a problem that the labor cost and the fuel cost increase and the manufacturing cost becomes high.

The present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-mentioned problems, and the purpose thereof is generally a gas kiln which is widely used in the kiln industry, and a small size which is personally used. The present invention aims to provide a firing method for fire-sealed pottery and a firing container used for the same, which can mass-produce the fire-fired pottery that exhibits various kiln variations with a short firing time by using the gas kiln or electric kiln. It is a thing.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] By the way, in Bizen ware, a gold kiln change called "Homura" occurs when a thin carbon film of 20 to 50 nm adheres to the substrate.
It was clarified by the article about the research presentation of the Okayama Ceramic Center, which was published in the Mainichi Shimbun dated June 1, 1994 and the Asahi Shimbun dated June 7, 1994 (by the way, the silver kiln variation is 10 to 20 nm). . Furthermore, depending on the thickness of the carbon film attached to the substrate, gold, silver, red,
It has been proved that different colors such as purple and black and atmosphere kilns occur. The present inventor has noticed that the kiln change is caused by a thin carbon film attached to the substrate,
By firing under conditions where a carbon film is likely to adhere to the surface of the base material, gas kilns commonly used in the kiln industry, other small personal gas kilns, electric kilns are not dependent on climbing kilns. We succeeded in intentionally making a kiln change in a short firing time by using, and achieved the above-mentioned object.

[0006] That is, in the firing method for fire-hardened porcelain according to the first aspect of the present invention, a base material of a pottery product formed of porcelain clay containing iron is formed of a refractory material and is partially covered with a ventilation portion to prevent airtight closure It is characterized in that it is stored together with combustible materials such as charcoal, straw, and paddy in a baking container, and the whole baking container is put into a kiln and baked.

[0007] In the firing method for squeezed porcelain according to claim 2, the surface of the base of the pottery made of porcelain stone containing no iron or porcelain clay containing almost no iron is porcelain containing iron or a glaze containing iron. The base material of the ware is coated with a combustible material such as charcoal, straw and paddy in a lidded calcination container that is formed of a refractory material and sealed from being partially closed by a ventilation part, and this calcination container is put into a kiln. It is characterized by being fired.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a firing container which is placed in a kiln in which a base material of the fired product is stored together with a combustible material such as charcoal, straw and paddy, and which is molded using a refractory material. The bottomed bottom frame that is placed at the lower end and on which the base of the pottery can be placed, a plurality of height adjustment frames that can be stacked above the bottom frame and that open at the top and bottom, and this height adjustment frame It is characterized in that it comprises a lid body formed so as to be able to close the upper opening, and in a state where these are stacked, a ventilation portion for preventing sealing is formed between the respective constituent members.

[0009]

According to the firing method of the fire-sealed pottery according to claim 1, the fired base material (which is not coated with glaze) and the combustible material such as charcoal, straw and paddy that are dried after molding are fired. It is housed in a container, covered with a lid, placed in a gas kiln, an electric kiln or the like and fired. Here, the combustibles such as charcoal, straw and paddy are a carbon source for adhering a carbon film necessary for the kiln change to the surface of the base material, and also have a role of diversifying the kiln change.

When the temperature inside the kiln rises during firing, carbon contained in combustibles such as charcoal, straw and paddy reacts with oxygen and burns to generate carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide). Some of the carbon released from combustible materials such as paddy cannot react with oxygen and incompletely burns to generate carbon monoxide. This carbon monoxide returns to carbon again and adheres to the base material containing iron to form a thin carbon film on the surface of the base material. The carbon film causes a kiln change in the base material. Gas kilns and electric kilns reach high temperatures in a short period of time, so that a baking oven can be obtained in a short baking time of about 12 to 15 hours.

[0011] Here, the color of the baking-up that appears is intentionally adjusted to some extent by adjusting the amount of carbon source (combustible substances such as charcoal, straw and paddy) or the amount of ventilation (shape of the ventilation part) in advance. Can be controlled. Specifically, by increasing the amount of carbon source, the appearance is mainly black, and by decreasing the amount of carbon source, the color changes to reddish brown. When the amount of carbon source is constant, the amount of aeration is increased to give a reddish brown color.

When the inside of the firing container is closed and is not ventilated from the outside, most of the carbon contained in combustibles such as charcoal, straw and paddy is incompletely burned to generate carbon monoxide, which is carbon. Returning to, the carbon film attached to the surface of the substrate becomes too thick, so that no kiln changes occur. Further, since the combustion does not occur, the temperature of the base material does not rise and the base material is not hardened. According to the present invention, since the baking container is prevented from being hermetically closed by a part of the ventilation part, it is possible to prevent them and surely produce the baking and tightening pottery.

Therefore, according to the method for calcination of squeezed porcelain according to the present invention, carbon and other combustibles such as straw and paddy are put in the calcination vessel together with the base material of the ware, and carbon and other components ( (Ash, sodium, etc.) easily adheres, a carbon film is surely formed on the surface of the base material, and the effect of being able to develop a kiln change is obtained. In addition, since it is possible to use gas kilns, electric kilns, etc. that are generally widely used in the kiln industry, it is possible to make squeezed pottery with a short firing time of about half a day, and firing using conventional climbing kilns Compared to the method
Fuel costs can be significantly reduced, and manufacturing costs can be reduced.

Furthermore, the amount of combustible materials such as charcoal, straw and paddy,
Alternatively, by appropriately adjusting the amount of air flowing into the firing container and the firing atmosphere (oxidation firing, neutral firing, reduction firing) in the kiln, it is possible to change the carbon film adhering to the base material. It is possible to cause kiln changes with different colors. It is also possible to intentionally bring about a gold kiln change called "Homura" in Bizen ware.

According to the present invention, it becomes possible to produce a larger amount of baked porcelain and to supply it at a lower cost, and it is possible to intentionally exhibit various kiln changes including gold kiln changes. This is a breakthrough for the entire kiln industry.

[0016] In the method for firing a squeezed earthenware according to claim 2, it is a base formed from porcelain stone containing no iron or porcelain clay containing almost no iron, which did not cause kiln change in the conventional method. However, it is possible to obtain the effect that various ceramic changes can be expressed.

In the firing container according to the third aspect of the present invention, the base material of the molded fired product is placed on the bottom frame and combustible materials such as charcoal, straw and paddy are arranged, and the height above the bottom frame is adjusted according to the height of the base material. The adjustment frames are stacked, the upper end is covered with a lid and the upper opening is closed, and the kiln is put into a kiln and firing is performed. Here, when the height of the substrate is low, the bottom frame may be directly covered with the lid without using the height adjusting frame. Therefore, in the baking container according to the present embodiment, the height can be easily adjusted according to the size of the base material, and thus it is possible to support various shapes of base materials. In addition, since a ventilation part that prevents sealing is formed between the stacked components,
Incomplete combustion inside the container can be avoided, and it is possible to reliably produce fire-sealed ceramics.

[0018]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a firing container according to an embodiment. The firing container 1 is formed by using, for example, a refractory clay such as a fireproof clay or a silicon carbide used as a material for a shelf or a shelf plate. Has been done.

As shown in FIG. 2, this baking container 1 has 2
The bottom frame, the height adjusting frame 3 and the lid 4 have a width of 18.5 cm and a length of 39 cm. The bottom frame 2 is arranged at the lower end of the baking container 1 and is composed of a bottom surface 2a on which the base material of the baked product is placed and a frame portion 2b provided upright on the periphery of the bottom surface 2a. 6c
m, the bottom surface 2a has a thickness of 2 cm, and the frame portion 2b has a thickness of 1.5.
It is set to cm.

The height adjusting frames 3 and 3 are for adjusting the height of the baking container 1 in accordance with the height of the base material to be housed, and are open at the top and bottom, and the frame portion 2b of the bottom frame 2 is provided. It is formed so that it can be stacked on top and has a height of 5 cm and a wall thickness of 1.5 cm. In addition, in this Embodiment, although the case where two height adjustment frames 3 of the same height were used was shown, even if height adjustment frames of different heights are prepared and they are used in combination. good.

The lid 4 is for covering the upper end of the upper side height adjusting frame 3 to close the upper opening of the baking container 1 after accommodating the green body and charcoal in the baking container 1. 1.5
It has a wall thickness of cm. In addition, the firing container 1 is formed so that a slight gap (a ventilation portion) is generated between the respective constituent members in a stacked state. These gaps are for preventing the inside of the container from being sealed.

Next, the method for firing the fire-sealed ceramics of the present embodiment will be described. First, put the bottom frame 2 of the baking container 1 in the gas kiln, spread the paddy on the bottom surface 2a of the bottom frame 2, and then separate the base of the baked product containing iron dried after molding on an appropriate interval. The frame portion 2b of the bottom frame 2 is placed according to the height of the base material.
Two height adjustment frames 3 and 3 are stacked above. continue,
Approximately 150 g of charcoal is placed around the base material in a standing state, and straw is placed between the charcoal and in a gap in a container or the like. Finally, the lid 4 is covered on the upper end of the height adjusting frame 3 to close the upper opening of the baking container 1, and baking is performed for about 12 to 15 hours.

When the temperature inside the kiln rises during firing, carbon contained in the charcoal, straw and paddy reacts with oxygen and burns to generate carbon dioxide gas. Here, some of the carbon released from charcoal, straw, and paddy cannot react with oxygen and incompletely burns to generate carbon monoxide. This carbon monoxide returns to carbon again,
A thin carbon film is formed on the surface of the base material by adhering to the base material containing iron. This carbon film causes a kiln change, mainly black, on the substrate. In addition, components such as sodium contained in straw and paddy serve as materials for diversifying the kiln change, and can exhibit various aspects of the kiln change.

As described above, according to the firing method for fire-sealed pottery of the present embodiment, a short time of about 12 to 15 hours is fired using a gas kiln generally used in the kiln industry. With time, you can make kiln-ceramics that show the appearance of kilns. Further, the baking container 1 can be applied to various shapes of the base material by increasing or decreasing the height adjusting frame 3. Further, the baking container 1 is baked from the gap (ventilation part) generated between the respective constituent members. Since the air can be supplied to the inside of the container 1, incomplete combustion can be prevented and the kiln can be surely developed, and the baking and tightening can be sufficiently performed.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the specific configuration of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and there are design changes and the like within the scope not departing from the gist of the invention. However, it is included in the present invention. For example, in the present embodiment, although charcoal, straw and paddy are used as the combustible material, any combustible material may be used as long as carbon easily attaches to the base material.

Further, in the present embodiment, the shape of the baking container is a rectangular box, but the shape of the baking container can be set arbitrarily. Further, it is also possible to adopt a structure in which ventilation holes for slightly ventilating the inside and outside of the baking container are provided at several places. Furthermore, by applying salt to the base material, wrapping straw around the base material, filling the space between the base materials with paddy, or firing them in combination, a wide variety of kiln changes can be achieved. Is.

In the present embodiment, an example was shown in which about 150 g of charcoal was placed in a firing container for firing, but the amount of charcoal was reduced to 100 g or 50 g, and straw was increased accordingly. , The appearance of the baking can be changed from a color mainly including black to reddish brown.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a firing container according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating each part of the firing container.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 firing container 2 bottom frame 2a bottom 2b frame part 3 Height adjustment frame 4 Lid

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A base material for a burnt product made of porcelain clay containing iron is housed together with combustible substances such as charcoal, straw and paddy in a fired container with a lid, which is made of a fire resistant material and is partially closed by a ventilation part. Then, a firing method of the fire-sealed pottery is characterized in that the firing container is placed in a kiln and fired. 2. The surface of a ceramic body formed of porcelain stone containing no iron or porcelain clay containing almost no iron is coated with a porcelain clay containing iron or a glaze containing iron, and the ceramic body is refractory to fire. A baking pot characterized by being housed together with combustible materials such as charcoal, straw and paddy in a lidded baking container that is made of a material and partly closed by a ventilation part, and is put in a kiln and baked. Firing method. 3. A firing container which is placed in a kiln in which a base material of a pottery is stored together with a combustible material such as charcoal, straw and paddy, and which is formed by using a refractory material and arranged at the lower end. With a bottomed bottom frame on which can be placed,
It is composed of a plurality of height adjustment frames that are formed above the bottom frame so that they can be stacked and that open at the top and bottom, and a lid that can close the top opening of the height adjustment frame. In this state, the baking container is characterized in that a ventilation part is formed between each component to prevent airtightness.